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<document id="686B8517FA6CFDC92B4B8F6970BC0117" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4000.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7d59f2ba-64d9-4aad-8b7d-0b317faf4455" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="232100" ID-ZooBank="2B105E46-B384-403D-BA1D-955965BF7AA8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461188934719" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Poeta, Maria Rita Muniz &amp; Lise, Arno Antonio" docDate="2015" docId="EA7B0270124AFFE2FF452A976A74F8FA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04000p400.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4000 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Alpaida nigrofrenata Simon 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="397" masterDocId="16427A08124AFFE2FFD2294A6E2BFFF3" masterDocTitle="On the males of the orb-weaving spiders Alpaida nigrofrenata (Simon, 1895), A. machala Levi, 1988, and A. cisneros Levi, 1988 (Araneae, Araneidae) and a new synonymy" masterLastPageNumber="400" masterPageNumber="397" pageNumber="397" updateTime="1698600374342" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7464D830732F966D3BF51B69E9B902C1">On the males of the orb-weaving spiders Alpaida nigrofrenata (Simon, 1895), A. machala Levi, 1988, and A. cisneros Levi, 1988 (Araneae, Araneidae) and a new synonymy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A2D727EEAC7EF1469E0571FAA75C3A7B">Poeta, Maria Rita Muniz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11F2E6F612968BDEFD5E37AA1D6BBB79">Lise, Arno Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C9C0AC3094316E04C632FE3EC318254D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CEA4DF1DCAFBF287D5669B93003716A1">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="EA7B0270124AFFE2FF452A976A74F8FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6094617" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119629202" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6094617" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA7B0270124AFFE2FF452A976A74F8FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA7B0270124AFFE2FF452A976A74F8FA" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<subSubSection id="2AC8E0ED124AFFE2FF452A976F27FBE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="626DB366124AFFE2FF452A976C62FC05" blockId="0.[151,585,988,1047]" box="[151,585,988,1015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<heading id="3925040A124AFFE2FF452A976C62FC05" bold="true" box="[151,585,988,1015]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="A5D2C8E5124AFFE2FF452A976C62FC05" ID-CoL="C5XK" authority="Simon, 1895" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,585,988,1015]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofrenata">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FF452A976C62FC05" bold="true" box="[151,585,988,1015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FF452A976FBEFC04" bold="true" box="[151,405,989,1015]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Alpaida nigrofrenata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0643CE97124AFFE2FE772A966C6AFC05" author="Simon" box="[421,577,988,1014]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" refString="Simon, E. (1895) Histoire Naturelle des Araignees. Vol. 1. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 274 pp. [pp. 761 - 1084]" type="book chapter" year="1895">Simon, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="626DB366124AFFE2FF452D4A6F27FBE4" blockId="0.[151,585,988,1047]" box="[151,268,1024,1047]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
(
<figureCitation id="FAE9AFE3124AFFE2FF4D2D4A6F28FBE4" box="[159,259,1024,1047]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 6" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[415,1164,184,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[397,1189,174,1485]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 6. Alpaida nigrofrenata (Simon, 1895). 1, Male palp, mesal; 2, male habitus. Alpaida machala Levi, 1988. 3, Male palp, mesal; 4, male habitus. Alpaida cisneros Levi, 1988. 5, Male palp, mesal; 6, male habitus. Abbreviations: A, terminal apophysis; C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis, P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix, T, tegulum. Scale bars, 1, 3, 5, 0.25 mm; 2, 4, 6, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232101/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AC8E0ED124AFFE2FF452D0F6A56FB6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="626DB366124AFFE2FF452D0F6D21FB8F" blockId="0.[151,1435,1092,1180]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="42C29448124AFFE2FF452D0F6D21FB8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicName id="A5D2C8E5124AFFE2FF452D0F6C7CFBAF" authority="Simon, 1895: 816" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="816" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,599,1092,1116]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofrenatus">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FF452D0F6FA3FBAF" box="[151,392,1092,1116]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Araneus nigrofrenatus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="E3739577124AFFE2FE432D0F6C7CFBAF" author="Simon" box="[401,599,1093,1116]" page="816" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" year="1895">
<bibRefCitation id="0643CE97124AFFE2FE432D0F6C30FBAF" author="Simon" box="[401,539,1093,1116]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" refString="Simon, E. (1895) Histoire Naturelle des Araignees. Vol. 1. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 274 pp. [pp. 761 - 1084]" type="book chapter" year="1895">Simon, 1895</bibRefCitation>
: 816
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Female
<typeStatus id="BD690DC4124AFFE2FD6E2D0F6D32FBAF" box="[700,793,1093,1116]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from Caraça, Minas Gerais,
<collectingCountry id="1AC5F3F6124AFFE2FB882D0F6AB5FBAF" box="[1114,1182,1093,1116]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Deposited in Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN, not examined).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="626DB366124AFFE2FF452DCE6A56FB6F" blockId="0.[151,1435,1092,1180]" box="[151,1149,1156,1180]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="42C29448124AFFE2FF452DCE6A56FB6F" box="[151,1149,1156,1180]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicName id="A5D2C8E5124AFFE2FF452DCE6F5DFB6F" ID-CoL="C5XK" box="[151,374,1156,1180]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofrenata">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FF452DCE6F5DFB6F" box="[151,374,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Alpaida nigrofrenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="E3739577124AFFE2FE572DCF6C1BFB6F" author="Levi" box="[389,560,1157,1180]" page="421" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="0643CE97124AFFE2FE572DCF6FD7FB6F" author="Levi" box="[389,508,1157,1180]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" refString="Levi, H. W. (1988) The neotropical orb-weaving spiders of the genus Alpaida (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 151, 365 - 487." type="journal article" year="1988">Levi, 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 421
</treatmentCitation>
, figures 223225;
<treatmentCitation id="E3739577124AFFE2FD252DCF6DDEFB6F" author="Buckup" box="[759,1013,1156,1180]" page="487" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="0643CE97124AFFE2FD252DCF6DECFB6F" author="Buckup" box="[759,967,1156,1180]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" refString="Buckup, E. H., Marques, M. A. L., Rodrigues, E. N. L. &amp; Ott, R. (2010) Lista das especies de aranhas (Arachnida, Araneae) do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 100, 483 - 518. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212010000400021" type="journal article" year="2010">
Buckup
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FC832DCF6D54FB6F" box="[849,895,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
:487
</treatmentCitation>
; WSC 2015.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AC8E0ED124AFFE2FF452D826A4BFAD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="626DB366124AFFE2FF452D826A17FAF2" blockId="0.[151,1436,1224,1801]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FF452D826F51FB2C" bold="true" box="[151,378,1224,1247]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1AC5F3F6124AFFE2FE562D826FCCFB2C" box="[388,487,1224,1247]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
, Rio Grande do Sul:
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FD0E2D826D1FFB2C" box="[732,820,1224,1247]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Viamão,</emphasis>
<geoCoordinate id="07E6D5A1124AFFE2FCED2D826DB2FB2C" box="[831,921,1224,1247]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" precision="925" value="-30.083334">30°05S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="07E6D5A1124AFFE2FC7A2D826A21FB2C" box="[936,1034,1224,1247]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" precision="925" value="-51.016666">51°01W</geoCoordinate>
, ♀,
<date id="166C95A6124AFFE2FBED2D826AEFFB2C" box="[1087,1220,1224,1247]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" value="1992-12-08">08.XII.1992</date>
, A.A. Lise (
<collectionCode id="04C32BA3124AFFE2FA832D826BB0FB2C" box="[1361,1435,1224,1247]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rq94-ajyg" name="Museu de Ciencias" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">MCTP</collectionCode>
2806).
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FF302DA06FB1FAF2" box="[226,410,1257,1281]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Novo Hamburgo,</emphasis>
<geoCoordinate id="07E6D5A1124AFFE2FE732DA06FD0FAF2" box="[417,507,1258,1281]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" precision="925" value="-29.683332">29°41S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="07E6D5A1124AFFE2FDD42DA06C43FAF2" box="[518,616,1258,1281]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" precision="925" value="-51.116665">51°07W</geoCoordinate>
, ♀,
<date id="166C95A6124AFFE2FD462DA06D24FAF2" box="[660,783,1258,1281]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" value="1985-11-04">04.XI.1985</date>
, C.J. Becker (MCN 14357).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="626DB366124AFFE2FF152C476A4BFAD7" blockId="0.[151,1436,1224,1801]" box="[199,1120,1293,1316]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FF152C476F28FAD7" bold="true" box="[199,259,1293,1316]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Note.</emphasis>
Male and female were considered conspecific for having the same color pattern.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AC8E0ED124AFFE2FF152C7A6B64FA5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="626DB366124AFFE2FF152C7A6B64FA5C" blockId="0.[151,1436,1224,1801]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FF152C7A6F17FAB4" bold="true" box="[199,316,1328,1351]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The palp of
<taxonomicName id="A5D2C8E5124AFFE2FE092C656CEBFAB4" box="[475,704,1327,1351]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofrenata">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FE092C656CEBFAB4" box="[475,704,1327,1351]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Alpaida nigrofrenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="FAE9AFE3124AFFE2FD072C7A6D32FAB4" box="[725,793,1328,1351]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 6" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[415,1164,184,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[397,1189,174,1485]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 6. Alpaida nigrofrenata (Simon, 1895). 1, Male palp, mesal; 2, male habitus. Alpaida machala Levi, 1988. 3, Male palp, mesal; 4, male habitus. Alpaida cisneros Levi, 1988. 5, Male palp, mesal; 6, male habitus. Abbreviations: A, terminal apophysis; C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis, P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix, T, tegulum. Scale bars, 1, 3, 5, 0.25 mm; 2, 4, 6, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232101/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="A5D2C8E5124AFFE2FBCC2C656B4EFAB4" authority="Keyserling, 1892" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1892" box="[1054,1381,1327,1351]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citrina">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FBCC2C656AA3FAB4" box="[1054,1160,1327,1351]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">A. citrina</emphasis>
(Keyserling, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="0643CE97124AFFE2FF452C186FF2FA9A" author="Rodrigues" box="[151,473,1362,1385]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" refString="Rodrigues, E. N. L. &amp; Mendoca, M. (2011) Araneid orb-weavers (Araneae, Araneidae) associated with riparian forests in southern Brazil: a new species, complementary descriptions and new records. Zootaxa, 2759, 60 - 68." type="journal article" year="2011">Rodrigues &amp; Mendonça 2011</bibRefCitation>
, figures 14) in having a square-shaped terminal apophysis.
<taxonomicName id="A5D2C8E5124AFFE2FBBC2C186B38FA9A" box="[1134,1299,1361,1385]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofrenata">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FBBC2C186B38FA9A" box="[1134,1299,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">A. nigrofrenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the latter species in having a smooth median apophysis, not denticulate as in
<taxonomicName id="A5D2C8E5124AFFE2FC072C3F6A10FA7F" box="[981,1083,1397,1420]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citrina">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FC072C3F6A10FA7F" box="[981,1083,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">A. citrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also,
<taxonomicName id="A5D2C8E5124AFFE2FB582C3F6B07FA7F" box="[1162,1324,1396,1420]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofrenata">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FB582C3F6B07FA7F" box="[1162,1324,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">A. nigrofrenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
features a unique black band from the posterior median eyes to the anterior lateral eyes (
<figureCitation id="FAE9AFE3124AFFE2FC042CD26A3DFA5C" box="[982,1046,1432,1455]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 6" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[415,1164,184,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[397,1189,174,1485]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 6. Alpaida nigrofrenata (Simon, 1895). 1, Male palp, mesal; 2, male habitus. Alpaida machala Levi, 1988. 3, Male palp, mesal; 4, male habitus. Alpaida cisneros Levi, 1988. 5, Male palp, mesal; 6, male habitus. Abbreviations: A, terminal apophysis; C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis, P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix, T, tegulum. Scale bars, 1, 3, 5, 0.25 mm; 2, 4, 6, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232101/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) (see
<bibRefCitation id="0643CE97124AFFE2FB842CD26AEDFA5C" author="Levi" box="[1110,1222,1432,1455]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" refString="Levi, H. W. (1988) The neotropical orb-weaving spiders of the genus Alpaida (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 151, 365 - 487." type="journal article" year="1988">Levi 1988</bibRefCitation>
, figure 225).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AC8E0ED124AFFE2FF152CF06FF2F914" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="description">
<paragraph id="626DB366124AFFE2FF152CF06A90F937" blockId="0.[151,1436,1224,1801]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FF152CF06F79FA22" bold="true" box="[199,338,1466,1489]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FE852CF36FA5FA22" box="[343,398,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Male</emphasis>
(MCN 14357, Novo Hamburgo, RS,
<collectingCountry id="1AC5F3F6124AFFE2FCCF2CF06D48FA22" box="[797,867,1466,1489]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Brazil</collectingCountry>
). Total length 3.65. Carapace length 1.50, width 1.30, height 0.60. Clypeus height 0.10. Sternum width 0.60. Abdomen length 2.0, width 1.30, height 1.00. Leg formula 1243. Leg lengths (I/II/III/IV): femur 1.40/1.20/0.80/1.10; patella+tibia 1.56/1.30/0.88/1.20; metatarsus 0.90/0.76/0.50/0.80; tarsus 0.50/0.46/0.40/0.40. Total leg 4.36/3.72/2.58/3.50. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.06, PME 0.08, PLE 0.06; AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PLE 0.20, AME-AME 0.10, PME-PME 0.12. Eyes with black borders. Carapace pale orange, with black longitudinal band between the PME and ALE (
<figureCitation id="FAE9AFE3124AFFE2FC592F226DE0F98C" box="[907,971,1640,1663]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 6" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[415,1164,184,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[397,1189,174,1485]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 6. Alpaida nigrofrenata (Simon, 1895). 1, Male palp, mesal; 2, male habitus. Alpaida machala Levi, 1988. 3, Male palp, mesal; 4, male habitus. Alpaida cisneros Levi, 1988. 5, Male palp, mesal; 6, male habitus. Abbreviations: A, terminal apophysis; C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis, P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix, T, tegulum. Scale bars, 1, 3, 5, 0.25 mm; 2, 4, 6, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232101/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), as the female (see
<bibRefCitation id="0643CE97124AFFE2FB762F226B38F98C" author="Levi" box="[1188,1299,1640,1663]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" refString="Levi, H. W. (1988) The neotropical orb-weaving spiders of the genus Alpaida (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 151, 365 - 487." type="journal article" year="1988">Levi 1988</bibRefCitation>
, figure 225). Sternum, labium, endites, and chelicerae pale yellow. Legs pale yellow, distal half of tibiae dark-brown; basal half of metatarsus and distal half of tarsus dark-brown. Abdomen longer than wide and seems decolorized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="626DB366124AFFE2FF452F856FF2F914" blockId="0.[151,1436,1224,1801]" box="[151,473,1743,1767]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FF452F856ECCF914" box="[151,231,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Female</emphasis>
: see
<bibRefCitation id="0643CE97124AFFE2FECF2F9A6FFEF914" author="Levi" box="[285,469,1744,1767]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" refString="Levi, H. W. (1988) The neotropical orb-weaving spiders of the genus Alpaida (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 151, 365 - 487." type="journal article" year="1988">Levi (1988: 421)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AC8E0ED124AFFE2FF152FB86A74F8FA" box="[199,1119,1778,1801]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="626DB366124AFFE2FF152FB86A74F8FA" blockId="0.[151,1436,1224,1801]" box="[199,1119,1778,1801]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="50A66F74124AFFE2FF152FB86F72F8FA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1778,1801]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1AC5F3F6124AFFE2FE8D2FB86F8FF8FA" box="[351,420,1778,1801]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Minas Gerais (Simon 1985) and Rio Grande do Sul (
<bibRefCitation id="0643CE97124AFFE2FC322FB86A78F8FA" author="Levi" box="[992,1107,1778,1801]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" refString="Levi, H. W. (1988) The neotropical orb-weaving spiders of the genus Alpaida (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 151, 365 - 487." type="journal article" year="1988">Levi 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>