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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1144-95" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B6F2937E68D25907B4BD505201896471" ID-ZooBank="36EAB28465F740B3B41DBEA1D2E803DC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1144-95" checkinTime="1675346935312" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Selz, Oliver M. &amp; Seehausen, Ole" docDate="2023" docId="1342D46EB38252D2BD38B3FB2BDC746E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1144: 95-169" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1144" docPubDate="2023-02-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747" docTitle="Coregonus zugensis Nuesslin 1882" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="B6F2937E68D25907B4BD505201896471" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="B6F2937E68D25907B4BD505201896471" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of ten whitefish species from the lakes Lucerne, Sarnen, Sempach and Zug, Switzerland, with descriptions of seven new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="169" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1675347241867" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of ten whitefish species from the lakes Lucerne, Sarnen, Sempach and Zug, Switzerland, with descriptions of seven new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Selz, Oliver M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2210-5909</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution &amp; Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland &amp; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland &amp; Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Aquatic Restoration and Fisheries Section, 3011 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">oliver.selz@bafu.admin.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seehausen, Ole</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution &amp; Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland &amp; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-02-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1144</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>95</mods:start>
<mods:end>169</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1144-95</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">36EAB28465F740B3B41DBEA1D2E803DC</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">B6F2937E68D25907B4BD505201896471</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1342D46EB38252D2BD38B3FB2BDC746E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1342D46EB38252D2BD38B3FB2BDC746E" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName LSID="1342D46E-B382-52D2-BD38-B3FB2BDC746E" authority="Nuesslin, 1882" authorityName="Nuesslin" authorityYear="1882" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zugensis">
Coregonus zugensis
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nüsslin">Nuesslin</normalizedToken>
, 1882
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Coregonus zugensis, Lake Zug, Switzerland A, B syntype, MHNG- 715.093, 205 mm SL, sex unknown, preserved specimen C syntype, NMBE- 1076275 (Steinmann- 290 - 2), 188 mm SL, female, preserved specimen. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804005" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Figs 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Illustrations of specimens of each species of Coregonus from Lake Lucerne and Sarnen. Illustrations of Lake Lucerne species are based on several individuals. Illustration of C. sarnensis is based on NMBE- 1078159, 230 mm, male. Scale bar for C. sarnensis: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804009" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">, 14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
sp.
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albeli’">'Albeli'</normalizedToken>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Genetics Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B21" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [pls 22, 23]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [pls 22, 23]" year="1885">Fatio 1885</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
sp.
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albeli-Albock’">'Albeli-Albock'</normalizedToken>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher=") Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2 e partie. Genf und Basel" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B22" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed.) Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2e partie. Genf und Basel" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed." year="1890">Fatio 1890</bibRefCitation>
(see also synonymy of
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. obliterus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="obliterus">C. obliterus</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus crassirostris subsp. compactus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassirostris" subSpecies="compactus">Coregonus crassirostris compactus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Genetics Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B21" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [pls 22, 23]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [pls 22, 23]" year="1885">Fatio 1885</bibRefCitation>
(see also synonymy of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. supersum" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="supersum">C. supersum</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus lavaretus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavaretus">Coregonus lavaretus</taxonomicName>
nat.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">riusensis</emphasis>
, oekot.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">primigenius nanus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B63" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
(see also synonymy of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. muelleri" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="muelleri">C. muelleri</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. sarnensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="sarnensis">C. sarnensis</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nusslin" authorityYear="1882" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus macrophthalmus subsp. var. var. zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="macrophthalmus" subSpecies="var." variety="zugensis">Coregonus macrophthalmus var. zugensis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Nuesslin, O" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="207 - 212" refId="B51" refString="Nuesslin, O, 1882. Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Coregonus -Arten des Bodensees und einiger anderer nahegelegener nordalpiner Seen. III. Muthmassliche Varietaeten des Coregonus macrophathalmus Nuessl. Zoologischer Anzeiger 5: 207 - 212" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Coregonus - Arten des Bodensees und einiger anderer nahegelegener nordalpiner Seen. III. Muthmassliche Varietaeten des Coregonus macrophathalmus Nuessl." volume="5" year="1882">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nüsslin">Nuesslin</normalizedToken>
1882
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus wartmanni subsp. compactus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="wartmanni" subSpecies="compactus">Coregonus wartmanni compactus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher=") Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2 e partie. Genf und Basel" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B22" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed.) Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2e partie. Genf und Basel" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed." year="1890">Fatio 1890</bibRefCitation>
(see also synonymy of
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. obliterus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="obliterus">C. obliterus</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
sp.
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Zugeralbeli’">'Zugeralbeli'</normalizedToken>
:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="357 - 363" refId="B69" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Bittner, D, Hudson, A, Young, KA, Mueller, R, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Roy, D, Di Piazza, S, Largiader, CR, Seehausen, O, 2012. Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations. Nature 482 (7385): 357 - 363, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" title="Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" volume="482" year="2012">Vonlanthen et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Projet Lac, Eawag Kastanienbaum" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B70" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, Alexander, TJ, Guillard, J, Colon, M, Seehausen, O, 2015. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Zugersee. Projet Lac, Eawag Kastanienbaum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Zugersee." year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Zugerseealbeli’">'Zugerseealbeli'</normalizedToken>
:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B63" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" country="Switzerland" county="All" location="Historical" municipality="Lake" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zug" typeStatus="Syntypes">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<typeStatus>Syntypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty>All</collectingCounty>
from
<collectingCountry name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Lake</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Zug">Zug</collectingRegion>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1342D46EB38252D2BD38B3FB2BDC746E:2E2033DFE37C77D21F873CB395CBFF05" country="Switzerland" county="All" municipality="Lake" name="Historical" stateProvince="Zug">Historical</location>
specimens (years 1879, 1890, 1937, 1939): MHNG-715.093, NMBE-1076263 (EAWAG-279-1, EAWAG279-2), NMBE-1076264 (EAWAG-280-1, EAWAG-280-2), NMBE-1076266 (EAWAG-282-1, EAWAG-282-2), NMBE-1076275 (EAWAG-290-2, EAWAG-290-3, EAWAG-290-3, EAWAG-290-4, EAWAG-290-5, EAWAG-290-6),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">N</emphasis>
=
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2408649999999999" metricValueMax="2.36" metricValueMin="0.12173" unit="mm" value="124.0865" valueMax="236.0" valueMin="12.173">12, 173-236mm</quantity>
SL
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804005" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nuesslin" authorityYear="1882" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Lake
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Zug">Zug</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">A, B</emphasis>
<typeStatus>syntype</typeStatus>
, MHNG-
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15093205" unit="mm" value="715093.205">715.093, 205 mm</quantity>
SL, sex unknown, preserved specimen
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C</emphasis>
<typeStatus>syntype</typeStatus>
, NMBE-1076275 (Steinmann-290-2),
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" unit="mm" value="188.0">188 mm</quantity>
SL, female, preserved specimen. Scale bars:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nuesslin" authorityYear="1882" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a small whitefish species with weak pigmentation of all fins and body; pale olive-brown colouration on the flanks above the lateral line; elongate slender body (body depth: 22.5-25.9% SL, mean = 24); large eye (eye diameter: 19.7-25.3% SL, mean = 22.9) with a subtle triangular eye socket (1.6-5.9% HL, mean = 3.8); many and long gill rakers (longest gill raker: 11.2-17.7% HL, mean = 14.3; total gill raker number: 33-40).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Shape</emphasis>
: Body elongated and slender. Greatest body depth anterior of the dorsal fin. Ventral profile and dorsal profile similar and slightly arched. Dorsal and ventral profile from tip of snout to interorbital mostly straight and then slightly convex to dorsal and pelvic fin origin respectively. Head long. Snout long and tip of snout if slightly pointed resulting in a not strongly pronounced rostral plate. Mouth long and terminal. Large eye with a subtle sickle cell-shaped (seldom roundish) eye-socket. Pectoral fin long and tapered. Caudal peduncle moderately stout.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Meristics</emphasis>
: Many and long gill rakers.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Colour</emphasis>
: Pigmentation of fins and body weak in live specimens. Pectoral fin transparent and pelvic and anal fin mostly transparent. Pectoral fin very rarely pigmented at the distal part of the fin and the anal and pelvic fin rarely moderately pigmented at the median to distal parts of the fin. Dorsal, caudal and adipose fin moderately pigmented. Silvery appearance along the flanks. Dorsally above the lateral line the silvery appearance changes to a pale olive-brown. Pre-operculum and operculum with one black spot on the lower margin of the pre-operculum. Preserved specimens are brownish in colouration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
The differential diagnoses against the historical specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. supersum" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="supersum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. supersum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Lake Zug are given under that species account.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nuesslin" authorityYear="1882" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus obliterus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obliterus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus obliterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nuesslin" authorityYear="1882" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. obliterus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="obliterus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. obliterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a wider adipose fin base (4.8-7.3% SL, mean = 6 vs. 3-5.4% SL, mean = 4.5), a smaller eye cavity (24.5-29% HL, mean = 27.4 vs. 27.9-31% HL, mean = 28.9), a longer maxilla (20.2-25.4% HL, mean = 22.9 vs. 17-21.7% HL, mean = 19.6), a shallower snout (6.6-9.2% HL, mean = 8 vs. 8-13% HL, mean = 10.1), a less wide interorbital (23.3-27.1% HL, mean = 25.3 vs. 26.4-29.7% HL, mean = 28.4) and longer and more gill rakers (middle gill raker: 10.2-15% HL, mean = 12.6 vs. 5.3-10.6% HL, mean = 7.8; longest gill raker: 11.2-17.7% HL, mean = 14.3 vs. 7.6-10.6% HL, mean = 8.8; upper arch gill raker number: 11-15, mode = 12 vs. 7-9, mode = 9; lower arch gill raker number: 21-26, mode = 22 vs. 13-18, mode= 14; total gill raker number: 33-40, mode = 35, 37 vs. 21-26, mode = 25). Based on ratios
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. obliterus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="obliterus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. obliterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a smaller 'eye diameter /
<normalizedToken originalValue="maxilla’">maxilla'</normalizedToken>
ratio (EC/M: 1.11-1.34 vs. 1.38-1.65) (Tables
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="T8" captionText="Table 8. Morphological and meristic data of historical specimen s of Coregonus supersum, C. obliterus and C. zugensis from Lake Zug and of C. suidteri from Lake Sempach. Coregonus supersum, NMBE- 1076275, holotype; paratypes N = 5. C. obliterus, NMBE- 1076268, holotype; paratypes N = 6. C. zugensis, syntypes N = 12. C. suidteri, syntypes, N = 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/27D13998093D9499FDC28EF0F38F3D0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="27D13998093D9499FDC28EF0F38F3D0C">8</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of pair-wise comparisons of a subset of head and body characters of the historical specimens from the species of lakes Lucerne and Zug. For all comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-f); the respective characters that were included are listed at the end of the table. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/35B95411E63622AA635C6C236FA696EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="35B95411E63622AA635C6C236FA696EB">11</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 13" captionStartId="T13" captionText="Table 13. Frequency of occurrence of the total number of gill rakers (mode in bold) in the 13 whitefish species from lakes Lucerne (C. litoralis, C. intermundia, C. suspensus, C. nobilis, C. muelleri,), Sarnen (C. sarnensis), Sempach (C. suidteri), Zug (C. zugensis, C. obliterus, C. supersum), and Constance (C. gutturosus, C. arenicolus, C. macrophthalmus, C. wartmanni)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BD7DCAF63D7A6855AC00538AD84D8588" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="BD7DCAF63D7A6855AC00538AD84D8588">13</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nuesslin" authorityYear="1882" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus muelleri" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nuesslin" authorityYear="1882" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. muelleri" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a deeper caudal peduncle (6.4-8% SL, mean = 7.2 vs. 6.1-6.8% SL, mean = 6.5), a smaller eye cavity (24.5-29% HL, mean = 27.4 vs. 27-31.9% HL, mean = 29.2) and a deeper head (64.6-73.6% HL mean = 69.3 vs. 61.8-69.7% HL, mean = 65.2). Based on ratios
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. muelleri" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a smaller 'caudal peduncle depth / prepelvic
<normalizedToken originalValue="length’">length'</normalizedToken>
ratio (CD/PreP: 0.13-0.15 vs. 0.12-0.13) (Tables
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Morphological and meristic data of Coregonus muelleri from Lake Lucerne, NMBE- 1078123 holotype, contemporary specimen; paratypes of contemporary specimens N = 29 and paratype material of historical specimens N = 8. For males and both sexes the holotype is included in the range and mean of the contemporary specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/67474AB40404D8EB54B16C77D96A3610" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="67474AB40404D8EB54B16C77D96A3610">6</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="T8" captionText="Table 8. Morphological and meristic data of historical specimen s of Coregonus supersum, C. obliterus and C. zugensis from Lake Zug and of C. suidteri from Lake Sempach. Coregonus supersum, NMBE- 1076275, holotype; paratypes N = 5. C. obliterus, NMBE- 1076268, holotype; paratypes N = 6. C. zugensis, syntypes N = 12. C. suidteri, syntypes, N = 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/27D13998093D9499FDC28EF0F38F3D0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="27D13998093D9499FDC28EF0F38F3D0C">8</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of pair-wise comparisons of a subset of head and body characters of the historical specimens from the species of lakes Lucerne and Zug. For all comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-f); the respective characters that were included are listed at the end of the table. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/35B95411E63622AA635C6C236FA696EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="35B95411E63622AA635C6C236FA696EB">11</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Distribution and notes on biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nuesslin" authorityYear="1882" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred in Lake Zug and is extinct today (this is discussed in more detail in the Suppl. material 1: paragraph 4).
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Genetics Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B21" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [pls 22, 23]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [pls 22, 23]" year="1885">Fatio (1885)</bibRefCitation>
mentions in a table three whitefish species for lake Zug
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Balchen’">'Balchen'</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albock’">'Albock'</normalizedToken>
, and
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albeli’">'Albeli'</normalizedToken>
, but later
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher=") Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2 e partie. Genf und Basel" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B22" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed.) Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2e partie. Genf und Basel" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed." year="1890">Fatio (1890)</bibRefCitation>
only mentions two whitefish species for Lake Zug, namely the
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Balchen’">'Balchen'</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus schinzii subsp. var. var. zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="schinzii" subSpecies="var." variety="zugensis">Coregonus schinzii helveticus var. zugensis</taxonomicName>
) and the
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albeli-Albock’">'Albeli-Albock'</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus wartmanni subsp. compactus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="wartmanni" subSpecies="compactus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus wartmanni compactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Interestingly,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19370350123" author="Wagler, E" journalOrPublisher="Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="345 - 445" refId="B71" refString="Wagler, E, 1937. Die Coregonen in den Seen des Voralpengebiets. iX. Die Systematik der Voralpenregionen. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 35 (1-6): 345 - 445, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19370350123" title="Die Coregonen in den Seen des Voralpengebiets. iX. Die Systematik der Voralpenregionen." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19370350123" volume="35" year="1937">Wagler (1937)</bibRefCitation>
noted two species to be present in Lake Zug with a remark that a third species may exist, but that its status is uncertain.
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher=") Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2 e partie. Genf und Basel" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B22" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed.) Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2e partie. Genf und Basel" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed." year="1890">Fatio (1890)</bibRefCitation>
does mention that fishermen have suggested that among the
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albeli-Albock’">'Albeli-Albock'</normalizedToken>
there are individuals that are smaller and spawn later in the year, which they refer to as
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albeli’">'Albeli'</normalizedToken>
, when compared to the individuals they refer to as
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albock’">'Albock'</normalizedToken>
that are slightly larger and spawn earlier in the year. However, the specimens that
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher=") Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2 e partie. Genf und Basel" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B22" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed.) Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2e partie. Genf und Basel" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed." year="1890">Fatio (1890)</bibRefCitation>
could examine did not warrant this distinction and thus he suggested to group the
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albeli’">'Albeli'</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albock’">'Albock'</normalizedToken>
under the name
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albeli-Albock’">'Albeli-Albock'</normalizedToken>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher=") Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2 e partie. Genf und Basel" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B22" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed.) Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2e partie. Genf und Basel" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed." year="1890">Fatio (1890)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that the
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albeli-Albock’">'Albeli-Albock'</normalizedToken>
spawn in mid-September to mid-October in Lake Zug at depths of 150-180 metres. However, with the findings that Lake Zug did harbour three species of whitefish (see the notes on biology of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. supersum" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="supersum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. supersum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Suppl. material 1: paragraph 4 for details) and taking into account the spawning Table in
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Genetics Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B21" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [pls 22, 23]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [pls 22, 23]" year="1885">Fatio (1885)</bibRefCitation>
and the reports by local fishermen from that time period (
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Genetics Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B21" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [pls 22, 23]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [pls 22, 23]" year="1885">Fatio 1885</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher=") Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2 e partie. Genf und Basel" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B22" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed.) Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2e partie. Genf und Basel" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed." year="1890">1890</bibRefCitation>
) we suggest that the
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albeli’">'Albeli'</normalizedToken>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, spawned in comparison to
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. obliterus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="obliterus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. obliterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albock’">'Albock'</normalizedToken>
) later in the year from mid-October to late December in deep waters of the lake.
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Genetics Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B21" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [pls 22, 23]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [pls 22, 23]" year="1885">Fatio (1885)</bibRefCitation>
states that the
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albeli’">'Albeli'</normalizedToken>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, spawns in the deeper parts of the lake (
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘fond’">'fond'</normalizedToken>
in French) and that the
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albock’">'Albock'</normalizedToken>
,
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. obliterus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="obliterus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. obliterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, spawns in even deeper waters of the lake ('grand
<normalizedToken originalValue="fond’">fond'</normalizedToken>
in French).
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher=") Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2 e partie. Genf und Basel" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B22" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed.) Histoire naturelle des Poison, 2e partie. Genf und Basel" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse, Vol. V. In: Georg H (Ed." year="1890">Fatio (1890)</bibRefCitation>
groups the
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albeli-Albock’">'Albeli-Albock'</normalizedToken>
under
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus wartmanni subsp. compactus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="wartmanni" subSpecies="compactus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus wartmanni compactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which includes several other small and pelagic whitefish species from other lakes. This and the number and length of gill rakers of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(many and long gill rakers) suggests, based on the functional properties of the number of gill rakers experimentally tested with specimens of other whitefish species from lakes Thun and Lucerne (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" author="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="483 - 498" refId="B44" refString="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Matthews, B, Vonlanthen, P, Taverna, A, Seehausen, O, 2013. Adaptive plasticity and genetic divergence in feeding efficiency during parallel adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26 (3): 483 - 498, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" title="Adaptive plasticity and genetic divergence in feeding efficiency during parallel adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" volume="26" year="2013">Lundsgaard-Hansen et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" author="Roesch, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="1578 - 1587" refId="B58" refString="Roesch, C, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Vonlanthen, P, Taverna, A, Seehausen, O, 2013. Experimental evidence for trait utility of gill raker number in adaptive radiation of a north temperate fish. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26 (7): 1578 - 1587, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" title="Experimental evidence for trait utility of gill raker number in adaptive radiation of a north temperate fish." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" volume="26" year="2013">Roesch et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
), that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz &amp; Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. zugensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="zugensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. zugensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was feeding predominantly on zooplankton.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">The specific name zugensis refers to Zug, a city that gave its name to Lake Zug. An adjective.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="common name">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Common name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Zugeralbeli.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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