247 lines
33 KiB
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247 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0D7902C4AB42E2FFBAA7E9D7C3AF5992">Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6EC7A04557FB8EE95AA31F84A9CA829F">Lopardo, Lara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F679CC7849422534F7BB8C494EF08988">Hormiga, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="636C6D4132E4EAAEF49555FA75507828">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03832D7710229306FF5FE66EFB275940" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7005023" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199502822" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7005023" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03832D7710229306FF5FE66EFB275940" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710229306FF5FE66EFB275940" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="629" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">
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<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10229304FF5FE66EFE735906" box="[156,491,1812,1833]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110229304FF5FE66EFE735906" blockId="100.[156,747,1811,1834]" box="[156,491,1812,1833]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">
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<heading id="D0DD2B0D10229304FF5FE66EFE735906" box="[156,491,1812,1833]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" reason="8">
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GENUS
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210229304FF30E66EFE735906" ID-CoL="538X" authority="SIMON 1899" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1899" box="[243,491,1812,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Iardinis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310229304FF30E66EFECF5906" box="[243,343,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">IARDINIS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010229304FEA3E66EFE735906" author="Simon E" box="[352,491,1812,1833]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" pagination="78 - 125" refId="ref66419" refString="Simon E. 1899. Contribution a la faune de Sumatra. Arachnides recueillis par M J L Weyers, a Sumatra (Deuxieme memoire). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 43: 78 - 125." type="journal article" year="1899">SIMON 1899</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10229304FE37E66EFD735905" box="[500,747,1811,1834]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110229304FE37E66EFD735905" blockId="100.[156,747,1811,1834]" box="[500,747,1811,1834]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">
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<heading id="D0DD2B0D10229304FE37E66EFD735905" box="[500,747,1811,1834]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" reason="8">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="131180E410229304FE3FE66EFD005906" box="[508,664,1811,1833]" captionStart="Figure 135" captionStartId="151.[164,243,1132,1151]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,203,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-281@151.[164,1444,197,1103]" captionTargetPageId="151" captionText="Figure 135. Cleared genitalia: A, Iardinis mussardi (Symphytognathidae) male holotype, right palp, inverted, prolateral view; B, same, retrolateral view, same scale as in panel A; C, Phricotelus stelliger (symphytognathoid) female type, cleared epigynum, ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371575/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">FIGS 135A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131180E410229304FD65E66EFD7B5905" box="[678,739,1812,1834]" captionStart="Figure 144" captionStartId="160.[144,223,1513,1532]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,194,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-93@160.[144,1424,194,1483]" captionTargetPageId="160" captionText="Figure 144. Composite images of Mysmenidae species and outgroups. A, MYSM-023-MAD (Mysmeninae, Mysmenidae), male, lateral view. B, Phricotelus stelliger (Araneoidea), female, type, lateral view. C, Iardinis mussardi (Symphytognathidae), male holotype, dorsal view. D–F, Leucauge venusta (Tetragnathidae); D, male, lateral view; E, female, lateral view; F, female, dorsal view. G–J, Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae); G, male, lateral view; H, male, ventral view; I, female, dorsal view; J, female, lateral view. K, Elanapis aisen (Anapidae), male, ventral view; L, Mysmena (= Tamasesia) rotunda, female, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, K, 0.5 mm; D–J, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371589/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">144C</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3ABB4F10229304FF53E640FB88593C" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">
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<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10229304FF53E640FE5B5960" box="[144,451,1850,1872]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110229304FF53E640FE5B5960" blockId="100.[144,758,1850,1903]" box="[144,451,1850,1872]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8BBA7010229304FF53E640FE275960" author="Simon E" box="[144,447,1850,1872]" page="87" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" year="1899">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210229304FF53E640FE275960" ID-CoL="538X" authority="Simon, 1899: 87" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="87" authorityYear="1899" box="[144,447,1850,1872]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Iardinis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310229304FF53E640FF775960" box="[144,239,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">Iardinis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010229304FF38E640FE275960" author="Simon E" box="[251,447,1850,1872]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" pagination="78 - 125" refId="ref66419" refString="Simon E. 1899. Contribution a la faune de Sumatra. Arachnides recueillis par M J L Weyers, a Sumatra (Deuxieme memoire). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 43: 78 - 125." type="journal article" year="1899">Simon, 1899: 87</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10229304FE13E641FAAD58B6" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110229304FE13E641FAAD58B6" blockId="100.[144,758,1850,1903]" lastBlockId="100.[806,1421,1667,1902]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">
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<typeStatus id="549122C310229304FE13E641FD90597F" box="[464,520,1851,1872]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">Type</typeStatus>
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species by original designation:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8BBA7010229304FEE7E623FD015941" author="Simon E" box="[292,665,1881,1903]" page="87" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" year="1899">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210229304FEE7E623FD015941" authority="Simon 1899: 87" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="87" authorityYear="1899" box="[292,665,1881,1903]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Iardinis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weyersi">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310229304FEE7E623FE455941" box="[292,477,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">Iardinis weyersi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010229304FE24E623FD015941" author="Simon E" box="[487,665,1881,1903]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" pagination="78 - 125" refId="ref66419" refString="Simon E. 1899. Contribution a la faune de Sumatra. Arachnides recueillis par M J L Weyers, a Sumatra (Deuxieme memoire). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 43: 78 - 125." type="journal article" year="1899">Simon 1899: 87</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B95E407310229304FD68E623FCE758B7" box="[683,895,1667,1902]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">nomen dubium</emphasis>
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||
, female
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<typeStatus id="549122C310229304FC27E7F9FB8D58B7" box="[996,1045,1667,1688]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">type</typeStatus>
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and only specimen lost);
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10229304FAFDE7F9FB88593C" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110229304FAFDE7F9FB88593C" blockId="100.[806,1421,1667,1902]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8BBA7010229304FAFDE7F9FC525899" author="Levi H & Levi L" page="22" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" year="1962">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010229304FAFDE7F9FC525899" author="Levi H & Levi L" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref64233" refString="Levi H, Levi L. 1962. The genera of the spider family Theridiidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 127: 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1962">Levi & Levi, 1962: 22</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
(considered
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||
<emphasis id="B95E407310229304FBA1E7D8FB675899" box="[1122,1279,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">incertae sedis</emphasis>
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);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8BBA7010229304FAD9E7D8FC7A58F9" author="Forster R & Platnick NI" page="5" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" year="1977">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010229304FAD9E7D8FC7A58F9" author="Forster R & Platnick NI" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref62351" refString="Forster R, Platnick NI. 1977. A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 2619: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1977">Forster & Platnick, 1977: 5</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(considered
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<emphasis id="B95E407310229304FBADE7BAFA8F58FA" box="[1134,1303,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">nomen dubium</emphasis>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8BBA7010229304FAEEE7BAFC3E58DB" author="Brignoli P" page="1426" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" year="1970">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010229304FAEEE7BAFC3E58DB" author="Brignoli P" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" pagination="1403 - 1420" refId="ref61036" refString="Brignoli P. 1970. Contribution a la connaissance des Symphytognathidae palearctiques (Arachnida, Araneae). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 41: 1403 - 1420." type="journal article" year="1970">Brignoli, 1970: 1426</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8BBA7010229304FC75E7A4FBB058DB" author="Brignoli P" box="[950,1064,1758,1780]" page="250" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010229304FC75E7A4FBB058DB" author="Brignoli P" box="[950,1064,1758,1780]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" pagination="247 - 252" refId="ref61100" refString="Brignoli P. 1978. Spinnen aus Nepal, IV. Drei neue Symphytognathidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 59: 247 - 252." type="journal article" year="1978">1978: 250</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8BBA7010229304FBFBE7A4FB3E58DC" author="Brignoli P" box="[1080,1190,1758,1779]" page="731" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" year="1980">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010229304FBFBE7A4FB3E58DC" author="Brignoli P" box="[1080,1190,1758,1779]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" pagination="727 - 738" refId="ref61128" refString="Brignoli P. 1980. On few Mysmenidae from the Oriental and Australian regions (Araneae). Revue Suisse De Zoologie 87: 727 - 738." type="journal article" year="1980">1980: 731</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(provisional transfer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210229304FCACE787FB9C593C" ID-CoL="624Q2" authorityName="Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1928" box="[879,1028,1789,1811]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mysmenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110229304FCFCE661FCCE5941" blockId="100.[806,1421,1667,1902]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310229304FCFCE661FC3A591F" box="[831,930,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">Iardinus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010229304FC77E661FB18591E" author="Gertsch W" box="[948,1152,1819,1841]" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref62454" refString="Gertsch W. 1960 a. Descriptions of American spiders of the family Symphytognathidae. American Museum Novitates 1981: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Gertsch, 1960a: 8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310229304FB57E661FAAD591F" box="[1172,1333,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">lapsus calami</emphasis>
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||
, transferred from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210229304FC09E640FBC4597F" ID-CoL="H6N" authorityName=", Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1928" box="[970,1116,1850,1872]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
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||
to
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210229304FB51E640FA15597F" ID-CoL="626LX" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" box="[1170,1421,1850,1872]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="100" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B95E407310229304FCE5E623FCDF5941" box="[806,839,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="627">s.l.</emphasis>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF55CCE910239305FF67E4B4FF415816" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331727" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5331727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331727/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" startId="101.[164,243,1486,1505]" targetBox="[164,1445,196,1455]" targetPageId="101">
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110239305FF67E4B4FF415816" blockId="101.[164,1442,1486,1593]" pageId="101" pageNumber="628">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310239305FF67E4B4FE815BCE" bold="true" box="[164,281,1486,1505]" pageId="101" pageNumber="628">Figure 84.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210239305FEE7E4B4FD1E5BCE" authorityName="Platnick & Forster" authorityYear="1989" box="[292,646,1486,1505]" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Crassanapis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310239305FEE7E4B4FD905BCE" box="[292,520,1486,1505]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="628">Crassanapis chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Anapidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right legs: A–E, right legs I; F, G, right legs IV. A, B, D, G, male; C, E, F, female. A, femur and patella, retrolateral; B, same, detail; C, metatarsus, prolateral; D, detail of setal bases on ventral femur; E, metatarsal clasping spur, detail from panel C; F, detail of tarsal ventral setae, retrolateral view; G, tibia, retrolateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10239306FF67E7F9FB275940" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="629" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110239306FF67E7F9FE9D5898" blockId="101.[164,779,1667,1903]" lastBlockId="102.[144,759,1575,1903]" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="629" pageId="101" pageNumber="628">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310239305FF67E7F9FE1A58B7" box="[164,386,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="628">Familial placement:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210239305FE49E7F9FDF458B6" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" box="[394,620,1667,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The type and only specimen of the type species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210239305FD82E7DBFC9A5898" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1899" box="[577,770,1697,1719]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Iardinis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weyersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310239305FD82E7DBFC9A5898" box="[577,770,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="628">Iardinus weyersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from Sumatra was described by Simon in 1899, but has been considered lost by the arachnologists that have tried to examine the type material (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010239305FD6AE787FF73591E" author="Gertsch W" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref62454" refString="Gertsch W. 1960 a. Descriptions of American spiders of the family Symphytognathidae. American Museum Novitates 1981: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Gertsch, 1960a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010239305FF3BE661FE50591E" author="Levi H & Levi L" box="[248,456,1819,1841]" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref64233" refString="Levi H, Levi L. 1962. The genera of the spider family Theridiidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 127: 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1962">Levi & Levi, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010239305FE16E661FDE2591E" author="Brignoli P" box="[469,634,1819,1841]" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" pagination="1403 - 1420" refId="ref61036" refString="Brignoli P. 1970. Contribution a la connaissance des Symphytognathidae palearctiques (Arachnida, Araneae). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 41: 1403 - 1420." type="journal article" year="1970">Brignoli, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010239305FD44E666FD58591E" author="Brignoli P" box="[647,704,1820,1841]" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" pagination="247 - 252" refId="ref61100" refString="Brignoli P. 1978. Spinnen aus Nepal, IV. Drei neue Symphytognathidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 59: 247 - 252." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010239305FD0EE666FC9E591E" author="Brignoli P" box="[717,774,1820,1841]" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" pagination="727 - 738" refId="ref61128" refString="Brignoli P. 1980. On few Mysmenidae from the Oriental and Australian regions (Araneae). Revue Suisse De Zoologie 87: 727 - 738." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010239305FF67E641FE4A597F" author="Forster R & Platnick NI" box="[164,466,1850,1872]" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref62351" refString="Forster R, Platnick NI. 1977. A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 2619: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1977">Forster & Platnick, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The vial from the Paris Museum (MNHN) with the original label that should have housed the type material is actually empty (L. Lopardo & G. Hormiga, pers. observ.). Nevertheless, two additional species have been described for the genus:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210239305FBF1E7A4FA3A58DC" authority="Brignoli, 1978" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1978" box="[1074,1442,1758,1780]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Iardinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310239305FBF1E7A4FB6458DB" box="[1074,1276,1758,1780]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="628">Iardinus martensi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010239305FAC7E7A4FA3A58DC" author="Brignoli P" box="[1284,1442,1758,1780]" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" pagination="247 - 252" refId="ref61100" refString="Brignoli P. 1978. Spinnen aus Nepal, IV. Drei neue Symphytognathidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 59: 247 - 252." type="journal article" year="1978">Brignoli, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33DDCF110239305FCB5E787FC23593C" box="[886,955,1789,1811]" name="Nepal" pageId="101" pageNumber="628">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210239305FC34E787FAFE593D" authority="Brignoli 1980" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1980" box="[1015,1382,1789,1811]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Iardinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mussardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310239305FC34E787FB5F593D" box="[1015,1223,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="628">Iardinus mussardi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBE19010239305FB0CE787FAFE593D" author="Brignoli P" box="[1231,1382,1789,1811]" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" pagination="727 - 738" refId="ref61128" refString="Brignoli P. 1980. On few Mysmenidae from the Oriental and Australian regions (Araneae). Revue Suisse De Zoologie 87: 727 - 738." type="journal article" year="1980">Brignoli 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33DDCF110239305FCF9E661FCED591E" box="[826,885,1819,1841]" name="India" pageId="101" pageNumber="628">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="549122C310239305FC40E661FC79591E" box="[899,993,1819,1841]" pageId="101" pageNumber="628" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
examined, see also
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410239305FB7DE661FAD5591E" box="[1214,1357,1819,1841]" captionStart="Figure 135" captionStartId="151.[164,243,1132,1151]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,203,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-281@151.[164,1444,197,1103]" captionTargetPageId="151" captionText="Figure 135. Cleared genitalia: A, Iardinis mussardi (Symphytognathidae) male holotype, right palp, inverted, prolateral view; B, same, retrolateral view, same scale as in panel A; C, Phricotelus stelliger (symphytognathoid) female type, cleared epigynum, ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371575/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="628">Figs 135A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410239305FA99E666FA0F591D" box="[1370,1431,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 144" captionStartId="160.[144,223,1513,1532]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,194,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-93@160.[144,1424,194,1483]" captionTargetPageId="160" captionText="Figure 144. Composite images of Mysmenidae species and outgroups. A, MYSM-023-MAD (Mysmeninae, Mysmenidae), male, lateral view. B, Phricotelus stelliger (Araneoidea), female, type, lateral view. C, Iardinis mussardi (Symphytognathidae), male holotype, dorsal view. D–F, Leucauge venusta (Tetragnathidae); D, male, lateral view; E, female, lateral view; F, female, dorsal view. G–J, Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae); G, male, lateral view; H, male, ventral view; I, female, dorsal view; J, female, lateral view. K, Elanapis aisen (Anapidae), male, ventral view; L, Mysmena (= Tamasesia) rotunda, female, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, K, 0.5 mm; D–J, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371589/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="628">144C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both species are exclusively known from their male type specimens. To add to the enigmatic status of the genus, the original vial containing the type and only specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210209306FE8CE73CFE5E5874" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1978" box="[335,454,1606,1627]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Iardinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310209306FE8CE73CFE5E5874" box="[335,454,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="629">I. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead contained a female anapid (L. Lopardo & G. Hormiga, pers. observ.), and therefore its morphology had to be scored from the literature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF55CCE910209306FF53E4D9FAD25BDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5331729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331729/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" startId="102.[144,223,1443,1462]" targetBox="[144,1425,196,1414]" targetPageId="102">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110209306FF53E4D9FAD25BDE" blockId="102.[144,1421,1443,1521]" pageId="102" pageNumber="629">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310209306FF53E4D9FE9D5B99" bold="true" box="[144,261,1443,1462]" pageId="102" pageNumber="629">Figure 85.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210209306FED3E4DEFDEC5B99" authorityName="Platnick & Forster" authorityYear="1989" box="[272,628,1443,1463]" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Crassanapis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310209306FED3E4DEFE6D5B99" box="[272,501,1443,1463]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="629">Crassanapis chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Anapidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female: A, prosoma, lateral view; B, digested abdomen, anterior respiratory system and vulva, dorsal view; C, same, posterior respiratory system; D, same, anterior respiratory system and vulva, dorsal–anterior view; E, labium, ventral view; F, carapace, lateral cuticular pattern; G, left palpal tarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110209306FF6BE7BAFB275940" blockId="102.[144,759,1575,1903]" lastBlockId="102.[806,1422,1575,1903]" pageId="102" pageNumber="629">
|
||
Nonetheless, both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210209306FE56E7BAFE6058FA" box="[405,504,1728,1749]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Iardinis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310209306FE56E7BAFE6058FA" box="[405,504,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="629">Iardinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species included in the 65- and 70-taxa data sets (i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210209306FDFCE7A5FD2758DB" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1978" box="[575,703,1759,1780]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Iardinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310209306FDFCE7A5FD2758DB" box="[575,703,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="629">I. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210209306FF53E784FE81593D" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1980" box="[144,281,1789,1811]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Iardinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mussardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310209306FF53E784FE81593D" box="[144,281,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="629">I. mussardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210209306FD4EE787FE8A591E" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210209306FEACE661FE65591E" box="[367,509,1819,1841]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mysmenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Morphologically these species have none of the synapomorphic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210209306FF53E623FEBC5940" box="[144,292,1881,1903]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mysmenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and thus, as with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210209306FDD0E623FD345941" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1995" box="[531,684,1881,1902]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310209306FDD0E623FD345941" box="[531,684,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="629">Crassignatha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, their placement in a different family was expected. They differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210209306FCA7E73FFC6D5874" box="[868,1013,1605,1627]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mysmenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of femoral spots (at least in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210209306FC4AE71FFB935856" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1980" box="[905,1035,1636,1658]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Iardinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mussardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310209306FC4AE71FFB935856" box="[905,1035,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="629">I. mussardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), absence of tibial or metatarsal clasping spines on leg I, dorsal (instead of ventral) cymbium, absence of cymbial structures (e.g. primary conductor, process, and paracymbium), and presence of median apophysis. They further share with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210209306FCE5E787FB93593C" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" box="[806,1035,1789,1811]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="102" pageNumber="629" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the loss of anterior median eyes, thick setae on the dorsal part of the abdomen, absence of cheliceral denticles, loss of colulus, and absence of palpal patellar or tibial apophyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |