481 lines
75 KiB
XML
481 lines
75 KiB
XML
<document id="264E61A2790BD235D6B23D497ABCD24C" ID-CLB-Dataset="4198" ID-DOI="10.12782/specdiv.24.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a97936d-8db1-4aaa-99b2-140ea063540a" ID-ISSN="2189-7301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4584003" ID-ZooBank="8282F788-F3C7-4918-99D3-6C672BA8DE58" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614893510737" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Oya, Yuki & Kajihara, Hiroshi" docDate="2019" docId="DB431D4C616BE21E7AFD156DFAC7FA9D" docLanguage="en" docName="SpeciesDiversity.24.1.1-6.pdf" docOrigin="Species Diversity 24 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.24.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514.7:SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514" docStyleName="SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Phaenoplana kopepe Oya & Kajihara 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0DE867DA-6F73-44D0-87B6-02B18799814E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="277A6534616AE21A792F1313FF9FFF8D" masterDocTitle="A New Species of Phaenoplana (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Ogasawara Islands" masterLastPageNumber="6" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698932667766" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="986EF8FE023619F5AC8ACBF34072D355" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0E44832AA28D6E5C80E18FD85D61230D">
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<mods:title id="70604916443F98D79A0837B7F869165C">A New Species of Phaenoplana (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Ogasawara Islands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="6CF00E80C3DFB519852A6C0DD7379EEA" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D5CA847DE1FFB83A81E5521E23E26D71">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F9D24BB8C44ECCEC53EBDF23EB8C14BE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9DFEF5DA4CA85503D9ACA142681F70CA">Oya, Yuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B98B23ED3DA358EDFA29F638AC41D1AB">Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060 - 0810, Japan E-mail: yoya @ eis. hokudai. ac. jp & Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="402A15B1BD73EDF7D75901D03614EE43" type="email">yoya@eis.hokudai.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1425BC2F494CA453B5CC188C42696EE1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4507FA2220520A484ACCC1B1A300DBE5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9FABD4219157990B629D97C4D636A5D0">Kajihara, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F9A3A33BEB2632FB3E505C9B1CB7CE60">Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060 - 0810, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="77290799E1091DFC6173B9486C062029">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F6F4B54B408D21AEDE1D8E97E5D0FC0D">
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<mods:title id="C50569B700A939D12FE810FA410AE68A">Species Diversity</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3A08419FAECAA0FF3E1B07936936328E">
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<mods:date id="F6CF934039126CE549C2013368B6C5B3">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="36A3492F7F256B9D8999BD14FEBF5380">2019-01-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D8DF8F1E4D5C71CBBFD7F77BDCE44868">24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="296D261660A64BAB2C0A45F5C8AF9239" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="48BEEB5DB0CAED5255E2DFB8AFF58DAB">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="39E91CB193B54C20DEEAFED2612BEFBA">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="5FA6FDA119078E4B6E59B4BA02DD49DE">http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.24.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F68539C3D67864DF131B155CDD7A021F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="DB431D4C616BE21E7AFD156DFAC7FA9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5532503" ID-GBIF-Taxon="188509368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5532503" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0DE867DA-6F73-44D0-87B6-02B18799814E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB431D4C616BE21E7AFD156DFAC7FA9D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="1BF0FFD1616BE21B7AFD156DFB64F91B" box="[978,1275,1662,1686]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5355AC5A616BE21B7AFD156DFB64F91B" blockId="1.[978,1275,1662,1686]" box="[978,1275,1662,1686]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="081D1B36616BE21B7AFD156DFB64F91B" box="[978,1275,1662,1686]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616BE21B7AFD156DFB36F91B" authority="Oya & Kajihara, 2019" authorityName="Oya & Kajihara" authorityYear="2019" box="[978,1193,1662,1686]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kopepe" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="619E7048616BE21B7AFD156DFB36F91B" bold="true" box="[978,1193,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Phaenoplana kopepe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7AADCD33616BE21B7D80156CFB64F91B" box="[1199,1275,1663,1686]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1BF0FFD1616BE21B7D1B158CFB07F93A" box="[1076,1176,1695,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5355AC5A616BE21B7D1B158CFB07F93A" blockId="1.[1076,1176,1695,1719]" box="[1076,1176,1695,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="081D1B36616BE21B7D1B158CFB07F93A" box="[1076,1176,1695,1719]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
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(
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<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF616BE21B7D14158CFBE5F93A" box="[1083,1146,1695,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[157,188,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[483,1105,206,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-470@2.[482,1105,205,1108]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photographs taken in life and sketch of cerebral eyes. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, tentacles; D, distribution of cerebral eyespots. Abbreviations: fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct, ph, pharynx, sd; sperm duct, te; tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584012/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF616BE21B7DAC158CFB0FF93A" box="[1155,1168,1695,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[157,1430,205,1741]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">3</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="1BF0FFD1616BE21B7A6115F3FA9AF8F7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="5355AC5A616BE21B7A6115F3FA9AF8F7" blockId="1.[821,1432,1760,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="619E7048616BE21B7A6115F3FC5AF975" bold="true" box="[846,965,1760,1784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The new specific name is an indeclinable noun, taken from the
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<typeStatus id="8C5112F8616BE21B7D351412FBD9F894" box="[1050,1094,1793,1817]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
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locality, Kopepe Beach. According to a local anecdote,
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<emphasis id="619E7048616BE21B7D071431FBEFF8B4" box="[1064,1136,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Kopepe</emphasis>
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was the name of a man who came from the
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<collectingCountry id="2BFDECCA616BE21B7AFD1452FBF6F8D4" box="[978,1129,1857,1881]" name="Kiribati" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Gilbert Islands</collectingCountry>
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all the way across the Pacific to Chichijima island and lived near the beach.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1BF0FFD1616BE2187A611491FE6DFADC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5355AC5A616BE2187A611491FE6DFADC" blockId="1.[821,1432,1760,2077]" lastBlockId="2.[156,768,1272,2077]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="619E7048616BE21B7A611491FB80F817" bold="true" box="[846,1055,1922,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="E382A607616BE21B7D061490FAB2F791" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3358451302" collectingDate="2016-09-03" collectionCode="ICHUM" country="Japan" county="Ogasawara Islands" latitude="27.064444" location="Kopepe Beach" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="142.19223" municipality="Chichijima island" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCode="ICHUM 5343, 10" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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Two specimens:
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||
<typeStatus id="8C5112F8616BE21B7DF61491FAABF817" box="[1241,1332,1922,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCode id="034C0421616BE21B7C6D1490FCF7F836" collectionCode="ICHUM" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dk9x-54ca" name="Invertebrate Collection of the Hokkaido University Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">ICHUM 5343</specimenCode>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCode id="034C0421616BE21B7A5E14B0FC16F836" box="[881,905,1955,1979]" collectionCode="ICHUM" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dk9x-54ca" name="Invertebrate Collection of the Hokkaido University Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">10</specimenCode>
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||
slides (1 slide for whole mount of the anterior body and 9 slides for serial sagittal sections), intertidal,
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||
<location id="5635FA81616BE21B7C6514D7FCECF871" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB431D4C616BE21E7AFD156DFAC7FA9D:5635FA81616BE21B7C6514D7FCECF871" country="Japan" county="Ogasawara Islands" latitude="27.064444" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="142.19223" municipality="Chichijima island" name="Kopepe Beach" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Kopepe Beach</location>
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||
(
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<geoCoordinate id="36DECA9D616BE21B7AA814F7FC60F871" box="[903,1023,2019,2044]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="15" seconds="52" value="27.064444">27°03′52″N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="36DECA9D616BE21B7D3E14F7FB0FF871" box="[1041,1168,2019,2044]" degrees="142" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="15" seconds="32" value="142.19223">142°11′32″E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="B3313620616BE21B7D8514F7FAF9F871" box="[1194,1382,2020,2044]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chichijima island</collectingMunicipality>
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, the
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<collectingCounty id="BA34D4D6616BE21B7A1A1B16FC68F790" box="[821,1015,2053,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Ogasawara Islands</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="2BFDECCA616BE21B7D2A1B16FBDFF791" box="[1029,1088,2053,2076]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<date id="27548A9A616BE21B7D611B16FA90F790" box="[1102,1295,2053,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2016-09-03">
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||
<collectingDate id="37107372616BE21B7D611B16FA90F790" box="[1102,1295,2053,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2016-09-03">3 September 2016</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, Y
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="E382A607616BE21B7C021B16FA0FF790" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3358451303" box="[1325,1424,2053,2077]" collectingDate="2016-09-03" collectionCode="ICHUM" collectorName="Oya" country="Japan" county="Ogasawara Islands" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="27.064444" location="Kopepe Beach" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="142.19223" municipality="Chichijima island" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
.
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||
<collectorName id="FE1FC98C616BE21B7C151B16FAFBF790" box="[1338,1380,2053,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Oya</collectorName>
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||
leg
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="E382A607616BE2187CBF1B16FE71FADC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3358451301" collectionCode="ICHUM" country="Japan" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCode="ICHUM 5344, 5" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
.;
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C5112F86168E21879B317EBFF69FA9D" box="[156,246,1272,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="034C04216168E218782C17EBFE0AFA9D" box="[259,405,1272,1296]" collectionCode="ICHUM" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dk9x-54ca" name="Invertebrate Collection of the Hokkaido University Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ICHUM 5344</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="034C04216168E218788E17EBFE32FA9D" box="[417,429,1272,1296]" collectionCode="ICHUM" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dk9x-54ca" name="Invertebrate Collection of the Hokkaido University Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5</specimenCode>
|
||
slides (1 slide for whole mount of the anterior body and 4 slides for serial sagittal sections), collected along with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C5112F86168E21878BD162AFE71FADC" box="[402,494,1337,1361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="0795FCD26168E21879B21768FE0CFB44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4584012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584012/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[157,188,1147,1169]" targetBox="[483,1105,206,1108]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="5355AC5A6168E21879B21768FE0CFB44" blockId="2.[156,1432,1147,1225]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Fig. 2.
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||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D96168E21879DF1768FE38FB1D" authority="Oya & Kajihara, 2019" authorityName="Oya & Kajihara" authorityYear="2019" box="[240,423,1147,1168]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kopepe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E70486168E21879DF1768FE38FB1D" box="[240,423,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phaenoplana kopepe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7AADCD336168E21878831768FE6DFB1D" box="[428,498,1147,1168]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
, ICHUM5343 (holotype), photographs taken in life and sketch of cerebral eyes. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, tentacles; D, distribution of cerebral eyespots. Abbreviations: fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct, ph, pharynx, sd; sperm duct, te; tentacle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BF0FFD16168E21E799A164AFDE6FCC5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5355AC5A6168E218799A164AFA17FAFF" blockId="2.[156,768,1272,2077]" lastBlockId="2.[820,1432,1272,2076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<emphasis id="619E70486168E218799A164AFEA6FAFC" bold="true" box="[181,313,1369,1393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Live specimens
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||
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(
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in
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C5112F86168E2187BF31649FF42FA1F" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) in length,
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E21878731669FE5FFA1F" box="[348,448,1402,1426]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="6.25" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.5">5.5–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E21878FD1669FD94FA1F" box="[466,523,1402,1426]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C5112F86168E2187B1B1669FD10FA1F" box="[564,655,1402,1426]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) in width. Body thin, elongate oval, narrow toward posterior end. Ground body color translucent to whitish opaque. General appearance of body light brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E21878D416CFFDF5FA79" box="[507,618,1500,1524]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[157,188,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[483,1105,206,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-470@2.[482,1105,205,1108]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photographs taken in life and sketch of cerebral eyes. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, tentacles; D, distribution of cerebral eyespots. Abbreviations: fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct, ph, pharynx, sd; sperm duct, te; tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584012/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal body tinged with light brown due to minute granules scattered over entire surface except around margin. Dorsal surface of body around pharynx brown. Body margin translucent. Pair of tentacles present at between one-fifth to one-sixth body length (
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E21879C5156DFEF9F91B" box="[234,358,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.45" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.4">3.4–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E218785E156DFE24F91B" box="[369,443,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C5112F86168E21878CF156DFDA6F91B" box="[480,569,1662,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) from anterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E218798C158CFF6CF93A" box="[163,243,1695,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[157,188,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[483,1105,206,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-470@2.[482,1105,205,1108]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photographs taken in life and sketch of cerebral eyes. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, tentacles; D, distribution of cerebral eyespots. Abbreviations: fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct, ph, pharynx, sd; sperm duct, te; tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584012/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
); each tentacle containing at least 30 eyespots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E2187BF8158CFF22F95A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[157,188,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[483,1105,206,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-470@2.[482,1105,205,1108]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photographs taken in life and sketch of cerebral eyes. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, tentacles; D, distribution of cerebral eyespots. Abbreviations: fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct, ph, pharynx, sd; sperm duct, te; tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584012/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerebral eye clusters arranged along median line and congregated anterior to tentacles, consisting of 29–44 eyespots (
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E21879F01412FE89F895" box="[223,278,1792,1817]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.366" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="in" value="29.0">29 in</quantity>
|
||
right cluster,
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E21878891412FE44F895" box="[422,475,1792,1817]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="in" value="30.0">30 in</quantity>
|
||
left cluster in
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C5112F86168E2187B5D1413FD52F895" box="[626,717,1792,1816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E2187BF61413FF21F8B4" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[157,188,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[483,1105,206,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-470@2.[482,1105,205,1108]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photographs taken in life and sketch of cerebral eyes. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, tentacles; D, distribution of cerebral eyespots. Abbreviations: fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct, ph, pharynx, sd; sperm duct, te; tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584012/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pharynx whitish, ruffled in shape, occupying twoninths to one-third of body length (
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E2187B031451FD0BF8D4" box="[556,660,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="5.35" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.7">3.7–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E2187B8A1451FD42F8D4" box="[677,733,1858,1881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C5112F86168E21879B31471FF66F8F7" box="[156,249,1890,1914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), located slightly anteriorly to center of body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E2187BF71471FF25F816" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[157,188,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[483,1105,206,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-470@2.[482,1105,205,1108]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photographs taken in life and sketch of cerebral eyes. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, tentacles; D, distribution of cerebral eyespots. Abbreviations: fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct, ph, pharynx, sd; sperm duct, te; tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584012/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mouth opening ventrally at near posterior end of pharyngeal cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E218781414B0FE14F836" box="[315,395,1955,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[157,1430,205,1741]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Intestine highly branched and not anastomosing, spreading throughout body except margin and brain region. Pair of whitish sperm ducts and oviducts visible through ventral body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E2187B201B16FDFFF790" box="[527,608,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[157,188,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[483,1105,206,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-470@2.[482,1105,205,1108]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photographs taken in life and sketch of cerebral eyes. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, tentacles; D, distribution of cerebral eyespots. Abbreviations: fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct, ph, pharynx, sd; sperm duct, te; tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584012/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male and female gonopores separate; male gonopore opening at about one-third of body length (
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E2187D79160BFB21FABD" box="[1110,1214,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="6.3" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.6">5.6–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E2187DE0160AFA98FABD" box="[1231,1287,1305,1328]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C5112F86168E2187C19160BFA0EFABD" box="[1334,1425,1304,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) from posterior end; female gonopore situated
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E2187C0E162AFA08FADD" box="[1313,1431,1337,1361]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E2187A141649FC18FAFC" box="[827,903,1370,1394]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C5112F86168E2187A87164AFB9CFAFC" box="[936,1027,1369,1393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) posterior to male gonopore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E2187C1F164AFAE3FAFF" box="[1328,1404,1369,1394]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[157,188,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[483,1105,206,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-470@2.[482,1105,205,1108]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photographs taken in life and sketch of cerebral eyes. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, tentacles; D, distribution of cerebral eyespots. Abbreviations: fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct, ph, pharynx, sd; sperm duct, te; tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584012/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5355AC5A6168E2197A611669FD30F836" blockId="2.[820,1432,1272,2076]" lastBlockId="3.[156,767,1955,2077]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Male copulatory apparatus located posteriorly to pharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E2187A131689FC10FA3E" box="[828,911,1434,1459]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[157,1430,205,1741]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), consisting of true seminal vesicle, interpolated prostatic vesicle, and penis rod (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E2187DA816A8FB6AFA5E" box="[1159,1269,1467,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[157,1430,205,1741]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pair of sperm ducts running anteriorly, then turning medially at point of about one-fifth length (
|
||
<quantity id="941201BF6168E2187D6416EFFB09F999" box="[1099,1174,1532,1556]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C5112F86168E2187DEF16EFFA84F999" box="[1216,1307,1532,1556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, not clearly visible in
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C5112F86168E2187AB3150EFC69F9B8" box="[924,1014,1565,1589]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
) of pharynx from posterior end, subsequently running posteriorly along both sides of pharynx and extending further posteriorly for short distance beyond level of posterior end of pharynx, before turning medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E2187A13158CFC19F93A" box="[828,902,1695,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[157,188,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[483,1105,206,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-470@2.[482,1105,205,1108]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photographs taken in life and sketch of cerebral eyes. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, tentacles; D, distribution of cerebral eyespots. Abbreviations: fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct, ph, pharynx, sd; sperm duct, te; tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584012/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) to enter separately proximal end of elongated ovate seminal vesicle. Seminal vesicle directing anteriorly and having strong muscular wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E2187D4E15F3FB32F975" box="[1121,1197,1760,1784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[157,1430,205,1741]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal end of seminal vesicle slender, running dorsally before connecting to prostatic vesicle. Prostatic vesicle oval-shaped, located dorsally above seminal vesicle, having thick muscular wall lined with smooth, thick epithelium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E2187D6E1471FB13F8F7" box="[1089,1164,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[157,1430,205,1741]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Canals of extra-vesicular gland penetrating prostatic vesicle wall. Distal end of prostatic vesicle forming elongated penis rod. Penis rod muscular, without stylet, projecting into cylindrical male atrium; ejaculatory duct passing through penis rod (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6168E2187DDB14F7FAC4F871" box="[1268,1371,2020,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[157,1430,205,1741]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lining epithelium of male atrium smooth. Prostatic vesicle and male atrium enclosed by muscle bulb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6169E2197B0F14B0FDC7F836" box="[544,600,1955,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[157,1430,205,1741]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B–D, F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0795FCD26169E21979B315E7FDA8F8F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" targetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="5355AC5A6169E21979B315E7FDA8F8F7" blockId="3.[156,1432,1780,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig. 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D96169E21979DF15E7FE38F884" authority="Oya & Kajihara, 2019" authorityName="Oya & Kajihara" authorityYear="2019" box="[240,423,1780,1801]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kopepe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E70486169E21979DF15E7FE38F884" box="[240,423,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Phaenoplana kopepe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7AADCD336169E219788215E6FE6CF887" box="[429,499,1781,1802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5355AC5A6169E21E799A14D7FDD2FE4F" blockId="3.[156,767,1955,2077]" lastBlockId="4.[156,767,198,1296]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Pair of oviducts commencing from level of anterior end of pharynx, running posteriorly, extending further posteriorly for short distance beyond level of posterior end of pharynx before curving medially and fusing with each other at midline to form common oviduct, which runs upward to enter vagina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF6169E2197A9014F7FBB6F871" box="[959,1065,2020,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[157,1430,205,1741]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). From this point, Lang’s duct, lined with ciliated epithelium, running posteriorly, then curving ventrally, and leading posteriorly to Lang’s vesicle. Lang’s vesicle horseshoe-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF616EE21E789F13F4FE61FF72" box="[432,510,231,255]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[157,1430,205,1741]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and lined with columnar cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF616EE21E782B1214FEC9FEAD" box="[260,342,263,288]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[157,1430,205,1741]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vagina lined with ciliated and smooth epithelium, curving antero-ventrally for short distance, then recurving postero-dorsally, then twisting again, eventually turning ventrally to exit at female gonopore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBD1B0DF616EE21E7BAC127AFD6BFE0C" box="[643,756,361,385]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[157,1430,205,1741]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Phaenoplana kopepe sp. nov., ICHUM5343 (holotype), photomicrographs of sagittal sections (A–D) and schematic diagrams (E, F). A, Pharynx and mouth; B, C, male copulatory apparatus; D and E, female copulatory apparatus; F, copulatory complex. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cov, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; exc, canal of extra-vesicular gland; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang’s duct; lv, Lang’s vesicle; m, mouth; ma, male atrium; mb, muscle bulb; mg, male gonopore; ov; oviduct; pc, pharyngeal cavity; ph, pharynx; pr, penis rod; pv, prostatic vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4584016/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lang’s duct and vagina surrounded by circular muscle fibers; vagina surrounded by cement glands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5355AC5A616EE21E799A12D9FDBFFD8E" blockId="4.[156,767,198,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E799A12D9FE93FE6F" bold="true" box="[181,268,458,482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Found intertidally on the undersurface of stones and dead corals along sheltered beach.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5355AC5A616EE21E799A1118FDE6FCC5" blockId="4.[156,767,198,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E799A1118FECCFDA9" bold="true" box="[181,339,523,548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sequence data.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E382A607616EE21E7875111FFD95FD08" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3358451304" accessionNumber="LC369778 and LC369779" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1">
|
||
The partial COI sequences (610 bp) from the two specimens (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="4CB931B9616EE21E7847113FFE4DFDC9" box="[360,466,556,580]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/LC369778" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">LC369778</accessionNumber>
|
||
and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="4CB931B9616EE21E7B28113FFDEFFDC9" box="[519,624,556,580]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/LC369779" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">LC369779</accessionNumber>
|
||
) almost coincide with each other except one synonymous substitution at the 3rd codon position (transition)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. At present, there is no stylochoplanid sequence entry in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases that are comparable to ours.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E382A607616EE21E7B1111BDFE57FCA5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3358451305" accessionNumber="MF371145" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1">
|
||
A 627-bp COI sequence from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E780A11DCFDC2FD6A" authority="(Lang, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Lang" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[293,605,719,743]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Comoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="agilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E780A11DCFE4CFD6A" box="[293,467,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Comoplana agilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Lang, 1884)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been registered (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="4CB931B9616EE21E79F211FCFED0FC8A" box="[221,335,751,775]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF371145" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MF371145</accessionNumber>
|
||
), but this region in the COI does not overlap with what we sequenced
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Our sequences represent the first
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E79E61023FED4FCC5" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[201,331,816,840]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E79E61023FED4FCC5" box="[201,331,816,840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phaenoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
entry in the public databases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BF0FFD1616EE21E799A1042FAC7FA9D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="5355AC5A616EE21E799A1042FE21FA9D" blockId="4.[156,767,198,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E799A1042FE86FCE4" bold="true" box="[181,281,849,873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Among the six species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7B1B1042FD29FCE4" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[564,694,849,873]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7B1B1042FD29FCE4" box="[564,694,849,873]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phaenoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7BEA1041FF56FC04" authorityName="Oya & Kajihara" authorityYear="2019" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kopepe">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7BEA1041FF56FC04" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. kopepe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E78151061FDD8FC07" authority="(Graff, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[314,583,881,906]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="challengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E78151061FE23FC04" box="[314,444,881,905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. challengeri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E78E51062FDA0FC07" author="Graff, L." box="[458,575,881,906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="189 - 219" refId="ref4091" refString="Graff, L. 1892. Pelagische Polycladen. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie 55: 189 - 219." type="journal article" year="1892">Graff, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7B551061FECDFC27" authority="(Schmarda, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="conoceraea">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7B551061FD60FC04" box="[634,767,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. conoceraea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E798C1081FED4FC27" author="Schmarda, L. K." box="[163,331,914,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref4712" refString="Schmarda, L. K. 1859. Neue wirbellose Thiere beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. Bd. I: Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 66 pp." type="book" year="1859">Schmarda, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They are from the Indo-Pacific, and share the following characters:
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E78B310A0FE3CFC47" box="[412,419,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">i</emphasis>
|
||
) a pair of tentacles are present,
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7BC610A0FD69FC47" box="[745,758,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ii</emphasis>
|
||
) the mouth opens near posterior end of the pharyngeal cavity, and
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E79C010E7FE9CFB86" box="[239,259,1012,1035]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">iii</emphasis>
|
||
) the Lang’s vesicle is horseshoe shaped (
|
||
<tableCitation id="1E6899E1616EE21E7B8B10E7FD6FFB81" box="[676,752,1012,1036]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[156,204,1346,1368]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of morphological characters between species of Phaenoplana." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0795FCD2616EE21E79B31651FC01FADA" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="0795FCD2616EE21E79B31651FC01FADA">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E79B31707FEF5FBA1" authorityName="Oya & Kajihara" authorityYear="2019" box="[156,362,1044,1068]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kopepe">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E79B31707FEF5FBA1" box="[156,362,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phaenoplana kopepe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E78DB1706FDE7FBA1" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[500,632,1044,1068]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="challengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E78DB1706FDE7FBA1" box="[500,632,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. challengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the shape of vagina (anteriorly curved in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E78CE1726FDA2FBC0" authorityName="Oya & Kajihara" authorityYear="2019" box="[481,573,1077,1101]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kopepe">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E78CE1726FDA2FBC0" box="[481,573,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. kopepe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; almost vertical in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E79B31745FEBDFBE0" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[156,290,1109,1133]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="challengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E79B31745FEBDFBE0" box="[156,290,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. challengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the distance between male and female gonopores (well separated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E78E31765FDB6FB03" authorityName="Oya & Kajihara" authorityYear="2019" box="[460,553,1142,1166]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kopepe">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E78E31765FDB6FB03" box="[460,553,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. kopepe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; close in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7BA21765FF28FB23" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="challengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7BA21765FF28FB23" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. challengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E781C1784FE27FB23" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[307,440,1175,1198]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="conoceraea">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E781C1784FE27FB23" box="[307,440,1175,1198]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. conoceraea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the length of the Lang’s duct (shorter than the length of vagina in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7B3117A4FDE4FB42" authorityName="Oya & Kajihara" authorityYear="2019" box="[542,635,1207,1231]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kopepe">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7B3117A4FDE4FB42" box="[542,635,1207,1231]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. kopepe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; longer than the length of vagina in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E78A517CBFD90FB62" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[394,527,1240,1263]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="conoceraea">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E78A517CBFD90FB62" box="[394,527,1240,1263]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. conoceraea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in addition to the two characters mentioned above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5355AC5A616EE21E7A6113D4FAC7FA9D" blockId="4.[820,1433,198,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Japanese polyclad fauna in warm-water areas, such as the Ogasawara Islands, requires further investigation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7C5413F4FC59FE92" author="Stimpson, W." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="375 - 384" refId="ref4754" refString="Stimpson, W. 1855. Descriptions of some of the new marine Invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese Seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 375 - 384." type="journal article" year="1855">Stimpson (1855</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7AFB1214FB99FE92" author="Stimpson, W." box="[980,1030,263,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="19 - 31" refId="ref4790" refString="Stimpson, W. 1857. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem a Republica Federata missa, Johanne Rodgers Duce, observavit et descripsit. Pars I, Turbellaria Dendrocoela. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9: 19 - 31." type="journal article" year="1857">1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described 18 polyclad species (seven acotyleans, nine cotyleans, and two with uncertain suborder affiliation) from the Amami and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="912E62B8616EE21E7DCC125BFAA1FEED" box="[1251,1342,328,352]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
Islands; however, 12 (including four acotylean species) of the 18 species are regarded to be of uncertain position (
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7C02129AFAA1FE2C" box="[1325,1342,393,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7C65129AFC17FE4F" author="Tyler, S. & Schilling, S. & Hooge, M. & Bush, L. F. & Comp" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref4955" refString="Tyler, S., Schilling, S., Hooge, M., and Bush, L. F. (Comp.) 2006 - 2016. Turbellarian taxonomic database, Version 1.7. Available at http: // turbellaria. umaine. edu (22 December 2017)." type="url" year="2006">
|
||
Tyler
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7CA91299FCD9FE4F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–2016) because details about the copulatory-organ anatomy are not known for these species. Since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7C1712D9FCEFFD8E" author="Stimpson, W." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="375 - 384" refId="ref4754" refString="Stimpson, W. 1855. Descriptions of some of the new marine Invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese Seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 375 - 384." type="journal article" year="1855">Stimpson (1855</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7A5412F8FC30FD8E" author="Stimpson, W." box="[891,943,491,515]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="19 - 31" refId="ref4790" refString="Stimpson, W. 1857. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem a Republica Federata missa, Johanne Rodgers Duce, observavit et descripsit. Pars I, Turbellaria Dendrocoela. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9: 19 - 31." type="journal article" year="1857">1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the fauna of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7D6C12F8FB27FD8E" box="[1091,1208,491,515]" class="Trepaxonemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Polycladida</taxonomicName>
|
||
in these regions were surveyed sporadically, with several species having been described and reported so far (
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7D76113EFBE5FDC9" box="[1113,1146,557,580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7DA9113FFA0CFDC9" author="Cannon, L. G. R. & Grygier, M. J." box="[1158,1427,556,580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="23 - 33" refId="ref3961" refString="Cannon, L. G. R. and Grygier, M. J. 1991. The turbellarian Notoplana comes n. sp. (Leptoplanidae: Acotylea: Polycladida) found with the intertidal brittlestar Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Ophiocomidae: Ophiuroidea) in Okinawa Japan. Galaxea 10: 23 - 33." type="journal article" year="1991">Cannon and Grygier 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7A1B115FFBA8FDE8" author="Okuno, J. & Aizawa, M." box="[820,1079,588,613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="91 - 94" refId="ref4327" refString="Okuno, J. and Aizawa, M. 2010. First record of Pseudoceros scintillatus Newman and Cannon, 1994 (Turbellaria: Polycladida) from Amami-oshima Island, central Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Biological Magazine Okinawa 48: 91 - 94. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2010">Okuno and Aizawa 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7D6C115FFAD9FDE8" author="Okuno, J. & Naruse, T." box="[1091,1350,588,613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="57 - 66" refId="ref4376" refString="Okuno, J. and Naruse, T. 2013. First records of five flatworms belonging to the genus Pseudoceros Lang (Turbellaria: Polycladida) from Japanese waters. Biological Magazine Okinawa 51: 57 - 66. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2013">Okuno and Naruse 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the Ogasawara Islands, nine named species and 3–6 undetermined ones have been reported (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7D8F119DFA8AFD2B" author="Bock, S." box="[1184,1301,654,678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref3867" refString="Bock, S. 1923. Boninia, a new polyclad genus from the Pacific. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Series IV 6: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1923">Bock 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7C0A119DFA0BFD2B" author="Kato, K." box="[1317,1428,654,678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="257 - 319" refId="ref4194" refString="Kato, K. 1944. Polycladida of Japan. Journal of Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo 1: 257 - 319." type="journal article" year="1944">Kato 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7A1B11BDFC27FD4B" author="Ooishi, S." box="[820,952,686,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="75 - 95" refId="ref4420" refString="Ooishi, S. 1970. Marine invertebrate fauna of the Ogasawara and Volcano Islands collected by S. Ooishi, Y. Tomida, K. Izawa and S. Manabe. Pp. 75 - 95, 25 pls. In: Toba Aquarium and Asahi Shinbun Publishing Company (Eds) Report on the Marine Biological Expedition to the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, 1968. Asahi Shinbun Publishing Company, Tokyo. [In Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1970">Ooishi 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7AE811BDFBC2FD4B" author="Akasaka, K." box="[967,1117,686,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref3824" refString="Akasaka, K. (Ed.) 2016. Umi no Kansatsu Gaido-Ogasawara no Seibutsu [Marine Observation Guide-Organisms in Ogasawara]. Misaki Marine Biological Station, The University of Tokyo, Miura, 91 pp. [In Japanese]" type="book" year="2016">Akasaka 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), of which five—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7C3511BCFC6CFD6A" authority="Bock, 1923" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="1923" family="Boniniidae" genus="Boninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7C3511BCFCEDFD6A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Boninia mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7A5311DCFC6CFD6A" author="Bock, S." box="[892,1011,719,743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref3867" refString="Bock, S. 1923. Boninia, a new polyclad genus from the Pacific. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Series IV 6: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1923">Bock, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7D2E11DCFA0BFD6B" authority="Stimpson, 1857" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[1025,1428,718,743]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Callioplanidae" genus="Callioplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7D2E11DCFB79FD6B" box="[1025,1254,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Callioplana marginata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7DDE11DCFA0BFD6B" author="Stimpson, W." box="[1265,1428,718,743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="19 - 31" refId="ref4790" refString="Stimpson, W. 1857. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem a Republica Federata missa, Johanne Rodgers Duce, observavit et descripsit. Pars I, Turbellaria Dendrocoela. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9: 19 - 31." type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7A1A11FCFB4DFC8A" authority="Collingwood, 1876" authorityName="Collingwood" authorityYear="1876" box="[821,1234,751,775]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pericelidae" genus="Pericelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="beyerleyana">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7A1A11FCFB9BFC8A" box="[821,1028,751,775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pericelis beyerleyana</emphasis>
|
||
Collingwood, 1876
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7DF111FCFB99FCA5" authority="Hyman, 1959" authorityName="Hyman" authorityYear="1959" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7DF111FCFCEBFCAA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudoceros ferrugineus</emphasis>
|
||
Hyman, 1959
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7D3E1003FAF9FCA5" authority="(Kato, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Kato" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1041,1382,784,808]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7D3E1003FB40FCAA" box="[1041,1247,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudobiceros gratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kato, 1937)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7A1A1023FC43FCC5" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[821,988,816,840]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Pseudocerotidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7D101023FB2FFCC5" author="Bock, S." box="[1087,1200,816,840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref3867" refString="Bock, S. 1923. Boninia, a new polyclad genus from the Pacific. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Series IV 6: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1923">Bock 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7D941023FAD6FCC5" author="Akasaka, K." box="[1211,1353,816,840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref3824" refString="Akasaka, K. (Ed.) 2016. Umi no Kansatsu Gaido-Ogasawara no Seibutsu [Marine Observation Guide-Organisms in Ogasawara]. Misaki Marine Biological Station, The University of Tokyo, Miura, 91 pp. [In Japanese]" type="book" year="2016">Akasaka 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)—have a conspicuous body color and/or shape, thus cannot be confused with other species. However, the rest of 5–8 species—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7A1A1081FB50FC27" authority="(Stimpson, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[821,1231,914,938]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Notoplanidae" genus="Notocomplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7A1A1081FB88FC27" box="[821,1047,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Notocomplana humilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7D0A1081FB57FC27" author="Stimpson, W." box="[1061,1224,914,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="19 - 31" refId="ref4790" refString="Stimpson, W. 1857. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem a Republica Federata missa, Johanne Rodgers Duce, observavit et descripsit. Pars I, Turbellaria Dendrocoela. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9: 19 - 31." type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7DF51081FB9FFC47" authority="(Stimpson, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Planocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7DF51081FCD6FC47" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Planocera reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7A7810A1FC66FC47" author="Stimpson, W." box="[855,1017,946,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="375 - 384" refId="ref4754" refString="Stimpson, W. 1855. Descriptions of some of the new marine Invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese Seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 375 - 384." type="journal article" year="1855">Stimpson, 1855</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7D2410A1FCF0FC66" authority="(Yeri and Kaburaki, 1918)" baseAuthorityName="Yeri and Kaburaki" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pleioplanidae" genus="Pleioplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="delicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7D2410A1FB57FC47" box="[1035,1224,946,970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pleioplana delicata</emphasis>
|
||
(Yeri and Kaburaki, 1918)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7A5310C0FAA8FC66" authority="(Schmarda, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[892,1335,979,1003]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oligoglena">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7A5310C0FBE8FC66" box="[892,1143,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paraplanocera oligoglena</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7DA910C0FAAFFC66" author="Schmarda, L. K." box="[1158,1328,979,1003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref4712" refString="Schmarda, L. K. 1859. Neue wirbellose Thiere beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. Bd. I: Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 66 pp." type="book" year="1859">Schmarda, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 1–4 unidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7A9310E0FBD4FB86" box="[956,1099,1011,1035]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7A9310E0FBD4FB86" box="[956,1099,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paraplanocera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7DBD10E7FA9DFB81" author="Kato, K." box="[1170,1282,1012,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="257 - 319" refId="ref4194" refString="Kato, K. 1944. Polycladida of Japan. Journal of Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo 1: 257 - 319." type="journal article" year="1944">Kato 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7C3E10E0FA0BFB81" author="Ooishi, S." box="[1297,1428,1011,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="75 - 95" refId="ref4420" refString="Ooishi, S. 1970. Marine invertebrate fauna of the Ogasawara and Volcano Islands collected by S. Ooishi, Y. Tomida, K. Izawa and S. Manabe. Pp. 75 - 95, 25 pls. In: Toba Aquarium and Asahi Shinbun Publishing Company (Eds) Report on the Marine Biological Expedition to the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, 1968. Asahi Shinbun Publishing Company, Tokyo. [In Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1970">Ooishi 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7A1A1707FC5BFBA1" author="Akasaka, K." box="[821,964,1044,1068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref3824" refString="Akasaka, K. (Ed.) 2016. Umi no Kansatsu Gaido-Ogasawara no Seibutsu [Marine Observation Guide-Organisms in Ogasawara]. Misaki Marine Biological Station, The University of Tokyo, Miura, 91 pp. [In Japanese]" type="book" year="2016">Akasaka 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)—are inconspicuous in external appearance. Of these inconspicuous species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7D511726FB78FBC1" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1150,1255,1076,1100]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Notoplanidae" genus="Notocomplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7D511726FB78FBC1" box="[1150,1255,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. humilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7C351727FA0DFBC1" baseAuthorityName="Yeri and Kaburaki" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[1306,1426,1076,1100]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pleioplanidae" genus="Pleioplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="delicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7C351727FA0DFBC1" box="[1306,1426,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ple. delicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7AB51746FB9AFBE0" authorityName="Oya & Kajihara" authorityYear="2019" box="[922,1029,1109,1133]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kopepe">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7AB51746FB9AFBE0" box="[922,1029,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ph. kopepe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, belong to Leptoplanoidea, and they all have a uniformly pale brown body. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94EAD7D9616EE21E7C071766FA08FB00" authorityName="Oya & Kajihara" authorityYear="2019" box="[1320,1431,1141,1165]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Phaenoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kopepe">
|
||
<emphasis id="619E7048616EE21E7C071766FA08FB00" box="[1320,1431,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ph. kopepe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might have been overlooked or confused with such inconspicuous species in the previous studies, given that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7C4717A4FCE8FB62" author="Kato, K." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="257 - 319" refId="ref4194" refString="Kato, K. 1944. Polycladida of Japan. Journal of Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo 1: 257 - 319." type="journal article" year="1944">Kato (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="377BD1AB616EE21E7A8117C4FBA3FB62" author="Ooishi, S." box="[942,1084,1239,1263]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="75 - 95" refId="ref4420" refString="Ooishi, S. 1970. Marine invertebrate fauna of the Ogasawara and Volcano Islands collected by S. Ooishi, Y. Tomida, K. Izawa and S. Manabe. Pp. 75 - 95, 25 pls. In: Toba Aquarium and Asahi Shinbun Publishing Company (Eds) Report on the Marine Biological Expedition to the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, 1968. Asahi Shinbun Publishing Company, Tokyo. [In Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1970">Ooishi (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not provide detailed internal morphology in terms of the material from Ogasawara.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |