152 lines
16 KiB
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152 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D37D81E2116CF2129EA60EFCF2DF3743">Taxonomy, ecology and distribution of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Dutch Leeward Islands, with a key to the adults and fourth instar larvae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D98ED42A06F18CAA032375093531A98B">Cooper, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A865AE7E0334890F57535CBAFD9946C5">Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A640D5C761FDBAC2745256D7C7A8A24D">Macdonald, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F8608249AA0B1CF5B322C48834CF634">Nanova, Olga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B6F2E761B1E8AAD7653CB628F3DBC9E9">Yudin, Viktor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EEB0A8728D114C16BD2FCAE6002A35E5">Dugmore, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A8207ECA5B6AF71A188C05C739F4454">Kitchener, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4ADF03829EC03982EFC002E8B03EEEBF">Contributions to Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3B281F03F8006BF421D95BEFCCA9F9E6">
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<mods:date id="309BD6D2D85AA7E48C4CB9D89611BA89">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0119D87B3A5FBD9A788F4187D1C338B7">2020-07-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DA2CA346C3D9C808300F7E0C6BBC718D">89</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="582E398DAC6A5A5F7749ABDCD6A4A411" type="DOI">10.1163/18759866-bja10005</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5E9408106BCEC8E3C2C01923F0F71BDD" type="ISSN">1875-9866</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3371C9493652FFE811DDFDBFFEDBFEE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3371C9493652FFE811DDFDBFFEDBFEE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3371C9493652FFE811DDFDBFFEDBFEE4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="382" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
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<subSubSection id="F3C22BD43652FFEB11DDFDBFFB91FD9E" box="[646,1133,602,629]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BB67785F3652FFEB11DDFDBFFB91FD9E" blockId="9.[646,1133,602,629]" box="[646,1133,602,629]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3652FFEB11DDFDBFFB91FD9E" ID-CoL="8BMKC" ID-ENA="1206310" authority="Dyar" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[646,1133,602,629]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="habilitator" subGenus="Culex">
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3652FFEB11DDFDBFFC6FFD9E" box="[646,915,602,628]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Culex (Culex) habilitator</emphasis>
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Dyar en Knab, 1906
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F3C22BD43652FFE811DDFD9BFEDBFEE4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BB67785F3652FFE811DDFD9BFEDBFEE4" blockId="9.[644,1158,638,1741]" lastBlockId="10.[129,639,171,270]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
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Although
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3652FFEB11A3FD9AFC24FD72" author="Van der Kuyp, E." box="[760,984,638,665]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" pagination="747 - 749" refId="ref12797" refString="Van der Kuyp, E. (1948) Mosquito records of the Netherlands Windward Islands. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 28, 747 - 749." type="journal article" year="1948">Van der Kuyp (1948</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3652FFEB10BEFD9BFBE4FD72" author="Van der Kuyp, E." box="[997,1048,638,664]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref12830" refString="Van der Kuyp, E. (1949) Annotated list of mosquitoes of the Netherlands Antilles including French St. Martin, with a note on Eutriatoma maculata on Curacao and Bonaire. Doc. Neerl. Indones. Morbis Trop. 1, 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1949">1949</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3652FFEB177FFD9BFBA8FD73" author="Van der Kuyp, E." box="[1060,1108,638,665]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" pagination="37 - 114" refId="ref12913" refString="Van der Kuyp, E. (1954) Mosquitoes of the Netherlands Antilles and their hygienic importance. Stud. Fauna Curacao other Caribb. Islands 5, 37 - 114." type="journal article" year="1954">1954</bibRefCitation>
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) reported
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3652FFEB118CFD47FC88FD56" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[727,884,674,700]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="habilitator">
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3652FFEB118CFD47FC88FD56" box="[727,884,674,700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Cx. habilitator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from land crab holes on
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<collectingCountry id="C3CF38CF3652FFEB11DCFD23FCE0FD0A" box="[647,796,710,736]" name="Sint Martin" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Sint Maarten</collectingCountry>
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(Rolandus Channel and Lower Princess Quarter) often together with
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3652FFEB1778FD0EFD51FCCD" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
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De.
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3652FFEB1711FD0EFD51FCCD" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Deinocerites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">magnus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, we did not find any. The identification of this species is problematic as adults look very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3652FFEB1058FCB3FC4FFC85" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[771,947,853,880]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahamensis">
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3652FFEB1058FCB3FC4FFC85" box="[771,947,853,880]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Cx. bahamensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, whereas the larvae resemble
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3652FFEB107AFC9FFC3BFC79" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[801,967,889,916]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripalpus">
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3652FFEB107AFC9FFC3BFC79" box="[801,967,889,916]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Cx. nigripalpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Despite the fact that Van der Kuyp collected both larvae and adults, and therefore identification should be easy, his description of the larvae does not agree with diagnostic characters described by
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3652FFEB11DCFBC8FCF2FBAD" author="Bram, R. A." box="[647,782,1069,1095]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" pagination="1 - 122" refId="ref10320" refString="Bram, R. A. (1967) Classification of Culex subgenus Culex in the New World (Diptera: Culicidae). Proc. United States Natl. Museum 120, 1 - 122." type="journal article" year="1967">Bram (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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. The larvae of Van der Kuyp have “anal gills, about as long as the segment, with blunt tips” and are pictured with a double apical tuft on the siphon; the gills should be short, pointed, and the tuft should be triple.This suggests that the larvae actually fit the description of
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3652FFEB11FFFAE0FCB6FAF4" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[676,842,1284,1311]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripalpus">
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3652FFEB11FFFAE0FCB6FAF4" box="[676,842,1284,1311]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Cx. nigripalpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a species that is sometimes found in crab holes as well (
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3652FFEB10E1FACDFB89FAA8" author="Belkin, J. N. & Heinemann, S. J. & Page, W. A." box="[954,1141,1320,1347]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" pagination="1 - 458" refId="ref10012" refString="Belkin, J. N., Heinemann, S. J. & Page, W. A. (1970) The Culicidae of Jamaica (Mosquito studies. XXI). Contrib. Am. Entomol. Inst. 6, 1 - 458." type="journal article" year="1970">Belkin et al., 1970</bibRefCitation>
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). Van der Kuyp’s adults do however resemble the few available descriptions of
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3652FFEB10A4FA94FD5AFA44" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="habilitator">
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3652FFEB10A4FA94FD5AFA44" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Cx. habilitator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3652FFEB11EDFA70FCDBFA44" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[694,807,1428,1455]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" refId="ref10893" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The Mosquitoes of the Americas. Carnegie Institute, Washington, D. C., Washington, DC." type="book" year="1928">Dyar, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3652FFEB106FFA70FC5AFA45" author="Lane, J." box="[820,934,1428,1455]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" refId="ref11939" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae, Vol. I and II. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo." type="book" year="1953">Lane, 1953</bibRefCitation>
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[erroneously noted as “habilitador” [sic]];
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3652FFEB10D5FA5DFBF7FA38" author="Bram, R. A." box="[910,1035,1464,1490]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" pagination="1 - 122" refId="ref10320" refString="Bram, R. A. (1967) Classification of Culex subgenus Culex in the New World (Diptera: Culicidae). Proc. United States Natl. Museum 120, 1 - 122." type="journal article" year="1967">Bram, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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). The fact that
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3652FFEB11E0FA39FCA6FA1C" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[699,858,1500,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="habilitator">
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3652FFEB11E0FA39FCA6FA1C" box="[699,858,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Cx. habilitator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is present on many of the Lesser Antillean islands (Belkin&Heinemann, 1975, 1976;
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3652FFEB1059F9C1FC50F9D4" author="Schaffner, F." box="[770,940,1572,1598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" refId="ref12735" refString="Schaffner, F. (2003) Les moustiques de Guadeloupe. Rapport d'Entente Interdepartementale pour la Demoustication, Montpellier, France." type="book" year="2003">Schaffner, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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) suggests that this species may be present on the Dutch Leeward Islands too. To determine whether Van der Kuyp’s records really represent this species, a reanalysis of the original material stored in the
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<materialsCitation id="0BB072023651FFE813DAFF4EFEDFFEE4" collectionCode="NMNH" country="United States of America" location="Smithsonian Institution" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="District of Columbia">
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<location id="BE072E843651FFE813DAFF4EFE6DFF2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3371C9493652FFE811DDFDBFFEDBFEE4:BE072E843651FFE813DAFF4EFE6DFF2F" box="[129,401,171,197]" country="United States of America" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" name="Smithsonian Institution" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" stateProvince="District of Columbia">Smithsonian Institution</location>
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is needed (
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<collectingMunicipality id="5B03E2253651FFE81147FF4EFE4FFF03" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">National Museum of Natural History</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="791CB6BD3651FFE812E5FF2AFD87FF03" box="[446,635,207,233]" country="United States of America" name="District of Columbia" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Washington D.C.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="C3CF38CF3651FFE813DAFF16FF4EFEE7" box="[129,178,243,269]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">USA</collectingCountry>
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–
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<collectionCode id="DDC9E09A3651FFE8139CFF11FEE0FEE4" box="[199,284,244,270]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |