treatments-xml/data/2A/08/87/2A0887A5991D5E21BCF8F8A1FA91F897.xml

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<mods:title id="56C14312D3F5788905966D102E1D2AFA">On some miscellaneous sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in the collections of the South African Museum with three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="986C202D81DA211E0E05B180C781640A">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="EABB6538991D5E20BCF8F8A1FDB3F80B" box="[151,599,1899,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="F95681DF991D5E20BCF8F8A1FDB3F80B" bold="true" box="[151,599,1899,1925]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="65A14D30991D5E20BCF8F8A1FDB3F80B" ID-CoL="57NCX" authority="(Semper, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[151,599,1899,1925]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachasina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crucifera">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991D5E20BCF8F8A1FDB3F80B" bold="true" box="[151,599,1899,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991D5E20BCF8F8A1FE72F80B" bold="true" box="[151,406,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Trachasina crucifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991D5E20BDCAF8A1FDABF80B" author="Semper, C." box="[421,591,1899,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" pagination="117 - 122" refId="ref15785" refString="Semper, C. (1869) Die Holothurien Ostafrikas. In Decken, C. C. von der Reisin in Ost Afrika. Leipzig &amp; Heidelberg, 3 (1), 117 - 122, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1869">Semper, 1869</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EABB6538991D5E20BCF8F847FEE3F828" box="[151,263,1933,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="A21E36B3991D5E20BCF8F847FEE3F828" blockId="2.[151,599,1899,1958]" box="[151,263,1933,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
(
<figureCitation id="3A9A2A36991D5E20BCF1F847FF1BF828" box="[158,255,1933,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1408,1430]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,318,1386]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,318,1386]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Trachasina crucifera (Semper, 1869). SAMC-A090911. A. Specimen (entire); B. Body wall plates; C. Rods from tube feet; D. Rods from tentacles; E. Rosettes from tentacles; F. Crosses from tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Figure 2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EABB6538991D5E21BCF8F81CFEE3FE84" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A21E36B3991D5E20BCF8F81CFD97F865" blockId="2.[151,627,2005,2027]" box="[151,627,2005,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="82B1119D991D5E20BCF8F81CFD97F865" box="[151,627,2005,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="65A14D30991D5E20BCF8F81CFDC9F865" ID-CoL="329H2" authority="Semper, 1869: 121" authorityName="Semper" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,557,2005,2027]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crucifera">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991D5E20BCF8F81CFE88F865" box="[151,364,2005,2027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Cucumaria crucifera</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="230010A2991D5E20BD1DF81FFDC9F865" author="Semper, C." box="[370,557,2005,2027]" page="121" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991D5E20BD1DF81FFDE7F865" author="Semper, C." box="[370,515,2005,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" pagination="117 - 122" refId="ref15785" refString="Semper, C. (1869) Die Holothurien Ostafrikas. In Decken, C. C. von der Reisin in Ost Afrika. Leipzig &amp; Heidelberg, 3 (1), 117 - 122, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1869">Semper, 1869</bibRefCitation>
:121
</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 1.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A21E36B3991C5E21BCF8FF52FB71FF20" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,266]" box="[151,1173,152,174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="82B1119D991C5E21BCF8FF52FB71FF20" box="[151,1173,152,174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="65A14D30991C5E21BCF8FF52FDA8FF20" ID-CoL="57TYV" authority="Panning, 1949: 427" authorityName="Panning" authorityPageNumber="427" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,588,152,174]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachythyone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crucifera">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991C5E21BCF8FF52FE60FF20" box="[151,388,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Trachythyone crucifera</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="230010A2991C5E21BDE5FF52FDA8FF20" author="Panning, A." box="[394,588,152,174]" page="427" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991C5E21BDE5FF52FDFAFF20" author="Panning, A." box="[394,542,152,174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref15486" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning, 1949</bibRefCitation>
:427
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 15; 
<treatmentCitation id="230010A2991C5E21BECAFF52FC82FF20" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[677,870,152,174]" page="131" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991C5E21BECAFF52FCD8FF20" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[677,828,152,174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="115 - 139" refId="ref16177" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1991) The cucumariid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. South African Journal of Zoology, 26 (3), 115 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1991.11448240" type="journal article" year="1991">Thandar, 1991</bibRefCitation>
:131
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 10a &amp; 15a (synonymy).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A21E36B3991C5E21BCF8FF7CFD7AFF42" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,266]" box="[151,670,182,204]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="82B1119D991C5E21BCF8FF7CFD7AFF42" box="[151,670,182,204]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991C5E21BCF8FF7CFF44FF42" box="[151,160,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">?</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="65A14D30991C5E21BCCFFF7CFDBCFF42" ID-CoL="57TYV" authority="Panning, 1964: 170" authorityName="Panning" authorityPageNumber="170" authorityYear="1964" box="[160,600,182,204]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachythyone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crucifera">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991C5E21BCCFFF7CFE75FF42" box="[160,401,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Trachythyone crucifera</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="230010A2991C5E21BDF8FF7CFDBCFF42" author="Panning, A." box="[407,600,182,204]" page="170" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991C5E21BDF8FF7CFDC8FF42" author="Panning, A." box="[407,556,182,204]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refId="ref15523" refString="Panning, A. (1964) Bemergungen uber die Holothurien-Familie Cucumariidea (Ordnung Dendrochirota). 3. Tein. Die. Gattungen Stereoderma, Staurothyone und Trachythyone. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, Kosswig-Festschrift, 159 - 174, 10 text-figs." type="book" year="1964">Panning, 1964</bibRefCitation>
:170
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, fig. 9.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A21E36B3991C5E21BCF8FF1FFEE3FE84" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="82B1119D991C5E21BCF8FF1FFEE3FE84" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="65A14D30991C5E21BCF8FF1FFCEDFF65" ID-CoL="57NCX" authority="Thandar &amp; Natasen Moodley, 2003: 284" authorityName="Thandar &amp; Natasen Moodley" authorityPageNumber="284" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,777,213,235]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachasina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crucifera">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991C5E21BCF8FF1FFE88FF65" box="[151,364,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Trachasina crucifera</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="230010A2991C5E21BD1CFF1FFCEDFF65" author="Thandar, A. S. &amp; Natasen Moodley, M." box="[371,777,213,235]" page="284" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991C5E21BD1CFF1FFD38FF65" author="Thandar, A. S. &amp; Natasen Moodley, M." box="[371,732,213,235]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="279 - 284" refId="ref16594" refString="Thandar, A. S. &amp; Natasen Moodley, M. (2003) Two new genera and a new species in the holothurian family Cucmariidae (Echoinodermata: Holothuroidea). African Zoology, 38, 279 - 284." type="journal article" year="2003">Thandar &amp; Natasen Moodley, 2003</bibRefCitation>
:284
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</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="230010A2991C5E21BF7BFF1FFC2DFF65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5674056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5674056" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[788,969,213,235]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E5A87CB0A635741FF37941DF2A5F9FB" page="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991C5E21BF7BFF1FFC48FF65" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[788,940,213,235]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref16398" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2006) New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa. Zootaxa, 1245, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="2006">Thandar, 2006</bibRefCitation>
:26
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 8l; Deepa &amp; Biju 
<treatmentCitation id="230010A2991C5E21B8DDFF1CFA81FF65" author="Deepa, R. P. &amp; Kumar, A. B." box="[1202,1381,213,235]" page="102" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991C5E21B8DDFF1CFADEFF65" author="Deepa, R. P. &amp; Kumar, A. B." box="[1202,1338,213,235]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="101 - 104" refId="ref14429" refString="Deepa, R. P. &amp; Kumar, A. B. (2011) New records of sea cucumbers Phyllophorus (Phyllothuria) cebuensis (Semper) and Trachasina crucifera (Semper) from the south-west coast of India. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 58 (4), 101 - 104. https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 288197501" type="journal article" year="2011">Kumar, 2011</bibRefCitation>
:102
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 3 &amp; 4.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F6DE663B991C5E21BCF8FA4AFBE9FA3A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615027/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" startId="3.[151,250,1408,1430]" targetBox="[151,1436,318,1386]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="A21E36B3991C5E21BCF8FA4AFBE9FA3A" blockId="3.[151,1435,1408,1460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991C5E21BCF8FA4AFEF7FA1B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1408,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="65A14D30991C5E21BD75FA4AFD72FA18" authority="(Semper, 1869)" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1869" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[282,662,1408,1430]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachasina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crucifera">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991C5E21BD75FA4AFE0BFA18" box="[282,495,1408,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Trachasina crucifera</emphasis>
(Semper, 1869)
</taxonomicName>
. SAMC-A090911. A. Specimen (entire); B. Body wall plates; C. Rods from tube feet; D. Rods from tentacles; E. Rosettes from tentacles; F. Crosses from tube feet.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EABB6538991C5E21BCF8FA2BFD77FA74" box="[151,659,1505,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A21E36B3991C5E21BCF8FA2BFD77FA74" blockId="3.[151,1436,1505,1818]" box="[151,659,1505,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991C5E21BCF8FA2BFEEEFA74" bold="true" box="[151,266,1505,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991C5E21BD2AFA28FE39FA74" author="Semper, C." box="[325,477,1505,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refId="ref15757" refString="Semper, C. (1868) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippen. Holothurien. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, Leipzig, pp. 288." type="book" year="1868">Semper 1868</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991C5E21BD88FA2BFD62FA74" author="Panning, A." box="[487,646,1505,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref15486" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning 1949</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EABB6538991C5E21BCA8F9CFFC15F993" box="[199,1009,1541,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A21E36B3991C5E21BCA8F9CFFC15F993" blockId="3.[151,1436,1505,1818]" box="[199,1009,1541,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991C5E21BCA8F9CFFE54F990" bold="true" box="[199,432,1541,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="12C93CEE991C5E21BDD8F9CCFC09F993" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117751542" box="[439,1005,1541,1566]" collectingDate="1956-02-19" collectionCode="SAMC-A" collectorName="da Inhaca" location="Saco da Inhaca" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="SAMC-A090911" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="F2079EC8991C5E21BDD8F9CCFD9EF990" box="[439,634,1542,1566]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
SAMC-A 
<date id="D61F1073991C5E21BE49F9CCFD9EF990" box="[550,634,1542,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" value="11-09-09">090911</date>
</specimenCode>
, 
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Saco 
<collectorName id="0F545365991C5E21BEADF9CFFCD6F990" box="[706,818,1541,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">da Inhaca</collectorName>
</location>
, 
<date id="D61F1073991C5E21BF52F9CFFC73F990" box="[829,919,1541,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" value="1956-02-19">
<collectingDate id="C65BE99B991C5E21BF52F9CFFC73F990" box="[829,919,1541,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" value="1956-02-19">19.II.56</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 spec
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EABB6538991C5E21BCA8F9E3FCDFF9E8" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A21E36B3991C5E21BCA8F9E3FCDFF9E8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1505,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991C5E21BCA8F9E3FE84F9CC" bold="true" box="[199,352,1577,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Distribution.</emphasis>
Typically West Indian Ocean, but also reported from the Bay of Bengal. In southern Africa this species occurs as far south as Scottburgh in 
<collectingRegion id="6065F851991C5E21BEECF987FCD3F9E8" box="[643,823,1613,1638]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EABB6538991C5E21BCA8F9BBFA91F897" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A21E36B3991C5E21BCA8F9BBFA91F897" blockId="3.[151,1436,1505,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1991C5E21BCA8F9BBFEDFF904" bold="true" box="[199,315,1649,1674]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Remarks.</emphasis>
This is a well-known West Indian Ocean species recently re-recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="DAB67623991C5E21B8F4F9BBFB31F904" box="[1179,1237,1649,1674]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry>
by Deepa &amp; Biju 
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991C5E21BCF8F95CFED9F920" author="Deepa, R. P. &amp; Kumar, A. B." box="[151,317,1686,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="101 - 104" refId="ref14429" refString="Deepa, R. P. &amp; Kumar, A. B. (2011) New records of sea cucumbers Phyllophorus (Phyllothuria) cebuensis (Semper) and Trachasina crucifera (Semper) from the south-west coast of India. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 58 (4), 101 - 104. https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 288197501" type="journal article" year="2011">Kumar (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991C5E21BD22F95FFE1EF920" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[333,506,1685,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="115 - 139" refId="ref16177" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1991) The cucumariid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. South African Journal of Zoology, 26 (3), 115 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1991.11448240" type="journal article" year="1991">Thandar (1991</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991C5E21BE64F95FFDA1F920" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[523,581,1685,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref16398" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2006) New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa. Zootaxa, 1245, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
) reported rosettes from the introvert but the current specimen shows an absence of ossicles in the introvert. It is possible that the rosettes could have come from the tentacles since such ossicles, together with rods, occur abundantly in the tentacles. Deepa &amp; Biju 
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42991C5E21BF9AF914FB77F978" author="Deepa, R. P. &amp; Kumar, A. B." box="[1013,1171,1758,1782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="101 - 104" refId="ref14429" refString="Deepa, R. P. &amp; Kumar, A. B. (2011) New records of sea cucumbers Phyllophorus (Phyllothuria) cebuensis (Semper) and Trachasina crucifera (Semper) from the south-west coast of India. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 58 (4), 101 - 104. https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 288197501" type="journal article" year="2011">Kumar (2011)</bibRefCitation>
do not comment on the introvert ossicles. Crosses were found throughout the body wall, including the tube feet; end-plates are present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>