treatments-xml/data/EC/1E/BD/EC1EBD5BFFD18A3CFF7CF326FF5DED5A.xml

<document id="D2FE12C90ADDECC941BC7977E5771137" ID-CLB-Dataset="6011" ID-DOI="10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.special-issue.05" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c9048ca3-b344-4368-9c14-2345c708063a" ID-ISSN="1807-0205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4614204" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615997840532" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Liu, Zhenhua, Ślipiński, Adam, Pang, Hong &amp; Guangzhou, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol." docDate="2020" docId="EC1EBD5BFFD18A3CFF7CF326FF5DED5A" docLanguage="en" docName="PapAvZool.60.special-issue.e202060.05.pdf" docOrigin="Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6844D5473582683DD13A9A75B001759F.4:PapAvZool.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="6844D5473582683DD13A9A75B001759F" docStyleName="PapAvZool.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Macrohyliota militaris" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="1027C523FFD08A38FFC9F63CFFACEE09" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of larval and pupal morphologies of Macrohyliota militaris (Erichson) (Silvanidae: Brontinae: Brontini)" masterLastPageNumber="7" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698933983407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0586BCB3A1CF3658DD10F995D390FDDB">Descriptions of larval and pupal morphologies of Macrohyliota militaris (Erichson) (Silvanidae: Brontinae: Brontini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D89B5FF7B6048ED18BE8AE66034066EC">Liu, Zhenhua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF7395AF70171F34A4403E6E450AE17F">Ślipiński, Adam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="182489DA19A2EF055FAEB69A95934B78">Pang, Hong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E4BAEE1DB86AFB6073793FBEF9FB5CB0">Guangzhou, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="EC1EBD5BFFD18A3CFF7CF326FF5DED5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4985471" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182958254" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4985471" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1EBD5BFFD18A3CFF7CF326FF5DED5A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC1EBD5BFFD18A3CFF7CF326FF5DED5A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="2CAD5FC6FFD18A39FF7CF326FDDBEB3A" box="[181,631,1306,1331]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD18A39FF7CF326FDDBEB3A" blockId="1.[181,631,1210,1331]" box="[181,631,1306,1331]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="A3B777CEFFD18A39FF7CF326FDDBEB3A" authority="(Erichson, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[181,631,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Macrohyliota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD18A39FF7CF326FDDBEB3A" bold="true" box="[181,631,1306,1331]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD18A39FF7CF326FE1FEB3A" bold="true" box="[181,435,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Macrohyliota militaris</emphasis>
(Erichson, 1842)
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<subSubSection id="2CAD5FC6FFD18A3AFFB3F366FDFDEFBA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD18A39FFB3F366FD1EEB7A" blockId="1.[122,690,1370,1395]" box="[122,690,1370,1395]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD18A39FFB3F366FD1EEB7A" bold="true" box="[122,690,1370,1395]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Descriptions of Larvae and Pupae Morphologies</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<subSection id="0D3815A6FFD18A3AFF96F3A6FDFDEFBA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD18A39FF96F3A6FE08EBBA" blockId="1.[95,420,1434,1459]" box="[95,420,1434,1459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="3F40BB21FFD18A39FF96F3A6FE08EBBA" box="[95,420,1434,1459]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="5">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD18A39FF96F3A6FE08EBBA" bold="true" box="[95,420,1434,1459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Larva (last instar) (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD18A39FEF1F3A6FE30EBBA" box="[312,412,1434,1459]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStartId-0="2.[170,229,2074,2099]" captionStartId-1="3.[96,155,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox-0="[217,1452,570,2036]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1377,810,2036]" captionTargetId-0="figure-141@2.[208,1455,565,2044]" captionTargetId-1="figure-300@3.[132,1379,797,2044]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="Figure 1. Larva of Macrohyliota militaris (Erichson).(A) Habitus,dorsal, (B) habitus,ventral,(C) spiracle shown in red arrow,(D) head,dorsal, frontal arms showed by black lines,(E)head,ventral.Scale bars:1 mm in A and B, 0.1 mm in C,0.5 mm in D and E." captionText-1="Figure 2. Larva of Macrohyliotamilitaris (Erichson).(A) Abdomen,terminal segments,dorsal view,(B) right antenna,(C) left leg,(D) right maxilla,ventral (E) labium,ventral (F) left mandible indorsal view,rightmandible in ventral view.Scale bars:0.5 min A-C,0.2 mm in D-F." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614206" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614209" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4614206/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4614209/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD18A39FF4DF3E6FEEBE83A" blockId="1.[95,719,1498,2131]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Length 
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, head width about 
<quantity id="A34FA1A8FFD18A39FDFBF3E6FD26EBFA" box="[562,650,1498,1523]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
. Body distinctly flattened and slender; lateral margins nearly parallel (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD18A39FF75F026FE97E83A" box="[188,315,1562,1587]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[170,229,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[217,1452,570,2036]" captionTargetId="figure-141@2.[208,1455,565,2044]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Larva of Macrohyliota militaris (Erichson).(A) Habitus,dorsal, (B) habitus,ventral,(C) spiracle shown in red arrow,(D) head,dorsal, frontal arms showed by black lines,(E)head,ventral.Scale bars:1 mm in A and B, 0.1 mm in C,0.5 mm in D and E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614206/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1A, 1B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD18A39FF4DF006FAE9EA3A" blockId="1.[95,719,1498,2131]" lastBlockId="1.[794,1419,218,2131]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Head transverse with 5 stemmata in one group on each side; frontal arms U-shaped and complete, epicranial stem very short (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD18A39FEE4F046FED5E89A" box="[301,377,1658,1683]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[170,229,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[217,1452,570,2036]" captionTargetId="figure-141@2.[208,1455,565,2044]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Larva of Macrohyliota militaris (Erichson).(A) Habitus,dorsal, (B) habitus,ventral,(C) spiracle shown in red arrow,(D) head,dorsal, frontal arms showed by black lines,(E)head,ventral.Scale bars:1 mm in A and B, 0.1 mm in C,0.5 mm in D and E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614206/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Dorsal surface with two moderately long setae near each antennal insertion, a pair of long lateral setae on anterior area and three pairs near posterolateral edge, otherwise surfaces covered with several pairs of shorter setae. Ventral side (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD18A39FDF1F0C6FD2EE91A" box="[568,642,1786,1811]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[170,229,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[217,1452,570,2036]" captionTargetId="figure-141@2.[208,1455,565,2044]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Larva of Macrohyliota militaris (Erichson).(A) Habitus,dorsal, (B) habitus,ventral,(C) spiracle shown in red arrow,(D) head,dorsal, frontal arms showed by black lines,(E)head,ventral.Scale bars:1 mm in A and B, 0.1 mm in C,0.5 mm in D and E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614206/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
): gular sutures widely separated, divergent both anteriorly and posteriorly; hypostomal rods distinct and long, diverging posteriorly; ventral surface with pair of long setae below antennal insertion and several pairs of short setae. Clypeus trapezoid, fused with frons, bearing a pair of moderately long setae on anterior area and several pairs of short setae near apex. Labrum transverse with rounded apical margin, covered with short setae. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD18A39FFACFE26FF19E63A" box="[101,181,2074,2099]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[96,155,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[136,1377,810,2036]" captionTargetId="figure-300@3.[132,1379,797,2044]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Larva of Macrohyliotamilitaris (Erichson).(A) Abdomen,terminal segments,dorsal view,(B) right antenna,(C) left leg,(D) right maxilla,ventral (E) labium,ventral (F) left mandible indorsal view,rightmandible in ventral view.Scale bars:0.5 min A-C,0.2 mm in D-F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614209/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) elongate, slender, about 1.1 times as long as head width; scape relatively stout,with a long seta at mid length and some shorter and very short setae; pedicel about 1.4 times as long as scape, with short, conical sensorium and several long setae near apex and one near mid length, flagellum distinctly narrower than the basal segments. Mandible (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD18A39FBCEF766FBFDEF7A" box="[1031,1105,346,371]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[96,155,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[136,1377,810,2036]" captionTargetId="figure-300@3.[132,1379,797,2044]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Larva of Macrohyliotamilitaris (Erichson).(A) Abdomen,terminal segments,dorsal view,(B) right antenna,(C) left leg,(D) right maxilla,ventral (E) labium,ventral (F) left mandible indorsal view,rightmandible in ventral view.Scale bars:0.5 min A-C,0.2 mm in D-F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614209/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) triangular with broad basal area, apex bidentate, incisor area with two teeth on left mandible and one on right mandible; prostheca membranous, triangular and long, almost transparent; mola with asperities or small tubercles transversely arranged with a posterior and an anterior penicillus; ventral process sub-triangular with pointed apex. Ventral mouthparts deeply retracted. Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD18A39FBB3F406FB65EC5A" box="[1146,1225,570,595]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[96,155,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[136,1377,810,2036]" captionTargetId="figure-300@3.[132,1379,797,2044]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Larva of Macrohyliotamilitaris (Erichson).(A) Abdomen,terminal segments,dorsal view,(B) right antenna,(C) left leg,(D) right maxilla,ventral (E) labium,ventral (F) left mandible indorsal view,rightmandible in ventral view.Scale bars:0.5 min A-C,0.2 mm in D-F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614209/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
) with well-developed articulating area; cardo sub-triangular and transverse;stipes large with several distinct setae; mala falcate with inner edge acute, bearing 2-3 sclerotized unci and dense setae apically; palpifer distinct. Maxillary palps 3-segmented, covered with sparse setae: first palpomere stout, the second longer than first, terminal palpomere fusiform with rounded apex. Labium with submentum trapezoid, fused with gula at middle; mentum nearly quadrate, prementum transverse with distinct palpigers laterally; ligula broad with rounded apical margin, covered with dense short setae apically and several longer setae on surface. Labial palps (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD18A39FB40F586FB76EDDA" box="[1161,1242,954,979]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[96,155,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[136,1377,810,2036]" captionTargetId="figure-300@3.[132,1379,797,2044]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Larva of Macrohyliotamilitaris (Erichson).(A) Abdomen,terminal segments,dorsal view,(B) right antenna,(C) left leg,(D) right maxilla,ventral (E) labium,ventral (F) left mandible indorsal view,rightmandible in ventral view.Scale bars:0.5 min A-C,0.2 mm in D-F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614209/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
) two-segmented with the first segment stout, the second palpomere nearly 1.7 times as long as the first one, apex rounded. Hypopharyngeal sclerome forming transverse bar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD18A3AFC89F206FDFDEFBA" blockId="1.[794,1419,218,2131]" lastBlockId="2.[170,795,218,435]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Tergites of thorax simple, without distinct sclerites or tubercles; integument with very fine asperities laterally, visible under high magnification only. Prothorax sub-trapezoid, widest apically, dorsum with two pairs of setae anterolaterally and one posterolaterally; venter with pair of relatively long setae anteriorly adjacent to procoxae and several short setae. Meso- and metathorax sub-rectangular with lateral margins slightly curved, widest at about middle. Mesothorax with three pairs of distinct lateral setae; metathorax with two pairs of setae on dorsum; ventral side of each segment with pair of long setae anterolaterally and several shorter setae. Thoracic spiracle annular, located between pro- and mesothorax.Coxae separated by more than two coxal diameters (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD18A39FC97F3C6FC05E81A" box="[862,937,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[170,229,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[217,1452,570,2036]" captionTargetId="figure-141@2.[208,1455,565,2044]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Larva of Macrohyliota militaris (Erichson).(A) Habitus,dorsal, (B) habitus,ventral,(C) spiracle shown in red arrow,(D) head,dorsal, frontal arms showed by black lines,(E)head,ventral.Scale bars:1 mm in A and B, 0.1 mm in C,0.5 mm in D and E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614206/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Legs (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD18A39FC35F3C6FBE6E81A" box="[1020,1098,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[96,155,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[136,1377,810,2036]" captionTargetId="figure-300@3.[132,1379,797,2044]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Larva of Macrohyliotamilitaris (Erichson).(A) Abdomen,terminal segments,dorsal view,(B) right antenna,(C) left leg,(D) right maxilla,ventral (E) labium,ventral (F) left mandible indorsal view,rightmandible in ventral view.Scale bars:0.5 min A-C,0.2 mm in D-F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614209/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
) elongate; trochanter subtriangular and stout with several short setae; femur about 2.4 times as long as wide, covered with several distinct setae and some sparse and short setae; tibiotarsus slender, about 6.2 times as long as wide and 1.3 times as long as femur, covered with short setae along inner edge; pretarsal claw simple. Abdomen 10 segmented; ratio of segments lengths I-VIII as 1.0: 1.3: 1.5: 1.6: 1.6: 1.5: 1.3: 0.9. The first segment short, trapezoid, widest posteriorly, bearing pair of long setae posterolaterally; abdominal segments II-VIII each with a pair of long lateral hairs that are exfoliate. Segments II-VII with lateral margin slightly convex, with 3 pairs of distinct lateral setae; mediotergites with pair of long setae posterolaterally and pair of short setae anteriorly; each sternite with pair of long setae posterolaterally. Segment VIII distinctly narrower and shorter than VII, lateral margins almost parallel with pair of distinct posterolateral projections, extending posteriorly and bearing a long seta. Urogomphi (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD18A39FB30FE06FAE4E65A" box="[1273,1352,2106,2131]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[96,155,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[136,1377,810,2036]" captionTargetId="figure-300@3.[132,1379,797,2044]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Larva of Macrohyliotamilitaris (Erichson).(A) Abdomen,terminal segments,dorsal view,(B) right antenna,(C) left leg,(D) right maxilla,ventral (E) labium,ventral (F) left mandible indorsal view,rightmandible in ventral view.Scale bars:0.5 min A-C,0.2 mm in D-F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614209/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) long and U-shaped, strongly bifurcate with sharp apex, gradually diverging posteriorly, each side with two setae underneath at about middle. Terminal segment posteriorly oriented, forming sub-cylindrical pygopod, with anal opening apically. Spiracles annular with distinctly crenulate peritreme (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD28A3AFEA1F746FE1AEF9A" box="[360,438,378,403]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[170,229,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[217,1452,570,2036]" captionTargetId="figure-141@2.[208,1455,565,2044]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Larva of Macrohyliota militaris (Erichson).(A) Habitus,dorsal, (B) habitus,ventral,(C) spiracle shown in red arrow,(D) head,dorsal, frontal arms showed by black lines,(E)head,ventral.Scale bars:1 mm in A and B, 0.1 mm in C,0.5 mm in D and E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614206/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
) on abdominal segments I-VIII, located on very short spiracular tubes.
</paragraph>
</subSection>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CAD5FC6FFD28A3AFF63F7E6FB2EEF1A" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD28A3AFF63F7E6FB2EEF1A" blockId="2.[170,793,474,531]" lastBlockId="2.[869,1492,218,275]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD28A3AFF63F7E6FEB4EFFA" bold="true" box="[170,280,474,499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Remarks:</emphasis>
The larva in a prepupa stage (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD28A3AFDA8F7E6FD00EFFA" box="[609,684,474,499]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[170,229,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[214,1448,1101,2076]" captionTargetId="figure-404@4.[208,1455,1096,2076]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Macrohyliotamilitaris (Erichson).(A) Adult,dorsal,(B) prepupa,dorsal.Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614211/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) is almost identical to the last instar larva, but with the stemmata almost invisible, and the setae on the pronotum almost fused with the pronotum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection id="0D3815A6FFD28A3CFCACF706FF5DED5A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="2CAD5FC6FFD28A3CFCACF706FD68EF3A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD28A3AFCACF706FC52EF5A" blockId="2.[869,1022,314,339]" box="[869,1022,314,339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="3F40BB21FFD28A3AFCACF706FC52EF5A" box="[869,1022,314,339]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="5">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD28A3AFCACF706FC52EF5A" bold="true" box="[869,1022,314,339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Pupa: (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD28A3AFC7FF706FC5AEF5A" box="[950,1014,314,339]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[94,153,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[139,1375,620,2071]" captionTargetId="figure-201@5.[132,1379,615,2076]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Habitusof Macrohyliota militaris(Erichson),pupa. (A)Ventral view,(B) dorsal view.Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD28A3AFC42F746FA60EC1A" blockId="2.[869,1494,378,531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Length 
<quantity id="A34FA1A8FFD28A3AFC16F746FB99EF9A" box="[991,1077,378,403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 mm</quantity>
. Colour of integument changing from initial khaki to rufous in latter stages preceding eclosion; colour changes are especially apparent on head, pronotum, antennae, elytra and legs. Abdomen with terminal segments surrounded by skin cast from last instar larva.
</paragraph>
<caption id="30C85CC5FFD28A3AFF63FE26FC31E65A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4614206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614206/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[170,229,2074,2099]" targetBox="[217,1452,570,2036]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD28A3AFF63FE26FC31E65A" blockId="2.[170,1493,2074,2131]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Figure 1. Larva of 
<taxonomicName id="A3B777CEFFD28A3AFE8FFE26FDE2E63A" authority="(Erichson)" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[326,590,2074,2099]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Macrohyliota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD28A3AFE8FFE26FE59E63A" bold="true" box="[326,501,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Macrohyliota militaris</emphasis>
(Erichson)
</taxonomicName>
.(A) Habitus,dorsal, (B) habitus,ventral,(C) spiracle shown in red arrow,(D) head,dorsal, frontal arms showed by black lines,(E)head,ventral.Scale bars:1 mm in A and B, 0.1 mm in C,0.5 mm in D and E.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD38A3BFF4DF6E6FDF8EC1A" blockId="3.[94,719,218,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Head (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD38A3BFF02F6E6FEB5EEFA" box="[203,281,218,243]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[94,153,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[139,1375,620,2071]" captionTargetId="figure-201@5.[132,1379,615,2076]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Habitusof Macrohyliota militaris(Erichson),pupa. (A)Ventral view,(B) dorsal view.Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614213/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) bent to ventral side, with a pair of protrusions around anterior margin in front of eyes, bearing distinct setae; frons with paired setae between eyes near antennal insertions. Eyes moderately large, with distinct facets. Antenna with scape slender and transverse, antennomeres 2-11 longer than wide, extending posteriorly along the lateral margin of abdomen, reaching to the ventral side of fourth abdominal ventrite; each segment with several distinct spine-shaped protrusions around the apex and several short setae near middle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD38A3BFF4DF426FB0DEC1A" blockId="3.[94,719,218,755]" lastBlockId="3.[794,1419,218,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Prothorax (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD38A3BFEC8F426FEFCEC3A" box="[257,336,538,563]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[94,153,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[139,1375,620,2071]" captionTargetId="figure-201@5.[132,1379,615,2076]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Habitusof Macrohyliota militaris(Erichson),pupa. (A)Ventral view,(B) dorsal view.Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614213/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) sub-quadrate with paired apical protrusions that are expanded apically, bearing a long seta on each side. Anterolateral area with pair of protrusions that are distinctly bifurcate apically,bearing two setae on each side. Lateral margins with two pairs of small and triangular protrusions anteriorly and two posteriorly, each protrusion bearing a long seta. Posterior area with pair of setae on dorsal side. Mesothorax transverse with long wing pads on dorsal side, sterna with moderately broad sternal process. Metathorax relatively large, also with long wing pads, sterna with distinct discrimen. Elytron on ventral side, covering parts of pterothorax, abdominal ventrites and hind legs; surface with weak grooves. Legs relatively long, with compact femora and tibiae transversely located, tarsi longitudinal; fore and mid femora with three distinct lateral setae while hind femora only have one on each side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD38A3CFCF6F426FD68EF3A" blockId="3.[794,1419,218,755]" lastBlockId="4.[170,794,218,307]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Abdomen with eight exposed tergites, tergite I-VII from transverse to sub-triangular, the last two segments concealed by skin of last instar larva; segments II-IV with short lateral protrusions bearing distinct setae,segments V-VII with longer transversely lateral setigerous protrusions, tergite VI also with pair of posterolateral setae. Ventral side with five exposed ventrites, ventrite 5 from transverse to sub-triangular as matured; the first two sternites absent, the last three sternites and urogomphi are concealed by the exuvium of last instar larva.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="30C85CC5FFD38A3BFFA9FE26FBAFE65A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4614209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614209/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[96,155,2074,2099]" targetBox="[136,1377,810,2036]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD38A3BFFA9FE26FBAFE65A" blockId="3.[94,1419,2074,2131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Figure 2. Larva of 
<taxonomicName id="A3B777CEFFD38A3BFF35FE26FDAFE63A" authority="(Erichson)" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[252,515,2074,2099]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Macrohyliota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD38A3BFF35FE26FE06E63A" bold="true" box="[252,426,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Macrohyliota militaris</emphasis>
(Erichson)
</taxonomicName>
.(A) Abdomen,terminal segments,dorsal view,(B) right antenna,(C) left leg,(D) right maxilla,ventral (E) labium,ventral (F) left mandible in dorsal view,right mandible in ventral view.Scale bars:0.5 m in A-C,0.2 mm in D-F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="2CAD5FC6FFD48A3CFF63F766FE82EC9A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD48A3CFF63F766FE82EC9A" blockId="4.[170,795,346,659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD48A3CFF63F766FEA0EF7A" bold="true" box="[170,268,346,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Biology:</emphasis>
Larvae and adults specimens were collected under bark of a dead 
<taxonomicName id="A3B777CEFFD48A3CFE07F746FDEDEF9A" box="[462,577,378,403]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD48A3CFE07F746FDEDEF9A" box="[462,577,378,403]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tree (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD48A3CFD4FF746FCBCEF9A" box="[646,784,378,403]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[170,229,1273,1298]" captionTargetBox="[170,794,204,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-654@6.[170,794,204,1243]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Habitats of Macrohyliota militaris (Erichson). (A) larva, (B) pupa, (C) adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614215/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 5A, 5C</figureCitation>
), moving quickly after being exposed. Larvae were observed in the lab grazing on spores and decaying bark. Dark tissues and spores were clearly visible in the esophagus and gut (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD48A3CFE29F7C6FD9CEC1A" box="[480,560,506,531]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[170,229,1273,1298]" captionTargetBox="[170,794,204,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-654@6.[170,794,204,1243]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Habitats of Macrohyliota militaris (Erichson). (A) larva, (B) pupa, (C) adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614215/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
), confirming that the larvae feed on the rotten tissues of dead 
<taxonomicName id="A3B777CEFFD48A3CFD6FF426FCB5EC3A" box="[678,793,538,563]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD48A3CFD6FF426FCB5EC3A" box="[678,793,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the fungi growing on it. Pupae were attached to the wood or bark substrate at the apex of abdomen (
<figureCitation id="FC8C10C8FFD48A3CFF1FF446FE8FEC9A" box="[214,291,634,659]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[170,229,1273,1298]" captionTargetBox="[170,794,204,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-654@6.[170,794,204,1243]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Habitats of Macrohyliota militaris (Erichson). (A) larva, (B) pupa, (C) adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4614215/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CAD5FC6FFD48A3CFF63F486FF5DED5A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="64080C4DFFD48A3CFF63F486FF5DED5A" blockId="4.[170,794,698,851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD48A3CFF63F486FE03ECDA" bold="true" box="[170,431,698,723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1CA04CDDFFD48A3CFE7EF486FDB7ECDA" box="[439,539,698,723]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
, ACT: 
<geoCoordinate id="01836A8AFFD48A3CFDA9F486FD1EECDA" box="[608,690,698,723]" degrees="35.27" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="555" value="-35.27">35.27°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="01836A8AFFD48A3CFD73F486FCB6ECDA" box="[698,794,698,723]" degrees="149.11" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="555" value="149.11">149.11°E</geoCoordinate>
Canberra,Black Mt. 
<date id="10092A8DFFD48A3CFE48F4E6FDADECFA" box="[385,513,730,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2017-05-20">20/05/2017</date>
Under bark of 
<taxonomicName id="A3B777CEFFD48A3CFD68F4E6FE97ED1A" authority=", Zhenhua Liu" authorityName="Zhenhua Liu" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56C3D05FFFD48A3CFD68F4E6FCB6ECFA" box="[673,794,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eucalyptus,</emphasis>
Zhenhua Liu
</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="72B1C7C4FFD48A3CFE84F4C6FE06ED1A" box="[333,426,762,787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
dissected; 
<specimenCount id="72B1C7C4FFD48A3CFDE6F4C6FDD2ED1A" box="[559,638,762,787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
mounted on card; 
<specimenCount id="72B1C7C4FFD48A3CFF21F526FE9AED3A" box="[232,310,794,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="72B1C7C4FFD48A3CFE89F526FE36ED3A" box="[320,410,794,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="72B1C7C4FFD48A3CFE1DF526FD8FED3A" box="[468,547,794,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
preserved in ethanol; ANIC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>