treatments-xml/data/D2/E1/86/D2E186F9CAD3CC714F19CB7BCFA16A80.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.642.10773" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9974a5d1-d0cb-42d2-a7b0-7fc4955707c9" ID-PMC="PMC5240530" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-642-63" ID-PubMed="28138299" ID-ZBK="E8512D085E224794AE2331FA1F1BD606" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-642-63" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 642" ModsDocTitle="Bees of the Azores: an annotated checklist (Apidae, Hymenoptera)" checkinTime="1483539493120" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Weissmann, Julie A., Picanco, Ana, Borges, Paulo A. V. &amp; Schaefer, Hanno" docDate="2017" docId="D2E186F9CAD3CC714F19CB7BCFA16A80" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 642: 63-95" docOrigin="ZooKeys 642" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.642.10773" docTitle="Halictus malachurus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="90201D3DFFDFFFEEFF825A68CB0EFF83" masterDocTitle="Bees of the Azores: an annotated checklist (Apidae, Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1668163841874" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Bees of the Azores: an annotated checklist (Apidae, Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Weissmann, Julie A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Picanco, Ana</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Borges, Paulo A. V.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schaefer, Hanno</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>642</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>63</mods:start>
<mods:end>95</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.642.10773</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.642.10773</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-642-63</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">E8512D085E224794AE2331FA1F1BD606</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E8512D085E224794AE2331FA1F1BD606</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127889908" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2E186F9CAD3CC714F19CB7BCFA16A80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2E186F9CAD3CC714F19CB7BCFA16A80" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="14" pageNumber="77">
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName authority="Kirby" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halictus malachurus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malachurus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="77" start="start">Halictus</pageBreakToken>
malachurus (Kirby)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halictus malachurus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malachurus">Halictus malachurus</taxonomicName>
(Kirby), (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Lasioglossum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lasioglossum malachurum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malachurum">Lasioglossum malachurum</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="77" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">
Small dark brown bee (total length 7-10 mm in both sexes, wing length 5,5-6,5 mm in females and 4,5-6,5 mm in males); males and females with densely punctuated scutum and top of propodeum with angulate hind corner; males with black or extensively red abdomen, particularly long antennae and extensively yellow legs (Fig. 7
<normalizedToken originalValue="cf">c-f</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="77" type="distinguishing features">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">Distinguishing features.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">
The largest representative of the genus in the Azores;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“shoulders”">&quot;shoulders&quot;</normalizedToken>
of the thorax strongly angled (Fig. 7e).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">General distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">North Africa; Eurasia, from Portugal to Iran and North to Denmark.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">Distribution in the Azores.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">All islands except Terceira (where probably overlooked).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="77" type="first record">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">First record.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">
1930 (first mentioned by
<bibRefCitation author="Benoist, R" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="25" pageNumber="88" pagination="9 - 10" title="Voyage de MM. L. Chopard et A. Mequignon aux Acores (Aout-Septembre 1930)." volume="105" year="1936">Benoist et al. 1936</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="77" type="nesting">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">Nesting.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">Ground nesting (mostly in compacted soil), often in large aggregations; sentinel bee closes access with her head (Fig. 7f).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="77" type="social behaviour">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">Social behaviour.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">Eusocial, sometimes polygynous, and sometimes (in warmer environments) with several broods of workers.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="77" type="foraging">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">Foraging.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">
Polylectic, observed e.g., on
<taxonomicName family="Apiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Foeniculum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Foeniculum vulgare" order="Apiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">Foeniculum vulgare</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName family="Asteraceae" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Galactites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Galactites tomentosus" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosus">Galactites tomentosus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helminthotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helminthotheca echioides" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echioides">Helminthotheca echioides</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solidago azorica" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="azorica">Solidago azorica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tolpis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tolpis azorica" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="azorica">Tolpis azorica</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName family="Resedaceae" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" rank="family">Resedaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Resedaceae" genus="Reseda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Reseda luteola" order="Brassicales" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luteola">Reseda luteola</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="77" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">July-September.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Miguel (Furnas) and Faial (Horta), August-September 1930, leg. L. Chopard, det.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Benoist, R" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="25" pageNumber="88" pagination="9 - 10" title="Voyage de MM. L. Chopard et A. Mequignon aux Acores (Aout-Septembre 1930)." volume="105" year="1936">Benoist et al. 1936</bibRefCitation>
, not seen).
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Miguel, September 1954, 5 males, leg. M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Diñiz">Diniz</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Miguel (Lagoa das Furnas), 07.08.1984, 1 female;
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Miguel (Ponta Delgada), 12.08.1984, 2 females;
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Miguel (Ginetes), 11.08.1984, 2 females;
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Miguel (
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
), 09.08.1984, 2 females, 2 males;
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Miguel (Feteiras), 11.08.1984, 4 males, all leg. La Roche, det. Ebmer (Ebmer, pers. comm.). Flores, 02.08.2014, 1 female; Graciosa, 3 females, 1 male, all leg. H. Schaefer, coll. TUM (specimens B21-B25).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="77">
The COI sequences of specimens H. Schaefer B21 and B23 (TUM), acc. no. KX824763-64, differ in 1-5 positions from the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halictus malachurus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malachurus">Halictus malachurus</taxonomicName>
sequences from Spain and Germany in GenBank (see Fig. 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>