185 lines
17 KiB
XML
185 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="1E5474C9147D3D7F776099DE5B0AF113" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3846.1.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928537" ID-ZooBank="BCC369B9-3FAD-41D3-B85C-43D738D0CBA3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1623434801754" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Malumphy, Chris" docDate="2014" docId="03BA87896A33AE64FF02FA22FDEF59E1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03846p086.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3846 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Maconellicoccus hirsutus" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="FF83FFF16A38AE6FFF95FFCDFFD65E3D" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Saint Lucia, Lesser Antilles" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="69" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1730211736982" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="86BC60CEDC05C5129AB4284A24998AE1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="99820E7A21B3196AA7BAD571583467B0">
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<mods:title id="AFA2FAFCE57890F7F13F5CFDE539A3D3">An annotated checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Saint Lucia, Lesser Antilles</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="645FA5B21BBA5776D4C6DB479C23ACEE" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E49F81BAABBA5CC5659EA01CC8FAC114">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0CB1E86D825BB8B66A951E6981291608">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="43D76B41C2AB5B39084F7D6BA9BE6311">Malumphy, Chris</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E40E71DD2EC6B86F0559823FA045A41C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A78057D62DD0DAE0547856D0A063F0A9">
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<mods:title id="34C80658C2CDCEA5B18E805B4638E1ED">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="86D12FE4E3047644248D22E487A77490">
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<mods:date id="22C368A858D8E1C4C33F2BCC6E9AEB8D">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E093BCFE51860F2435677D0F3BCED29A" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="D0C686EC324FB2B33EBB4F5AA95B22B2">2014-07-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="47D2B6E0A7CDA0E6C0F074941EA80E82" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3ECA64AE6D494B6A58405DFA1751F394">3846</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="A8875C0A6B306BA1D8144B3DF39ED982" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="7179BE09D50064C138C69231C6A91C8F">1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="9FB6BF62E0462036FA9281087B4E5D65" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="7010017C878327149D33F71AD67093DE">69</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5C40027C8D1D83AD8EC872C172452F1B">86</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="AD66A6E49BAB869CDFF8FCCBCBAB814B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9D6FED7EF23FE2D51E700C7CDFBA51D7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3846.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="113074948478B491F22F392AA50B54F0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A42F95B6D792EF267D4E50F3E17273A5" type="Zenodo-Dep">4928537</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="167A83992EAE5E16092036147A2C43F4" type="ZooBank">BCC369B9-3FAD-41D3-B85C-43D738D0CBA3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BA87896A33AE64FF02FA22FDEF59E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87896A33AE64FF02FA22FDEF59E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87896A33AE64FF02FA22FDEF59E1" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
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<subSubSection id="C30965146A33AE64FF02FA22FC955835" box="[151,835,1519,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAC369F6A33AE64FF02FA22FC955835" blockId="11.[151,1436,1519,2013]" box="[151,835,1519,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FF02FA22FDCB5835" ID-CoL="3WZZ7" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,541,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Maconellicoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FF02FA22FE695835" bold="true" box="[151,447,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Maconellicoccus hirsutus</emphasis>
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(Green)
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FD88FA22FDEF5835" bold="true" box="[541,569,1519,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">—</emphasis>
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pink hibiscus mealybug
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30965146A33AE64FF52F9D9FD7758A5" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAC369F6A33AE64FF52F9D9FD7758A5" blockId="11.[151,1436,1519,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
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Occurs widely in tropical and subtropical areas of the Americas (including the Lesser Antilles), Africa, Asia,
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<collectingCountry id="F304760F6A33AE64FF02F9FAFF28586D" box="[151,254,1591,1616]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Australia</collectingCountry>
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and the Pacific; polyphagous, feeding on plants belonging to 78 families, including many crop and ornamental plants; major economic pest. Recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="F304760F6A33AE64FC8AF991FC775848" box="[799,929,1628,1653]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B6E6A33AE64FC5BF991FB735848" author="Kairo, M. T. K. & Pollard, G. V. & Peterkin, D. D." box="[974,1189,1628,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" pagination="241 - 254" refId="ref12375" refString="Kairo, M. T. K., Pollard, G. V., Peterkin, D. D. & Lopez. V. F. (2000) Biological control of the hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the Caribbean, Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 5, 241 - 254." type="journal article" year="2000">
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Kairo
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FB83F990FB865848" box="[1046,1104,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
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(2000)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, CABI (2004), EPPO (2009) and Malumphy (2012, on
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FD99F94DFD4658AA" box="[524,656,1664,1687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muricata">
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FD99F94DFD4658AA" box="[524,656,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">A. muricata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30965146A33AE64FF52F969FDEF59E1" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAC369F6A33AE64FF52F969FDEF59E1" blockId="11.[151,1436,1519,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FF52F969FE535886" box="[199,389,1700,1725]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FF52F969FEA95880" bold="true" box="[199,383,1700,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Collection data</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7B3CC26A33AE64FE1AF969FEF45938" collectingDate="2013-08-18" collectingDateMax="2013-08-22" collectingDateMin="2013-08-18" location="Gros Islet" municipality="Gros-Islet Parish" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BC8ACE56A33AE64FE1AF969FD845880" box="[399,594,1700,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Gros-Islet Parish</collectingMunicipality>
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:
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<location id="8ECC60446A33AE64FDCAF969FD045880" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87896A33AE64FF02FA22FDEF59E1:8ECC60446A33AE64FDCAF969FD045880" box="[607,722,1700,1725]" municipality="Gros-Islet Parish" name="Gros Islet" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Gros Islet</location>
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, huge infestation on
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FC51F969FB9D5881" box="[964,1099,1700,1724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muricata">
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FC51F969FB9D5881" box="[964,1099,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">A. muricata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, causing serious damage and making fruit inedible,
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<date id="FFAD105F6A33AE64FE05F90AFDCC58DD" box="[400,538,1735,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-08-19">
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<collectingDate id="EFE9E9B76A33AE64FE05F90AFDCC58DD" box="[400,538,1735,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-08-19">19.viii.2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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;
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<location id="8ECC60446A33AE64FDB3F90AFD6758DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87896A33AE64FF02FA22FDEF59E1:8ECC60446A33AE64FDB3F90AFD6758DD" box="[550,689,1735,1760]" municipality="Gros-Islet Parish" name="Rodney Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Rodney Bay</location>
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, abundant on
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FCD9F90AFB9158E2" box="[844,1095,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
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<location id="8ECC60446A33AE64FCD9F90AFC7858DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87896A33AE64FF02FA22FDEF59E1:8ECC60446A33AE64FCD9F90AFC7858DD" box="[844,942,1735,1760]" municipality="Gros-Islet Parish" name="Hibiscus" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Hibiscus</location>
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rosa-sinensis
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</emphasis>
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,
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<date id="FFAD105F6A33AE64FBC1F90AFB0858DD" box="[1108,1246,1735,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-08-18">
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<collectingDate id="EFE9E9B76A33AE64FBC1F90AFB0858DD" box="[1108,1246,1735,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-08-18">18.viii.2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, sparse on
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FACDF904FA4258DD" box="[1368,1428,1737,1760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Ixora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FACDF904FA4258DD" box="[1368,1428,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
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<location id="8ECC60446A33AE64FACDF904FA4258DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87896A33AE64FF02FA22FDEF59E1:8ECC60446A33AE64FACDF904FA4258DD" box="[1368,1428,1737,1760]" municipality="Gros-Islet Parish" name="Ixora" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Ixora</location>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<date id="FFAD105F6A33AE64FF02F921FEF45938" box="[151,290,1772,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-08-22">
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<collectingDate id="EFE9E9B76A33AE64FF02F921FEF45938" box="[151,290,1772,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-08-22">22.viii.2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B7B3CC26A33AE64FEBBF921FB505915" collectingDate="2012-11-12" collectingDateMax="2014-04-28" collectingDateMin="2012-11-12" collectorName="R. Waghorn & J. Pollock & D. Dennis" country="United Kingdom" location="London" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" specimenCount="1">
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Intercepted in the
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<collectingCountry id="F304760F6A33AE64FE6AF921FDFE593E" box="[511,552,1772,1795]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">UK</collectingCountry>
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(
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<location id="8ECC60446A33AE64FDACF921FD405938" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87896A33AE64FF02FA22FDEF59E1:8ECC60446A33AE64FDACF921FD405938" box="[569,662,1772,1797]" country="United Kingdom" name="London" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">London</location>
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), on
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FD45F921FC805939" box="[720,854,1772,1796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muricata">
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FD45F921FC805939" box="[720,854,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">A. muricata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fruit,
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<date id="FFAD105F6A33AE64FC35F921FBC15938" box="[928,1047,1772,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2012-11-12">
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<collectingDate id="EFE9E9B76A33AE64FC35F921FBC15938" box="[928,1047,1772,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2012-11-12">12.xi.2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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and
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<date id="FFAD105F6A33AE64FBC7F921FB1A5938" box="[1106,1228,1772,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-09-23">
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<collectingDate id="EFE9E9B76A33AE64FBC7F921FB1A5938" box="[1106,1228,1772,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-09-23">23.ix.2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="26E653496A33AE64FA99F921FA4E5938" box="[1292,1432,1772,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">R. Waghorn</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFAD105F6A33AE64FF02F8C2FEDF5915" box="[151,265,1807,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-07-02">
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<collectingDate id="EFE9E9B76A33AE64FF02F8C2FEDF5915" box="[151,265,1807,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-07-02">2.vii.2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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and
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<date id="FFAD105F6A33AE64FED2F8C2FE155915" box="[327,451,1807,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-08-04">
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<collectingDate id="EFE9E9B76A33AE64FED2F8C2FE155915" box="[327,451,1807,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-08-04">4.viii.2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="26E653496A33AE64FD93F8DDFDAD5915" box="[518,635,1807,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">J. Pollock</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFAD105F6A33AE64FD1EF8C2FCC45915" box="[651,786,1807,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-08-12">
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<collectingDate id="EFE9E9B76A33AE64FD1EF8C2FCC45915" box="[651,786,1807,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2013-08-12">12.viii.2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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and
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<date id="FFAD105F6A33AE64FCC4F8C2FC1E5915" box="[849,968,1807,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2014-04-28">
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<collectingDate id="EFE9E9B76A33AE64FCC4F8C2FC1E5915" box="[849,968,1807,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" value="2014-04-28">28.iv.2014</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="26E653496A33AE64FB98F8DDFB505915" box="[1037,1158,1807,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">D. Dennis</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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. The majority of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FA11F8DDFF2A5971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muricata">
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FA11F8DDFF2A5971" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">A. muricata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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samples contained huge infestations of mealybugs, but there were very high levels of parasitism (up to 90%) of third-instar nymphs by the wasp
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FDFAF895FBF6594D" authority="Moursi" authorityName="Moursi" box="[623,1056,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamali">
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FDFAF895FCF9594D" box="[623,815,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Anagyrus kamali</emphasis>
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Moursi (Encrytidae)
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</taxonomicName>
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. There were also many mealybug predators present in the samples including
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FD12F8B1FB4359A8" authority="Jones" authorityName="Jones" box="[647,1173,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Karnyothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FD12F8B1FCAB59A8" box="[647,893,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Karnyothrips flavipes</emphasis>
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Jones (Phlaeothripidae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FB36F8B1FABC59AE" box="[1187,1386,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FB36F8B1FA9659A8" box="[1187,1344,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Cryptolaemus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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and other ladybird beetle larvae (
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FE42F86DFDA15984" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[471,631,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccinellidae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FD1FF86DFCEB5984" authorityName="C.Willmann" authorityYear="1952" box="[650,829,1952,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Eupalopsellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eupalopsellidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FCE6F86DFBD45984" authorityName="A.Berlese" authorityYear="1916" box="[883,1026,1952,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Phytoseiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phytoseiidae</taxonomicName>
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|
predatory mites, and
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D1C6A33AE64FB61F86DFA4A5985" box="[1268,1436,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Diadiplosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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|
<emphasis id="B967EA8D6A33AE64FB61F86DFAA35984" box="[1268,1397,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Diadiplosis</emphasis>
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|
sp.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
larvae feeding on the mealybug eggs.
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |