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<document id="2E71D4CC4F70790B088D702BB848AFD2" ID-DOI="10.1080/002229300299372" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620912132881" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Ju-Shey" docDate="2000" docId="7A57A021FFB1FF93FEE8FB4350A2FEF6" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.34.709-735.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 34 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002229300299372" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Protochondracanthus alatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="732" masterDocId="866ED859FFA4FF8AFFD5FFD65158FFB3" masterDocTitle="Chondracanthid copepods parasitic on flatfishes of Kerala, India" masterLastPageNumber="735" masterPageNumber="709" pageNumber="728" updateTime="1698917974453" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8C98CCE22E04B0AAEFC1C39C370BC446">Chondracanthid copepods parasitic on flatfishes of Kerala, India</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="BAE442BCFFB1FF9FFEE8FB435245FB1E" box="[317,797,1173,1197]" pageId="21" pageNumber="728" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F2411137FFB1FF9FFEE8FB435245FB1E" blockId="21.[317,797,1173,1230]" box="[317,797,1173,1197]" pageId="21" pageNumber="728">
<heading id="A909A65BFFB1FF9FFEE8FB435245FB1E" box="[317,797,1173,1197]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="728" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFB1FF9FFEE8FB435371FB1E" bold="true" box="[317,553,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="728">Protochondracanthu s</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFB1FF9FFDE4FB435245FB1E" authority="(Heller, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[561,797,1173,1197]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chondracanthidae" genus="Protochondracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="21" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFB1FF9FFDE4FB43532BFB1E" bold="true" box="[561,627,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="728">alatus</emphasis>
(Heller, 1868)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BAE442BCFFB1FF93FE0DFB6350A2FEF6" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="732" pageId="21" pageNumber="728" type="description">
<paragraph id="F2411137FFB1FF9FFE0DFB6353DAFB7E" blockId="21.[317,797,1173,1230]" box="[472,642,1205,1230]" pageId="21" pageNumber="728">(®gures 12±14)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2411137FFB1FF9FFFADFB3C532CFAF2" blockId="21.[79,1035,1257,1697]" pageId="21" pageNumber="728">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFB1FF9FFFADFB3C500CFAB1" box="[120,340,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="728">Material examined.</emphasis>
Nine adult mm (each with attached l) from gill ®laments of
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFB1FF9FFFA5FADC5364FA91" authority="(Bleeker and Schneider)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker and Schneider" box="[112,572,1290,1314]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psettodidae" genus="Psettodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="728" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erumi">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFB1FF9FFFA5FADC507AFA91" box="[112,290,1290,1314]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="728">Psettodes erumi</emphasis>
(Bleeker and Schneider)
</taxonomicName>
: four collected on
<date id="864037F7FFB1FF9FFCCFFADC52F1FA91" box="[794,937,1290,1314]" pageId="21" pageNumber="728" value="1994-07-20">20 July 1994</date>
, two on
<date id="864037F7FFB1FF9FFF9AFAFF5055FAF2" box="[79,269,1321,1345]" pageId="21" pageNumber="728" value="1994-10-25">25 October 1994</date>
and three on
<date id="864037F7FFB1FF9FFE64FAFF5334FAF2" box="[433,620,1321,1346]" pageId="21" pageNumber="728" value="1994-01-26">26 January 1994</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2411137FFB1FF9FFFADFA9F52B8F933" blockId="21.[79,1035,1257,1697]" pageId="21" pageNumber="728">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFB1FF9FFFADFA9F5195FAD2" box="[120,205,1353,1377]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="728">Female.</emphasis>
Body (®gures 12A,B) elongated, measuring
<quantity id="3506BCD2FFB1FF9FFD01FA9F52DFFAD2" box="[724,903,1353,1377]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.375" metricValueMax="4.71" metricValueMin="4.04" pageId="21" pageNumber="728" unit="mm" value="4.375" valueMax="4.71" valueMin="4.04">4.04 to 4.71 mm</quantity>
long. Head (®gure 12C) composed of cephalosome only and protruded posterolaterally into a small process. A pair of vermiform processes in oral region originated at bases of maxillae (®gures 12C, 13C). First pediger transformed into a short neck, bearing a pair of tripartite, lateral processes on both sides (®gures 12C, 13G). Remaining pedigers fused into a long cylindrical trunk, bearing a pair of long, lateral processes in front, another pair of short posterior processes at end, and a vermiform process at midposterior end (®gure 12D). Both genital double somite and abdomen (®gure 12D) distinctly wider than long. Caudal ramus (®gure 12D) a spiniform process armed with three setae and a small tubercle. Egg sac longer than body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2411137FFB1FF92FFADF95E52CCFBD0" blockId="21.[79,1035,1257,1697]" lastBlockId="24.[79,1035,1067,1697]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="731" pageId="21" pageNumber="728">Antennule (®gure 12E) with modi®ed, ¯eshy basal portion bearing a vermiform posteroventral process and a small knob-like setiferous terminal process; armature being 11 on basal portion and ten on terminal process. Antenna (®gure 12F) two-segmented; ®rst segment small and unarmed, second segment a sharp, recurved hook with a small, medial knob in basal region. Labrum (®gure 12G) with smooth posterior margin. Mandible (®gure 13A) two-segmented; terminal blade with a row of 36 teeth on convex (inner) side. Maxillule (®gure 13B) tipped with a lobe and two short setae. Maxilla (®gure 13C) two-segmented; basal segment large but unarmed, distal segment (®gure 13D) bearing one small, simple seta, one large seta with hyaline tip in basal region and a row of about 60 ®ne spinules on terminal process. Maxilliped (®gure 13E) slender and three-segmented; ®rst segment largest but unarmed, second segment with spinules in terminal and subterminal regions, and third segment drawn out into a pointed process with two rows of spinules in basal region in addition to a single, subterminal spinule (®gure 13F). Leg 1 (®gure 13G) located at base of tripartite, lateral process in neck region and consisting of a protopod carrying a long, outer seta, an exopod armed with ®ve spines and one seta, and a naked endopod. Long, lateral process in anterior region of trunk tipped with four tubercles with each bearing a spinule at tip (®gure 13I).</paragraph>
<caption id="A68141BFFFB2FF9CFF9AFA3F53A6F9FD" pageId="22" pageNumber="729" startId="22.[79,95,1513,1534]" targetBox="[83,1035,142,1481]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="F2411137FFB2FF9CFF9AFA3F53A6F9FD" blockId="22.[79,1035,1513,1614]" pageId="22" pageNumber="729">
FIG. 12.
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFB2FF9CFF62FA3F5365FA4C" authority="(Heller)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[183,573,1513,1535]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chondracanthidae" genus="Protochondracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="22" pageNumber="729" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFB2FF9CFF62FA3F5081FA4C" box="[183,473,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="729">Protochondracanthus alatus</emphasis>
(Heller)
</taxonomicName>
. Female: (A) habitus of adult, dorsal; (B) habitus of another adult, dorsal; (C) head and neck region, ventral; (D) posterior processes and genito±abdomen, ventral; (E) anennule; (F) antenna; (G) labrum. Scale bars: 1 mm in (A, B); 0.2 mm in (C, D); 0.05 mm in (E±G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A68141BFFFB3FF9DFF9AFBE55326FB2B" pageId="23" pageNumber="730" startId="23.[79,95,1075,1096]" targetBox="[82,1035,142,1046]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="F2411137FFB3FF9DFF9AFBE55326FB2B" blockId="23.[79,1036,1075,1177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="730">
FIG. 13.
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFB3FF9DFF62FBE55367FBFA" authority="(Heller)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[183,575,1075,1097]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chondracanthidae" genus="Protochondracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="23" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFB3FF9DFF62FBE55082FBFA" box="[183,474,1075,1097]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="730">Protochondracanthus alatus</emphasis>
(Heller)
</taxonomicName>
. Female: (A) mandible; (B) maxillule; (C) maxilla; (D) distal segment of maxilla; (E) maxilliped; (F) terminal part of maxilliped; (G) leg 1; (H) rami of leg 1; (I) distal part of trunk process. Scale bars: 0.02 mm in (A±D, F, H); 0.05 mm in (E, G, I).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A68141BFFFBCFF92FF9AFC4552F2FC6D" pageId="24" pageNumber="731" startId="24.[79,95,915,936]" targetBox="[82,1038,140,888]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="F2411137FFBCFF92FF9AFC4552F2FC6D" blockId="24.[79,1034,915,990]" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">
FIG. 14.
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBCFF92FF62FC4550D2FC1A" box="[183,394,915,937]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">Protochondracanthu s</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFBCFF92FE47FC45537FFC1A" authority="(Heller)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[402,551,915,937]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chondracanthidae" genus="Protochondracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBCFF92FE47FC455096FC1A" box="[402,462,915,937]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">alatus</emphasis>
(Heller)
</taxonomicName>
. Male: (A) habitus of adult, dorsal; (B) same, lateral; (C) caudal ramus; (D) antennule; (E) antenna; (F) mandible; (G) maxillule; (H) maxilla; (I) maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in (A, B); 0.01 mm in (C±I).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F2411137FFBCFF92FFADFBBC5186FA72" blockId="24.[79,1035,1067,1697]" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBCFF92FFADFBBC51E1FB31" box="[120,185,1130,1154]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">Male.</emphasis>
Body (®gure 14A)
<quantity id="3506BCD2FFBCFF92FE66FBBC50B5FB31" box="[435,493,1130,1154]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" pageId="24" pageNumber="731" unit="m" value="269.0">
269
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBCFF92FE0AFBBC50B5FB31" bold="true" box="[479,493,1130,1154]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">m</emphasis>
</quantity>
m long, with swollen cephalosome. First two pedigers separated, but remaining pedigers fused with genito±abdominal somites (®gure 14A, B). Caudal ramus (®gure 14C) a short, spiniform process with six short setae in basal region and spinules in distal region. Antennule (®gure 14D) ®liform, armature being 1-1-2-3-8. Antenna (®gure 14E) two-segmented; terminal hook with a small outer knob in basal region. Mandible (®gure 14F) with a row of about 25 teeth on convex margin of terminal blade. Maxillule (®gure 14G) tipped with a blunt knob and two setae. Maxilla (®gure 14H) as in female except for smaller number of teeth (about 25) on terminal process. Maxilliped (®gure 14I) constructed as in female only stubbier. Leg 1 represented by a bifurcate seta (see ®gure 14B). Other legs missing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2411137FFBCFF93FFADFA1F51BAFF76" blockId="24.[79,1035,1067,1697]" lastBlockId="25.[79,1035,142,325]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="732" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBCFF92FFADFA1F51BAFA52" box="[120,226,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">Remarks.</emphasis>
Both
<bibRefCitation id="966F6CC6FFBCFF92FEE9FA1F5357FA52" author="KIRTISINGHE, P." box="[316,527,1481,1505]" pageId="24" pageNumber="731" pagination="77" refId="ref10906" refString="KIRTISINGHE, P., 1950, Parasitic copepods of ® sh from Ceylon. III, Parasitology, 40 (1 / 2), 77 ± 86." type="journal article" year="1950">Kirtisinghe (1950)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="966F6CC6FFBCFF92FD9FFA1F5380FA52" author="PILLAI, N. K." box="[586,728,1481,1505]" pageId="24" pageNumber="731" pagination="61" refId="ref10936" refString="PILLAI, N. K., 1964, A miscellaneous collection of copepods parasitic on south Indian ® shes, Journal of the Biological Association of India, 6 (1), 61 ± 83." type="journal article" year="1964">Pillai (1964)</bibRefCitation>
found both ovigerous and juvenile females of
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFBCFF92FEF8FA3C50D6F9B2" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[301,398,1513,1537]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chondracanthidae" genus="Protochondracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBCFF92FEF8FA3C50D6F9B2" box="[301,398,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">P. alatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring together on the same host taken respectively in
<collectingCountry id="8AE951A7FFBCFF92FFBBF9DF51B8F992" box="[110,224,1545,1569]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
and at Trivandrum (in Kerala). However, while Pillais illustration of the juvenile is readily identi®able with
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFBCFF92FDF9F9FC53CBF9F2" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[556,659,1577,1601]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chondracanthidae" genus="Protochondracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBCFF92FDF9F9FC53CBF9F2" box="[556,659,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">P. alatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(by the presence of a pair of posterolateral cephalic knobs), Kirtisinghe s illustration is not. Kirtisinghe s illustration (called
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBCFF92FF09F9BF536AF932" box="[220,562,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">Protochondracanthu s psettodis</emphasis>
and given in ®gure 50) of the immature specimen looks like a mirror copy of
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFBCFF92FDE3F95F5391F913" baseAuthorityName="Pillai" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[566,713,1672,1696]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chondracanthidae" genus="Protochondracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilobatus">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBCFF92FDE3F95F5391F913" box="[566,713,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="731">P. trilobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given here in ®gure 15A. Distinctions between these two species are given following the description of
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFBDFF93FF9AFF795182FF75" baseAuthorityName="Pillai" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[79,218,174,198]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chondracanthidae" genus="Protochondracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilobatus">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBDFF93FF9AFF795182FF75" box="[79,218,174,198]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="732">P. trilobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2411137FFBDFF93FFADFF1850A2FEF6" blockId="25.[79,1035,142,325]" pageId="25" pageNumber="732">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="966F6CC6FFBDFF93FECAFF185369FF55" author="SONG, D. &amp; CHEN, G." box="[287,561,206,230]" pageId="25" pageNumber="732" pagination="406" refId="ref11005" refString="SONG, D. and CHEN, G., 1976, Some parasitic copepods from marine ® shes of China, Acta Zoologica Sinica, 22 (4), 406 ± 424." type="journal article" year="1976">Song and Chen (1976)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFBDFF93FD91FF1953F2FF55" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[580,682,206,230]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chondracanthidae" genus="Protochondracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBDFF93FD91FF1953F2FF55" box="[580,682,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="732">P. alatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also known from
<collectingRegion id="303ADFD5FFBDFF93FC7AFF18555BFF55" box="[943,1027,206,230]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="25" pageNumber="732">Hainan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="8AE951A7FFBDFF93FF9AFF3B51CCFEB6" box="[79,148,237,261]" name="China" pageId="25" pageNumber="732">China</collectingCountry>
, on the same host species as from
<collectingRegion id="303ADFD5FFBDFF93FDF8FF3B5322FEB6" box="[557,634,237,261]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="25" pageNumber="732">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="8AE951A7FFBDFF93FD59FF3B539FFEB6" box="[652,711,237,261]" name="India" pageId="25" pageNumber="732">India</collectingCountry>
. Thus, as above in the case of
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFBDFF93FFA0FEDB502EFE96" baseAuthorityName="Yu &amp; Wu" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[117,374,269,293]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chondracanthidae" genus="Heterochondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBDFF93FFA0FEDB502EFE96" box="[117,374,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="732">Heterochondria similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is very likely that
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFBDFF93FD58FED853ACFE96" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[653,756,269,293]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chondracanthidae" genus="Protochondracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBDFF93FD58FED853ACFE96" box="[653,756,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="732">P. alatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is host speci®c to the bigmouth ¯ounder (
<taxonomicName id="35FE6AB4FFBDFF93FEE0FEFB50BFFEF6" box="[309,487,301,325]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psettodidae" genus="Psettodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erumi">
<emphasis id="C08ACD25FFBDFF93FEE0FEFB50BFFEF6" box="[309,487,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="732">Psettodes erumi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>