514 lines
74 KiB
XML
514 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="1C938F388B44DB37F4EEB07E4CFD389B" ID-CLB-Dataset="31547" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fbe5f21f-6dfc-4392-a346-61597b2d77b4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1048525" ID-ZooBank="610C16FC-0583-4325-B264-6D768E48BC88" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1510647766962" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Castro-Gerardino, Diana Jimena & Llorente-Bousquets, Jorge" docDate="2017" docId="4F018817FF8C145EFF09FF51D85CFA34" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4347.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4347 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leptideini" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="416" masterDocId="B338F06FFF821451FF9EFFC9D954FFF4" masterDocTitle="Comparative exploration of antennae in Pseudopontia, and antennal clubs of the tribes Leptideini and Dismorphiini (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)" masterLastPageNumber="445" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="415" updateTime="1698484273336" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DEE85E90DE98A0486F4363D90FCA2413">
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<mods:title id="F813472201FF1C96085C62078B534EDF">Comparative exploration of antennae in Pseudopontia, and antennal clubs of the tribes Leptideini and Dismorphiini (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4FA6A2C445D820F5E28838D001B172AA">Castro-Gerardino, Diana Jimena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A2979182CF2C2716260D31BDA71D07BC">Llorente-Bousquets, Jorge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6D69F6415EB51CEDD1BD8CD7C8AABBCB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="56F981F196520DBD5D331567F48A2AB6">
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<mods:date id="850869FBBCFC0CCF9FA261967E8F1446">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C018F9985E4FE1E10B2D88AC8D465C5D">2017-11-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7244E5318A0545C088E248E626F43EE8">4347</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="87CABEE906A2546F5CB78FE5DA3302D6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4F018817FF8C145EFF09FF51D85CFA34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6002160" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137294973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6002160" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F018817FF8C145EFF09FF51D85CFA34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F018817FF8C145EFF09FF51D85CFA34" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<subSubSection id="8FB26A8AFF8C145FFF09FF51DDEDFEE7" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C7173901FF8C145FFF09FF51D8CFFF46" blockId="14.[151,411,151,178]" box="[151,411,151,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<heading id="9C5F8E6DFF8C145FFF09FF51D8CFFF46" bold="true" box="[151,411,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFF09FF51D8CFFF46" authority="(Leptidea)" baseAuthorityName="Leptidea" box="[151,411,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptideini">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFF09FF51D8CFFF46" bold="true" box="[151,411,151,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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Leptideini (
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFEB6FF5ED8C4FF45" bold="true" box="[296,400,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Leptidea</emphasis>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C7173901FF8C145FFF09FF11DDEDFEE7" blockId="14.[151,1437,215,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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We studied the following species (see the appendix):
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFCB8FF10DD6AFF1B" authority="amurensis" authorityName="amurensis Menetries" authorityYear="1859" box="[806,1086,216,240]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="amurensis" subSpecies="amurensis">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFCB8FF10DD6AFF1B" box="[806,1086,216,240]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. amurensis amurensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFBCDFF10DC24FF1B" authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1911" box="[1107,1392,216,240]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="amurensis" subSpecies="emisinapis">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFBCDFF10DC24FF1B" box="[1107,1392,216,240]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. amurensis emisinapis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFA1BFF10D84FFEE0" authorityName="Bolshakov" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darvazensis">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFA1BFF10D84FFEE0" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. darvazensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFEB7FF35D896FEE0" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[297,450,252,276]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponcheli">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFEB7FF35D896FEE0" box="[297,450,252,276]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. duponcheli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFE4FFF35DB04FEE7" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[465,592,252,275]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFE4FFF35DB04FEE7" box="[465,592,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFDC0FF35DBB2FEE7" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1946" box="[606,742,252,275]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFDC0FF35DBB2FEE7" box="[606,742,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. juvernica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFD6AFF35DAE4FEE7" authority="morsei" box="[756,944,252,275]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="morsei" subSpecies="morsei">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFD6AFF35DAE4FEE7" box="[756,944,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. morsei morsei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFC70FF35DDEDFEE7" box="[1006,1209,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFC70FF35DDE1FEE7" authority="sinapis" authorityName="sinapis Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1006,1205,252,275]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="sinapis">L. sinapis sinapis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FB26A8AFF8C145EFF59FEEAD85CFA34" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C7173901FF8C145FFF59FEEADA83FE57" blockId="14.[151,1437,215,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFF59FEEAD8DFFEC3" bold="true" box="[199,395,291,311]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">ANTENNAL CLUB</emphasis>
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: In
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFE22FED6DB7BFECC" box="[444,559,287,312]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptideini">Leptideini</taxonomicName>
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the length of the antenna is considerably less than one-half the length of the forewing costal margin; the club is pyriform and slightly flattened (
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<bibRefCitation id="A33944F0FF8C145FFC1AFE8ADD4AFEA8" author="Higgins" box="[900,1054,323,348]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Higgins, L. G. (1975) The classification of European butterflies. Collins, London, 320 pp." type="book" year="1975">Higgins 1975</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFBABFE8ADDC2FEAF" box="[1077,1174,323,348]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[227,1405,548,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1429,473,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A – D). Antennal clubs and scaleless antennomeres in Dismorphiinae. A. Antennal club of Leptidea juvernica ♂; B. scaleless antennomeres of Pseudopieris v. viridula ♂; C. distal antennomere of Pseudopieris v. viridula ♂, three central sulci, the most distal reduced like a pseudosulcus; D. Sixth antennomere more distal of the club (from the first scaleless) Enantia a. albania ♂; it shows the typical configuration in Dismorphiinae: three sulci, two laterals (sl) and one central (sc); pseudosulci (ps)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048527/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFB52FE8ADDBBFEA8" box="[1228,1263,323,348]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A – D). Antennal club of Dismorphiinae and Pseudopontiinae species. A. Antennal apex in Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 220); B. Leptidea juvernica ♂ (x 140); C. Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 90); D. L. gigantea ♀ (x 70)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048539/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">6B</figureCitation>
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). Regardless of the number of antennomeres, the scaleless club is longer in females than in males, especially in
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFB4EFEA1DC04FE8B" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1232,1360,360,383]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFB4EFEA1DC04FE8B" box="[1232,1360,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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where the club of the female is almost twice the length of the male (
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<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFCDBFE43DA9EFE57" box="[837,970,394,419]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A – D). Antennal club of Dismorphiinae and Pseudopontiinae species. A. Antennal apex in Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 220); B. Leptidea juvernica ♂ (x 140); C. Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 90); D. L. gigantea ♀ (x 70)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048539/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Figs. 6C, D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C7173901FF8C145FFF59FE78D9BEFBF6" blockId="14.[151,1437,215,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFF59FE78D8D2FE31" bold="true" box="[199,390,433,453]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">ANTENNOMERES</emphasis>
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: The number of scaleless antennomeres is four to ten and may be the same number for both sexes:
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFF7DFE1AD827FE1E" baseAuthorityName="Ménétriés" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[227,371,467,490]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFF7DFE1AD827FE1E" box="[227,371,467,490]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. amurensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(4–5),
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFE5BFE1ADB33FE1E" authorityName="Bolshakov" authorityYear="2004" box="[453,615,466,490]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darvazensis">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFE5BFE1ADB33FE1E" box="[453,615,466,490]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. darvazensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(4), and
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFD53FE1ADA33FE1E" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[717,871,466,490]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponcheli">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFD53FE1ADA33FE1E" box="[717,871,466,490]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. duponcheli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(5–6); or one more in females (
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||
<quantity id="005094E4FF8C145FFB50FE1BDDAFFE1F" box="[1230,1275,466,491]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
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the male;
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<quantity id="005094E4FF8C145FFAEFFE1BDCC8FE1F" box="[1393,1436,466,491]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
the female):
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFEBAFE3ED8D9FDFA" baseAuthorityName="Fenton" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[292,397,503,526]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsei">
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||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFEBAFE3ED8D9FDFA" box="[292,397,503,526]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. morsei</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFE05FE3EDB76FDFA" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1946" box="[411,546,503,526]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFE05FE3EDB76FDFA" box="[411,546,503,526]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. juvernica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFDC0FE3EDB9FFDFA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[606,715,503,526]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFDC0FE3EDB9FFDFA" box="[606,715,503,526]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. sinapis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFD47FE3EDA0CFDFA" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[729,856,503,526]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFD47FE3EDA0CFDFA" box="[729,856,503,526]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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deviates from this pattern with
|
||
<quantity id="005094E4FF8C145FFB24FE3CDDB0FDFA" box="[1210,1252,501,526]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
|
||
the male and
|
||
<quantity id="005094E4FF8C145FFA1EFE3FD9F9FDC6" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
the female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFED7FDD0D88EFDC6" box="[329,474,537,562]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A – D). Antennal club of Dismorphiinae and Pseudopontiinae species. A. Antennal apex in Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 220); B. Leptidea juvernica ♂ (x 140); C. Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 90); D. L. gigantea ♀ (x 70)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048539/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Figs. 6C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the dorsal surface, the scaled area extends another two antennomeres in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFA1BFDD3D84FFDA1" authorityName="Bolshakov" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darvazensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFA1BFDD3D84FFDA1" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. darvazensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; reaches an additional antennomere in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFD7CFDF7DA21FDA1" baseAuthorityName="Ménétriés" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[738,885,574,597]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFD7CFDF7DA21FDA1" box="[738,885,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFC1BFDF7DD76FDA1" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[901,1058,573,597]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponcheli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFC1BFDF7DD76FDA1" box="[901,1058,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. duponcheli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFBFBFDF7DD85FDA1" baseAuthorityName="Fenton" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1125,1233,574,597]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsei">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFBFBFDF7DD85FDA1" box="[1125,1233,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. morsei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and occupies an equal number of antennomeres as the ventral surface
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFC8BFDA8DAFDFD8D" authorityName="sinapis Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[789,937,609,634]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="sinapis">
|
||
in
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFCA9FDABDAFDFD8D" box="[823,937,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFC74FDABDD23FD8D" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1946" box="[1002,1143,610,633]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFC74FDABDD23FD8D" box="[1002,1143,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. juvernica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The distal two or three antennomeres are fused (male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFD80FD4CDBEFFD69" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[542,699,645,669]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponcheli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFD80FD4CDBEFFD69" box="[542,699,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. duponcheli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFCD8FD4CDA9EFD68" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[838,970,645,668]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFCD8FD4CDA9EFD68" box="[838,970,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), sometimes with an incomplete suture, especially on the dorsal surface. The last antennomere is almost twice as long as the preceding one, and sometimes the two or three distal sulci are separated or fused into a single long sulcus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFC40FD05DD61FD11" box="[990,1077,716,741]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A – D). Antennal club of Dismorphiinae and Pseudopontiinae species. A. Antennal apex in Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 220); B. Leptidea juvernica ♂ (x 140); C. Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 90); D. L. gigantea ♀ (x 70)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048539/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The basal antennomere is very wide and depressed, and the ratio in length or amplitude (l:a) is 1:5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFC13FD26DABAFCFC" box="[909,1006,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[227,1405,548,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1429,473,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A – D). Antennal clubs and scaleless antennomeres in Dismorphiinae. A. Antennal club of Leptidea juvernica ♂; B. scaleless antennomeres of Pseudopieris v. viridula ♂; C. distal antennomere of Pseudopieris v. viridula ♂, three central sulci, the most distal reduced like a pseudosulcus; D. Sixth antennomere more distal of the club (from the first scaleless) Enantia a. albania ♂; it shows the typical configuration in Dismorphiinae: three sulci, two laterals (sl) and one central (sc); pseudosulci (ps)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048527/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFBBAFD26DD13FCFC" box="[1060,1095,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A – D). Antennal club of Dismorphiinae and Pseudopontiinae species. A. Antennal apex in Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 220); B. Leptidea juvernica ♂ (x 140); C. Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 90); D. L. gigantea ♀ (x 70)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048539/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFBE7FD38DDACFCF3" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1145,1272,752,776]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFBE7FD38DDACFCF3" box="[1145,1272,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this ratio is on average 1:
|
||
<quantity id="005094E4FF8C145FFE9BFCDDD860FCD8" box="[261,308,787,812]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
both females and males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFDD1FCDADB9CFCD8" box="[591,712,787,812]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A – D). Antennal club of Dismorphiinae and Pseudopontiinae species. A. Antennal apex in Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 220); B. Leptidea juvernica ♂ (x 140); C. Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 90); D. L. gigantea ♀ (x 70)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048539/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The antennomeres are barrel-shaped (doliform), depressed, and flat. The proximal edge is wider, so the club is progressively reduced in amplitude (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFBE4FCFEDD82FCA4" box="[1146,1238,823,848]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A – D). Antennal club of Dismorphiinae and Pseudopontiinae species. A. Antennal apex in Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 220); B. Leptidea juvernica ♂ (x 140); C. Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 90); D. L. gigantea ♀ (x 70)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048539/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFA8FFCF1DCC1FCBB" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1297,1429,824,847]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFA8FFCF1DCC1FCBB" box="[1297,1429,824,847]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although they are also barrel-shaped, they are much less depressed and their amplitude is constant; for this reason they are more like those of Dismorphiini (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFDEFFCB7DBBAFC63" box="[625,750,894,919]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1184,1206]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A – D). Mesial scaleless antennomeres I of Pseudopontiinae and Dismorphiinae species (from the scaleless baseline). A. Tenth antennomere in antenna of Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 270); B. Fourth antennomere in the antennal club of Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 500); C. Fifth antennomere in L. gigantea ♀ (x 375); D. Fifth antennomere of Enantia citrinella ♂ (x 370)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048545/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 9B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distal antennomere is slightly flattened and cupuliform with the most acute apex in some cases, where there is a ridge (male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFC72FC6ADD2BFC4E" baseAuthorityName="Ménétriés" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1004,1151,931,954]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFC72FC6ADD2BFC4E" box="[1004,1151,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFB25FC6ADC6AFC4E" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1211,1342,931,954]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFB25FC6ADC6AFC4E" box="[1211,1342,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the last antennomere is also cupuliform but not flattened; in the male it is short, whereas in the female it is elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFAF1FC0FD989FBF6" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A – D). Antennal club of Dismorphiinae and Pseudopontiinae species. A. Antennal apex in Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 220); B. Leptidea juvernica ♂ (x 140); C. Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 90); D. L. gigantea ♀ (x 70)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048539/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C7173901FF8C145FFF59FBD8DB7FF8CC" blockId="14.[151,1437,215,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFF59FBD8D8A5FBD1" bold="true" box="[199,497,1041,1061]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">SULCI AND PSEUDOSULCI</emphasis>
|
||
: Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFD19FBC7DBBDFBD2" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[647,745,1038,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFD19FBC7DBBDFBD2" box="[647,745,1038,1062]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Leptidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses the trisulcate configuration (one central and two lateral or lateral-dorsal surface) but in some cases, the sulci are absenting in the first scaleless antennomere of the club (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFF49FB9FD825FB99" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[215,369,1109,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponcheli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFF49FB9FD825FB99" box="[215,369,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. duponcheli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and females of
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFDBCFB9FDA62FB99" box="[546,822,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFDBCFB9FDBF0FB99" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[546,676,1110,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">L. gigantea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFD31FB9FDA62FB99" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1946" box="[687,822,1110,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">L. juvernica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFCEDFB9FDD4AFB99" authorityName="amurensis Menetries" authorityYear="1859" box="[883,1054,1110,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="amurensis" subSpecies="amurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFCEDFB9FDD4AFB99" box="[883,1054,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. a. amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFBA8FB9CDDDBFB9A" box="[1078,1167,1109,1134]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[227,1405,548,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1429,473,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A – D). Antennal clubs and scaleless antennomeres in Dismorphiinae. A. Antennal club of Leptidea juvernica ♂; B. scaleless antennomeres of Pseudopieris v. viridula ♂; C. distal antennomere of Pseudopieris v. viridula ♂, three central sulci, the most distal reduced like a pseudosulcus; D. Sixth antennomere more distal of the club (from the first scaleless) Enantia a. albania ♂; it shows the typical configuration in Dismorphiinae: three sulci, two laterals (sl) and one central (sc); pseudosulci (ps)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048527/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The number of central and lateral sulci is variable but does not always correspond to the number of antennomeres:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFB05FBB3DC7FFB65" baseAuthorityName="Ménétriés" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1179,1323,1146,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFB05FBB3DC7FFB65" box="[1179,1323,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male: 3– 4 central and 8–9 lateral; females: 4 central and 8–9 lateral),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFCF7FB54DD5BFB41" authorityName="Bolshakov" authorityYear="2004" box="[873,1039,1181,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darvazensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFCF7FB54DD5BFB41" box="[873,1039,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. darvazensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(males: 4 central and 8–9 lateral; females: 4 central and 9 lateral),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFD8EFB08DBFFFB2C" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[528,683,1216,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponcheli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFD8EFB08DBFFFB2C" box="[528,683,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. duponcheli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4–5 central and 7–8 lateral),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFB99FB08DD26FB2C" baseAuthorityName="Fenton" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1031,1138,1217,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsei">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFB99FB08DD26FB2C" box="[1031,1138,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. morsei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(males: 3–4 central and 8 lateral; females: 4 central and 7–8 lateral),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFDE2FB2CDBBDFB08" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[636,745,1253,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFDE2FB2CDBBDFB08" box="[636,745,1253,1276]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(males: 3–4 central and 7–8 lateral; females: 2–3 central and 7–8 lateral), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFEC4FAC0D8B7FAEB" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1946" box="[346,483,1288,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFEC4FAC0D8B7FAEB" box="[346,483,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. juvernica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3–4 central and 8 lateral). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFCDAFAC0DA91FAEB" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[836,965,1288,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFCDAFAC0DA91FAEB" box="[836,965,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the male has six central and eight lateral sulci, but these extend to the dorsal surface forming a continuous band like on the ventral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFA97FAE2DC3FFAB0" box="[1289,1387,1323,1348]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1159]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A – D). Antennal club of Dismorphiinae and Pseudopontiinae species. A. Antennal apex in Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 220); B. Leptidea juvernica ♂ (x 140); C. Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 90); D. L. gigantea ♀ (x 70)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048539/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Figs. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFF09FA99D9EEFA9C" box="[151,186,1360,1384]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1184,1206]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A – D). Mesial scaleless antennomeres I of Pseudopontiinae and Dismorphiinae species (from the scaleless baseline). A. Tenth antennomere in antenna of Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 270); B. Fourth antennomere in the antennal club of Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 500); C. Fifth antennomere in L. gigantea ♀ (x 375); D. Fifth antennomere of Enantia citrinella ♂ (x 370)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048545/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
); the female shows the highest number of central and lateral sulci of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFC4BFA86DD1CFA9C" box="[981,1096,1359,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptideini">Leptideini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(9–10 central and 18 lateral). They occupy more than three-fourths or the entire length of the antennomere, continuous with the anterior and posterior sulci (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFED7FA51D8E2FA5B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[329,438,1432,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFED7FA51D8E2FA5B" box="[329,438,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFE58FA51DB64FA5B" baseAuthorityName="Fenton" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[454,560,1432,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsei">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFE58FA51DB64FA5B" box="[454,560,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. morsei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFDEEFA51DBADFA5B" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1946" box="[624,761,1432,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFDEEFA51DBADFA5B" box="[624,761,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. juvernica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a true groove); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFC4BFA51DD02FA5B" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[981,1110,1432,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFC4BFA51DD02FA5B" box="[981,1110,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the central sulci occupy less than one-half the length of the antennomere (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFD07FA73DA41FA27" box="[665,789,1466,1491]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1184,1206]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A – D). Mesial scaleless antennomeres I of Pseudopontiinae and Dismorphiinae species (from the scaleless baseline). A. Tenth antennomere in antenna of Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 270); B. Fourth antennomere in the antennal club of Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 500); C. Fifth antennomere in L. gigantea ♀ (x 375); D. Fifth antennomere of Enantia citrinella ♂ (x 370)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048545/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 9B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). They may be truncated vertical-elliptical (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFA96FA72DC21FA26" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1288,1397,1467,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFA96FA72DC21FA26" box="[1288,1397,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFA1BFA72D9B7FA02" baseAuthorityName="Fenton" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsei">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFA1BFA72D9B7FA02" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. morsei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFEBFFA16D8FCFA02" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1946" box="[289,424,1503,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFEBFFA16D8FCFA02" box="[289,424,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. juvernica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but most are irregular. They also may be disaggregated (females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFB2AFA16DC1AFA02" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1204,1358,1502,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponcheli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFB2AFA16DC1AFA02" box="[1204,1358,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. duponcheli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFA1BFA16D9ADF9EE" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFA1BFA16D9ADF9EE" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or aggregates of irregular outline and accompanied by several pseudosulci (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFB37F9CADC14F9EE" baseAuthorityName="Ménétriés" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1193,1344,1539,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFB37F9CADC14F9EE" box="[1193,1344,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFA1BF9CAD84FF9CA" authorityName="Bolshakov" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darvazensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFA1BF9CAD84FF9CA" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. darvazensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFE42F9EEDB09F9CA" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[476,605,1575,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFE42F9EEDB09F9CA" box="[476,605,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the central sulci are strongly truncated aggregates and semi-elliptic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8C145FFAF1F9ECD99FF996" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1706,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,207,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,207,1663]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. (A – F). Central sulci and pseudosulci in some species of Dismorphiinae. A. Sulcus in the 2 ° antennomere in Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x 451); B. Sulcus in the 2 ° antennomere of L. gigantea ♀ (x 800) irregular outline and near to pseudosulcus; C. Sulcus 6 ° antennomere in Enantia jethys ♂ (x 850), with two pseudosulci; D. Central sulcus (well-defined boundary) in the 2 ° antennomere of Pseudopieris nehemia jessica ♂ (x 900); E. Sulcus in the 3 ° antennomere of Moschoneura pinthous ♂ (x 550); F. Sulcus in the 5 ° antennomere Patia c. cordillera ♀ (x 550)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048551/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lateral sulci are transverse or almost rectangular semi-elliptic and occupy one-half or less of the length of the antennomere; like the central ones, they can also appear disaggregated. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFBAEF9A7DD87F971" authorityName="Bolshakov" authorityYear="2004" box="[1072,1235,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darvazensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFBAEF9A7DD87F971" box="[1072,1235,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. darvazensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFA92F9A7DCC1F971" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1946" box="[1292,1429,1646,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFA92F9A7DCC1F971" box="[1292,1429,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. juvernica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they are practically hidden in the distal antennomere. They extend to the dorsal surface from the second antennomere without flakes of the club (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFDFAF97CDA52F939" authorityName="Bolshakov" authorityYear="2004" box="[612,774,1717,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darvazensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFDFAF97CDA52F939" box="[612,774,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. darvazensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFC8BF97CDAD7F938" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[789,899,1717,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFC8BF97CDAD7F938" box="[789,899,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFC0DF97CDD77F938" baseAuthorityName="Ménétriés" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[915,1059,1717,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFC0DF97CDD77F938" box="[915,1059,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFB0FF97CDDA8F938" baseAuthorityName="Fenton" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1169,1276,1717,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsei">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFB0FF97CDDA8F938" box="[1169,1276,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. morsei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFA1BF97CD855F904" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1946" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFA1BF97CD855F904" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. juvernica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females) or third antennomere (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFDF3F910DA5CF904" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[621,776,1752,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponcheli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFDF3F910DA5CF904" box="[621,776,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. duponcheli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFCE1F910DD5BF904" baseAuthorityName="Ménétriés" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[895,1039,1753,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFCE1F910DD5BF904" box="[895,1039,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFB02F910DC52F904" baseAuthorityName="Fenton" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1180,1286,1753,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsei">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFB02F910DC52F904" box="[1180,1286,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. morsei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFF29F934D871F8E0" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[183,293,1789,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFF29F934D871F8E0" box="[183,293,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Only in the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFDADF934DBE8F8E0" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1946" box="[563,700,1789,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFDADF934DBE8F8E0" box="[563,700,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. juvernica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFD68F934DA23F8E0" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[758,887,1789,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFD68F934DA23F8E0" box="[758,887,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do the lateral sulci have a lateral-dorsal surface position from the first antennomere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C7173901FF8C145FFF59F88ED87AF81E" blockId="14.[151,1437,215,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFF59F88ED82CF8AF" bold="true" box="[199,376,1863,1883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">MICROTRICHIA</emphasis>
|
||
: We found microtrichia m1, m2, and m4. Within the sulci they fuse with the elliptical cuticular ring of the trichoid sensilla. Within sulci, the ratio of sensilla to microtrichia (st:m) is usually 1:2, 1:3 or 1:4. In the first partially scaled antennomere (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8C145FFDB9F845DB90F857" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[551,708,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponcheli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8C145FFDB9F845DB90F857" box="[551,708,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">L. duponcheli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the m2 are flatter, larger, have fewer striations, and are more separated from each other. In the antennomeres union, m2 are shorter, almost smooth, and sometimes with a toothed apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C7173901FF8D145EFF59FF52D987FE24" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFF59FF52D8E4FF5B" bold="true" box="[199,432,155,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">TRICHOID SENSILLA</emphasis>
|
||
: These sensilla are 14–29µm in length, usually shorter than the chaetic sensilla and longer than the basiconic sensilla. A cuticular ring surrounds them, and their stalk is inclined, pointing toward the apex of the sulcus that contains them. The bases of these sensilla are smooth or have sinuous tufts of cuticle, or the stalk appears to be embedded within a darker socket. In the cuticular wall there are some short striate and near them, a few tiny pores. The cuticular rings are partially fused with type 1 microtrichia (m1). In the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFA92FEE0DCC1FECB" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1946" box="[1292,1429,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFA92FEE0DCC1FECB" box="[1292,1429,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. juvernica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, several excrescences or ornaments are present in the sulci as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFCF1FE85DD29FE90" baseAuthorityName="R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[879,1149,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pseudopontia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFCF1FE85DD29FE90" box="[879,1149,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Pseudopontia paradoxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but packed more tightly due to the smaller space between the microtrichia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8D145EFD4AFEA6DA6FFE7C" box="[724,827,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,237,1692]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 13. (A – F). Trichoid sensilla in central sulci of Pseudopontiinae and Dismorphiinae. A. Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 4.0 k), with large pore (p) among microtrichia (m 1) and small cuticular prominences (pc); B. Leptidea juvernica ♂ (x 3.5 k; LCCA 10 kV; WIDTH 37.7 µm) with prominences (pc), more abundant; C. Enantia citrinella ♂ (x 2.7 k) with pores (p), like P. paradoxa, but scarcer; bases of sensilla with ornamentations (arrow); D. Pseudopieris sp. nov. ♂ (x 3.5 k) has the shorter sensilla; E. Lieinix neblina ♂ (x 3.5 k), the bases of the sensilla highly ornamented (arrows); F. Dismorphia amphione isolda ♀ (x 3.5 k)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048553/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the female they are very rare. In the females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFA1BFEB8D9B2FE58" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFA1BFEB8D9B2FE58" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFEBFFE5CD8F6FE58" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[289,418,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFEBFFE5CD8F6FE58" box="[289,418,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some of the trichoid sensilla are bifurcate from the middle or the distal one-third of the stalk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C7173901FF8D145EFF59FE16D9BBFDC9" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFF59FE16D8E8FE07" bold="true" box="[199,444,479,499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">BASICONIC SENSILLA</emphasis>
|
||
: Basiconic sensilla are scattered outside the sulci, although they are not abundant. In the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFE8EFDC8D8C7FDE3" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[272,403,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFE8EFDC8D8C7FDE3" box="[272,403,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a few basic branched sensilla end in three apices; this structure does not occur in other species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C7173901FF8D145EFF59FD82DADAFD70" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFF59FD82D88BFDAB" bold="true" box="[199,479,587,607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">AURICULATE SENSILLA</emphasis>
|
||
: Like basiconic sensilla, we found these outside the sulci in the scaleless antennomeres of the club; chaetic sensilla are abundant in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFCBAFDA5DAD2FD70" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[804,902,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFCBAFDA5DAD2FD70" box="[804,902,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Leptidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C7173901FF8D145EFF59FD5AD811FC18" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFF59FD5AD8F3FD53" bold="true" box="[199,423,659,679]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">CHAETIC SENSILLA</emphasis>
|
||
: In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFE46FD59DB6FFD5C" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[472,571,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFE46FD59DB6FFD5C" box="[472,571,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Leptidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are the chaetic sensilla type 1 (sq1), which have an average length of 25µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8D145EFF75FD7DD807FD39" box="[235,339,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1190,1212]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,193,1167]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1169]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 15. Types of chaetic sensilla in Pseudopontinae and Dismorphiinae. A. sq 1 in Pseudopontia paradoxa (x 1.8 k) where the sensilas are very long and thin; B. sq 1 in Leptidea amurensis amurensis ♂ (x 4.5 k), C. sq 2 in Moschoneura pinthous patricia ♂ (x 2.3 k); D. sq 3 found in Enantia jethys ♂ (x 3.5 k)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048557/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFE15FD7CDB59FD38" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[395,525,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFE15FD7CDB59FD38" box="[395,525,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFD00FD7CDA6FFD38" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[670,827,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponcheli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFD00FD7CDA6FFD38" box="[670,827,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. duponcheli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we found shorter sensilla that usually do not exceed 20µm, whereas the rest of the sensilla are between 20 and 30µm. The chaetic sensilla in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFBE6FD10DDACFD1B" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1144,1272,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFBE6FD10DDACFD1B" box="[1144,1272,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are frequently as long as the trichoid or only slightly shorter. Usually, there are six to ten per antennae on the ventral surface, located toward the middle between the central sulcus and the lateral sulci; also, there is always one under the latter. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFF2BFC8CD861FCA8" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[181,309,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFF2BFC8CD861FCA8" box="[181,309,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are in the upper half of the antennomere, on the periphery of the sulci, and do not always retain the typical lateral or lateral-mesial distribution of other species; they may be found within some central sulci. In the female they also exhibit a heterogeneous and random distribution. On the dorsal surface they are in the middle area of the antennomeres and are often more abundant in the apex of the last antennomere, except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFB4EFC78DC04FC33" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1232,1360,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFB4EFC78DC04FC33" box="[1232,1360,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where they are scarce.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C7173901FF8D145EFF59FC32D84AFB54" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFF59FC32D88CFBFB" bold="true" box="[199,472,1019,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">COELOCONIC SENSILLA</emphasis>
|
||
: These sensilla are more abundant on the dorsal surface of the antenna, usually scarce on the ventral surface and located toward the lateral surface of the antennomere, near the sulci lateral. Two
|
||
<typeStatus id="181387A3FF8D145EFADDFBD4DC2AFBC1" box="[1347,1406,1053,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of sensilla were observed:
|
||
<typeStatus id="181387A3FF8D145EFE2AFB89D8B0FBAC" box="[436,484,1088,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 (sc1) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="181387A3FF8D145EFD18FB89DBE2FBAC" box="[646,694,1088,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 (sc2) coeloconic sensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8D145EFB8FFBF6DDF4FBAC" box="[1041,1184,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,193,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1158]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. (A – D). Sensilla in Dismorphiinae. A. Coeloconic sensilla type 1 (sc 1) in Dismorphia spio ♂ (x 9.0 k) surrounded by m 2; B. Coeloconic sensilla type 1 (sc 1) in Lieinix nemesis athis ♂ (x 6.5 k) accompanied by m 3; C. Coeloconic sensilla type 2 (sc 2) in Leptidea duponcheli ♂ (x 8.0 k) associated with m 4; D. Basiconic sensilla (sb) in Enantia citrinella ♀ (x 6.5 k)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048555/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 14A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFB27FB89DC04FBA3" authorityName="sinapis Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1209,1360,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="sinapis">
|
||
In
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFB43FB88DC04FBA3" box="[1245,1360,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFAFAFB88D85DFB88" authorityName="amurensis Menetries" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="amurensis" subSpecies="amurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFAFAFB88D85DFB88" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. a. amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFED6FBACD8BEFB88" authorityName="Bolshakov" authorityYear="2004" box="[328,490,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darvazensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFED6FBACD8BEFB88" box="[328,490,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. darvazensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the two
|
||
<typeStatus id="181387A3FF8D145EFDD0FBACDBDDFB89" box="[590,649,1125,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">types</typeStatus>
|
||
can be found in pairs. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFC30FBACDD7AFB88" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[942,1070,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFC30FBACDD7AFB88" box="[942,1070,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only the female has coeloconic sensilla sc1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C7173901FF8D145EFF59FB66DA64FA8C" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFF59FB66D8DAFB37" bold="true" box="[199,398,1199,1219]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">OTHER SENSILLA</emphasis>
|
||
: Unidentified sensilla 1 (sni1) occur in groups at the apex of the distal antennomere (female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFF28FB19D8DFFB13" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1946" box="[182,395,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFF28FB19D8DFFB13" box="[182,395,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Leptidea juvernica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8D145EFE3BFB06DB58FB1C" box="[421,524,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,196,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1164]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 16. Other sensilla in Dismorphiini. A. Sensilla auriculate in Pseudopieris sp. nov. ♀ (x 10.0 k); B. Unidentified sensilla 1 (sni 1) in Leptidea juvernica ♀ (x 4.7 k) where they are grouped at the apex of the distal antennomere; C. Unidentified sensilla 2 (sni 2) in Pseudopieris nehemia aequatorialis ♂ (x 4.7 k); D. Unidentified sensilla 3 (sni 3) in Leptidea darvazensis ♂ (x 14.0 k)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048559/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Unidentified sensilla 2 (ni2) is more common on the dorsal surface of the first scaleless antennomere of the club, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A84282FF8D145EFD1EFB3CDA57FAF8" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[640,771,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFD1EFB3CDA57FAF8" box="[640,771,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">L. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it may be on the ventral side of the distal antennomere. Unidentified sensilla 3 (ni3) are at the apex of this antennomere (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F932584FF8D145EFC1DFADEDAB9FAC4" box="[899,1005,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,196,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1164]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 16. Other sensilla in Dismorphiini. A. Sensilla auriculate in Pseudopieris sp. nov. ♀ (x 10.0 k); B. Unidentified sensilla 1 (sni 1) in Leptidea juvernica ♀ (x 4.7 k) where they are grouped at the apex of the distal antennomere; C. Unidentified sensilla 2 (sni 2) in Pseudopieris nehemia aequatorialis ♂ (x 4.7 k); D. Unidentified sensilla 3 (sni 3) in Leptidea darvazensis ♂ (x 14.0 k)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048559/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 16D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The same types of sensilla were not always documented in all species because sometimes it was not possible to capture images of the dorsal surface of the antennae where sensilla may be confined to that region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C7173901FF8D145EFF59FA4ED85CFA34" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5DCE513FF8D145EFF59FA4ED845FA6F" bold="true" box="[199,273,1415,1435]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">PORES</emphasis>
|
||
: Pores are found throughout the antennal club, although they are only visible when the microtrichia are separated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |