237 lines
34 KiB
XML
237 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="C53B44207832AADECAF4B656E23F70AA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172764" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57f77567-9f74-4e9f-a79a-a19a41e960c8" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172764" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459761781846" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Blahnik, Roger J. & Holzenthal, Ralph W." docDate="2006" docId="03FC8793FFD76F61846AFBA1C41E1CED" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01233p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1233" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culoptila Mosely 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFC5FFEBFFD16F6B8562FFAFC6051D3B" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Culoptila (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698215326134" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="6806FA3C866FC9D1B9173A1590D6A320" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="DCCA2544FF47092AE2B7384551523A6C">
|
||
<mods:title id="390D057F3BB2F389E014D08919AB4380">Revision of the genus Culoptila (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="C9A08626A10F25D866DFA902D748FCCC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="81AB35957203B0B5ED1C13AEA470799B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="450A3950058116D619EDBDD85B80C522">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="58765D7001018F5E1E7830538DB1783E">Blahnik, Roger J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="3B66FF48EE766D305E6DCB7112735319" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="10C0FB566986CEB584D395E33BB19250">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="84ACF6D32B1303A53F2629F83A7E653F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CF29556C6D2568C05E0448EC66F72190">Holzenthal, Ralph W.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="0C44EC037CA9D39A07C92039ED6B8E3B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A3FD0980D1AD0AD7FEF6191FDA0AE682" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E53CBF04B2083176BB411ECA9BA903A9">
|
||
<mods:title id="4874691C358E7E173999A3DEDD667274">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="07C45BAF7E461159F491543906351796">
|
||
<mods:date id="DBBA3AD81A3E40AD6BEB4C49C49F6CB6">2006</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B509FADFCFFA3546FF47E338CC3F4DA4" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="3CD2B9F6898E510AA51C91CD51C0C3E8">1233</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="BE5CA68CADED659E348943D1E17A3CCD" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="DE4BED3AFAF46BF98DB66E3DE3D51C77">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="2CB839ADDE3C1513E9AB98A18227AED0">52</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="30C7AE105DC63E9EFFEFA46AA5AF0D35">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="058B54D6DCF110EC7D5F010E79D1AE3F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.172764</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0159F8EA6D6D4D517CF7283D31D9FB1A" type="GBIF-Dataset">57f77567-9f74-4e9f-a79a-a19a41e960c8</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="29E400A0E7091EBD507F318DD1BD7430" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="68B75FF0B48B905FEC6D096060C6A52B" type="Zenodo-Dep">172764</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03FC8793FFD76F61846AFBA1C41E1CED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6256615" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119345059" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6256615" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC8793FFD76F61846AFBA1C41E1CED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC8793FFD76F61846AFBA1C41E1CED" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F650EFFD76F6D846AFBA1C45D1913" box="[264,600,1038,1064]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA3685FFD76F6D846AFBA1C45D1913" blockId="6.[264,600,1038,1064]" box="[264,600,1038,1064]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<heading id="D0A281E9FFD76F6D846AFBA1C45D1913" bold="true" box="[264,600,1038,1064]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4511ABFFD76F6D846AFBA1C45D1913" box="[264,600,1038,1064]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD76F6D846AFBA1C45D1913" ID-CoL="3XB2" authority="Mosely 1954: 336" authorityName="Mosely" authorityPageNumber="336" authorityYear="1954" box="[264,600,1038,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD76F6D846AFBA1C45D1913" bold="true" box="[264,600,1038,1064]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD76F6D846AFBA1C77D1913" bold="true" box="[264,376,1038,1064]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Culoptila</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF41094FFD76F6D84E2FBA1C45D1913" author="Mosely" box="[384,600,1038,1064]" page="336" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1954">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B74FFD76F6D84E2FBA1C4251913" author="Mosely" box="[384,544,1038,1064]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1954) The Protoptila group of the Glossosomatinae (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 3, 317 - 346." type="journal article" year="1954">Mosely 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 336
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F650EFFD76F6D846AFBF6C5851A00" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA3685FFD76F6D846AFBF6C52A194B" blockId="6.[264,815,1113,1137]" box="[264,815,1113,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8827FFD76F6D846AFBF6C738194B" box="[264,317,1113,1136]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD76F6D84FDFBF5C440194A" box="[415,581,1114,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD76F6D84FDFBF5C440194A" box="[415,581,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Culoptila aluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, original designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA3685FFD76F6D846AFB0EC5851A00" blockId="6.[264,1323,1185,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
As discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B74FFD76F6D848CFB0EC4AF1980" author="Mosely" box="[494,682,1185,1211]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1954) The Protoptila group of the Glossosomatinae (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 3, 317 - 346." type="journal article" year="1954">Mosely (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the most distinctive feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD76F6D813DFB0EC2CB1981" box="[1119,1230,1185,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD76F6D813DFB0EC2CB1981" box="[1119,1230,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Culoptila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the modification of the tegulae of males. The tegulae are moderately to greatly enlarged in most species and cover an extensible glandular structure, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B74FFD76F6D814DFB5EC2E71830" author="Mosely" box="[1071,1250,1265,1291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1954) The Protoptila group of the Glossosomatinae (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 3, 317 - 346." type="journal article" year="1954">Mosely (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
aptly described as being concertinalike. The length of this glandular structure varies among species and is difficult to compare directly, since it is only fortuitously expanded during the clearing of some specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A00FFD76F6D87EAFAC6C4FE18B8" box="[648,763,1385,1411]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 8" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[303,1285,326,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[303,1286,326,1762]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 8. Head, mesothorax, and tegular structures, dorsal. 4 — Culoptila hamata, new species. 5 — Culoptila thoracica (Ross). 6 — Culoptila aluca Mosely. 7 — Culoptila cantha (Ross). 8 — Culoptila moselyi Denning." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172767/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 4–8</figureCitation>
|
||
). In a few species, most especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD76F6D81FAFAC6C32F18B9" box="[1176,1322,1385,1410]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD76F6D81FAFAC6C32F18B9" box="[1176,1322,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. thoracica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A00FFD76F6D8473FA3EC7591890" box="[273,348,1425,1451]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 8" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[303,1285,326,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[303,1286,326,1762]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 8. Head, mesothorax, and tegular structures, dorsal. 4 — Culoptila hamata, new species. 5 — Culoptila thoracica (Ross). 6 — Culoptila aluca Mosely. 7 — Culoptila cantha (Ross). 8 — Culoptila moselyi Denning." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172767/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), the tegulae are so enlarged that they affect the shape of the thorax, which is consequently very narrowed anteriorly. Despite this, the possession of modified tegulae and associated glands is not completely diagnostic for the genus, since a few species either lack these structures, or they are minimally developed and inconspicuous. An additional character discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B74FFD76F6D877DF99EC4CA1B70" author="Mosely" box="[543,719,1585,1611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1954) The Protoptila group of the Glossosomatinae (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 3, 317 - 346." type="journal article" year="1954">Mosely (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD76F6D86CFF99EC2191B71" box="[941,1052,1585,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD76F6D86CFF99EC2191B71" box="[941,1052,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Culoptila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the structure of the ventral process of abdominal segment VI (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A00FFD76F6D8677F9F6C5741B48" box="[789,881,1625,1651]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 28" captionStartId="32.[264,383,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[316,1282,486,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[316,1282,486,1803]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 28. Male Genitalia. 27. Culoptila moselyi Denning: 27 A—lateral; 27 B—ventral. 28. Culoptila nahuatl Flint: 28 A—lateral; 28 B—ventral; 28 C—ventral process of sternum VI, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172776/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The process is short, rounded to subtruncate apically, and unusual in that the posterior margin is only narrowly attached to a sclerotized, diagonal apodeme (present on sternum VI of all protoptilines). The anterior part of the ventral process sits in a small depression, so that it is not immediately apparent that the process is only narrowly attached, and thus it is not actually as peculiar appearing as in the diagrammatic illustrations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B74FFD76F6D87A9F88EC5791A00" author="Mosely" box="[715,892,1825,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1954) The Protoptila group of the Glossosomatinae (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 3, 317 - 346." type="journal article" year="1954">Mosely (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A660DFFD66F6C846AF957C4521A67" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172767/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[303,1285,326,1762]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA3685FFD66F6C846AF957C4521A67" blockId="7.[264,1323,1784,1884]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD66F6C846AF957C7BC1A2B" bold="true" box="[264,441,1784,1808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURES 4–8.</emphasis>
|
||
Head, mesothorax, and tegular structures, dorsal. 4—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD66F6C814AF956C2EF1A2B" box="[1064,1258,1785,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD66F6C814AF956C2EF1A2B" box="[1064,1258,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Culoptila hamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257ECFFD66F6C819CF956C75C1A0E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. 5—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD66F6C84EFF8B1C4B61A0E" authority="Ross" authorityName="Ross" box="[397,691,1822,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD66F6C84EFF8B1C4651A0E" box="[397,608,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Culoptila thoracica</emphasis>
|
||
(Ross)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 6—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD66F6C8785F8B1C5EA1A0E" authority="Mosely." authorityName="Mosely." box="[743,1007,1822,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD66F6C8785F8B1C5951A0E" box="[743,912,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Culoptila aluca</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
7—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD66F6C817DF8B1C3221A0E" authority="Ross" authorityName="Ross" box="[1055,1319,1822,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD66F6C817DF8B1C2D11A0E" box="[1055,1236,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Culoptila cantha</emphasis>
|
||
(Ross)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 8—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD66F6C8452F8EAC4521A67" authority="Denning." authorityName="Denning." box="[304,599,1861,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moselyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD66F6C8452F8EAC7E81A67" box="[304,493,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Culoptila moselyi</emphasis>
|
||
Denning.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F650EFFD96F63845AFEB3C2911B95" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA3685FFD96F63845AFEB3C7A1187D" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD96F63845AFEB3C7A21C0E" ID-CoL="3XB2" box="[312,423,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD96F63845AFEB3C7A21C0E" box="[312,423,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Culoptila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is further characterized by the male genitalia. A distinctive character is the apparent absence of a sternum IX. In a few species it is obvious that the ventral part of tergum IX is reduced to a very narrow, membranous band that subtends the phallobase. Probably, this occurs in all species, even when the membranous connection is not obvious. A similar reduction of the sternum occurs in the Antillean genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD96F638117FE13C3261CEE" ID-CoL="3GH4" box="[1141,1315,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Campsiophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD96F638117FE13C3261CEE" box="[1141,1315,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Campsiophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD96F63846AFE4BC7941CC6" ID-CoL="3HJF" box="[264,401,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Cariboptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD96F63846AFE4BC7941CC6" box="[264,401,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cariboptila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD96F638482FE4BC4761CC6" ID-CoL="6329N" box="[480,627,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Cubanoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD96F638482FE4BC4761CC6" box="[480,627,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cubanoptila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and also occurs in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD96F63816AFE4BC7DC1F1D" ID-CoL="7XGZ" authority="Robertson & Holzenthal 2005" authorityName="Robertson & Holzenthal" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Tolhuaca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD96F63816AFE4BC2711CC6" box="[1032,1140,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tolhuaca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B74FFD96F6381E8FE4BC7D51F1D" author="Robertson" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Robertson, D. R. & Holzenthal, R. W. (2005) The Neotropical caddisfly genus Tolhuaca (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae). Zootaxa, 1063, 53 - 68." type="journal article" year="2005">Robertson & Holzenthal 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD96F638788FDA3C55C1F1E" ID-CoL="3XB2" box="[746,857,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD96F638788FDA3C55C1F1E" box="[746,857,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Culoptila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a projecting tergum X with a pair of ventrolateral processes. Tergum X varies greatly in length and shape among the different species and is often nearly diagnostic in and of itself. Perhaps the most unusual and diagnostic structure of the genitalia is the phallobase, which consists of a large inflated bag, open posteriorly, often nearly membranous in appearance, with a more or less rounded opening on the anterior or anteroventral margin through which the sperm duct probably enters the chamber. On its ventral surface is a pair of reduced inferior appendages, which are fused to the structure (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD96F638693FC8BC2C71E06" ID-CoL="32DPQ" box="[1009,1218,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD96F638693FC8BC2C71E06" box="[1009,1218,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Culoptila cantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD96F638072FC8BC7AC1E5E" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plummerensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD96F638072FC8BC7AC1E5E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. plummerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257ECFFD96F6384D8FCE3C7F81E5D" box="[442,509,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
). It is notable that neither
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B74FFD96F638659FCE3C5CE1E5D" author="Ross" box="[827,971,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Ross, H. H. (1938) Descriptions of Nearctic caddis flies (Trichoptera). Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 21, 101 - 183." type="journal article" year="1938">Ross (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
nor
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B74FFD96F638166FCE3C2C51E5D" author="Denning" box="[1028,1216,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" refString="Denning, D. G. (1965) New Trichoptera from United States and Mexico. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 41. 262 - 272." type="journal article" year="1965">Denning (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
chose to illustrate the inflated phallobase as part of the genitalia, although it was discussed in their species descriptions. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B74FFD96F638718FC33C52D1E8D" author="Mosely" box="[634,808,924,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1954) The Protoptila group of the Glossosomatinae (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 3, 317 - 346." type="journal article" year="1954">Mosely (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
clearly illustrated the structure, he also did not consider it part of the phallic apparatus, but instead referred to the 2 internal spines as the “penis and penis sheath.” In some species only a single internal spine is found. The phallobase has a sclerotized, extending, posterodorsal apex, varying in shape, length, and the angularity of its inflection among the different species. The phallobase also often has a narrow sclerotized ridge running along the dorsal and ventral margins, which helps to give the overall structure a defined shape and size. This sclerotized ridge is more noticeable in some species (and probably also some specimens) than in others, and appears to be absent in some species. In dorsal or ventral views the phallobase of some species, particularly those with dorsal and ventral sclerotized ridges, shows varying degrees of lateral compression.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA3685FFD96F63845AFAFBC2911B95" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Another diagnostic feature of the phallic apparatus is an apical structure of variable sclerotization, which we have interpreted as the phallotremal sclerite. This fairly large structure is sometimes faintly sclerotized and difficult to see, or obscured by other structures. The overall structure is broadly tubular or troughlike, usually with 2 curved, fingerlike, more prominently sclerotized apicodorsal projections. Because the structures of the phallotremal sclerite are often difficult to see, they may not always be precisely and accurately rendered in the accompanying illustrations. Generally, these are not features that a person identifying
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD96F63872FF9C3C4B91BBE" ID-CoL="3XB2" box="[589,700,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD96F63872FF9C3C4B91BBE" box="[589,700,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Culoptila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely to focus on and, for most species, the phallotremal sclerite is not discussed in the species diagnoses or descriptions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F650EFFD96F61845AF913C41E1CED" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA3685FFD96F62845AF913C7FD1FD5" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1324,284,750]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Adult. Forewing length 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B60FFD96F6387F0F913C4F71BED" box="[658,754,1724,1750]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, females slightly larger than males. Coloration from pale to dark brown, appendages usually paler. Anastomosis of forewing complete and nearly linear, usually marked by pale venation, sometimes with overlying whitish band of setae, or a whitish setal spot at the arculus. Forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A00FFD96F63869DF89BC2431A75" box="[1023,1094,1844,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[279,1305,796,1311]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[279,1307,794,1320]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Culoptila hamata, new species, wings. 9 A—forewing; 9 B—hind wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172768/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A) with forks I–IV present, fork V absent; fork II sessile or petiolate; Cu1 incomplete, not reaching wing margin; Cu2 thickened, with row of stiff setae; 3A apparently absent (or possibly weakly developed).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3427615FFD86F6284F8FEC3C7D01CBD" box="[410,469,364,390]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A00FFD86F628748FEC3C4771CBD" box="[554,626,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[279,1305,796,1311]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[279,1307,794,1320]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Culoptila hamata, new species, wings. 9 A—forewing; 9 B—hind wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172768/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B) with only forks II and III present; crossveins absent (or possibly very weakly developed). Tegulae of males usually enlarged (minimally or not modified in some species) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A00FFD86F628734FE13C4C51CED" box="[598,704,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 8" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[303,1285,326,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[303,1286,326,1762]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 8. Head, mesothorax, and tegular structures, dorsal. 4 — Culoptila hamata, new species. 5 — Culoptila thoracica (Ross). 6 — Culoptila aluca Mosely. 7 — Culoptila cantha (Ross). 8 — Culoptila moselyi Denning." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172767/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs.4–8</figureCitation>
|
||
), either flattened or inflated and rounded; ventrally with glandular structure of variable development, often elongate and concertinalike. Mesothorax unmodified or narrowed anteriorly (in species with greatly enlarged tegulae). Mesoscutum short and heartshaped, or elongate and narrowed anteriorly (in species with greatly enlarged tegulae); scutellar warts small, ovoid, contiguous with mesoscutellum. Sternum VI of both males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A00FFD86F62872CFD2BC4981FA5" box="[590,669,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 28" captionStartId="32.[264,383,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[316,1282,486,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[316,1282,486,1803]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 28. Male Genitalia. 27. Culoptila moselyi Denning: 27 A—lateral; 27 B—ventral. 28. Culoptila nahuatl Flint: 28 A—lateral; 28 B—ventral; 28 C—ventral process of sternum VI, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172776/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 28</figureCitation>
|
||
C) and females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A00FFD86F628603FD2BC5B31FA5" box="[865,950,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 16" captionStartId="17.[264,383,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[358,1233,398,1379]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[358,1235,398,1379]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 16. Culoptila bidentata, new species. 15. Male genitalia: 15 A—lateral; 15 Bventral. 16. Female genitalia: 16 A—lateral; 16 B—ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172771/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
A) with short, apically rounded or subtruncate ventral process; process only narrowly attached posteriorly to sclerotized segmental apodeme.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A660DFFD86F62846AFAFEC28F1853" box="[264,1162,1361,1385]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172768/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[279,1305,796,1311]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA3685FFD86F62846AFAFEC28F1853" blockId="9.[264,1162,1361,1385]" box="[264,1162,1361,1385]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD86F62846AFAFEC78E1852" bold="true" box="[264,395,1361,1385]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD86F6284F3FAFEC4491853" box="[401,588,1361,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD86F6284F3FAFEC4491853" box="[401,588,1361,1384]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Culoptila hamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257ECFFD86F628738FAFEC4D81853" box="[602,733,1361,1384]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, wings. 9A—forewing; 9B—hind wing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA3685FFD86F62845AFA39C2B71A7B" blockId="9.[264,1324,1430,1896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A00FFD86F628492FA39C440188B" box="[496,581,1430,1456]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[330,1262,326,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[330,1263,326,1775]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Male genitalia. 10. Culoptila acaena BuenoSoria & SantiagoFragoso: 10 Alateral; 10 B—ventral. 11. Culoptila aluca Mosely: 11 A—lateral; 11 B—ventral. 12. Culoptila amberia Mosely—lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172769/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergum IX with ventral margin usually rounded, occasionally acutely narrowed; sternum IX absent. Tergum X with apex variably developed, acute, truncate, or incised mesally; apicolaterally with sclerotized processes; processes setose, usually mesally curved apically. Preanal appendages absent. Inferior appendages fused to ventral surface of phallobase, usually short and linear, sometimes more elongate and curved mesally, apparently absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD86F6287B6F9F0C54E1B43" box="[724,843,1631,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD86F6287B6F9F0C54E1B43" box="[724,843,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. cantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFD86F6286ECF9F0C2521B43" box="[910,1111,1631,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plummerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFD86F6286ECF9F0C2521B43" box="[910,1111,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. plummerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Phallobase very large and rounded, weakly sclerotized (apparently membranous), with small rounded aperture in anterior or anteroventral margin; posterodorsally with sclerotized, projecting apex of variable development. Phallic spines 1 or 2, of variable length and development. Phallotremal sclerite fairly large, but often weakly sclerotized and inconspicuous, usually with more conspicuously sclerotized, paired, fingerlike posterodorsal processes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA3685FFD86F61845AF8E1C41E1CED" blockId="9.[264,1324,1430,1896]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1323,284,470]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Female genitalia. (Females unknown for many species). Segment VIII usually short and synscleritous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A00FFDB6F618484FEB3C4391C0D" box="[486,572,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 16" captionStartId="17.[264,383,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[358,1233,398,1379]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[358,1235,398,1379]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 16. Culoptila bidentata, new species. 15. Male genitalia: 15 A—lateral; 15 Bventral. 16. Female genitalia: 16 A—lateral; 16 B—ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172771/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B), deeply incised midlaterally on posterior margin. Tergum IX short, with pair of elongate, narrow apical cerci; sternum IX very short. Vaginal apparatus with distinctive, elongate, sclerotized, keyhole sclerite. Extraordinarily, as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A00FFDB6F61846AFE3BC76B1C95" box="[264,366,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 23" captionStartId="26.[264,382,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[351,1243,958,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[351,1243,958,1826]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 23. Culoptila hamata, new species. 22. Male genitalia: 22 A—lateral; 22 B—ventral. 23. Female genitalia: 23 A—lateral; 23 B—ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172774/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D06FFDB6F6184A1FE3BC4411C96" box="[451,580,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" genus="Culoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EA97FFDB6F6184A1FE3BC4411C96" box="[451,580,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. hamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with segment VIII not synscleritous and with tergum IX narrowed and elongate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |