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<document id="9DA37311BF3E267E8FB66EB1784FD3F7" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5352660" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352660" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630208527114" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dunford, James C." docDate="2009" docId="03FC87C67B16FF88FF6CFB75FC6ADB4D" docLanguage="en" docName="0090.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2009 (90)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Speyeria hesperis subsp. cottlei" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFC5FFBE7B32FFADFFACFFD0FFFED816" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic overview of the greater fritillary genus Speyeria Scudder and the atlantis - hesperis species complexes, with species accounts, type images, and relevant literature (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1699186102529" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="B3664D5451F2BC663D674BDD5B9EBEB1">Taxonomic overview of the greater fritillary genus Speyeria Scudder and the atlantis - hesperis species complexes, with species accounts, type images, and relevant literature (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9E4CD74EEE3D65260789B33C5334601A">Dunford, James C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="2E757FD28B5204C16D294361EAE44104">90</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FC87C67B16FF88FF6CFB75FC6ADB4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5450581" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5450581" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87C67B16FF88FF6CFB75FC6ADB4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87C67B16FF88FF6CFB75FC6ADB4D" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B16FF89FF6CFB75FD0EDCAD" box="[192,752,1187,1212]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B16FF89FF6CFB75FD0EDCAD" blockId="36.[192,752,1187,1212]" box="[192,752,1187,1212]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="D0A281BC7B16FF89FF6CFB75FD0EDCAD" bold="true" box="[192,752,1187,1212]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B16FF89FF6CFB75FD0EDCAD" authority="(Comstock, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Comstock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[192,752,1187,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hesperis" subSpecies="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FF6CFB75FD0EDCAD" bold="true" box="[192,752,1187,1212]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FF6CFB75FDF8DCAA" bold="true" box="[192,518,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Speyeria hesperis cottlei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B16FF89FDBFFB73FD16DCAD" author="Comstock, J. A." box="[531,744,1187,1211]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" pagination="62 - 68" refId="ref35235" refString="Comstock, J. A. 1925. Studies in Pacific Coast Lepidoptera. Eight new races, forms or aberrations of California butterflies. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 24: 62 - 68." type="journal article" year="1925">Comstock, 1925</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B16FF89FF6CFB34FC86DD0D" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B16FF89FF6CFB34FC06DCED" blockId="36.[192,1016,1251,1339]" box="[192,1016,1251,1275]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4511FE7B16FF89FF6CFB34FC06DCED" box="[192,1016,1251,1275]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF410C17B16FF89FF6CFB34FD8CDCED" author="Comstock, J. A." box="[192,626,1251,1275]" page="64" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" year="1925">
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B16FF89FF6CFB34FD8CDCED" ID-CoL="9BYB4" authority="Comstock, 1925: 64" authorityName="Comstock" authorityPageNumber="64" authorityYear="1925" box="[192,626,1251,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FF6CFB34FE7EDCED" box="[192,384,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Argynnis cottlei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B16FF89FE2AFB33FD8CDCED" author="Comstock, J. A." box="[390,626,1251,1275]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" pagination="62 - 68" refId="ref35235" refString="Comstock, J. A. 1925. Studies in Pacific Coast Lepidoptera. Eight new races, forms or aberrations of California butterflies. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 24: 62 - 68." type="journal article" year="1925">Comstock, 1925: 64</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B16FF89FD01FB33FC15DCED" author="dos Passos C. F. &amp; L. P. Grey" box="[685,1003,1251,1275]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref35903" refString="dos Passos C. F., and L. P. Grey. 1947. Systematic catalogue of Speyeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with designations of types and fixations of the type localities. American Museum Novitates 1370: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1947">dos Passos and Grey 1947</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B16FF89FF6CFAD4FC86DD0D" blockId="36.[192,1016,1251,1339]" box="[192,888,1283,1307]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B16FF89FF6CFAD4FD8FDD0D" authority="(Comstock)" baseAuthorityName="Comstock" box="[192,625,1283,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atlantis" subSpecies="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FF6CFAD4FE1EDD0D" box="[192,480,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Speyeria atlantis cottlei</emphasis>
(Comstock)
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B16FF89FDD1FAD3FC92DD0D" author="Emmel, J. F. &amp; T. C. Emmel &amp; S. O. Mattoon" box="[637,876,1283,1307]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" pagination="139 - 158" refId="ref37585" refString="Emmel, J. F., T. C. Emmel, and S. O. Mattoon. 1998 c. New subspecies of Nymphalidae from California and a neotype designation for Argynnis rupestris Behr (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). p. 139 - 158. In: T. C. Emmel (ed.). Systematics of western North American butterflies. Mariposa Press; Gainesville, Florida. 878 p." type="book chapter" year="1998">Emmel et al. 1998c</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B16FF89FF6CFAF4FD90DD6D" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B16FF89FF6CFAF4FCCADD2D" blockId="36.[192,1016,1251,1339]" box="[192,820,1315,1339]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B16FF89FF6CFAF4FD8BDD2D" authority="(Comstock)" baseAuthorityName="Comstock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[192,629,1315,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hesperis" subSpecies="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FF6CFAF4FE1ADD2D" box="[192,484,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Speyeria hesperis cottlei</emphasis>
(Comstock)
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B16FF89FD2EFAF4FCD7DD2D" author="Warren, A. D." box="[642,809,1315,1339]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" refId="ref47389" refString="Warren, A. D. 2005. Lepidoptera of North America Vol. 6: Butterflies of Oregon their taxonomy, distribution, and biology. Contributions of the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University; Fort Collins, Colorado. 408 p." type="book" year="2005">Warren 2005</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B16FF89FF6CFAB3FD90DD6D" blockId="36.[192,622,1379,1403]" box="[192,622,1379,1403]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FF6CFAB3FE6ADD6D" bold="true" box="[192,404,1379,1403]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Common name.</emphasis>
Cottle’s fritillary.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B16FF88FF6CFA73FC6ADB4D" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B16FF89FF6CFA73FE86DE0D" blockId="36.[192,1440,1443,1564]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FF6CFA73FE62DDAD" bold="true" box="[192,412,1443,1467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Type deposited.</emphasis>
The specimen used for description was in the J. E. Cottle collection, San Francisco (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B16FF89FF64FA13FE7ADDCD" author="Comstock, J. A." box="[200,388,1475,1499]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" pagination="62 - 68" refId="ref35235" refString="Comstock, J. A. 1925. Studies in Pacific Coast Lepidoptera. Eight new races, forms or aberrations of California butterflies. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 24: 62 - 68." type="journal article" year="1925">Comstock 1925</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B16FF89FE22FA13FD34DDCD" author="dos Passos C. F. &amp; L. P. Grey" box="[398,714,1475,1499]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref35903" refString="dos Passos C. F., and L. P. Grey. 1947. Systematic catalogue of Speyeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with designations of types and fixations of the type localities. American Museum Novitates 1370: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1947">dos Passos and Grey 1947</bibRefCitation>
).
<typeStatus id="54EE88727B16FF89FD70FA13FCB4DDCD" box="[732,842,1475,1499]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
reportedly located at Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B16FF89FE6DFA33FD9BDDED" author="Pelham, J." box="[449,613,1507,1531]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" refId="ref43702" refString="Pelham, J. 2008. Catalogue of the butterflies of the United States and Canada. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 40: xiv + 658 p." type="book" year="2008">Pelham 2008</bibRefCitation>
); cannot be located (see discussion below) and a
<typeStatus id="54EE88727B16FF89FB06FA34FAF5DDEA" box="[1194,1291,1508,1532]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
designation may be needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B16FF89FF6CF993FB9CDEAD" blockId="36.[192,1440,1603,1724]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FF6CF993FE87DE4D" bold="true" box="[192,377,1603,1627]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Type locality.</emphasis>
Vicinity of Alturas, Modoc County,
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B16FF89FC88F993FC5ADE4D" box="[804,932,1603,1627]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">California</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B16FF89FC01F994FB04DE4D" author="dos Passos C. F. &amp; L. P. Grey" box="[941,1274,1603,1627]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref35903" refString="dos Passos C. F., and L. P. Grey. 1947. Systematic catalogue of Speyeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with designations of types and fixations of the type localities. American Museum Novitates 1370: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1947">Dos Passos and Grey (1947)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B16FF89FF6CF9B4FED5DE6D" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1925" box="[192,299,1635,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FF6CF9B4FED5DE6D" box="[192,299,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">A. cottlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B16FF89FEDEF9B4FDBDDE6D" box="[370,579,1635,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FEDEF9B4FDBDDE6D" box="[370,579,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Speyeria atlantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B16FF89FDC8F9B3FD37DE6D" box="[612,713,1635,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperis">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FDC8F9B3FD37DE6D" box="[612,713,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">hesperis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B16FF89FD74F9B4FCEBDE6D" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1869" box="[728,789,1636,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irene">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FD74F9B4FCEBDE6D" box="[728,789,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">irene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and designated a
<typeStatus id="54EE88727B16FF89FC59F9B3FB9BDE6D" box="[1013,1125,1635,1659]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FB39F9B4FB3BDE6D" box="[1173,1221,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">S. h</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B16FF89FB78F9B4FAEFDE6D" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1869" box="[1236,1297,1636,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irene">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FB78F9B4FAEFDE6D" box="[1236,1297,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">irene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taken from Massack, Plumas County,
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B16FF89FDAFF953FD7ADE8D" box="[515,644,1667,1691]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">California</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B16FF89FD21F953FC78DE8D" author="Emmel, J. F. &amp; T. C. Emmel &amp; S. O. Mattoon" box="[653,902,1667,1691]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" pagination="139 - 158" refId="ref37585" refString="Emmel, J. F., T. C. Emmel, and S. O. Mattoon. 1998 c. New subspecies of Nymphalidae from California and a neotype designation for Argynnis rupestris Behr (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). p. 139 - 158. In: T. C. Emmel (ed.). Systematics of western North American butterflies. Mariposa Press; Gainesville, Florida. 878 p." type="book chapter" year="1998">Emmel et al. (1998c)</bibRefCitation>
resurrected the name from synonymy based on examination of the type for
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FD99F974FD9BDEAD" box="[565,613,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">S. h</emphasis>
. irene and the distribution of
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FC7FF974FBA5DEAD" box="[979,1115,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
S. h.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B16FF89FBBCF973FBA5DEAD" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1925" box="[1040,1115,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottlei">cottlei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B16FF88FF6CF933FD9BD9AD" blockId="36.[192,1440,1763,1915]" lastBlockId="37.[192,1440,195,443]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FF6CF933FE65DEED" bold="true" box="[192,411,1763,1787]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="54EE88727B16FF89FF6CF933FEFBDEED" box="[192,261,1763,1787]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Type</typeStatus>
label data.
</emphasis>
I have not seen the
<typeStatus id="54EE88727B16FF89FD22F934FD3ADEEA" box="[654,708,1764,1788]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
specimen. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B16FF89FC47F933FB14DEED" author="Emmel, J. F. &amp; T. C. Emmel &amp; S. O. Mattoon" box="[1003,1258,1763,1787]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" pagination="139 - 158" refId="ref37585" refString="Emmel, J. F., T. C. Emmel, and S. O. Mattoon. 1998 c. New subspecies of Nymphalidae from California and a neotype designation for Argynnis rupestris Behr (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). p. 139 - 158. In: T. C. Emmel (ed.). Systematics of western North American butterflies. Mariposa Press; Gainesville, Florida. 878 p." type="book chapter" year="1998">Emmel et al. (1998c)</bibRefCitation>
, a single specimen was used to describe
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B16FF89FDAAF8D4FD8DDF0D" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1925" box="[518,627,1795,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FDAAF8D4FDE7DF0D" box="[518,537,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FD85F8D3FD8DDF0D" box="[553,627,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">cottlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is not clear where the specimen is currently located. John Emmel (pers. comm.) stated the following: “Riker mounts that Comstock used for his plates in
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FADDF8F3FE16DF4D" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
The Butterflies of
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B16FF89FEC4F893FE16DF4D" box="[360,488,1859,1883]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">California</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
are still stored at L.A. County Museum--however, specimens that Comstock borrowed, such as Cottle’s specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B16FF89FD30F8B4FCA3DF6D" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1925" box="[668,861,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B16FF89FD30F8B4FCA3DF6D" box="[668,861,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Argynnis cottlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, were returned to the persons who lent them to Comstock. So presumably the
<typeStatus id="54EE88727B17FF88FD80FF14FD9FD8CA" box="[556,609,196,220]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
was returned to J. E. Cottle-- where his collection went, I’m not sure. There are some specimens of Cottle’s in the American Museum of Natural History,
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B17FF88FB0AFF34FADDD8ED" box="[1190,1315,227,251]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">New York</collectingRegion>
. However, about 15 years ago when I was at the American Museum I did not see the
<typeStatus id="54EE88727B17FF88FBEEFED4FB86D90A" box="[1090,1144,260,284]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FB37FED3FB1BD90D" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1925" box="[1179,1253,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FB37FED3FB1BD90D" box="[1179,1253,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">cottlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Cottle lived in San Francisco, but the
<typeStatus id="54EE88727B17FF88FE76FEF4FDEED92A" box="[474,528,292,316]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FD9EFEF4FD62D92D" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1925" box="[562,668,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FD9EFEF4FDBBD92D" box="[562,581,292,315]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FDFEFEF3FD62D92D" box="[594,668,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">cottlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not turned up at the
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B17FF88FC7CFEF3FBB0D92D" box="[976,1102,291,315]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">California</collectingRegion>
Academy of Sciences there. Comstock’s illustration (1927 [1989], The Butterflies of
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B17FF88FCC5FE93FC16D94D" box="[873,1000,323,347]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">California</collectingRegion>
) of the
<typeStatus id="54EE88727B17FF88FBEDFE94FB89D94A" box="[1089,1143,324,348]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FB35FE94FAFAD94D" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1925" box="[1177,1284,323,347]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FB35FE94FB52D94D" box="[1177,1196,324,347]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FB16FE93FAFAD94D" box="[1210,1284,323,347]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">cottlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be your only source for an image.” A
<typeStatus id="54EE88727B17FF88FD8EFEB4FDA6D96A" box="[546,600,356,380]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
specimen may need to be redesignated for
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FBC1FEB4FABDD96D" baseAuthorityName="Comstock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[1133,1347,355,379]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hesperis" subSpecies="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FBC1FEB4FABDD96D" box="[1133,1347,355,379]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">S. hesperis cottlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At the time, Comstock treated
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FE71FE54FDBAD98D" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1925" box="[477,580,387,411]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FE71FE54FE0ED98D" box="[477,496,388,411]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FE50FE53FDBAD98D" box="[508,580,387,411]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">cottlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a distinct species but speculated it may have been an unsilvered form of what is now
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FEDAFE74FDA0D9AD" box="[374,606,419,443]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="zerene" subSpecies="hippolyta">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FEDAFE74FDA0D9AD" box="[374,606,419,443]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">S. zerene hippolyta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B17FF88FF6CFE33FB8CDAAD" blockId="37.[192,1440,483,699]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FF6CFE33FD22D9ED" bold="true" box="[192,732,483,507]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Identification, taxonomy, and variation.</emphasis>
Closely resembles members of the zerene complex and
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FAC7FE34FF03DA0D" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
S. h.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FF6CFDD4FF03DA0D" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1869" box="[192,253,516,539]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irene">irene</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. However, there is a complete lack of silver scaling on the ventral hindwings of
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FB7CFDD4FAB5DA0D" box="[1232,1355,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
S. h.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FAA2FDD4FAB5DA0D" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1869" box="[1294,1355,516,539]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irene">irene</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Adult wingspan ranges from
<quantity id="4CAD9B357B17FF88FE76FDF3FDA7DA2D" box="[474,601,547,571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="52.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="50.0">50-55 mm</quantity>
. This subspecies has been referred to as
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FBE1FDF4FB33DA2D" box="[1101,1229,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FBE1FDF4FB33DA2D" box="[1101,1229,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">S. atlantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FB42FDF3FAADDA2D" box="[1262,1363,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperis">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FB42FDF3FAADDA2D" box="[1262,1363,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">hesperis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FACFFDF4FEB0DA4D" authority="(Boisduval)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irene">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FACFFDF4FA5EDA2D" box="[1379,1440,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">irene</emphasis>
(Boisduval)
</taxonomicName>
in the past.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FE46FD94FD52DA4D" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1925" box="[490,684,579,603]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FE46FD94FD52DA4D" box="[490,684,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Argynnis cottlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was raised from full synonymy with
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FBD4FD94FB0BDA4D" box="[1144,1269,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
S. h.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FB14FD94FB0BDA4D" box="[1208,1269,580,603]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irene">irene</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
to subspecies status by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B17FF88FE94FDB3FDC7DA6D" author="Emmel, J. F. &amp; T. C. Emmel &amp; S. O. Mattoon" box="[312,569,611,635]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="139 - 158" refId="ref37585" refString="Emmel, J. F., T. C. Emmel, and S. O. Mattoon. 1998 c. New subspecies of Nymphalidae from California and a neotype designation for Argynnis rupestris Behr (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). p. 139 - 158. In: T. C. Emmel (ed.). Systematics of western North American butterflies. Mariposa Press; Gainesville, Florida. 878 p." type="book chapter" year="1998">Emmel et al. (1998c)</bibRefCitation>
, who retained it in the atlantis species complex. This species should be placed with former western ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FD8DFD53FD7FDA8D" box="[545,641,643,667]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FD8DFD53FD7FDA8D" box="[545,641,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">atlantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ forms that conform to the hesperis subspecies complex listed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B17FF88FF6CFD73FE64DAAD" author="Scott, J. A. &amp; N. G. Kondla &amp; S. M. Spomer" box="[192,410,675,699]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref45136" refString="Scott, J. A., N. G. Kondla, and S. M. Spomer. 1998. Speyeria hesperis and Speyeria atlantis are distinct species. Papilio 8: 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1998">Scott et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B17FF88FE08FD74FDA9DAAD" author="Warren, A. D." box="[420,599,675,699]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" refId="ref47389" refString="Warren, A. D. 2005. Lepidoptera of North America Vol. 6: Butterflies of Oregon their taxonomy, distribution, and biology. Contributions of the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University; Fort Collins, Colorado. 408 p." type="book" year="2005">Warren (2005)</bibRefCitation>
was the first to use ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FCFEFD73FC62DAAD" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1925" box="[850,924,675,699]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottlei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FCFEFD73FC62DAAD" box="[850,924,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">cottlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ with
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FC4AFD74FB95DAAD" box="[998,1131,675,699]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperis">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FC4AFD74FC06DAAD" box="[998,1016,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FBAAFD73FB95DAAD" box="[1030,1131,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">hesperis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B17FF88FF6CFD33FB28DB0D" blockId="37.[192,1440,739,795]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FF6CFD33FEDEDAED" bold="true" box="[192,288,739,763]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Range.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B17FF88FE6FFD33FD41DAED" author="Emmel, J. F. &amp; T. C. Emmel &amp; S. O. Mattoon" box="[451,703,739,763]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="139 - 158" refId="ref37585" refString="Emmel, J. F., T. C. Emmel, and S. O. Mattoon. 1998 c. New subspecies of Nymphalidae from California and a neotype designation for Argynnis rupestris Behr (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). p. 139 - 158. In: T. C. Emmel (ed.). Systematics of western North American butterflies. Mariposa Press; Gainesville, Florida. 878 p." type="book chapter" year="1998">Emmel et al. (1998c)</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FD66FD34FCAEDAED" box="[714,848,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
S. h.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FCAAFD33FCAEDAED" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1925" box="[774,848,739,763]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottlei">cottlei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is known from the Warner Mountains, but blend zones with
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B17FF88FEE5FCD4FDDADB0D" baseAuthorityName="Gunder" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[329,548,771,795]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hesperis" subSpecies="dodgei">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FEE5FCD4FDDADB0D" box="[329,548,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">S. hesperis dodgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur in the Klamath Mountains and Mt. Shasta region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B17FF88FF6CFC93FC6ADB4D" blockId="37.[192,916,835,859]" box="[192,916,835,859]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B17FF88FF6CFC93FE96DB4D" bold="true" box="[192,360,835,859]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Life history.</emphasis>
Nothing could be gleaned from the literature.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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