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<mods:title id="B89A1959957B42993A47EC9118B4DCCF">Free-living Heterotrophic Flagellates Lakes in Turkey (Protista) from Two Hypersaline</mods:title>
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<treatment id="AF4987FEFF9A0337806DE0D0FB3F4EC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF4987FEFF9A0337806DE0D0FB3F4EC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF4987FEFF9A0337806DE0D0FB3F4EC8" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
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<paragraph id="275F36E8FF9A0337806DE0D0FA624BF9" blockId="9.[847,1441,657,684]" box="[847,1441,657,684]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A0337806DE0D0FA624BF9" bold="true" box="[847,1441,657,684]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="E0E04D6BFF9A0337806DE0D0FB3D4BF9" authority="Tong 1997" authorityName="Tong" authorityYear="1997" box="[847,1278,657,684]" family="Placidiaceae" genus="Pendulomonas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Bigyra" rank="species" species="adriperis">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A0337806DE0D0FBB44BFE" bold="true" box="[847,1143,657,684]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Pendulomonas adriperis</emphasis>
Tong 1997
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BFDB2A6DFF9A0337862FE0D0FAA94BF9" box="[1293,1386,657,683]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[132,167,1414,1436]" captionTargetBox="[138,1456,236,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[127,1465,223,1363]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. (a) Ancyromonas sigmoides, (b) Neobodo curvifilus, (c) Chelonemonas sp., (d) Carpediemonas membranifera, (e) Caecitellus parvulus, (f) Codosiga botrytis, (g) Cafeteria roenbergensis, (h) Pleurostomum flabellatum, (i) Rhynchomonas nasuta, (j) Salpingoeca marina, (k) Pendulomonas adriperis, (l) Neobodo saliens, (m) unidentified protist, (n) Neobodo designis, (o) Monosiga brevicollis, (p) Halocafeteria seosinensis, (q) Cantina marsupialis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994590/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Figs 2k</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BFDB2A6DFF9A0337865AE0D0FA5B4BF9" box="[1400,1432,657,683]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[132,167,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[136,1474,223,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[136,1474,223,1633]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (a) Ancyromonas sigmoides, (b) Caecitellus parvulus, (c) Cafeteria roenbergensis, (d) Cantina marsupialis, (e) Chelonemonas sp., (f) Codosiga botrytis, (g) Carpediemonas membranifera, (h) Neobodo curvifilus, (i) Neobodo designis, (j) Neobodo saliens, (k) unidentified protist, (l)-(m) Pleurostomum flabellatum, (n) Rhyncomonas nasuta, (o) Monosiga brevicollis, (p) Salpingoeca marina, (q) Pendulomonas adriperis, (r) Halocafeteria seosinensis. All micrographs are DIC images. Scale bar in (k) represents for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994592/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">3q</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="275F36E8FF9A0337806DE0FDFB024DB3" blockId="9.[809,1456,700,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
Cells are 49 μm long, ovoid or droplet-shaped, somewhat flexible and not flattened. The cells have two flagella similar in length that emerge subapically. The non-acronematic flagella are slightly longer than the cell. The anterior flagellum projects in front of the body and beats with an asymmetric pattern, and the posterior flagellum trails behind the cell and might be held in a curve or obliquely. Sometimes, the posterior flagellum beats stiffly and rapidly in non-swimming cells. The cells usually swim by slow rotating movements and do not wag. The cells may attach to the substrate by the tip of the trailing flagellum. In attached cells, the cells may wag or tremble rapidly. Description based on observations of 16 cells. Occurance: May to October at
<collectingRegion id="E524F80AFF9A0337800BE6E5FC904DEC" box="[809,851,1188,1214]" country="Japan" name="Aichi" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Acı</collectingRegion>
Lake, temperature 123.5 °C, salinity 2467.5 psu, dissolved oxygen
<quantity id="E0189B0DFF9A033780DFE687FB634DB3" box="[1021,1184,1222,1249]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.475" metricValueMax="13.2" metricValueMin="3.75" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" unit="mg" value="8.475" valueMax="13.2" valueMin="3.75">3.7513.2 mg</quantity>
/L.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FFA6563FF9A0337806DE6A8FB3F4EC8" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="275F36E8FF9A0337806DE6A8FB3F4EC8" blockId="9.[809,1456,700,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A0337806DE6A8FC094C51" bold="true" box="[847,970,1257,1283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Remarks:</emphasis>
Our observations are consistent with the original description of
<bibRefCitation id="43714B19FF9A0337871CE74CFB204C74" author="Tong S. M." box="[1086,1251,1292,1319]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="71 - 131" refId="ref12227" refString="Tong S. M. (1997 c) Heterotrophic flagellates and other protists in Southampton Water, including the description of three new species. Ophelia 47: 71 - 131." type="journal article" year="1997">Tong (1997c)</bibRefCitation>
. The genus
<taxonomicName id="E0E04D6BFF9A0337865AE74CFC694C1B" authorityName="Tong" authorityYear="1997" family="Placidiaceae" genus="Pendulomonas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Bigyra" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A0337865AE74CFC694C1B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Pendulomonas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles the genus
<taxonomicName id="E0E04D6BFF9A03378791E76EFAE14C1B" authorityName="T.Fenchel &amp; D.J.Patterson" authorityYear="1988" box="[1203,1314,1327,1353]" family="Cafeteriaceae" genus="Cafeteria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Bigyra" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A03378791E76EFAE14C1B" box="[1203,1314,1327,1353]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Cafeteria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs by the orientation and beating pattern of the flagella. The genus
<taxonomicName id="E0E04D6BFF9A0337809BE734FBA44CDD" authorityName="Tong" authorityYear="1997" box="[953,1127,1397,1423]" family="Placidiaceae" genus="Pendulomonas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Bigyra" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A0337809BE734FBA44CDD" box="[953,1127,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Pendulomonas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resembles the genus
<taxonomicName id="E0E04D6BFF9A0337800BE7D6FC764CE3" box="[809,949,1431,1457]" genus="Phyllomitus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A0337800BE7D6FC764CE3" box="[809,949,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Phyllomitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in general cell shape, but differs by the two flagella of
<taxonomicName id="E0E04D6BFF9A03378090E7FBFBFD4C86" box="[946,1086,1466,1492]" genus="Phyllomitus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A03378090E7FBFBFD4C86" box="[946,1086,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Phyllomitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
insert together to an anterior pocket. Flagella of
<taxonomicName id="E0E04D6BFF9A03378739E79CFB0A4CA5" authorityName="Tong" authorityYear="1997" box="[1051,1225,1501,1527]" family="Placidiaceae" genus="Pendulomonas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Bigyra" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A03378739E79CFB0A4CA5" box="[1051,1225,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Pendulomonas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
emerge separately from a subapical pocket. A morphologically very similar species (
<taxonomicName id="E0E04D6BFF9A03378097E462FBAB4F6F" box="[949,1128,1571,1597]" family="Placidiaceae" genus="Wobblia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Bigyra" rank="species" species="lunata">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A03378097E462FBAB4F6F" box="[949,1128,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Wobblia lunata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="43714B19FF9A0337861EE462FC5E4F32" author="Moriya M. &amp; Nakayama T. &amp; Inouye I." pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="41 - 55" refId="ref10580" refString="Moriya M., Nakayama T., Inouye I. (2000) Ultrastructure and 18 S rDNA sequence analysis of Wobblia lunata gen. et sp. nov., a new heterotrophic flagellate (Stramenopiles, incertae sedis). Protist. 151: 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2000">Moriya et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, but they didnt compare with
<taxonomicName id="E0E04D6BFF9A03378623E407FC564FD1" authorityName="Tong" authorityYear="1997" family="Placidiaceae" genus="Pendulomonas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Bigyra" rank="species" species="adriperis">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A03378623E407FC564FD1" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Pendulomonas adriperis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
despite of the striking similarities in cell shape and length. Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="E0E04D6BFF9A033787AAE4CAFAFE4FF7" box="[1160,1341,1675,1701]" family="Placidiaceae" genus="Wobblia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Bigyra" rank="species" species="lunata">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A033787AAE4CAFAFE4FF7" box="[1160,1341,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Wobblia lunata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been regarded as the junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="E0E04D6BFF9A0337879DE4EFFCA74FB9" authorityName="Tong" authorityYear="1997" family="Placidiaceae" genus="Pendulomonas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Bigyra" rank="species" species="adriperis">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A0337879DE4EFFCA74FB9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Pendulomonas adriperis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="43714B19FF9A03378056E490FB954FB9" author="Karpov S. A. &amp; Sogin M. L. &amp; Silberman J. D." box="[884,1110,1745,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="34 - 47" refId="ref9843" refString="Karpov S. A., Sogin M. L., Silberman J. D. (2001) Rootlet homology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of bicosoecids based on 18 S rRNA gene sequences. Protistology 2: 34 - 47." type="journal article" year="2001">Karpov et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
, Al-Quassab et al. 2002,
<bibRefCitation id="43714B19FF9A033786A1E493FC644E5C" author="Lee W. J. &amp; Brandt S. M. &amp; Vors N. &amp; Patterson D. J." pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="63 - 98" refId="ref10329" refString="Lee W. J., Brandt S. M., Vors N., Patterson D. J. (2003) Darwin's heterotrophic flagellates. Ophelia 57: 63 - 98." type="journal article" year="2003">Lee et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="43714B19FF9A03378091E4B4FBF64E5D" author="Lee W. J." box="[947,1077,1780,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="75 - 95" refId="ref10171" refString="Lee W. J. (2006 b) Some free-living heterotrophic flagellates from marine sediments of tropical Australia. Ocean Sci. J. 41: 75 - 95." type="journal article" year="2006">Lee 2006b</bibRefCitation>
). This species has been reported from
<collectingCountry id="5FF77678FF9A03378045E556FC154E63" box="[871,982,1815,1841]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5FF77678FF9A033780C2E556FB864E63" box="[992,1093,1815,1841]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">England</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5FF77678FF9A03378772E556FB504E63" box="[1104,1171,1815,1841]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Japan</collectingCountry>
(as
<taxonomicName id="E0E04D6BFF9A033787E0E556FAB74E63" box="[1218,1396,1815,1841]" family="Placidiaceae" genus="Wobblia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Bigyra" rank="species" species="lunata">
<emphasis id="1594EAFAFF9A033787E0E556FAB74E63" box="[1218,1396,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Wobblia lunata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and Black Sea (Kazachya Bay) (
<bibRefCitation id="43714B19FF9A0337875BE57BFAC94E06" author="Tong S. M." box="[1145,1290,1850,1876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="71 - 131" refId="ref12227" refString="Tong S. M. (1997 c) Heterotrophic flagellates and other protists in Southampton Water, including the description of three new species. Ophelia 47: 71 - 131." type="journal article" year="1997">
Tong 1997
<bibRefCitation id="43714B19FF9A033787DFE57BFAC94E06" author="Bernard C. &amp; Simpson A. G. B. &amp; Patterson D. J." box="[1277,1290,1850,1876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="113 - 142" refId="ref8573" refString="Bernard C., Simpson A. G. B., Patterson D. J. (2000) Some free-living flagellates (Protista) from anoxic habitats. Ophelia 52: 113 - 142." type="journal article" year="2000">c</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Lee and Patterson 2000,
<bibRefCitation id="43714B19FF9A033780E0E51DFB5D4E25" author="Moriya M. &amp; Nakayama T. &amp; Inouye I." box="[962,1182,1884,1911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="41 - 55" refId="ref10580" refString="Moriya M., Nakayama T., Inouye I. (2000) Ultrastructure and 18 S rDNA sequence analysis of Wobblia lunata gen. et sp. nov., a new heterotrophic flagellate (Stramenopiles, incertae sedis). Protist. 151: 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2000">Moriya et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="43714B19FF9A0337878AE51DFA694E25" author="Al-Qassab S. &amp; Lee W. J. &amp; Murray S. &amp; Simpson A. G. B. &amp; Patterson D. J." box="[1192,1450,1884,1911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="91 - 144" refId="ref8293" refString="Al-Qassab S., Lee W. J., Murray S., Simpson A. G. B., Patterson D. J. (2002) Flagellates from stromatolites and surrounding sediments in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Acta Protozool. 41: 91 - 144." type="journal article" year="2002">Al-Qassab et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="43714B19FF9A0337800BE5C1FC6A4ECB" author="Lee W. J." box="[809,937,1919,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="75 - 95" refId="ref10171" refString="Lee W. J. (2006 b) Some free-living heterotrophic flagellates from marine sediments of tropical Australia. Ocean Sci. J. 41: 75 - 95." type="journal article" year="2006">Lee 2006b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="43714B19FF9A03378096E5C1FC314EC8" author="Lee W. J." box="[948,1010,1920,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref10297" refString="Lee W. J. (2019) Small free-living heterotrophic flagellates from marine intertidal sediments of the Sydney region, Australia. Acta Protozool. 58: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="43714B19FF9A033780DCE53EFB2C4EC8" author="Prokina K. I. &amp; Mylnikov A. A. &amp; Mylnikov A. P." box="[1022,1263,1919,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="143 - 169" refId="ref11454" refString="Prokina K. I., Mylnikov A. A., Mylnikov A. P. (2017 b) Heterotrophic flagellates and centrohelid heliozoa from littoral and supralit- toral zones of the Black Sea (the Southern part of the Crimea). Protistology 11: 143 - 169." type="journal article" year="2017">Prokina et al. 2017b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>