961 lines
109 KiB
XML
961 lines
109 KiB
XML
<document id="97D9D0F61F337CB3BFF12800F11FAB30" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.211502" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d7dabdb2-eafd-4d76-9e05-f52c081f1900" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="211502" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460482629745" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mutanen, Marko, Aarvik, Leif, Landry, Jean-François, Segerer, Andreas H. & Karsholt, Ole" docDate="2012" docId="656D2C0C4045B566189EFA73FB92261D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03318p025.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3318" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Epinotia nisella Clerck 1759" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="995454744040B5611809F95DFFC72069" masterDocTitle="Epinotia cinereana (Haworth, 1811) bona sp., a Holarctic tortricid distinct from E. nisella (Clerck, 1759) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini) as evidenced by DNA barcodes, morphology and life history" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698308034500" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E3353BB4051B4C5A168F3E6D14BB4D6E">Epinotia cinereana (Haworth, 1811) bona sp., a Holarctic tortricid distinct from E. nisella (Clerck, 1759) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini) as evidenced by DNA barcodes, morphology and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="92C6A6C672F567581A5AD8F0E31C4CB3">Mutanen, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="41417A5CF4AF36B6B8EE91AA76B36D8E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3D61AC588FFA80C68276CE27956BAD17">Aarvik, Leif</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="23F2CBF0B6B78771DAA7125A983A9788" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="78A5A25554A11B8A945A5859094FD326">Landry, Jean-François</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="69BE66C6A69DFA8E769DD6F5661644DE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F79308F710FC9B7FFF59F4EFB7E57DF0">Segerer, Andreas H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="96F009ED74865503A45536D6F354CB33" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="54A8F3D8555E11D5EE5F0CA43F10B788">Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F0F664037808E2717EAC9CBA57BD2E85">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6F83D4F0C19CD9350F4CA903E19048C1">
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<mods:date id="31E948EC98ECD9A7E483AFD9CF97A19C">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8BE6460EB67D516E98C8424E9B57A256" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="683D130437D4C2541B8A612CB9317886">3318</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="711B1F9EE99C550006BECD8108D76093" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.211502</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="77A78A82D16EE0CFD56759DD86A0B1D5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="656D2C0C4045B566189EFA73FB92261D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6168592" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119517664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6168592" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:656D2C0C4045B566189EFA73FB92261D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/656D2C0C4045B566189EFA73FB92261D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="A5DECE914045B564189EFA73FCC72300" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFA73FDC02321" blockId="5.[151,768,814,873]" box="[151,519,814,840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="B6332A764045B564189EFA73FDC02321" bold="true" box="[151,519,814,840]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
|
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<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFA73FDC02321" ID-CoL="6FTT8" authority="Clerck (1759)" authorityName="Clerck" authorityYear="1759" box="[151,519,814,840]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epinotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFA73FDC02321" bold="true" box="[151,519,814,840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFA73FE912321" bold="true" box="[151,342,814,840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Epinotia nisella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641954FA73FDC02321" author="Clerck" box="[349,519,814,840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Clerck, C. (1759 - 64) Icones Insectorum Rariorum. [xii] + [iii} pp., 55 pls. Holmiae." type="journal volume" year="1759">Clerck (1759)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFA0CFCC72300" blockId="5.[151,768,814,873]" box="[151,768,849,873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<figureCitation id="75FF819F4045B564189EFA0CFEC72300" box="[151,256,849,873]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[211,1390,223,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults of European E. cinereana and European E. nisella. 2 A: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 B: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 C: E. nisella 3, Norway, 2 D: E. nisella Ƥ, Denmark, 2 E: E. nisella f. cuspidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 F: E. nisella 3, Germany, 2 G: E. nisella f. lepidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 H: E. nisella 3, typical form, Norway, 2 I: E. nisella f. pavonana 3, Denmark, 2 J: E. nisella f. rhombifasciana 3, Norway." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211504/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C–2J, 4A–4J, 5D–5G, 6D–6G, 7D–7F, 8D–8F
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5DECE914045B564189EFACEFC4A251D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFACEFC9223C1" blockId="5.[151,1196,914,1397]" box="[151,853,914,936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B5641896FACFFEC723C1" box="[159,256,914,936]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B5641896FACFFEC723C1" box="[159,256,914,936]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phalaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B5641906FACFFE1823C1" ID-CoL="6FTT8" authority="Clerck, 1759" authorityName="Clerck" authorityYear="1759" box="[271,479,914,936]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epinotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B5641906FACFFE9523C1" box="[271,338,914,936]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">nisella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641950FACFFE1823C1" author="Clerck" box="[345,479,914,936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Clerck, C. (1759 - 64) Icones Insectorum Rariorum. [xii] + [iii} pp., 55 pls. Holmiae." type="journal volume" year="1759">Clerck, 1759</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: pl. 12, fig. 6. TL: probably
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4045B5641AF7FACFFC9623C1" box="[766,849,914,936]" name="Sweden" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFAECFDBA238C" blockId="5.[151,1196,914,1397]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDD4BA344045B564189EFAECFDBA238C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFAECFDEB23AE" ID-CoL="4FQYD" authority="Donovan, 1793: 59" authorityName="Donovan" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1793" box="[151,556,945,967]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pavonana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFAECFEA523AE" box="[151,354,945,967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phalaena pavonana</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6C65BB0B4045B5641961FAEFFDEB23AE" author="Donovan" box="[360,556,945,967]" page="59" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1793">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641961FAEFFDCE23AE" author="Donovan" box="[360,521,946,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Donovan, E. (1793) The natural history of British insects; explaining them in their several states, with the periods of their transformations, their food, oeconomy etc.; together with the history of such minute insects as required investigation by the microscope, 2, Revington, London, 96 + 6 pp." type="book" year="1793">Donovan, 1793</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 59
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–60, pl. 58, fig. 3, pl. 59, fig. 1. TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4045B5641B92FAEFFBE423AE" box="[923,1059,945,967]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFA8CFE24238C" ID-CoL="7CJ8J" authority="Schrank, 1802: 72" authorityName="Schrank" authorityPageNumber="72" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,483,976,998]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFA8CFEE5238F" box="[151,290,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tortrix anana</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6C65BB0B4045B5641921FA8DFE24238C" author="Schrank" box="[296,483,976,998]" page="72" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1802">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641921FA8DFE7A238C" author="Schrank" box="[296,445,976,998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Schrank, F. v. P. (1802) Fauna Boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere, 2 (2), viii + 412 pp. Ingolstadt." type="book" year="1802">Schrank, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 72
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4045B5641A13FA8DFDBD238C" box="[538,634,976,997]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFAADFD26246D" blockId="5.[151,1196,914,1397]" box="[151,737,1006,1029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDD4BA344045B564189EFAADFD26246D" box="[151,737,1006,1029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFAADFDD9246D" ID-CoL="57H96" authority="Haworth, 1811: 451" authorityName="Haworth" authorityPageNumber="451" authorityYear="1811" box="[151,542,1006,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFAADFE8C246C" box="[151,331,1007,1029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tortrix cuspidana</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6C65BB0B4045B5641958FAB3FDD9246D" author="Haworth" box="[337,542,1006,1028]" page="451" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1811">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641958FAB3FE2C246D" author="Haworth" box="[337,491,1006,1028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica. Part 3, 377 - 512. London." type="book chapter" year="1811">Haworth, 1811</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 451
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4045B5641A5DFAB2FD1A246D" box="[596,733,1006,1028]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFD53FD0F244A" blockId="5.[151,1196,914,1397]" box="[151,712,1037,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDD4BA344045B564189EFD53FD0F244A" box="[151,712,1037,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFD53FDC1244A" ID-CoL="93RGR" authority="Haworth, 1811: 451" authorityName="Haworth" authorityPageNumber="451" authorityYear="1811" box="[151,518,1037,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stictana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFD53FEF4244A" box="[151,307,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tortrix stictana</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6C65BB0B4045B5641930FD50FDC1244A" author="Haworth" box="[313,518,1037,1059]" page="451" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1811">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641930FD50FE13244B" author="Haworth" box="[313,468,1037,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica. Part 3, 377 - 512. London." type="book chapter" year="1811">Haworth, 1811</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 451
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4045B5641A35FD50FD03244A" box="[572,708,1037,1059]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFD70FCD02428" blockId="5.[151,1196,914,1397]" box="[151,791,1067,1090]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDD4BA344045B564189EFD70FCD02428" box="[151,791,1067,1090]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFD70FD922428" ID-CoL="98LSG" authority="Haworth, 1811: 451" authorityName="Haworth" authorityPageNumber="451" authorityYear="1811" box="[151,597,1067,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhombifasciana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFD70FE46242B" box="[151,385,1068,1090]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tortrix rhombifasciana</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6C65BB0B4045B564198EFD76FD922428" author="Haworth" box="[391,597,1067,1089]" page="451" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1811">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B564198EFD76FDE52428" author="Haworth" box="[391,546,1067,1089]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica. Part 3, 377 - 512. London." type="book chapter" year="1811">Haworth, 1811</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 451
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4045B5641A82FD71FCD42428" box="[651,787,1067,1089]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFD16FDBF2409" blockId="5.[151,1196,914,1397]" box="[151,632,1098,1120]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFD16FE152409" ID-CoL="57HNW" authority="Hubner, 1813" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1813" box="[151,466,1098,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siliceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFD16FEF92409" box="[151,318,1098,1120]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tortrix siliceana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B564194DFD17FE152409" author="Hubner" box="[324,466,1098,1120]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Hubner, J. ([1813]) Sammlung europaischer Schmetterlinge 7, Tortrices. Plates 31 - 37." type="journal article" year="1813">Hübner, 1813</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: pl. 31, fig. 196.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFD37FDBB2416" blockId="5.[151,1196,914,1397]" box="[151,636,1129,1151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFD37FE112416" ID-CoL="7CJ93" authority="Hubner, 1819" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[151,470,1129,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFD37FE852416" box="[151,322,1129,1151]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tortrix decorana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641941FD34FE112416" author="Hubner" box="[328,470,1129,1151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Hubner, J. ([1819]) Sammlung europaischer Schmetterlinge 7, Tortrices. Plates 42 - 43." type="journal article" year="1819">Hübner, 1819</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: pl. 42, fig. 265.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFDD4FCDC24F7" blockId="5.[151,1196,914,1397]" box="[151,795,1160,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDD4BA344045B564189EFDD4FCDC24F7" box="[151,795,1160,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFDD4FE3424F4" ID-CoL="98LP3" authority="Frolich, 1828: 94" authorityName="Frolich" authorityPageNumber="94" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,499,1160,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFDD4FEFC24F7" box="[151,315,1160,1182]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tortrix lepidana</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6C65BB0B4045B5641948FDD5FE3424F4" author="Frolich" box="[321,499,1160,1182]" page="94" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1828">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641948FDD5FE0A24F4" author="Frolich" box="[321,461,1160,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Frolich, F. (1828) Enumeratio Tortricum Wurtembergiae. Tubingae, Typis Schoenhardtianis, 102 pp." type="book" year="1828">Frölich, 1828</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 94
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4045B5641A23FDD5FD4D24F4" box="[554,650,1160,1181]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Würtemburg.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFDFAFCE6253F" blockId="5.[151,1196,914,1397]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDD4BA344045B564189EFDFAFCE6253F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFDFAFDE024D5" ID-CoL="972CN" authority="Guenee, 1845: 171" authorityName="Guenee" authorityPageNumber="171" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,551,1190,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholitha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFDFAFE9924D4" box="[151,350,1191,1213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Grapholitha nisana</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6C65BB0B4045B564196DFDFBFDE024D5" author="Guenee" box="[356,551,1190,1212]" page="171" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1845">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B564196DFDFBFE3324D5" author="Guenee" box="[356,500,1190,1212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Guenee, M. A. (1845) Essai sur une nouvelle classification des microlepidopteres et catalogue des especes europennes connues jusqu'a ce jour. Annls Societe Entomologique de France, (2) 3, 145 - 192." type="journal article" year="1845">Guenée, 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 171
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An unjustified emendation of [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B5641B60FDFAFC0D24D4" box="[873,970,1191,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B5641B60FDFAFC0D24D4" box="[873,970,1191,1213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phalaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B5641BD0FDFAFB6E24D5" ID-CoL="6FTT8" authority="Clerck, 1759" authorityName="Clerck" authorityYear="1759" box="[985,1193,1190,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epinotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B5641BD0FDFAFBDB24D4" box="[985,1052,1191,1213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">nisella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641C2BFDFBFB6E24D5" author="Clerck" box="[1058,1193,1190,1212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Clerck, C. (1759 - 64) Icones Insectorum Rariorum. [xii] + [iii} pp., 55 pls. Holmiae." type="journal volume" year="1759">Clerck, 1759</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFD98FDC124B2" box="[151,518,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFD98FE8524B2" box="[151,322,1221,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">Epiblema nisella</taxonomicName>
|
||
ab. dorsimaculana
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6C65BB0B4045B5641A05FD98FCD624B2" author="Klemensiewicz" box="[524,785,1221,1243]" page="58" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1902">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641A05FD98FD2C24B2" author="Klemensiewicz" box="[524,747,1221,1243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Klemensiewicz, S. (1902) O nowych i malo znanych gatunkach motyli fauny galicyjskiej. Przyczynek trzeci. Sprawozdania Komisji Fizyograficznej oraz Materyay do Fizyografii Kraju, 32, 40 - 76." type="journal article" year="1902">Klemensiewicz, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 58
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4045B5641B4EFD98FC5624B2" box="[839,913,1221,1243]" name="Poland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Infrasubspecific.
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFDB9FE3D2493" box="[151,506,1252,1274]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFDB9FE852493" box="[151,322,1252,1274]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">Epiblema nisella</taxonomicName>
|
||
ab. albodecorana
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6C65BB0B4045B5641A08FDBEFD2B2490" author="Krulikowsky" box="[513,748,1251,1273]" page="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1908">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641A08FDBEFD012490" author="Krulikowsky" box="[513,710,1251,1273]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Krulikowsky, L. (1908) Einige neue Varietaten und Aberrationen der Lepidopteren des ostlichen Russlands (Gouvern. Wiatka und Kasan.) Societas entomologica, 23 (1), 2 - 3, (2), 11 - 12, (3), 18." type="journal article" year="1908">Krulikowsky, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 18
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4045B5641B2BFDBEFCAE2490" box="[802,873,1251,1273]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Infrasubspecific.
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFC5FFE122571" box="[151,469,1282,1304]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFC5FFE852571" box="[151,322,1282,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">Epiblema nisella</taxonomicName>
|
||
ab. fulminana
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6C65BB0B4045B56419D2FC5FFD012571" author="Krulikowsky" box="[475,710,1282,1304]" page="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1908">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B56419D2FC5FFD672571" author="Krulikowsky" box="[475,672,1282,1304]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Krulikowsky, L. (1908) Einige neue Varietaten und Aberrationen der Lepidopteren des ostlichen Russlands (Gouvern. Wiatka und Kasan.) Societas entomologica, 23 (1), 2 - 3, (2), 11 - 12, (3), 18." type="journal article" year="1908">Krulikowsky, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 18
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4045B5641AF5FC5FFC852571" box="[764,834,1282,1304]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Infrasubspecific.
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFC7FFE10255E" box="[151,471,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFC7FFEF9255E" box="[151,318,1313,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">Eucosma nisella</taxonomicName>
|
||
ab. brunneana
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6C65BB0B4045B56419D7FC7CFD61255E" author="Dufrane" box="[478,678,1313,1335]" page="161" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1930">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B56419D7FC7CFDB3255E" author="Dufrane" box="[478,628,1313,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Dufrane, A. (1930) Microlepidopteres nouveaux pour la faune belge. Lambillionea, 1930 (11), 158 - 161." type="journal article" year="1930">Dufrane, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 161
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4045B5641AD5FC7CFCF1255E" box="[732,822,1313,1335]" name="Belgium" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Baudour. Infrasubspecific.
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFC1DFE7D253F" box="[151,442,1344,1366]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFC1DFE4D253F" box="[151,394,1344,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="boeberana" subSpecies="auct">Pyralis boeberana auct</taxonomicName>
|
||
., nec
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1787. Misidentification.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFC3DFC4A251D" blockId="5.[151,1196,914,1397]" box="[151,909,1374,1397]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDD4BA344045B564189EFC3DFC4A251D" box="[151,909,1374,1397]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B564189EFC3DFD09251D" ID-CoL="98LSN" authority="Villers, 1789 sensu Haworth, 1811: 450" authorityName="Villers, 1789 sensu Haworth" authorityPageNumber="450" authorityYear="1811" box="[151,718,1374,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFC3DFEF4251C" box="[151,307,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tortrix rubiana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641930FC03FE7B251D" author="Villers" box="[313,444,1374,1396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Villers, C. de (1789) Caroli Linnaei entomologica, faune Suecicae descriptionibus acuta; DD. Scopoli, Geoffroy, de geer, Fabricii, Schrank, & c. speciebus vel in Sysiemate non enumerates, vel nuperrime detectis, vel speciebus Galliae Australis locupletata, generum specierumque rariorum iconibus ornate. Piestre et Delamolliere, Lugduni. Xvi + 656 pp, 3 pls." type="book" year="1789">Villers, 1789</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B56419CBFC3DFE3D251C" box="[450,506,1376,1397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6C65BB0B4045B5641A08FC03FD09251D" author="Haworth" box="[513,718,1374,1396]" page="450" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1811">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4045B5641A08FC03FD5C251D" author="Haworth" box="[513,667,1374,1396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica. Part 3, 377 - 512. London." type="book chapter" year="1811">Haworth, 1811</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 450
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Misidentification.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5DECE914045B567189EFCC7FDAF24AD" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B564189EFCC7FE3A2677" blockId="5.[151,1437,1434,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B564189EFCC7FED625DA" bold="true" box="[151,273,1434,1459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The forewing pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B5641A23FCC1FD5325DA" box="[554,660,1435,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B5641A23FCC1FD5325DA" box="[554,660,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is highly variable (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75FF819F4045B5641B64FCC7FC7D25DB" box="[877,954,1434,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[211,1390,223,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults of European E. cinereana and European E. nisella. 2 A: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 B: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 C: E. nisella 3, Norway, 2 D: E. nisella Ƥ, Denmark, 2 E: E. nisella f. cuspidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 F: E. nisella 3, Germany, 2 G: E. nisella f. lepidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 H: E. nisella 3, typical form, Norway, 2 I: E. nisella f. pavonana 3, Denmark, 2 J: E. nisella f. rhombifasciana 3, Norway." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211504/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C–2J, 4A–4J). Generally
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B5641CD1FCC1FA8525DA" box="[1240,1346,1435,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B5641CD1FCC1FA8525DA" box="[1240,1346,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more strikingly patterned than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B56419A7FC9DFDFB25BF" box="[430,572,1471,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B56419A7FC9DFDFB25BF" box="[430,572,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. cinereana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; there are often blotches of black or reddish colour on the wing. This is never the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B5641910FCB9FE6F2592" box="[281,424,1508,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B5641910FCB9FE6F2592" box="[281,424,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. cinereana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are greyish specimens with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B5641B36FCB9FC082592" box="[831,975,1508,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B5641B36FCB9FC082592" box="[831,975,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. cinereana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like pattern. Such specimens need to be dissected for safe identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B56418C0FF77FDBD260F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1434,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Some of the most distinctive forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994045B5641A8BFF71FD29262A" box="[642,750,1579,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084045B5641A8BFF71FD29262A" box="[642,750,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were originally described as species, and are treated further below. The different forms may intergrade:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B56418C0FF2FFE0C2773" blockId="5.[151,1437,1434,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">dark form: FW predominantly grey to dark grey from variously white-tipped grey scales giving the impression of fine transverse zigzag striae; basal patch distinctly darker its distal margin pointed into square or obtuse angle, usually delineated from paler distal area of wing by thin pale grey or whitish transverse line; some specimens with small, ± distinct brown spot on hind margin adjacent to lower angle of basal patch; this forms appears to be predominant in northern areas.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B56418D8FE7BFC8027C3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1434,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">‘nisella’-like form: dark basal patch extended obliquely from basal third of costa to tornus, blackish grey, its outer margin incurved; area along hind margin with various extent of brown from small spot to extensive streak (as in ‘lepidana’ form), lacking altogether in some specimens; antero-distal portion of wing distinctly paler grey; overall impression of bicolored FW with dark base and pale apex.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4045B56418D8FEEBFBE3279B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1434,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">‘cuspidana’-like form: middle area of FW extensively reddish brown, contrasting with dark grey basal patch and terminal area; overall impression of bicolored FW with dark-pale-dark areas.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4046B56718D9F9CAFE472175" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">‘rhombifasciana’-like form: basal patch contrastingly dark grey, median area of FW whitish grey with extensive dark grey near costa and dark grey patch near tornus; some specimens have a small amount of reddish brown adjacent to the tornal dark-grey patch; overall impression of predominantly grey to dark grey with irregular pale whitish median area.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4046B56718C0F87AFEC5210D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Wingspan: North American specimens:
|
||
<quantity id="2A3C30FF4046B5671A81F87AFCEB2156" box="[648,812,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.685" metricValueMax="1.98" metricValueMin="1.39" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="16.85" valueMax="19.8" valueMin="13.9">13.9–19.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, mean =
|
||
<quantity id="2A3C30FF4046B5671B98F87AFC332156" box="[913,1012,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N = 50); European specimens: 12.0– 18.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4046B56718CEF832FEEB21A6" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75FF819F4046B5671972F832FE0E21EE" box="[379,457,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[229,1317,193,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[229,1347,193,1810]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male genitalia of European specimens of E. cinereana and E. nisella. 5 A: E. cinereana male genitalia, slide LAA 2011.005, 5 B: E. cinereana phallus base showing cornuti sockets, slide LAA 2011.005, 5 C: E. cinereana 8 th abdominal segment with tergum 8 on right, slide LAA 2011.005, 5 D: E. nisella male genitalia, slide NHMO 2024, 5 E: E. nisella phallus base showing cornuti sockets, slide NHMO 2024, 5 F: E. nisella 8 th abdominal segment with tergum 8 on right, slide NHMO 2024, 5 G: E. nisella tergum 8. LAA 2011.004." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211507/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D–5G, 6D–6G). The valva is slightly broader than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671C3AF82CFB0421E1" box="[1075,1219,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671C3AF82CFB0421E1" box="[1075,1219,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. cinereana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the phallus the number of cornuti is 40–50 (against
|
||
<quantity id="2A3C30FF4046B5671A25F8C9FD4921C5" box="[556,654,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.191" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="16.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="13.0">13–20 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671A9DF8C8FCE521C5" box="[660,802,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671A9DF8C8FCE521C5" box="[660,802,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. cinereana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Differences in segment VIII are described above under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B567189EF8E4FEE221B9" box="[151,293,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B567189EF8E4FEE221B9" box="[151,293,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. cinereana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4046B56718CEF881FB802236" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75FF819F4046B5671998F881FE1A219D" box="[401,477,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[330,1256,179,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[330,1257,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Female genitalia of European specimens of E. cinereana and E. nisella. 7 A: E. cinereana female genitalia, slide NHMO 2036, 7 B: E. cinereana female sterigma, slide LAA 2011.009, 7 C: E. cinereana female sterigma, slide NHMO 2036, 7 D: E. nisella female genitalia, slide LAA 2011.008, 7 E: E. nisella female sterigma, slide LAA 2011.008, 7 F: E. nisella female sterigma, slide NHMO 2032." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211509/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D–7F, 8D–8F). The sterigma is oval, nearly circular, posteriorly with one small triangular process on each side (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B56719E0FB5CFDB02271" box="[489,631,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56719E0FB5CFDB02271" box="[489,631,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. cinereana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the sterigma is cylindrical with strongly lateral edges and large triangular processes). The signa are much smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671A9FFB78FCC72255" box="[662,768,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671A9FFB78FCC72255" box="[662,768,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671B52FB78FC2E2255" box="[859,1001,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671B52FB78FC2E2255" box="[859,1001,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. cinereana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, their surface area totalling on average about 1% (0.55–1.34%, mean 0.96%, n=6) of the surface area of the flattened bursa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4046B56718CEFB30FA9122ED" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1979]" box="[199,1366,620,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">No significant differences in genitalia were detected between European and North American specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4046B56718CEFBD2FF3923AE" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56718CEFBD2FE9E22C1" bold="true" box="[199,345,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Life history.</emphasis>
|
||
In Europe,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B56719D6FBCCFD8D22C1" box="[479,586,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56719D6FBCCFD8D22C1" box="[479,586,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is stated to feed in the catkins or between spun leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671CD1FBCDFAD722C1" box="[1240,1296,656,680]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671CD1FBCDFAD722C1" box="[1240,1296,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, but also on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B56718E7FBE9FE8D22A5" box="[238,330,692,716]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56718E7FBE9FE8D22A5" box="[238,330,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Populus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671A1DFBE8FD6522A5" box="[532,674,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671A1DFBE8FD6522A5" box="[532,674,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. cinereana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671B7FFBE9FAE322A5" authority="Bradley et al. 1979" authorityName="Bradley et al." authorityYear="1979" box="[886,1316,692,716]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremula">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671B7FFBE9FBE822A5" box="[886,1071,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Populus tremula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671C36FBE9FADC22A5" author="Bradley" box="[1087,1307,692,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan, W. G. & Smith, A (1979) British tortricoid moths. Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London, viii + 336 pp., 43 pls." type="book" year="1979">
|
||
Bradley
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671CA9FBE8FB1E22A5" box="[1184,1241,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, it seems that the two species are not as restricted in their choice of host plants as indicated in the literature. A series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B56718BFFBA0FEE7237D" box="[182,288,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56718BFFBA0FEE7237D" box="[182,288,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from Fyn,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B5671A17FBA1FD41237D" box="[542,646,764,788]" name="Denmark" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
was bred from fallen catkins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671BF1FBA1FA9C237D" authority="Larsen 1927" authorityName="Larsen" authorityYear="1927" box="[1016,1371,764,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremula">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671BF1FBA1FB75237D" box="[1016,1202,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Populus tremula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671CC8FBA1FA94237D" author="Larsen" box="[1217,1363,764,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Larsen, C. S. (1927) Tillaeg til fortegnelse over Danmark Microlepidoptera. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 17, 7 - 211." type="journal article" year="1927">Larsen 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671897FA42FE4B235E" author="Klemensiewicz" box="[158,396,799,823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Klemensiewicz, S. (1902) O nowych i malo znanych gatunkach motyli fauny galicyjskiej. Przyczynek trzeci. Sprawozdania Komisji Fizyograficznej oraz Materyay do Fizyografii Kraju, 32, 40 - 76." type="journal article" year="1902">Klemensiewicz 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) found larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671A45FA7CFD712351" box="[588,694,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671A45FA7CFD712351" box="[588,694,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
numerous in catkins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671BC8FA7DFBBE2351" box="[961,1145,800,824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremula">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671BC8FA7DFBBE2351" box="[961,1145,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Populus tremula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where they also pupated. Further study is needed to disclose differences in the early stages of the two species and details of their biology. In North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B56718F5FA3AFE982316" box="[252,351,871,895]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671963FA34FE1423E9" box="[362,467,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671963FA34FE1423E9" box="[362,467,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recorded from catkins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671B02FA35FC3723E9" box="[779,1008,872,896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremuloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671B02FA35FC3723E9" box="[779,1008,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Populus tremuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there are also sporadic records on buds and leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671967FAD1FE6123CD" box="[366,422,908,932]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671967FAD1FE6123CD" box="[366,422,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B56719BDFAD1FE3A23CD" box="[436,509,908,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56719BDFAD1FE3A23CD" box="[436,509,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Betula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671A02FAD1FD8C23CD" box="[523,587,908,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671A02FAD1FD8C23CD" box="[523,587,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Alnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and reportedly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671B0AFAD1FCFF23CD" box="[771,824,908,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671B0AFAD1FCFF23CD" box="[771,824,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671B4FFAD1FC1723CD" author="Miller" box="[838,976,908,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Miller, W. E. (1986 a) Epinotia nisella (Clerck): an unrecorded host and mode of feeding (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Great Lakes Entomologist, 19, 205 - 207." type="journal article" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671BD2FAD1FB7D23CD" author="Gilligan" box="[987,1210,908,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gilligan, T. M., Wright, D. J. & Gibson, L. D. (2008) Olethreutine moths of the midwestern United States, an identification guide. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series, 16 (2), 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Gilligan
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671C37FAD0FBB023CD" box="[1086,1143,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671CC4FAD1FAC523CD" box="[1229,1282,908,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671CC4FAD1FAC523CD" box="[1229,1282,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
records seem doubtful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4046B56718CEFA88FDAF24AD" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
In North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B5671926FA89FE482385" box="[303,399,980,1004]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B567199EFA88FDC62385" box="[407,513,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B567199EFA88FDC62385" box="[407,513,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recorded from catkins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671B48FA89FBEF2385" box="[833,1064,980,1004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremuloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671B48FA89FBEF2385" box="[833,1064,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Populus tremuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671C69FA88FAC72385" box="[1120,1280,980,1004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671C69FA88FAC72385" box="[1120,1280,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. trichocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there are also sporadic records on buds and leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671A82FAA5FD042479" box="[651,707,1016,1040]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671A82FAA5FD042479" box="[651,707,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671ADBFAA5FCDC2479" box="[722,795,1016,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671ADBFAA5FCDC2479" box="[722,795,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Betula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671B23FAA5FCAD2479" box="[810,874,1016,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671B23FAA5FCAD2479" box="[810,874,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Alnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and reportedly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671C2DFAA5FB9E2479" box="[1060,1113,1016,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671C2DFAA5FB9E2479" box="[1060,1113,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671C61FAAAFB342466" author="Miller" box="[1128,1267,1015,1039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Miller, W. E. (1986 a) Epinotia nisella (Clerck): an unrecorded host and mode of feeding (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Great Lakes Entomologist, 19, 205 - 207." type="journal article" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671CF6FAAAFF13245D" author="Gilligan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gilligan, T. M., Wright, D. J. & Gibson, L. D. (2008) Olethreutine moths of the midwestern United States, an identification guide. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series, 16 (2), 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Gilligan
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671D6AFAA4FA5B2479" box="[1379,1436,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B56718EEFD41FEDB245D" box="[231,284,1052,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56718EEFD41FEDB245D" box="[231,284,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
records seem highly dubious and possibly stem from misidentifications of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671C78FD40FF7B2431" authority="Clemens" authorityName="Clemens" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Catastega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceriella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671C78FD40FA89245D" box="[1137,1358,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Catastega aceriella</emphasis>
|
||
Clemens
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whose forewing pattern can sometimes be vaguely suggestive of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671B92FD1CFBC32431" box="[923,1028,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671B92FD1CFBC32431" box="[923,1028,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: we have not seen reared specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B56718BFFD38FEE52415" box="[182,290,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56718BFFD38FEE52415" box="[182,290,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that would substantiate maple as a larval host.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671B37FD38FC362415" author="MacKay" box="[830,1009,1124,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="MacKay, M. R. (1959) Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). The Canadian Entomologist Supplement, 10, 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1959">MacKay (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and illustrated in detail the larva of North American specimens and compared it to those of a dozen other Nearctic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671D0AFDD4FAA424C9" box="[1283,1379,1161,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epinotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671D0AFDD4FAA424C9" box="[1283,1379,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Epinotia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B56718D4FDF0FEAC24AD" box="[221,363,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56718D4FDF0FEAC24AD" box="[221,363,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. cinereana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above for differences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5DECE914046B56718CEFD92FDD425F5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4046B56718CEFD92FDD425F5" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56718CEFD92FEA72481" bold="true" box="[199,352,1231,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Widely distributed in Europe, apart from Mediterranean islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671C37FD92FB17248E" author="Aarvik" box="[1086,1232,1231,1255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Aarvik, L. (2011) Fauna Europaea: Tortricidae. In: Karsholt, O. & Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Lepidoptera. Fauna Europaea, version 2.4, http: // www. faunaeur. org" type="book" year="2011">Aarvik 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); throughout most of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B56718BCFDA9FEC42565" box="[181,259,1268,1292]" name="Russia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including the Caucasus, although not recorded from parts of Siberia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671C1AFDA9FA8F2565" author="Sinev" box="[1043,1352,1268,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Sinev, S. Yu. & Nedoshivina, S. V. (2009). Tortricidae. Pp. 114 - 148 In: Sinev, S. Yu., (ed.): Katalog Cheshuekrylykh (Lepidoptera) Rossii (Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia) [in Russian]. KMK Scientific press Ltd., St. Petersburg & Moscow, 424 pp." type="book chapter" year="2009">Sinev & Nedoshivina 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B5671D55FDA8FA5B2565" box="[1372,1436,1269,1292]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671897FC4AFEF82546" author="Kawabe" box="[158,319,1303,1327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Kawabe, A. (1982) Tortricidae. In: Inoue, H., Sugi, S., Kuroko, H., Moriuti, S. & Kawabe, A. (eds.): Moths of Japan. The Kyodo Printing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, (1) 966 pp., (2) 552 pp., 392 pls." type="book" year="1982">Kawabe 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B567195DFC4AFE502546" box="[340,407,1303,1327]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B56719AFFC4AFDD52546" author="Liu" box="[422,530,1303,1327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Liu, Y. Q. (1981) Cochylidae and Tortricidae. In: Wang, P. Y., Wang, L. Y., Fang, C. L., Bai, J. W., Zhu, H. R., Liu, Y. Q., Liu, X. Q., Chen, Y. X., Shen, G. P., Zhang, B. L., Zhao, Z. L., Hou, T. Q. & Cai. R. Q. (Eds), Iconographia Heterocerorum Sinicorum, 1, 28 - 56, pls 6 - 8, Beijing: Academia Sinica." type="journal article" year="1981">Liu 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Here recorded as new to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B5671B36FC4AFC522546" box="[831,917,1303,1327]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B5671C01FC4AFBAB2546" box="[1032,1132,1303,1327]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it ranges from Newfoundland to British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B567194BFC61FE74253D" box="[322,435,1340,1364]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northward to the Yukon in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B5671AFDFC61FC8B253D" box="[756,844,1340,1364]" name="Canada" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is stated to be widespread in the northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B5671D59FC61FF1D251E" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
from Pennsylvania and Colorado (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671A79FC02FCD1251E" author="Heinrich" box="[624,790,1375,1399]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Heinrich, C. (1923) Revision of the North American moths of the subfamily Eucosminae of the family Olethreutidae. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 123, 1 - 298." type="journal article" year="1923">Heinrich 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671B5AFC02FBFE251E" author="Gilligan" box="[851,1081,1375,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gilligan, T. M., Wright, D. J. & Gibson, L. D. (2008) Olethreutine moths of the midwestern United States, an identification guide. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series, 16 (2), 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Gilligan
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671BB1FC3CFC332511" box="[952,1012,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but we examined only a few specimens from Colorado (CNC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5DECE914046B56718CEFCF5FB102661" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4046B56718CEFCF5FB102661" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56718CEFCF5FDC325A9" bold="true" box="[199,516,1447,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Remarks on
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84046B5671957FCF5FE5625A9" box="[350,401,1448,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Clerck’s (1759) figure of his [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671B5FFCF5FC0625A9" box="[854,961,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671B5FFCF5FC0625A9" box="[854,961,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Phalaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671BD8FCF5FBDB25A9" box="[977,1052,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671BD8FCF5FBDB25A9" box="[977,1052,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a form with a broad medial black band reaching from dorsum to costa. We dissected a specimen of this form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75FF819F4046B5671C5BFC91FB50258D" box="[1106,1175,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[211,1390,223,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults of European E. cinereana and European E. nisella. 2 A: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 B: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 C: E. nisella 3, Norway, 2 D: E. nisella Ƥ, Denmark, 2 E: E. nisella f. cuspidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 F: E. nisella 3, Germany, 2 G: E. nisella f. lepidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 H: E. nisella 3, typical form, Norway, 2 I: E. nisella f. pavonana 3, Denmark, 2 J: E. nisella f. rhombifasciana 3, Norway." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211504/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H) which confirms the identity of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671977FCADFE0E2661" box="[382,457,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671977FCADFE0E2661" box="[382,457,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84046B5671A03FCACFDFD2660" box="[522,570,1521,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671A56FCACFD0F2661" box="[607,712,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671A56FCACFD0F2661" box="[607,712,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered lost (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671BA8FCADFB0D2661" author="Robinson" box="[929,1226,1520,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Robinson, G. S. & Nielsen, E. S. (1983). The Microlepidoptera described by Linnaeus and Clerck. Systematic Entomology, 8, 191 - 142." type="journal volume" year="1983">Robinson & Nielsen 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5DECE914046B56618C0FF49FE2C2645" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4046B56718C0FF49FCF226D5" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B56718C0FF49FE6D2645" box="[201,426,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pavonana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56718C0FF49FE6D2645" box="[201,426,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Phalaena pavonana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from a single specimen found in Sussex in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B5671C48FF49FB122645" box="[1089,1237,1556,1580]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671CEDFF49FA572645" author="Donovan" box="[1252,1424,1556,1580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Donovan, E. (1793) The natural history of British insects; explaining them in their several states, with the periods of their transformations, their food, oeconomy etc.; together with the history of such minute insects as required investigation by the microscope, 2, Revington, London, 96 + 6 pp." type="book" year="1793">Donovan 1793</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It represents a form with a red dorsal spot inside a black dorsal blotch. The form figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671C9BFF65FAEB2639" author="Kennel" box="[1170,1324,1592,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Kennel, J. von, (1908 - 1921) Die Palaearktischen Tortriciden. Zoologica 21 (54). E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 742 pp., 24 + 1 pls." type="book" year="1908">
|
||
Kennel (
|
||
<date id="997ABBDA4046B5671CFBFF65FAEB2639" box="[1266,1324,1592,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1908" valueMax="1921">1908</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1921: pl. XXII, fig. 54) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671961FF01FD8C261D" author="Bradley" box="[360,587,1628,1652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan, W. G. & Smith, A (1979) British tortricoid moths. Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London, viii + 336 pp., 43 pls." type="book" year="1979">
|
||
Bradley
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56719CEFF00FE38261D" box="[455,511,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 29, fig. 23) under this name does not agree with Donovan’s original figures. It is a rare form. Schopfer (1912) mentioned he had two specimens in his material. A specimen of this form is shown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75FF819F4046B56718E6FFF9FEF326D5" box="[239,308,1700,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[211,1390,223,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults of European E. cinereana and European E. nisella. 2 A: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 B: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 C: E. nisella 3, Norway, 2 D: E. nisella Ƥ, Denmark, 2 E: E. nisella f. cuspidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 F: E. nisella 3, Germany, 2 G: E. nisella f. lepidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 H: E. nisella 3, typical form, Norway, 2 I: E. nisella f. pavonana 3, Denmark, 2 J: E. nisella f. rhombifasciana 3, Norway." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211504/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="997ABBDA4046B567192DFFF9FEF326D5" box="[292,308,1700,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84046B567198CFFF8FE7226D4" box="[389,437,1701,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is probably lost (K. Tuck, in litt.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4046B56718C0FF94FA812726" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B56718C0FF94FEA22689" ID-CoL="7CJ8J" box="[201,357,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56718C0FF94FEA22689" box="[201,357,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tortrix anana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from an unstated number of specimens collected in Neuburg an der Donau in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B56718F6FFB1FEA0276D" box="[255,359,1772,1796]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B567197EFFB1FDDF276D" author="Schrank" box="[375,536,1772,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Schrank, F. v. P. (1802) Fauna Boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere, 2 (2), viii + 412 pp. Ingolstadt." type="book" year="1802">Schrank 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although the description does not fit in every detail (Schrank wrote about silvery lines and stated the flight time to be in May), we think it serves stability to leave
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671C6FFE4CFB0E2741" ID-CoL="7CJ8J" box="[1126,1225,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671C6FFE4CFB0E2741" box="[1126,1225,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. anana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B567189EFE65FEC62726" box="[151,257,1847,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B567189EFE65FEC62726" box="[151,257,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where it has been since the middle of the 19th century. The whereabouts of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84046B5671C7FFE65FB612739" box="[1142,1190,1848,1872]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4046B56718C0FE01FBD327D3" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B56718C0FE01FE56271A" ID-CoL="57H96" box="[201,401,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B56718C0FE01FE56271A" box="[201,401,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tortrix cuspidana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from an unstated number of specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4046B5671C9AFE07FAEF271B" box="[1171,1320,1882,1906]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B5671D31FE07FF1527FE" author="Haworth" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica. Part 3, 377 - 512. London." type="book chapter" year="1811">Haworth 1811</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We interpret it to be the same form as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671A82FEDDFCAD27FE" ID-CoL="7CJ93" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[651,874,1919,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671A82FEDDFCD727FE" box="[651,784,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. decorana</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75FF819F4046B5671C08FE22FB8427FE" box="[1025,1091,1919,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[211,1390,223,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults of European E. cinereana and European E. nisella. 2 A: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 B: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 C: E. nisella 3, Norway, 2 D: E. nisella Ƥ, Denmark, 2 E: E. nisella f. cuspidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 F: E. nisella 3, Germany, 2 G: E. nisella f. lepidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 H: E. nisella 3, typical form, Norway, 2 I: E. nisella f. pavonana 3, Denmark, 2 J: E. nisella f. rhombifasciana 3, Norway." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211504/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E). A
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84046B5671C8CFE22FB2B27FE" box="[1157,1260,1919,1943]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4046B56718B3FEFFFEA127D3" author="Bradley" box="[186,358,1954,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Bradley, J. D. (1966) Type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the University Museum, Oxford, described by Haworth. Entomologist's Gazette, 17, 129 - 140." type="journal article" year="1966">Bradley (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671A5DFEF9FD2427D2" ID-CoL="57H96" box="[596,739,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671A5DFEF9FD2427D2" box="[596,739,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. cuspidana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994046B5671BAAFEF9FBCB27D2" box="[931,1036,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084046B5671BAAFEF9FBCB27D2" box="[931,1036,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4047B56618C0F9C4FB4D209E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B56618C0F9C4FEBE20D9" ID-CoL="93RGR" box="[201,377,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stictana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618C0F9C4FEBE20D9" box="[201,377,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tortrix stictana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from an unstated number of specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4047B5661C86F9CAFAE120C6" box="[1167,1318,151,175]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661D31F9CAFF1520BD" author="Haworth" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica. Part 3, 377 - 512. London." type="book chapter" year="1811">Haworth 1811</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is stated to have red forewings with scattered dark marks. A form which is close to this description is shown by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661903F982FE29209E" author="Bradley" box="[266,494,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan, W. G. & Smith, A (1979) British tortricoid moths. Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London, viii + 336 pp., 43 pls." type="book" year="1979">
|
||
Bradley
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661963F9BCFE652091" box="[362,418,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 29, fig. 25). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84047B5661AD0F9BDFCCE2091" box="[729,777,224,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is probably lost (K. Tuck, in litt.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4047B56618CEF858FE9B210D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B56618CEF858FE172175" ID-CoL="98LSG" box="[199,464,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhombifasciana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618CEF858FE172175" box="[199,464,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tortrix rhombifasciana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from an unstated number of specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4047B5661D0BF859FA5B2175" box="[1282,1436,260,284]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661897F87AFE822156" author="Haworth" box="[158,325,295,319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica. Part 3, 377 - 512. London." type="book chapter" year="1811">Haworth 1811</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We interpret it to be the same form as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661B05F874FC2E2156" ID-CoL="57HNW" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[780,1001,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siliceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661B05F874FC4A2129" box="[780,909,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. siliceana</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84047B5661CBCF875FB222129" box="[1205,1253,296,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is probably lost (K. Tuck, in litt.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4047B56618CEF82CFA4621A6" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B56618CEF82CFE4621E1" ID-CoL="57HNW" box="[199,385,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siliceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618CEF82CFE4621E1" box="[199,385,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tortrix siliceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on the figure under this name in the work of Hübner (
|
||
<date id="997ABBDA4047B5661C53F832FB1921EE" box="[1114,1246,367,391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1799" valueMax="1833">1799–1833</date>
|
||
). The number of specimens and
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84047B566194DF8C8FEB321C4" box="[324,372,405,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality are not stated, although the latter is probably southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4047B5661C4DF8C9FB6921C5" box="[1092,1198,404,428]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is the form with a small reddish dorsal mark, as figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661A69F8EAFC8321A6" author="Bradley" box="[608,836,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan, W. G. & Smith, A (1979) British tortricoid moths. Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London, viii + 336 pp., 43 pls." type="book" year="1979">
|
||
Bradley
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661AC9F8E4FD3F21B9" box="[704,760,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 29, fig. 22) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75FF819F4047B5661BF7F8EAFB8421A6" box="[1022,1091,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[211,1390,223,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults of European E. cinereana and European E. nisella. 2 A: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 B: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 C: E. nisella 3, Norway, 2 D: E. nisella Ƥ, Denmark, 2 E: E. nisella f. cuspidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 F: E. nisella 3, Germany, 2 G: E. nisella f. lepidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 H: E. nisella 3, typical form, Norway, 2 I: E. nisella f. pavonana 3, Denmark, 2 J: E. nisella f. rhombifasciana 3, Norway." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211504/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
J). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84047B5661C9CF8E5FB0221B9" box="[1173,1221,440,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is probably lost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4047B56618C0F880FC952236" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B56618C0F880FE4F219D" ID-CoL="7CJ93" box="[201,392,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618C0F880FE4F219D" box="[201,392,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tortrix decorana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on the figure under this name in the work of Hübner (
|
||
<date id="997ABBDA4047B5661C52F881FB18219D" box="[1115,1247,476,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1799" valueMax="1833">1799–1833</date>
|
||
). The number of specimens and
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84047B566194BFB5DFEB52271" box="[322,370,512,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality are not stated, although the latter is probably southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4047B5661C3DF8A2FB59227E" box="[1076,1182,511,535]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is the form with the entire medial area of the forewing reddish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75FF819F4047B5661A7EFB79FD7D2255" box="[631,698,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[211,1390,223,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults of European E. cinereana and European E. nisella. 2 A: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 B: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 C: E. nisella 3, Norway, 2 D: E. nisella Ƥ, Denmark, 2 E: E. nisella f. cuspidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 F: E. nisella 3, Germany, 2 G: E. nisella f. lepidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 H: E. nisella 3, typical form, Norway, 2 I: E. nisella f. pavonana 3, Denmark, 2 J: E. nisella f. rhombifasciana 3, Norway." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211504/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E). The form is figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661BEBFB79FBBC2255" author="Kennel" box="[994,1147,548,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Kennel, J. von, (1908 - 1921) Die Palaearktischen Tortriciden. Zoologica 21 (54). E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 742 pp., 24 + 1 pls." type="book" year="1908">
|
||
Kennel (
|
||
<date id="997ABBDA4047B5661C48FB79FBBC2255" box="[1089,1147,548,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1908" valueMax="1921">1908</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1921: pl. 22, fig. 55) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B566189EFB1AFEBC2236" author="Bradley" box="[151,379,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan, W. G. & Smith, A (1979) British tortricoid moths. Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London, viii + 336 pp., 43 pls." type="book" year="1979">
|
||
Bradley
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618FFFB14FEE82209" box="[246,303,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 29, fig. 24). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84047B5661A6FFB15FD512209" box="[614,662,584,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is probably lost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4047B56618C0FB30FC0B22A5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B56618C0FB30FDDA22ED" ID-CoL="98LP3" authority="Frolich, 1828" authorityName="Frolich" authorityYear="1828" box="[201,541,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618C0FB30FEB822ED" box="[201,383,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tortrix lepidana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B566198FFB31FDDA22ED" author="Frolich" box="[390,541,620,644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Frolich, F. (1828) Enumeratio Tortricum Wurtembergiae. Tubingae, Typis Schoenhardtianis, 102 pp." type="book" year="1828">Frölich, 1828</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was listed as a variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661B5EFB30FBAB22ED" ID-CoL="57HNW" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[855,1132,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siliceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661B5EFB30FBD722ED" box="[855,1040,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tortrix siliceana</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661C9FFB31FF7B22CE" author="Herrich-Schaffer" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W. (1856) Index alphabetico-synonymicus ad Vol. I - V. Pp. (1) 24, (2) 64, (3) 34, (4) 48, (5) 52. Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, 6. Regensburg." type="journal article" year="1856">Herrich-Schäffer (1856 (4)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24). We interpret this to be the form with the red dorsal blotch extended along dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="75FF819F4047B5661C86FBD2FB1522CE" box="[1167,1234,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[211,1390,223,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1408,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults of European E. cinereana and European E. nisella. 2 A: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 B: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2 C: E. nisella 3, Norway, 2 D: E. nisella Ƥ, Denmark, 2 E: E. nisella f. cuspidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 F: E. nisella 3, Germany, 2 G: E. nisella f. lepidana Ƥ, Norway, 2 H: E. nisella 3, typical form, Norway, 2 I: E. nisella f. pavonana 3, Denmark, 2 J: E. nisella f. rhombifasciana 3, Norway." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211504/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G). This form was figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B566191BFBE9FE3122A5" author="Bradley" box="[274,502,692,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan, W. G. & Smith, A (1979) British tortricoid moths. Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London, viii + 336 pp., 43 pls." type="book" year="1979">
|
||
Bradley
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661978FBE8FE6D22A5" box="[369,426,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 29, fig. 23). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84047B5661AE8FBE8FCD622A4" box="[737,785,693,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is probably lost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4047B56618CEFB85FDC82335" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B56618CEFB85FE422299" box="[199,389,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618CEFB85FE422299" box="[199,389,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Epiblema nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ab.
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56619B1FB85FDA72299" box="[440,608,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">dorsimaculana</emphasis>
|
||
Klemensiewicz was described from two specimens bred from catkins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B566189EFBA1FE94237D" ID-CoL="4LVQY" box="[151,339,764,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremula">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B566189EFBA1FE94237D" box="[151,339,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Populus tremula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Lvov, now in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4047B5661A46FBA1FD6E237D" box="[591,681,764,788]" name="Ukraine" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661AB2FBA1FC69237D" author="Klemensiewicz" box="[699,942,764,788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Klemensiewicz, S. (1902) O nowych i malo znanych gatunkach motyli fauny galicyjskiej. Przyczynek trzeci. Sprawozdania Komisji Fizyograficznej oraz Materyay do Fizyografii Kraju, 32, 40 - 76." type="journal article" year="1902">Klemensiewicz 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).The name depicts specimens with a large black blotch, broad at dorsum, forming a triangle which reaches the middle of the wing. It resembles the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661D8DFA7CFF252335" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661D8DFA7CFF252335" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form but is lighter basally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4047B56618CEFA35FD2C23AE" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B56618CEFA35FE4223E9" box="[199,389,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618CEFA35FE4223E9" box="[199,389,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Epiblema nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ab.
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56619BFFA35FDEF23E9" box="[438,552,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fulminana</emphasis>
|
||
Krulikowsky was described from an unstated number of specimens (probably only one) collected in the eastern part of European
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4047B5661AD9FAD1FCD823CD" box="[720,799,908,932]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It has blackish forewings almost without markings apart from a rust-red patch at dorsum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661A0EFAF2FD1923AE" author="Krulikowsky" box="[519,734,943,967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Krulikowsky, L. (1908) Einige neue Varietaten und Aberrationen der Lepidopteren des ostlichen Russlands (Gouvern. Wiatka und Kasan.) Societas entomologica, 23 (1), 2 - 3, (2), 11 - 12, (3), 18." type="journal article" year="1908">Krulikowsky 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4047B56618C0FA89FD6D245D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B56618C0FA89FE412385" box="[201,390,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618C0FA89FE412385" box="[201,390,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Epiblema nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ab.
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56619BDFA89FD882385" box="[436,591,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">albodecorana</emphasis>
|
||
Krulikowsky was described from an unstated number of specimens (probably only one) collected in eastern part of European
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4047B5661AD0FAAAFCE02466" box="[729,807,1015,1039]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It has white forewings with only the base and the ocellus being grey or blackish (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B56619CFFD41FD59245D" author="Krulikowsky" box="[454,670,1052,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Krulikowsky, L. (1908) Einige neue Varietaten und Aberrationen der Lepidopteren des ostlichen Russlands (Gouvern. Wiatka und Kasan.) Societas entomologica, 23 (1), 2 - 3, (2), 11 - 12, (3), 18." type="journal article" year="1908">Krulikowsky 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4047B56618C0FD1CFF1824C9" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B56618C0FD1CFE462431" box="[201,385,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618C0FD1CFE462431" box="[201,385,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eucosma nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ab.
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56619A6FD1DFDEF2431" box="[431,552,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">brunneana</emphasis>
|
||
Dufrane was described from a female
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84047B5661BD0FD1DFBFC2431" box="[985,1083,1088,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4047B5661C76FD1CFB0C2431" box="[1151,1227,1089,1112]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
and two
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84047B5661D38FD1CFA5B2430" box="[1329,1436,1089,1113]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95D3DD8A4047B56618DEFD39FEFC2415" box="[215,315,1124,1148]" name="Belgium" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is stated to resemble f.
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661A7DFD39FD2B2415" box="[628,748,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">baeberana</emphasis>
|
||
Haworth but with a brown rather than black spot (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661D37FD39FF1424C9" author="Dufrane" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Dufrane, A. (1930) Microlepidopteres nouveaux pour la faune belge. Lambillionea, 1930 (11), 158 - 161." type="journal article" year="1930">Dufrane 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4047B56618C0FDF1FC5E2559" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B56618C0FDF1FD9624AD" authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[201,593,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boeberana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618C0FDF1FE5D24AD" box="[201,410,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pyralis boeberana</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1787
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is listed as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661B77FDF0FC2E24AD" box="[894,1001,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661B77FDF0FC2E24AD" box="[894,1001,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661C1FFDF0FB3D24AD" box="[1046,1274,1196,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Brown, J. W. et al. (2005) Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). World Catalogue of Insects, 5, 1 - 741. Apollo Books." type="journal article">
|
||
Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661C63FDF0FB6324AD" box="[1130,1188,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This is, however, a misidentification which apparently originates from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661B25FD8DFBDE2481" author="Haworth" box="[812,1049,1232,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica. Part 3, 377 - 512. London." type="book chapter" year="1811">Haworth (1811: 450)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661C94FD8CFAF62481" box="[1181,1329,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boeberana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661C94FD8CFAF62481" box="[1181,1329,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. boeberana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B566190BFDA8FEA82565" box="[258,367,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B566190BFDA8FEA82565" box="[258,367,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661989FDA8FD4F2565" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[384,648,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boeberana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661989FDA8FDD12565" box="[384,534,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. boeberana</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661B51FDA9FAC32565" ID-CoL="66HJK" authority="Clerck, 1759" authorityName="Clerck" authorityYear="1759" box="[856,1284,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Anacampsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="populella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661B51FDA9FB942565" box="[856,1107,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Anacampsis populella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661C6CFDA9FB3C2565" author="Clerck" box="[1125,1275,1268,1292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Clerck, C. (1759 - 64) Icones Insectorum Rariorum. [xii] + [iii} pp., 55 pls. Holmiae." type="journal volume" year="1759">Clerck, 1759</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B566189EFC45FE022559" author="Karsholt" box="[151,453,1304,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Karsholt, O. & Nielsen, E. S. (1976) Notes on some Lepidoptera described by Linnaeus, Fabricius, and Strom. Entomologica scandinavica, 7, 241 - 251." type="journal article" year="1976">Karsholt & Nielsen (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who published a
|
||
<typeStatus id="327F23B84047B5661A86FC45FD312559" box="[655,758,1304,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661B12FC45FC542559" box="[795,915,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boeberana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661B12FC45FC542559" box="[795,915,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">boeberana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4047B56618C0FC60FE2C2645" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B56618C0FC60FE19253D" ID-CoL="98LSN" authority="Haworth" authorityName="Haworth" box="[201,478,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618C0FC60FEB1253D" box="[201,374,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tortrix rubiana</emphasis>
|
||
Haworth
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is listed as a synonym to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661AF6FC60FC76253D" ID-CoL="6FTT8" box="[767,945,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epinotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661AF6FC60FC76253D" box="[767,945,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Epinotia nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661BD2FC60FB7C253D" box="[987,1211,1340,1364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Brown, J. W. et al. (2005) Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). World Catalogue of Insects, 5, 1 - 741. Apollo Books." type="journal article">
|
||
Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661C26FC60FBA0253D" box="[1071,1127,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, Haworth did not describe a new species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661A14FC3CFD532511" ID-CoL="98LSN" box="[541,660,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661A14FC3CFD532511" box="[541,660,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. rubiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but referred to “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661B55FC3DFBEE2511" box="[860,1065,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661B55FC3DFBEE2511" box="[860,1065,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phalaena rubiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Vill. Ent. 2. 419. 471?”, and to “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B56618AAFCD9FDDD25F5" authority="Don. Br. Ins." authorityName="Don. Br. Ins." box="[163,538,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pavonana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618AAFCD9FE4425F5" box="[163,387,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phalaena pavonana</emphasis>
|
||
Don. Br. Ins.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
58.3
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661A5EFCD8FDAC25F5" box="[599,619,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et</emphasis>
|
||
59.1”. Also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661AF0FCD9FC5225F5" author="Villers" box="[761,917,1412,1436]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Villers, C. de (1789) Caroli Linnaei entomologica, faune Suecicae descriptionibus acuta; DD. Scopoli, Geoffroy, de geer, Fabricii, Schrank, & c. speciebus vel in Sysiemate non enumerates, vel nuperrime detectis, vel speciebus Galliae Australis locupletata, generum specierumque rariorum iconibus ornate. Piestre et Delamolliere, Lugduni. Xvi + 656 pp, 3 pls." type="book" year="1789">Villers (1789)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not describe a new species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661D1BFCD9FAAC25F5" box="[1298,1387,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661D1BFCD9FAAC25F5" box="[1298,1387,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">rubiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but referred to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661913FCFAFE0325D6" author="Scopoli" box="[282,452,1447,1471]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Scopoli, J. A. (1763) Entomologica Carniolica exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et distribute in ordines, genera, species, varietates, methodo Linneana. Vindobonae, Trattner, xxxvi + 421 pp." type="book" year="1763">Scopoli (1763)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(“Ex Ent. D. Scop”) by virtually copying Scopoli’s text.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661C6FFCF5FF08258D" authority="Scopoli, 1763" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661C6FFCF5FAF225A9" box="[1126,1333,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phalaena rubiana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661D36FCFAFF08258D" author="Scopoli" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Scopoli, J. A. (1763) Entomologica Carniolica exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et distribute in ordines, genera, species, varietates, methodo Linneana. Vindobonae, Trattner, xxxvi + 421 pp." type="book" year="1763">Scopoli, 1763</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently considered as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661A90FC91FC3F258D" ID-CoL="47VFT" box="[665,1016,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Notocelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uddmanniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661A90FC91FC60258D" box="[665,935,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Notocelia uddmanniana</emphasis>
|
||
(1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8955E0EB4047B5661C0EFC91FB10258D" author="Brown" box="[1031,1239,1484,1508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Brown, J. W. et al. (2005) Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). World Catalogue of Insects, 5, 1 - 741. Apollo Books." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661C55FC90FB53258D" box="[1116,1172,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661CE3FC91FF082661" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pavonana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661CE3FC91FF082661" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phalaena pavonana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is, as stated above, a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661A44FCACFD712661" ID-CoL="6FTT8" box="[589,694,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epinotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661A44FCACFD712661" box="[589,694,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661AFDFCACFBCD266E" ID-CoL="98LSN" authority="Haworth" authorityName="Haworth" box="[756,1034,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661AFDFCACFC672661" box="[756,928,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tortrix rubiana</emphasis>
|
||
Haworth
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should accordingly be considered a misidentification of
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B5661973FF48FE2C2645" box="[378,491,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B5661973FF48FE202645" ID-CoL="6FTT8" box="[378,487,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epinotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">E. nisella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5DECE914047B56618C0FF65FB92261D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED7B9D1A4047B56618C0FF65FB92261D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B56618C0FF65FEFA2639" bold="true" box="[201,317,1592,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC4E6994047B566194DFF64FE682639" box="[324,431,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epinotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB041084047B566194DFF64FE682639" box="[324,431,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. nisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is highly variable in forewing colouration. Schopfer (1912) treated the variation in some detail, listing 12 forms and discussing a number of intermediate forms between these.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |