140 lines
11 KiB
XML
140 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a15ec661-e796-4207-8509-756590c75c0e" ID-PMC="PMC4389221" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-493-1" ID-PubMed="25878545" ID-ZBK="1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-493-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 493" ModsDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" checkinTime="1451244490299" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van, Buffington, Matthew L. & Forshage, Mattias" docDate="2015" docId="EABC4AF97E22D80725712992459252E5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 493: 1-176" docOrigin="ZooKeys 493" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" docTitle="Xyalophora Kieffer 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="DD2DFF8EFFC4FFA2FFD7FFE4FFB46007" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1668160156725" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>493</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>176</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-493-1</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059206" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EABC4AF97E22D80725712992459252E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EABC4AF97E22D80725712992459252E5" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="multiple">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Figitidae</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer, 1901" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalophora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xyalophora Kieffer, 1901</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
Rare. Recently revised by Jimenez et al. (2008) and
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="van Noort, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="37 - 69" title="Review of Afrotropical Figitinae (Figitidae, Cynipoidea, Hymenoptera) with the first record of Neralsia and Lonchidia for the region." url="10.3897/zookeys.453.8511" volume="453" year="2014">van Noort et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalophora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xyalophora</taxonomicName>
|
|
shares the presence of a scutellar spine with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Neralsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neralsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neralsia</taxonomicName>
|
|
, absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Figites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Figites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Figites</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Lonchidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lonchidia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lonchidia</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalophora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xyalophora</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be separated from
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Neralsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neralsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neralsia</taxonomicName>
|
|
by the presence of transversely striate notauli (smooth in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Neralsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neralsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neralsia</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and an often slightly smaller scutellar spine; this second character, however, is often linked to adult body size and should be used with caution. As in the case of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Neralsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neralsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neralsia</taxonomicName>
|
|
, species of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalophora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xyalophora</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be superficially similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Aspicerinae">Aspicerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), but can be separated from that taxon by the lack of a facial impression on the head, as well as the lack of a ligulate metasomal T2. All three African species have the occipital carinae directed towards the ocellar area and separated in the middle by a smooth surface as well as a smooth interocellar area.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
Figure 48.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalophora tedjoansi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tedjoansi">Xyalophora tedjoansi</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Mali). A habitus lateral view B head and mesosoma dorsal view C head, anterior view.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
Probably worldwide, but no records from the Oriental region are published. Afrotropical records: Burkina Faso (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Jimenez, M" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Entomology" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="751 - 769" title="Revision of Xyalophora Kieffer and description of Xyalophoroides gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Figitinae)." url="10.14411/eje.2008.101" volume="105" year="2008 c">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2008c
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, Namibia, South Africa (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="van Noort, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="37 - 69" title="Review of Afrotropical Figitinae (Figitidae, Cynipoidea, Hymenoptera) with the first record of Neralsia and Lonchidia for the region." url="10.3897/zookeys.453.8511" volume="453" year="2014">van Noort et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="biology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
Parasitoids of calyptrate
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="Brachycera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="suborder" suborder="Brachycera">Brachycera</taxonomicName>
|
|
larvae in decomposing substrates (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ionescu, MA" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, Insecta" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" title="HymenopteraCynipoidea." volume="vol IX" year="1969">Ionescu 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="species richness">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Species richness.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalophora tedjoansi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tedjoansi">Xyalophora tedjoansi</taxonomicName>
|
|
van Noort, Buffington & Forshage, 2014 (Mali)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalophora provancheri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="provancheri">Xyalophora provancheri</taxonomicName>
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
|
& Pujade-Villar, 2008 (Burkina Faso)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalophora tintini" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tintini">Xyalophora tintini</taxonomicName>
|
|
van Noort, Buffington & Forshage, 2014 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Namibia, South Africa)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |