treatments-xml/data/03/CB/09/03CB091BFF9EFFE7FD8C3DAACADEFBB9.xml

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<mods:title id="78D51E3E77212C2F8E591BCA0DA90E9D">Deep-water Photinae (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) from eastern Africa, with descriptions of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C3785FB14A0E8F517426611A74064695">Fraussen, Koen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6565AB765B23B30E48773CCDECF579CE">Research Associate Institute of Systematics, Evolution, Biodiversity (ISYEB), Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, CP 51, Rue Cuvier 57, 75005 Paris, France. &amp; Leuvensestraat 25, 3200 Aarschot, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2C3B479D7019FF32B7790C2AB49F6127">Galindo, Lee Ann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="60ED28D62D99307BC6E99FE2E6A152D9">Research Associate Institute of Systematics, Evolution, Biodiversity (ISYEB), Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, CP 51, Rue Cuvier 57, 75005 Paris, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B65370736BA630205C523F9DC32CF900">Rosado, José</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0950F61FF9EFFE6FD8C3DAACAB6FA05" box="[576,1012,1500,1527]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C62C38EFF9EFFE6FD8C3DAACAB6FA05" authority="G. B. Sowerby III, 1913" authorityName="G. B. Sowerby III" authorityYear="1913" box="[576,1012,1500,1527]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Phos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hirasei">
<emphasis id="B916641FFF9EFFE6FD8C3DAACB95FA04" bold="true" box="[576,727,1500,1527]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Phos hirasei</emphasis>
G.B. Sowerby 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3C5FCFF9EFFE6FC413DABCAB6FA05" author="Sowerby G. B. III." box="[909,1012,1500,1527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" pagination="557 - 560" refId="ref14629" refString="Sowerby G. B. III. 1913. Descriptions of eight new marine Gastropoda, mostly from Japan. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8 11 (66): 557 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931308693356" type="journal article" year="1913">III, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1359A488FF9EFFE6FD2F3D89CA61F9E9" box="[739,803,1535,1562]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1714,1740]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,714,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-160@3.[189,1398,714,1686]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. A–C. Phos elegantissimus Hayashi &amp; Habe, 1965. A–B. Specimen from Mozambique, off North Quissico, depth 95–135 m, in trap, 23.8 mm long (JR). C. Specimen from Mozambique, off Sofala Bank, ex-pisces, depth 120–140 m, 24.8 mm long (JR). — D–E. Phos gemmulifer Kilburn, 2000, NW Mayotte, Mozambique Channel, BIOMAGLO stn DW4848, 12°35′ S, 44°55′ E, depth 399–402 m, 28.1 mm long (MNHN 2013-69815). — F–I. Phos hirasei G.B. Sowerby III, 1913. F–G. Specimen from Mozambique, off Sofala Bank, 20°07′ S, 36°09′ E, ex-pisces, depth 120–130 m, 26.3 mm long (JR). H–I. Specimen from South Africa, off Transkei, Msikaba, dredged at 90–110 m, 25.7 mm long (KF 4692). — J–K. Phos laevis Kuroda &amp; Habe, 1961, Madagascar, Campagne CREVETTIERE 1974 stn DC01, 12°39′ S, 48°16′ E, depth 240 m, 23.5 mm long (MNHN). Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4106595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4106595/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
F–I
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC39E1CFF9EFFE6FF713E37CBEEF9AF" author="Sowerby G. B. III." box="[189,684,1601,1628]" page="558" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" year="1913">
<taxonomicName id="4C62C38EFF9EFFE6FF713E37CBEEF9AF" authority="G. B. Sowerby III, 1913: 558" authorityName="G. B. Sowerby III" authorityPageNumber="558" authorityYear="1913" box="[189,684,1601,1628]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Phos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hirasei">
<emphasis id="B916641FFF9EFFE6FF713E37C812F9A8" box="[189,336,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Phos hirasei</emphasis>
G.B. Sowerby 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3C5FCFF9EFFE6FDCA3E37CBEEF9AF" author="Sowerby G. B. III." box="[518,684,1601,1628]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" pagination="557 - 560" refId="ref14629" refString="Sowerby G. B. III. 1913. Descriptions of eight new marine Gastropoda, mostly from Japan. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8 11 (66): 557 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931308693356" type="journal article" year="1913">III, 1913: 558</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C62C38EFF9EFFE6FF713E0DC880F966" baseAuthorityName="G. B. Sowerby III" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[189,450,1659,1685]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Antillophos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hirasei">
<emphasis id="B916641FFF9EFFE6FF713E0DC806F966" box="[189,324,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Antillophos</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B916641FFF9EFFE6FEBD3E0DC880F966" box="[369,450,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">hirasei</emphasis>
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– 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC39E1CFF9EFFE6FE2C3E0DCAD9F966" author="Kilburn R. N. &amp; Marais J. P. &amp; Fraussen K." box="[480,923,1659,1685]" page="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3C5FCFF9EFFE6FE2C3E0DCAD9F966" author="Kilburn R. N. &amp; Marais J. P. &amp; Fraussen K." box="[480,923,1659,1685]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" pagination="16 - 52" refId="ref14494" refString="Kilburn R. N., Marais J. P. &amp; Fraussen K. 2010. Buccinidae. In: Marais A. P. &amp; Seccoumbe A. D. (eds) Identification Guide to the Seashells of South Africa: 16 - 52. Centre for Molluscan Studies, Groenkloof, South Africa." type="book chapter" year="2010">Kilburn, Marais &amp; Fraussen 2010: 26</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B916641FFF9EFFE6FF713ECAC81FF925" bold="true" box="[189,349,1724,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
<typeStatus id="54D906AFFF9EFFE6FF713ECAC9B8F925" box="[189,250,1724,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDB80DFF9EFFE6FF713E9DC84AF8F6" blockId="4.[189,264,1771,1797]" box="[189,264,1771,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9EFFE6FF713E9DC846F8F6" box="[189,260,1771,1797]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B916641FFF9EFFE6FF713F5AC8E8F8B5" bold="true" box="[189,426,1836,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8BDDB80DFF9EFFE6FF713F2DCC4EF82D" blockId="4.[189,1399,1881,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
<materialsCitation id="3B0AB250FF9EFFE6FF713F2DC99EF86B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2884009353" collectorName="J. Rosado" country="Mozambique" elevation="115" latitude="-24.933332" location="Quissico" longLatPrecision="1249" longitude="35.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9EFFE6FF713F2DC8C5F886" box="[189,391,1883,1909]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
• 1 dd; off 
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, ex-pisces; 
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, 
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; depth 
<quantity id="4C9A15E8FF9EFFE6FBF93F2DCDFEF886" box="[1077,1212,1883,1909]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="115.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="110.0">
<elevation id="004F5F3EFF9EFFE6FBF93F2DCDFEF886" box="[1077,1212,1883,1909]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="115.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="110.0">110–120 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<collectorName id="2697DDDBFF9EFFE6FB053F2DCC79F886" box="[1225,1339,1883,1909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">J. Rosado</collectorName>
leg.; JR
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B0AB250FF9EFFE6FF393F08CDB8F86B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2884009410" box="[245,1274,1916,1945]" collectorName="J. Rosado" country="Mozambique" elevation="118" latitude="-26.533333" location="Ponta Dobela" longLatPrecision="1241" longitude="32.966667" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="1">
1 dd; 
<location id="8EBDEED6FF9EFFE6FEF43F08C898F86B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB091BFF9EFFE7FD8C3DAACADEFBB9:8EBDEED6FF9EFFE6FEF43F08C898F86B" box="[312,474,1918,1944]" country="Mozambique" latitude="-26.533333" longLatPrecision="1241" longitude="32.966667" name="Ponta Dobela" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Ponta Dobela</location>
, ex-pisces; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE56DECAFF9EFFE6FDAE3F0ACB8AF86B" box="[610,712,1916,1944]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" precision="925" value="-26.533333">26°32′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE56DECAFF9EFFE6FD193F0ACA7DF86B" box="[725,831,1916,1944]" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" precision="925" value="32.966667">32°58′ E</geoCoordinate>
; depth 
<quantity id="4C9A15E8FF9EFFE6FC5F3F08CD58F86B" box="[915,1050,1918,1945]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="117.5" valueMax="125.0" valueMin="110.0">
<elevation id="004F5F3EFF9EFFE6FC5F3F08CD58F86B" box="[915,1050,1918,1945]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="117.5" valueMax="125.0" valueMin="110.0">110–125 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<collectorName id="2697DDDBFF9EFFE6FBEB3F08CDDBF86B" box="[1063,1177,1918,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">J. Rosado</collectorName>
leg.; JR
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B0AB250FF9EFFE6FADF3F08CDBEF84F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2884009393" collectorName="J. Rosado" country="Mozambique" elevation="94" latitude="-25.833334" location="Inhaca Island" longLatPrecision="1245" longitude="33.116665" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1">
<specimenCount id="9D647384FF9EFFE6FADF3F08CC01F86B" box="[1299,1347,1918,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" type="larva">1 lv</specimenCount>
; NE 
<location id="8EBDEED6FF9EFFE6FF713FD7C81FF848" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB091BFF9EFFE7FD8C3DAACADEFBB9:8EBDEED6FF9EFFE6FF713FD7C81FF848" box="[189,349,1953,1979]" country="Mozambique" latitude="-25.833334" longLatPrecision="1245" longitude="33.116665" name="Inhaca Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
Inhaca 
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9EFFE6FEDE3FD7C81FF848" box="[274,349,1953,1979]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Island</collectingCountry>
</location>
, among sponges; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE56DECAFF9EFFE6FDE73FD6CBD2F848" box="[555,656,1952,1980]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" precision="925" value="-25.833334">25°50′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE56DECAFF9EFFE6FD503FD6CA47F84F" box="[668,773,1952,1980]" degrees="33" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" precision="925" value="33.116665">33°07′ E</geoCoordinate>
; depth 
<quantity id="4C9A15E8FF9EFFE6FC943FD7CA80F84F" box="[856,962,1953,1980]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="9.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="94.0" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="92.0">
<elevation id="004F5F3EFF9EFFE6FC943FD7CA80F84F" box="[856,962,1953,1980]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="9.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="94.0" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="92.0">92–96 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<collectorName id="2697DDDBFF9EFFE6FC013FD4CD7CF848" box="[973,1086,1953,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">J. Rosado</collectorName>
leg.; dredge; JR
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B0AB250FF9EFFE6FAD83FD7CC4AF82D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2884009375" collectorName="J. Rosado" country="Mozambique" elevation="125" latitude="-20.116667" location="Bank" longLatPrecision="1269" longitude="36.15" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sofala">
1 dd; off 
<collectingRegion id="49A676EFFF9EFFE6FF713FB2C84AF82D" box="[189,264,1988,2014]" country="Mozambique" name="Sofala" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Sofala</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EBDEED6FF9EFFE6FEC33FB2C812F82D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB091BFF9EFFE7FD8C3DAACADEFBB9:8EBDEED6FF9EFFE6FEC33FB2C812F82D" box="[271,336,1988,2014]" country="Mozambique" latitude="-20.116667" longLatPrecision="1269" longitude="36.15" name="Bank" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="Sofala">Bank</location>
, ex-pisces; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE56DECAFF9EFFE6FE143FB5CB7DF82D" box="[472,575,1987,2015]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" precision="925" value="-20.116667">20°07′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE56DECAFF9EFFE6FD803FB5CBF7F82C" box="[588,693,1987,2015]" degrees="36" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" precision="925" value="36.15">36°09′ E</geoCoordinate>
; depth 
<quantity id="4C9A15E8FF9EFFE6FCC63FB2CAD0F82C" box="[778,914,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="120.0">
<elevation id="004F5F3EFF9EFFE6FCC63FB2CAD0F82C" box="[778,914,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="120.0">120–130 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<collectorName id="2697DDDBFF9EFFE6FC523FB3CD52F82D" box="[926,1040,1988,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">J. Rosado</collectorName>
leg.; JR (
<figureCitation id="1359A488FF9EFFE6FB4D3FB2CD80F82D" box="[1153,1218,1988,2014]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1714,1740]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,714,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-160@3.[189,1398,714,1686]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. A–C. Phos elegantissimus Hayashi &amp; Habe, 1965. A–B. Specimen from Mozambique, off North Quissico, depth 95–135 m, in trap, 23.8 mm long (JR). C. Specimen from Mozambique, off Sofala Bank, ex-pisces, depth 120–140 m, 24.8 mm long (JR). — D–E. Phos gemmulifer Kilburn, 2000, NW Mayotte, Mozambique Channel, BIOMAGLO stn DW4848, 12°35′ S, 44°55′ E, depth 399–402 m, 28.1 mm long (MNHN 2013-69815). — F–I. Phos hirasei G.B. Sowerby III, 1913. F–G. Specimen from Mozambique, off Sofala Bank, 20°07′ S, 36°09′ E, ex-pisces, depth 120–130 m, 26.3 mm long (JR). H–I. Specimen from South Africa, off Transkei, Msikaba, dredged at 90–110 m, 25.7 mm long (KF 4692). — J–K. Phos laevis Kuroda &amp; Habe, 1961, Madagascar, Campagne CREVETTIERE 1974 stn DC01, 12°39′ S, 48°16′ E, depth 240 m, 23.5 mm long (MNHN). Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4106595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4106595/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
F–G)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDB80DFF9FFFE7FF71397FCAF9FE99" blockId="5.[189,1399,265,362]" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9FFFE7FF71397FC8CDFED0" box="[189,399,265,291]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
• 1 dd; off Transkei, Msikaba; depth 
<quantity id="4C9A15E8FF9FFFE7FCF6397FCAF3FED0" box="[826,945,265,291]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="100.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="90.0">90–110 m</quantity>
; 2004; F. Lorenz leg.; dredge; KF 4692 (
<figureCitation id="1359A488FF9FFFE7FF0A395AC847FEB5" box="[198,261,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1714,1740]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,714,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-160@3.[189,1398,714,1686]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. A–C. Phos elegantissimus Hayashi &amp; Habe, 1965. A–B. Specimen from Mozambique, off North Quissico, depth 95–135 m, in trap, 23.8 mm long (JR). C. Specimen from Mozambique, off Sofala Bank, ex-pisces, depth 120–140 m, 24.8 mm long (JR). — D–E. Phos gemmulifer Kilburn, 2000, NW Mayotte, Mozambique Channel, BIOMAGLO stn DW4848, 12°35′ S, 44°55′ E, depth 399–402 m, 28.1 mm long (MNHN 2013-69815). — F–I. Phos hirasei G.B. Sowerby III, 1913. F–G. Specimen from Mozambique, off Sofala Bank, 20°07′ S, 36°09′ E, ex-pisces, depth 120–130 m, 26.3 mm long (JR). H–I. Specimen from South Africa, off Transkei, Msikaba, dredged at 90–110 m, 25.7 mm long (KF 4692). — J–K. Phos laevis Kuroda &amp; Habe, 1961, Madagascar, Campagne CREVETTIERE 1974 stn DC01, 12°39′ S, 48°16′ E, depth 240 m, 23.5 mm long (MNHN). Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4106595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4106595/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
H–I) • 
<specimenCount id="9D647384FF9FFFE7FE94395AC8C4FEB5" box="[344,390,300,326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" type="larva">2 lv</specimenCount>
; Natal, Umkomaas; depth 
<quantity id="4C9A15E8FF9FFFE7FD75395ACA60FEB4" box="[697,802,300,327]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="90.0" valueMax="95.0" valueMin="85.0">85–95 m</quantity>
; F. Lorenz leg.; dredge; KF 7982 • 
<specimenCount id="9D647384FF9FFFE7FB7A395ACDA6FEB5" box="[1206,1252,300,326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" type="larva">2 lv</specimenCount>
; Mtwalume; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE56DECAFF9FFFE7FF713938C861FE9A" box="[189,291,334,362]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" precision="925" value="-30.533333">30°32′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE56DECAFF9FFFE7FEFC3938C8DBFE99" box="[304,409,334,362]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" precision="925" value="30.733334">30°44′ E</geoCoordinate>
; depth 
<quantity id="4C9A15E8FF9FFFE7FE223939CB37FE99" box="[494,629,335,362]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="105.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="100.0">100–110 m</quantity>
; J. Rosado leg.; dredge; JR.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378EB86FF9FFFE7FF7139EECD6AFDB9" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDDB80DFF9FFFE7FF7139EEC814FE41" blockId="5.[189,342,408,434]" box="[189,342,408,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">
<heading id="D0950F61FF9FFFE7FF7139EEC814FE41" bold="true" box="[189,342,408,434]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B916641FFF9FFFE7FF7139EEC814FE41" bold="true" box="[189,342,408,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDB80DFF9FFFE7FF7139B1CD6AFDB9" blockId="5.[189,1399,455,587]" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicName id="4C62C38EFF9FFFE7FF7139B1C811FE12" authorityName="G. B. Sowerby III" authorityYear="1913" box="[189,339,455,481]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Phos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hirasei">
<emphasis id="B916641FFF9FFFE7FF7139B1C811FE12" box="[189,339,455,481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Phos hirasei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is well known in the West Pacific, where it is found from southern 
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9FFFE7FB5839B1CD95FE12" box="[1172,1239,455,481]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Japan</collectingCountry>
in the north, along the 
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9FFFE7FEFE399CC8F4FDF7" box="[306,438,490,516]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and to 
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9FFFE7FDDC399DCB85FDF7" box="[528,711,490,517]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
in the south. The species was recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9FFFE7FB2C399CCC34FDF7" box="[1248,1398,490,516]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">South Africa</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3C5FCFF9FFFE7FF2D3A7BC8BCFDDB" author="Kilburn R. N. &amp; Marais J. P. &amp; Fraussen K." box="[225,510,525,552]" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" pagination="16 - 52" refId="ref14494" refString="Kilburn R. N., Marais J. P. &amp; Fraussen K. 2010. Buccinidae. In: Marais A. P. &amp; Seccoumbe A. D. (eds) Identification Guide to the Seashells of South Africa: 16 - 52. Centre for Molluscan Studies, Groenkloof, South Africa." type="book chapter" year="2010">
Kilburn 
<emphasis id="B916641FFF9FFFE7FE8F3A78C834FDD4" box="[323,374,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
. (2010: 26)
</bibRefCitation>
and we hereby confirm the records from East Africa and extend the range to Transkei (northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9FFFE7FE003A46CB21FDB8" box="[460,611,560,587]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">South Africa</collectingCountry>
) and southern to central 
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9FFFE7FC4A3A46CD67FDB9" box="[902,1061,560,586]" name="Mozambique" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378EB86FF9FFFE7FF713A0CCADEFBB9" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDDB80DFF9FFFE7FF713A0CC86DFD67" blockId="5.[189,303,634,660]" box="[189,303,634,660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">
<heading id="D0950F61FF9FFFE7FF713A0CC86DFD67" bold="true" box="[189,303,634,660]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B916641FFF9FFFE7FF713A0CC86DFD67" bold="true" box="[189,303,634,660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDB80DFF9FFFE7FF713ADECD37FCFB" blockId="5.[189,1399,680,777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicName id="4C62C38EFF9FFFE7FF713ADEC812FD31" authorityName="G. B. Sowerby III" authorityYear="1913" box="[189,336,680,706]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Phos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hirasei">
<emphasis id="B916641FFF9FFFE7FF713ADEC812FD31" box="[189,336,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Phos hirasei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by its irregular pattern, consisting of fine spiral lines alternating white (on top of the axial ribs) and brown (between the axials), often accentuated where the white spirals cross the large brown dots on the axial ribs, in combination with a dark purple protoconch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDB80DFF9FFFE7FF713B41CD13FC2C" blockId="5.[189,1399,823,991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Shell variability is suspiciously high in this species, but after studying hundreds of specimens from the entire Indo-West Pacific we are unable to conclude whether the many morphotypes reflect intraspecific variability or belong to distinct taxonomic units. Shells may differ considerably in density of sculpture, in thicknes, in size and in colour pattern. The species, however, seems to be monophyletic as far we can judge from molecular data collected up to now (Fraussen &amp; Galindo in prep.).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDB80DFF9FFFE7FF713C7BCADEFBB9" blockId="5.[189,1398,1037,1099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">
The few specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9FFFE7FE2D3C7BCB37FBD4" box="[481,629,1037,1063]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9FFFE7FD673C7BCA04FBD4" box="[683,838,1037,1063]" name="Mozambique" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
we studied all have a thick shell, a characteristic that we also observed in some populations off 
<collectingCountry id="F375F89DFF9FFFE7FD123C47CADAFBB9" box="[734,920,1072,1099]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>