406 lines
65 KiB
XML
406 lines
65 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F3026448995A21F525BE6FBBC9607236">Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography.</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="411D6743894045D08799CB36577088E0">Studia Entomologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="71294B282B7E0B7253D310FB44526CE7">1978</mods:date>
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<treatment id="8A68A8BE7BCA9737EAD899EB931CDC4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6284041" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100103639" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6284041" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A68A8BE7BCA9737EAD899EB931CDC4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A68A8BE7BCA9737EAD899EB931CDC4A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="555" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">
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<subSubSection id="42A7F926DE9C47AC07AB7383486A3D6F" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BA3FAA2E6AA55CCE23053F4AEC0E9756" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" type="mainText">
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<taxonomicName id="305ABDD08E97CE3653E469570D3610A4" ID-CoL="WNN" ID-ENA="269308" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="343204EB5005D06C921585F02699FB88" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6FEC131C707DBB449F039B1AF7D485A9" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" type="mainText">
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>
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<taxonomicName id="403F900E1079D75A0B273E560AAAE2B1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" authority="Mayr, 1861" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus Mayr, 1861</taxonomicName>
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, Die
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<normalizedToken id="75D2BA5AB12A43BD6F1EB8F1905183AC" originalValue="Europäischen" pageId="1" pageNumber="550">Europaeischen</normalizedToken>
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Formiciden, Wien, p. 53-54. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="E902D84396C8B43CCFE8E6DFE56BB850" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25260" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus ghilianii (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ghilianii">Anochetus ghilianii</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="88CFDE0011B084044E653182EDDED96A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133649" authority="Spinola, 1853" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus ghilianii Spinola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ghilianii">
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Odontomachus ghilianii
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<bibRefCitation id="9A3AEC89ACE98CB16ED3897313AFEDAB" author="Spinola, M." journalOrPublisher="Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino" pagination="19 - 94" part="13" refId="ref51651" refString="Spinola, M., 1853, Compte-rendu des Hymenopteres inedits provenant du voyage entomologique de M. Ghiliani dans le Para en 1846. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 13: 19 - 94." title="Compte-rendu des Hymenopteres inedits provenant du voyage entomologique de M. Ghiliani dans le Para en 1846" type="journal article" year="1853">Spinola, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, monobasic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="879CFB07AEDD5BAE744B28D3CC063A04" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" type="mainText">
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<taxonomicName id="8E1BB628610260B749C9B64225A6755A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24801" authority="Fabricius, 1805" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmecia Fabricius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Myrmecia
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<bibRefCitation id="81A01A55E9FF134EC3F15DEBBE8ECC62" author="Fabricius, J. C." journalOrPublisher="Braunschweig, C. Reichard" refId="ref48319" refString="Fabricius, J. C., 1805 (1804), Systema Piezatorum. Braunschweig, C. Reichard, 440 + 32 p." title="Systema Piezatorum" type="book" year="1805">Fabricius, 1805</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Systema Piezatorum, p. 423.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6352232BF138616F9D3659F17E513718" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="552" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" type="mainText">
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>
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<taxonomicName id="A62EE420D839DD1034CD58E5329529BB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
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, Illiger, 1807, Mag. Insectenk., 6: 194.
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<pageBreakToken id="CB300FA8FFC76D8D253194400FF96856" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" start="start">></pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName id="F713BA531A179ACCE3F1340E57196E14" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
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, F.
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<bibRefCitation id="4FA48CE11DD0D4720EBC4B4894E4DB42" author="Smith, F." journalOrPublisher="J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool" refId="ref51273" refString="- 1858, Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. VI. Formicidae. 216 p., 14 pi." title="Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. VI. Formicidae." type="book" year="1858">Smith, 1858: 79</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="825D39B53BF44B9B72DE7E3F4E700E78" pageId="2" pageNumber="551">
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<paragraph id="6248B934EA0D29047219A0688ED792EB" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="caption">
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<pageBreakToken id="55640D8A40FD4D9D9752B4506019ACF9" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" start="start">Figs</pageBreakToken>
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. 1-4, heads of
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<taxonomicName id="19B04B5048C936DA9F19617C36C37242" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:280241" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) emarginatus sub sp. testaceus Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spp">Anochetus spp</taxonomicName>
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. workers, full-face (dorsal) view. Fig. 1, A.
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<taxonomicName id="F5D57FDD660096BAAFED639DE13B669E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25323" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus tua Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tua">tua</taxonomicName>
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paratype. Fig. 2,
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<taxonomicName id="68E4B5B04AFF768C6131B556C5153284" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25244" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus brevis Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">A. brevis</taxonomicName>
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holotype. Fig. 3,
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<taxonomicName id="70D23611CDE068FA39BC12676624C04B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25259" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus fuliginosus Arnold" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosas">A. fuliginosas</taxonomicName>
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, Monrovia, Liberia. Fig. 4,
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<taxonomicName id="A18ABAF9D63F500534A467392D0AFBDB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25287" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus muzziolii Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muzziolii">A. muzziolii</taxonomicName>
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?, Langkat, E. coast Sumatra. All to same scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="9C0C6325537D28F2DB918CDA8232910D" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="mainText">
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>
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<taxonomicName id="F0BB45EEBCAEB3FB027CD7D1B931E226" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="764F1ACB7F2EED22B7D74F49AE7274C1" author="Brown, W. L., Jr." editor="B. J. Meggers" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." pagination="161 - 185" refId="ref46235" refString="- 1973, A comparison of the hylaean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. In Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: A comparative review. Eds. B. J. Meggers, E. S. Ayensu and W. D. Duckworth. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., p. 161 - 185." title="A comparison of the hylaean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: A comparative review." year="1973">Brown, 1973: 178</bibRefCitation>
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, 183.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0BE90CDC543EFD4B00ADA0CDE0B9A7B3" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="mainText">
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>
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<taxonomicName id="75DFEDAA7867E8E7BA95C4E38F5D35D6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147245" authority="Mayr, 1862: 711" authorityName="Mayr" authorityPageNumber="711" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Stenomyrmex
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<bibRefCitation id="678929704A6D79670C97359F8EB1107D" author="Mayr, G. L." journalOrPublisher="Verh. Zool. - Bot. Ges. Wien" pagination="649 - 776" part="12" refId="ref50251" refString="Mayr, G. L., 1862, Myrmecologische Studien. Verh. Zool. - Bot. Ges. Wien, 12: 649 - 776, pi. 19." title="Myrmecologische Studien" type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr, 1862: 711-712</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="D75E4235B878683A0A3CFE48B62A0202" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:187782" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex emarginatus (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">Stenomyrmex emarginatus</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="2DE176119821319C23F6B5AD0CD9F552" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133646" authorityName="Fabricius" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmecia emarginata Fabricius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginata">Myrmecia emarginata Fabricius</taxonomicName>
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, by designation of Emery, 1911: 110; also
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<bibRefCitation id="8E3CB80EFA588068A5745504DED6EA1A" author="Wheeler, W. M." journalOrPublisher="Bull: Amer. Mus. Natur. Hist." pagination="21 - 29" part="30" refId="ref52451" refString="- 1911, Additions to the ant-fauna of Jamaica. Bull: Amer. Mus. Natur. Hist., 30: 21 - 29." title="Additions to the ant-fauna of Jamaica" type="journal article" year="1911">Wheeler, 1911: 173</bibRefCitation>
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. New synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E7232698AD4DA2A18160A18EC24C2D1" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="mainText">
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>
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<taxonomicName id="4B18E848637E29B7000B8A4C39909A70" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
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subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="AAAAEDA9B3D210070DC85B98453B2217" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147245" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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, Emery 1890: 63-65. - Emery, 1911: 110. -
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<bibRefCitation id="DC8544413098A7CBAA49ECB6DEEEEF26" author="Wheeler, W. M." journalOrPublisher="Arkiv Zool., 17 A" pagination="1 - 55" part="8" refId="ref52678" refString="- 1925, Neotropical ants in the collections of the Royal Museum of Stockholm. Part I. Arkiv Zool., 17 A (8): 1 - 55." title="Neotropical ants in the collections of the Royal Museum of Stockholm. Part I" type="journal article" year="1925">Wheeler, 1925: 8-10</bibRefCitation>
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, key. -
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<bibRefCitation id="9CA468B17F75C50C8B4E05B39E435E61" author="Kempf, W. W." journalOrPublisher="Stud. Entomol., (n. s.)" pagination="237 - 246" part="7" refId="ref49571" refString="- 1964, The ants of the genus Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) in Brazil (Hym., Formicidae). Stud. Entomol., (n. s.), 7: 237 - 246." title="The ants of the genus Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) in Brazil (Hym., Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1964">Kempf, 1964: 237-246</bibRefCitation>
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, Brasil, key.
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<bibRefCitation id="76A0A5E7C548A50E0DD2FE5E2D579837" author="Kempf, W. W." journalOrPublisher="Stud. Entomol., (n. s.)" pagination="1 - 344" part="15" refId="ref49610" refString="- 1972, Catalogo abreviado das Formigas da Regiao Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Stud. Entomol., (n. s.), 15: 1 - 344." title="Catalogo abreviado das Formigas da Regiao Neotropical (Hymenop- tera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1972">Kempf, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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, 20-22, catalog of species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C6C0DA9BDC3E95EBCE9C4FF35E4FEEF3" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="mainText">
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>
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<taxonomicName id="655E551E8EA58C420C84A703FDB4F856" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147078" authority="Wheeler, 1929b: 6" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmapatetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmapatetes Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Myrmapatetes
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<bibRefCitation id="28CAFCA0D0198B1A9C0D5282262D1D5C" author="Wheeler, W. M." journalOrPublisher="Amer. Mus. Novitates" pagination="1 - 8" part="349" refId="ref52737" refString="- 1929, Three new genera of ants from the Dutch East Indies. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 349: 1 - 8." title="Three new genera of ants from the Dutch East Indies" type="journal article" year="1929">Wheeler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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b: 6
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type species
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<taxonomicName id="BDA466EC79DAE9E29B3A933F23203180" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133647" authorityName="Wheeler" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmapatetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmapatetes filicornis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filicornis">Myrmapatetes filicornis Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation, monobasic. Synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation id="45A0E0298E1DFA019F93C4D519AE9DC5" author="Brown, W. L., Jr." journalOrPublisher="Brev. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv." pagination="1 - 8" part="18" refId="ref46074" refString="- 1953, Characters and synonymies among the genera of ants. Part II. Brev. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 18: 1 - 8." title="Characters and synonymies among the genera of ants. Part II" type="journal article" year="1953">Brown, 1953: 2</bibRefCitation>
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. [13]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B9AF34D0E89C1FF2512F932E4D194339" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="mainText">
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|
>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="01200BBBD36031A7398C9054D3292A89" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, reviews and catalogs, etc., mostly regional: Emery, 1894: 185- 188, New World, key. -
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="65AC8E83263453304E45CA66AB5E4777" author="Forel, A." journalOrPublisher="Bombay Natur. Hist. Soc." pagination="52 - 65" part="13" refId="ref48526" refString="- 1900 a, Les formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylon. Part VI. J. Bombay Natur. Hist. Soc., 13: 52 - 65." title="Les formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylon. Part VI. J" type="journal article" year="1900">Forel, 1900: 58-63</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, India, Burma, Ceylon, key. - Bingham, 1903: 38-45, India, Burma, Ceylon, key. - Emery, 1911: 107-111, world catalog of species. - Arnold, 1915: 103-108, southern Africa, key; 1926: 214-218, southern Africa, supplement. -
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A0690B61F18BB8CEB9CCFB9E66B439F4" author="Wheeler, W. M." journalOrPublisher="Bull. Amer. Mus. Natur. Hist." pagination="39 - 270" part="45" refId="ref52529" refString="- 1922 a, Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. II. The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bull. Amer. Mus. Natur. Hist., 45: 39 - 270." title="Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. II. The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition" type="journal article" year="1922">
|
|
Wheeler,
|
|
<paragraph id="C54B6DF78571710BA24DD2BDC8436FE2" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="mainText">1922a: 96-99, Congo; 1922c: 790-792, Africa, catalog of species; 1922:</paragraph>
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|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="697A0BED985F93596324AD17F24942E7" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="mainText">
|
|
1012-1013, Malagasy catalog of species. -
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|
<bibRefCitation id="CB47D25075F3694521F359C9A3C52021" author="Wilson, E. O." journalOrPublisher="Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv." pagination="481 - 515" part="120" refId="ref52855" refString="Wilson, E. O., 1959, Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia. V. The tribe Odontomachini. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 120: 481 - 515." title="Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia. V. The tribe Odontomachini" type="journal article" year="1959">Wilson, 1959: 502-510</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, Melanesia, key. -
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|
<bibRefCitation id="F25BD3852EB17BCC826A6B3F23117808" author="Kempf, W. W." journalOrPublisher="Stud. Entomol., (n. s.)" pagination="1 - 344" part="15" refId="ref49610" refString="- 1972, Catalogo abreviado das Formigas da Regiao Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Stud. Entomol., (n. s.), 15: 1 - 344." title="Catalogo abreviado das Formigas da Regiao Neotropical (Hymenop- tera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1972">Kempf, 1972: 20-22</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, New World tropics, catalog of species.
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="527475217E48903CD765F328056E3256" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="553" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="F32D6619797B28505B872257F9223670" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="mainText">
|
|
Worker: Similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4018F2BB8E194F02F0DA74EC39139FA5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and with the characters of subtribe Odontomachiti (see Part VI, Section A, p. 72-74); size small (TL 2,9 mm in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="661848963406E358E63EE6B37C7331BC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25304" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus pupulatus Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupulatus">A. pupulatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
) to moderately large (TL nearly 12 mm in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="250AC3B9632A40AABF1B71DB565383EA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25266" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus inca Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">A. inca</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Color usually dull; brown, blackish, red, or yellow, sometimes bicolored.
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|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="AF5AB625F2009A7B374F3E80EB4DCB08" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="mainText">
|
|
Cranium basically as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="247BEE506803B20B250FB64D976E72F1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
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|
, but often shorter; always without the complex relief of the vertex in that genus, so that antennal fossa, ocular ridge, extraocular furrow and temporal prominence are all lacking, or at least poorly developed; median furrow replaced by a shallow and fairly broad posteromedian impression, more or less well developed in most species; nuchal carina rounded and continuous, or forming an obtuse, round-pointed V across the posterodorsal margin of the vertex, not forming an acute V on the midline; apophyseal lines not present on occipital face (see fig. 4, p. 94 of Section A). Eyes varying from large and with many fine facets to dot-like, with as few as 5 indistinct facets, each eye situated in a shallow, elliptical orbital fossa in the usual position for the subtribe, most apparent when the eye is small (fig. 11).
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="665E718A07D624AFB26F2B572FD1FCC2" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="mainText">
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|
Mandibles linear, but varying from long and slender, with slender teeth in a series along the inner margins, as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CA44546B22B8FC118DCF7A2E4364540C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25265" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus horridus Kempf" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">A. horridus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(fig. 9), to rather stumpy, thickened apicad, and armed only with the apical triad of stout teeth, in some small forms (fig. 13) such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9BFA9F96D57842133AB789C17FE26D57" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25317" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus subcoecus Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subcoecus">A. subcoecus</taxonomicName>
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|
. Intercalary tooth of apical triad reduced to a small tubercle on the inside of the ventral apical tooth in a few species, or even obsolete. Under mouthparts much as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B01C99BB62F230936356A41F759EEB79" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; maxillary palpi apparently always 4-merous, rather short in most species; labial palpi short, 3- or 4-merous.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F05EDC5B7ED7A661F0C0C547968C2730" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" type="mainText">
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|
Trunk with well-marked promesonotal and mesometanotal sutures; metanotal spiracles present in many species, indistinct or absent in the smallest ones. Propodeum rounded into declivity, or biangulate, or bidentate according to the species. Petiolar node varying in the extreme among species, ranging from conical, with an acutely tapered apical spine (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BFE69472D0FEAB957785C330A1936E95" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus gladiator (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">A. gladiator</taxonomicName>
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|
) to merely conical (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8E9449744E3ADB4858C6591F6A1B5B9C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25306" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus risii Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="risii">
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|
A.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2C76888B6EF14DFDFD485D532B2CF5C3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25306" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus risii Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="risii">risii</taxonomicName>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) to erect barrel-shaped (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B11AB84C1FAE7C8CF544E1C70DEBB8D9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25310" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus sedilloti Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedilloti">A. sedilloti</taxonomicName>
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|
), thick bidentate (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D4B54F6BC4726A49DAD8668E3D858E63" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25256" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus faurei Arnold" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faurei">A. faurei</taxonomicName>
|
|
), thin squamiform (axially compressed,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B34C5C4EB44705A4B2413502AD6657FF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25273" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus katonae Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katonae">A. katonae</taxonomicName>
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|
), and so on, in all gradations. The squamiform nodes may be narrowly rounded at the apex in side view, or sharply cultrate, and in front view may have convexly rounded apical margins, or be truncate, emarginate or sharply bidentate.
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D7B08701B771BD5144B3943D0921E5B1" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="mainText">
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="58A3038E7568DA4E7ED1522D25845F54" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" start="start">Gaster</pageBreakToken>
|
|
ranging from compact to slender; first segment (postpetiole) large, and usually separated from second by a distinct constriction, which, however, is not developed in some species (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BFDFBEB72254D5A475B66EFC3A27366A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25253" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus emarginatus (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">emarginatus</taxonomicName>
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|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F77CA574DBBCBDA699800ADAEE26359F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus gladiator (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">gladiator</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BDCDFBC833877374AD1BCB0E455A8447" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25237" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus altisquamis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altisquamis">altisquamis</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="58B5CDF61BEA68E902D93A277AFA52FC" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="mainText">Legs with simple tarsal claws; apical spurs of tibiae 1, 2, 2 or 1, 1, 2 or 1, 1, 1 or 1, 0, 1; at least one spur on the hind tibiae always pectinate.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C506887506BEFC9409ABB06CD6D0ED03" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="mainText">Sculpture varying from almost completely striate or rugose with gastric dorsum densely reticulate and opaque, to almost completely smooth and shining. The fanwise striation of the frons is present, at least in abbreviated form, in all known species. Mandibles, antennae and legs usually smooth or finely and densely punctulate.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1CF6A85C75895C6542E0550E0C8574E2" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="mainText">Pilosity varies widely; erect hairs simple, usually fine, abundant on body and appendages, to very sparse and limited; the small cryptobiotic forms often have reclinate pubescence developed at the expense of longer standing pilosity.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="30C631AC0E79EAD64E00CB1F40A50BFD" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="mainText">
|
|
Ergatoid: Fairly common, and may possibly be the only functional queen in some groups (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B651B5DA85179045A0AE82069CBE7C3C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25253" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus emarginatus (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">emarginatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Like the corresponding worker, but often with 1 or 3 ocelli present; compound eyes usually larger; scutellum usually differentiated as a small, transversely elliptical sclerite.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="32675CA420DE459A73A511BDB80B5830" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="mainText">Queen: With wings, or dealate, and the usual other differences from the worker; size only slightly larger in most species. Petiolar node often more strongly axially compressed. Eyes usually much larger than in the worker. Anal lobe of hind wing present in larger species, lost in some of the smaller ones.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="54A2E83DDF192371F7370C749B54AE07" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="mainText">
|
|
Male: Habitus typical of small to medium-sized male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A814EA7152AFB078309D502A3EC4970D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2307" lsidName-HNS="Ponerini Lepeletier" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5B54BB7E1AFB216E9909CA247198DC4F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
males are usually distinguished by their habitus, by large to very large compound eyes, and especially by the form of the petiolar node, which is usually a low, muted version of that of the female castes of the particular species. Most male nodes are either subconical or triangular in side view, the triangular ones being biangular above, often with the upper border weakly emarginate in front view; extreme forms are squamiform and apically emarginate.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="444AD774A7E1D19262B08FEAE795D020" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="554" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="EA40D766BB536D93A9F6616AC23CFDFF" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="mainText">
|
|
The most remarkable thing about
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FD89BBD4407F6C7BDE425E269D7B89E9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
males is the extreme variation of their terminaba from one species to the next. This is in contrast to
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B1BEB73CCA3DC3818EB31F6AAD1B9511" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="mainText">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5F99250914D1453EC6D8DF2BE4CC072D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, in which the known males have very similar terminal structures, at least as seen in the undissected state. In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A60807C4D140856ABA6F0147BD477A09" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, all of the basic ponerine structures are usually present: pygidium (tergum VIII), hypopygium (sternum IX), cerci (on membranous segment X, the proctiger), and the parts of the genital capsule proper: parameres (gonocoxites), volsellae (with digitus and cuspis), and aedeagus (penis valves). All of these parts may vary strikingly among species, even species that seem closely related judging form worker-queen traits.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E7062149A70A0BE0588B3761FD8A78EB" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="mainText">
|
|
Unfortunately, males found associated in the nest with the female castes are known only for a minority of the species. Additional kinds of males are known from collections at light or by Malaise trap, but it has not yet been possible to link any of these securely to worker-based species. As it stands, 3 described species are based on single male holotypes:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="43ECA1931501943A135A916890E52698" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25297" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus pangens (Walker)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pangens">pangens</taxonomicName>
|
|
and consultons from Sri Lanka, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="09310A5FFA38AD83152F5B7078D17446" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25257" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus filicornis (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filicornis">filicornis</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Larat Island off West Irian. Probably some or all of these belong to species described under different names from the worker caste, so that synonymy will eventually result from the correct association of the sexes.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3BD494761F618B2D7F436E45B1B8F4A3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="554" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="mainText">
|
|
The most primitive terminalia known appear to be those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="681D208FF82D275BA8C936ACB3887EDB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">A. isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(figs. 60, 61) from New Guinea; this has the pygidium drawn out into a stout, downcurved spine, and the hypopygium is a broad linguiform piece;
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="B70F5BC7DD2CB93C98987FA83A7DC6E6" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
|
parameres are simple, with narrowly rounded apices. These conditions are as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D07744535BD152EA941394C69D51C338" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which can be regarded as either the sister-genus of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1EAB82F4B63F8D5E878EA09E22B97228" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, or a line descended from such primitive
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9F50D5EB5501587280A40ED19238B401" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F316FC1B82622406B75573A7B47AD177" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">A. isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C90D859AA474D4F632799BA971F857E2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus gladiator (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">A. gladiator</taxonomicName>
|
|
. These same traits are also found in the presumptive ancestral
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A0712D9058CDDAD2CB03A679FAE065C4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2307" lsidName-HNS="Ponerini Lepeletier" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(of subtribe
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2573C5506446CE1D54CB1ECB48D0FA49" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Ponenti">Ponenti</taxonomicName>
|
|
). The most primitive
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1B9F35DB005812BEA3B3AE6502A25116" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species on worker-queen characters is
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F06BF052324EBC79E36ADABB313EB4A4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus gladiator (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">A. gladiator</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4FDBDE69DA9430933022B73D16DE3552" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus gladiator (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">gladiator</taxonomicName>
|
|
male remains unknown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A36ABB24089FEA354C9F36ED1CC05102" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="mainText">
|
|
From the condition of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2A7421C5497955B9D104E9FC11653128" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25270" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus isolatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isolatus">A. isolatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, one finds transitions to forms in which each paramere is constricted apicad into a ventrally-directed digitiform process (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ED4F7523899CF9A3B3648AF067166868" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25262" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus graeffei Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeffei">A graeffei</taxonomicName>
|
|
, fig. 77;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="856D52EA8C079A27698274B316386CD8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25248" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus consultans (Walker)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consultons">A. consultons</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="29129BE73083E999ED3AC13DD46592C1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25310" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus sedilloti Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedilloti">A. sedilloti</taxonomicName>
|
|
) that becomes separated from the main body of the paramere by a more or less complete and flexible suture, or in which the body divides into two lobes in a complex way (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6E27BAC850C6FD80F37BBF699D6295AF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25246" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus chirichinii Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chirichinii">chirichinii</taxonomicName>
|
|
, figs. 56-59). The linguiform hypopygium tends to be narrowed, probably convergently, into a median, narrow, rodlike piece in some species of both Old World and New World groups, or, unexpectedly, into slender, bilaterally arranged, twin rods (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1342456940AFAEA0FA1D7BB5A5525283" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25280" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus madaraszi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madaraszi">madaraszi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, figs. 64, 65), or a deeply cleft plate (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EE5B97DC700B3BE1117AB12553744919" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25246" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus chirichinii Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chirichinii">chirichinii</taxonomicName>
|
|
, fig. 58). In some New World species, the parameres develop fancy lobes, sometimes with grotesquely sculptured extremites (figs. 72, 73), but it is not completely certain that these are
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58D221EFAE83BE89F80109789CBF8062" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="894172C1110D720F7C075202D48D3CA6" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="mainText">Volsellae and aedeagus vary considerably also, although these variations do not show so well in undissected material, and they are not dealt with in detail here (figs, 75 and 76; 72 and 78).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="156A89FDEE171C00234360A710741037" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="mainText">
|
|
Unassociated males representing about 10 different species have been reviewed for this work, but I believe that nothing is gained by assigning new names to undescribed forms, all of which will eventually be tied to their respective female castes. The rearing of live colonies or colony fragments of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BD301FCD578030EEF5058316BD1AD4E6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is to be encouraged, for in this way we are most likely to make the necessary male-female associations.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="2052A8505F3D70ADB61AD6C0B595463D" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="mainText">
|
|
Probably a knowledge of the male terminalia is needed to resolve completely the difficulties of species distinction existing in such complexes as those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BD09C83246DDB4250013730CE9B1CA46" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25268" authorityName="," class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus inermis André" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">A. inermis,</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="120875440531A9EFE0D42823A6A64CA1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25282" authorityName="," class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus mayri Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="058398FD3166635AAB469462EB15FCAE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25282" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus mayri Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">A. mayri</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CB7A3C9E53C8F72FB64A69276C225D1E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25322" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus traegaordhi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="traegaordhi">A. traegaordhi</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41EF165338C347E36D915EBCDAC53987" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25262" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus graeffei Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeffei">A. graeffei</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="8AC2A13193591C5947C1E8947FC44337" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="555" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="EAF78FB17B34F8A2A5655BADF7683FC8" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="mainText">Distribution and Bionomics</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="84D48DBE9CF0E7180F7E8B767CE8F5DC" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="mainText">
|
|
There topics have been touched upon for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CE373A713A3E9B0F6E5F5AFD97FE2402" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the respective summaries for subtribe Odontomachiti (A 77-88; the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D632FC7F42F701169D337248E611FED0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25268" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus inermis André" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">A. inermis</taxonomicName>
|
|
of p. 80 is assigned to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7A6408C19AFEABD41D19EF4A6B64FD9A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25312" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus simoni Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">A. simoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the present section).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5A40C18A11E88AD8267D7C8527537464" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
colonies of all groups appear to contain fewer (usually <100 adult) individuals than do those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4246E8C8029BA325D3D4BD2E05C5F063" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and this together with their usually smaller body size tends to adapt them to living in cryptic sites of low volume, such as are available in rotten twigs in humus or forest litter, crevices in bark or rotten logs, hollow twigs in trees, palm leaf-base interstices, or small excavations in the soil.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3BF9EC422C4DD7028C20F6765C073774" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="555" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="mainText">
|
|
Compared to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="75A0B98CD3339998FB61D2509EB0559D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, then,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="89CDE0D2A61D8337D9C6362EB1346124" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species tend to be
|
|
<normalizedToken id="655E7594AEAB626E604A8A4655741499" originalValue="«interstitial»" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">"interstitial"</normalizedToken>
|
|
and more specialized in their microhabitat selection and lifeways; their environment is coarse-grained. We should recognize, meanwhile, that many of the species forage rather widely for their size, and ground- or rotten wood-nesting species often can be found well above ground level on forest or savanna woodland tree trunks, but in most cases after dark (e.g., africanas). Other species (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5F865E56613838613B33933FFA46509E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25275" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus levaillanti Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levaillanti">levaillanti</taxonomicName>
|
|
) may nest in the soil in arid areas, and forage over the
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="4808BC780F22FE5DA39684AD35EE5445" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" start="start">ground</pageBreakToken>
|
|
surface near midday in only scanty shade. Probably, though, most species are nocturnal foragers.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="268FD061D95A8A7CA6DDBECE37238354" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" type="mainText">
|
|
Still other species, perhaps including
|
|
<taxonomicName id="202DCE19030E54162FAF36D442ED496A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25253" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus emarginatus (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">emarginatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="397AEA5A2A7EE52C1E15AAEEBA50A85E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25299" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus pellucidus Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucidus">pellucidus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5FCCD62822B8DCC3576ACD577FC8FAC2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25259" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus fuliginosus Arnold" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">fuliginosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B21494E9CF156BEC5EE383E0D572ABEF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25256" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus faurei Arnold" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faurei">faurei</taxonomicName>
|
|
, appear to be more or less arboreal nesters and foragers, though we have scanty, merely suggestive data on this point.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C24072BFD530514236163E4D0FB34551" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" type="mainText">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4F22D1C2C646302095363E033F66227" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species are all certainly predaceous; the natural extent of their feeding on honeydew and other sugar sources is totally unknown. The mechanism of their trap-mandible is similar to that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4DFE449FD139F1B729E37EC6AFECEF5D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BA54761F27C07EC614D08BAA62AEFCC7" author="Marcus, H." journalOrPublisher="Acta Zool. Lilloana" pagination="259 - 284" part="2" refId="ref50159" refString="Marcus, H., 1944, Estudios mirmecologicos. I. Estudio comparado de la articulacion mandibular de las hormigas y termites. Acta Zool. Lilloana, 2: 259 - 284." title="Estudios mirmecologicos. I. Estudio comparado de la articulacion mandibular de las hormigas y termites" type="journal article" year="1944">Marcus, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DFB729F32DCDFA23080F51011117FC88" author="Marcus, H." journalOrPublisher="Rev. Agr. Univ. Cochabamba" pagination="3 - 9" part="3" refId="ref50194" refString="- 1945, Estudios mirmecologicos. IV. - Las articulaciones trampas en las mandibulas de los Odontomachini. Rev. Agr. Univ. Cochabamba, 3: 3 - 9." title="Estudios mirmecologicos. IV. - Las articulaciones trampas en las mandibulas de los Odontomachini" type="journal article" year="1945">1945</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and like that genus, they can
|
|
<normalizedToken id="F89E73084610E1A8185106B3D5048376" originalValue="«jump»" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">"jump"</normalizedToken>
|
|
backwards by snapping the jaw-apices against smooth, unyielding objects. As befits their prevailingly small body size,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C82F3C330FB10C65A18B78E8AF0E6AA1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species tend to respond to massive disturbances with lethisimulation rather than the aggressive biting and stinging reactions of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F372C7B7E54B7C1E33073C0DF88B04BB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. On the whole,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="122E40297B1506DF2304A9334FDBC83B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species are slower and more deliberate in their hunting behavior than are
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B9E96086BDD43CFD6BC10A48EF385A18" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and more often tend to employ waiting-and-ambush tactics in securing their prey. Nothing substantial is known about their possible prey specificity. In fact, the biology of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="15F472D8EF172445D08E1734AF0245AE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a subject wide open to all kinds of investigation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EF72E102DF32CD86EB4BF761592AE433" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" type="mainText">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5686425D033EFF698284F7B035AED295" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
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ranges about as far south as
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<taxonomicName id="45D421D2D2D2EE4B57D45FFE2AE9CD96" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
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in South America (to northern Argentina) and Australia (to arid inland parts of Victoria and southwestern Australia), but reaches farther south in South Africa (at least to Port Elizabeth in the eastern Cape Province). In the Northern Hemisphere, it gets to Morocco, Tunisia, and even the extreme southern point of Spain, beyond the range of
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<taxonomicName id="7C7490312351B5F4669C7FBB6E4962E1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
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, and in the Middle East,
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<taxonomicName id="B7B9AC71F0B7FE550C2E86842A3F20C4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25254" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus evansi Crawley" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evansi">A. evansi</taxonomicName>
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occurs in Kurdistan, but, like
|
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<taxonomicName id="356B78E586744C388DD7545799337175" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="6ADA40A468E31249873C5EDF8CC87A9F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
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is limited northward in India and Pakistan by the Himalayas and Pamirs. In China,
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<taxonomicName id="D1C2959802759A7930DB98F1ABC63D97" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
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is still known only from Kwangtung and Hainan, in the far south, whereas
|
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<taxonomicName id="1983E7E4663E0330F559C38B140978E3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33002" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus monticola Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">
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Odontomachus
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<normalizedToken id="DF30E75686812366F3844C3C13B31001" originalValue="montícola" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">monticola</normalizedToken>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
ranges far to the north, even beyond Peking. In the Pacific,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3BF7875C1F727EC7E174B4B71D203BF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25262" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus graeffei Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeffei">A. graeffei</taxonomicName>
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is widespread, undoubtedly through the agency of human commerce, and it reaches central Polynesia and Micronesia with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8C34CE8D1118C51CC8387476FD56E2E5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33017" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus simillimus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">Odontomachus simillimus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="4AC028D452433AC9CF139B9EC420477B" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" type="mainText">
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In North America,
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<taxonomicName id="4D885283882EF6718459BF33B8D998D6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
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|
fails to extend northward beyond tropical Mexico and the Bahamas, while
|
|
<taxonomicName id="27ECF5C2FB79B255EF23F5FF022E0412" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
|
reaches Arizona, central Texas and southern Georgia. The differences in distribution between these two genera indicate that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="64AC996E03A7276660FB35C9487380E7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
|
does somewhat better than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7DE715A413FFE945240428AFA78BD36B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
at producing species that can penetrate colder climates, but that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4373BF0CFB65C6C0F5BA8A5A11229E2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2346" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anochetus</taxonomicName>
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|
may have the edge in evolving species adapted to aridity. Both genera, of course, are predominantly tropical and forest-inhabiting.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |