treatments-xml/data/72/1A/97/721A977AEF01F9303299BC68029BDB34.xml
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<document id="7FE59CDC2341A68490BFDFE9BD86996D" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a850022-3fbc-4643-a17a-8f7bca314619" ModsDocID="20017" checkinTime="1252781348276" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Wilson, E. O." docDate="2003" docId="721A977AEF01F9303299BC68029BDB34" docLanguage="en" docName="20017_p_and_more_group_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press" docSource="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017" docTitle="Pheidole psammophila" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="593" masterDocId="73EDC9C5AB0725CB6B0DF69F187F7798" masterDocTitle="Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." pageNumber="593" updateTime="1701311082057" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3B85077CABCDD2C576F4E08907CC850C">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F9B83F9515B7997E93FD9744507AAE08">Wilson, E. O.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="721A977AEF01F9303299BC68029BDB34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6274326" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119625" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6274326" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:721A977AEF01F9303299BC68029BDB34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/721A977AEF01F9303299BC68029BDB34" lastPageNumber="593" pageNumber="593">
<subSubSection id="F92AA8024E5E18FF7920F03C7ED4150C" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="57A49B2BF954797EFCD5C756470D51FB" pageNumber="593">
<taxonomicName id="045E774CC411CBBCBD992BEFB1855B4F" ID-CoL="4FYJF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33944" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole psammophila Creighton &amp; Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole psammophila Creighton &amp; Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psammophila">Pheidole psammophila</taxonomicName>
Creighton and Gregg
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5B9142F7BE74B5C86D6C61BA56EE416E" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F8218E2E8D6F60211278FAAA3EB13BF6" pageNumber="593">
<taxonomicName id="34B0F2FA246F8CD48563CB9DE7B7240C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33944" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole psammophila Creighton &amp; Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole psammophila Creighton &amp; Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psammophila">Pheidole psammophila</taxonomicName>
Creighton and Gregg 1955: 15.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4D6A2E6CE7C9E93864E4A1EA56B759D0" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DBA2B2FC81288B52579ABAD6930825E8" pageNumber="593">Types Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A428D54DEF00CBD9B52C3DE93AF7E842" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F16AF4589807EDE2EFA33B2B189EA4EA" pageNumber="593">
Etymology Gr
<taxonomicName id="F2553DF86BB2452C5617EE43E046C00C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33944" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole psammophila Creighton &amp; Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole psammophila Creighton &amp; Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psammophila">psammophila</taxonomicName>
, sand-lover, referring to the nest-site preference (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6FEF0DA58AFCC14098F47778144FA16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A40A3CD5A2705A293D35FB97B260FD03" pageNumber="593">
diagnosis A member of the &quot;
<taxonomicName id="F5DE22A1DEADEC6A1AC19BC7A2C20BC7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33617" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole bicarinata Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole bicarinata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicarinata">bicarinata</taxonomicName>
complex&quot; of the larger
<taxonomicName id="2C8FF3F5A3F0B01EE432762CF858A4DD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
group, comprising
<taxonomicName id="B99E55053228C15B2BC3408284D228F9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181968" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole agricola Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole agricola Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agricola">agricola</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="886DE06D9E3BCE2B3B2ACD8F5A0DD6E9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181969" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole aurea Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole aurea Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurea">aurea</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BA81CE73499B0F5403164E842713AD85" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33608" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbata">barbata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="308140BCAEE547C92BF6E137069704D9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33617" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole bicarinata Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole bicarinata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicarinata">bicarinata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="99031355CC7DBBBA21026C4727F7EF63" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33656" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole centeotl Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole centeotl Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centeotl">centeotl</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FE0E542DB638504C2E840A25FBC0B480" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33658" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cerebrosior Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cerebrosior Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerebrosior">cerebrosior</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0A70C1EE16FC44EE0C6D83FECCB9F4F2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33702" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole defecta Santschi" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole defecta Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defecta">defecta</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7FCDF337AB6E37606E249D8BEE714A95" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33762" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole gilvescens Creighton &amp; Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole gilvescens Creighton &amp; Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvescens">gilvescens</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="96750742FEA6634B70A632BFEA4D7432" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33847" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole macclendoni Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole macclendoni Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macclendoni">macclendoni</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="400200E2F1DC4E91FFDD686754235E75" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181974" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole macrops Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole macrops Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">macrops</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="85B12CF3D823532D8C40709D2F509B0C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33856" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole marcidula Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole marcidula Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcidula">marcidula</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7B8B35242F27B7C9A9BDA42C0D5616E5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33915" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole paiute Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole paiute Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paiute">paiute</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8147C0273DE447EE70DBF1CF4EFF2092" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pinealis Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pinealis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinealis">pinealis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C9F6C04922769CD5BB2DE45E31010FD3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:189143" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole vinelandica Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole vinelandica Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vinelandica">vinelandica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6372D16817D487EB93FCC0D18D261F40" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34107" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole xerophila Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole xerophila Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerophila">xerophila</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="368E4751FCA44FE476417D3878FF491A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34109" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole yaqui Creighton &amp; Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole yaqui Creighton &amp; Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaqui">yaqui</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B913CD836409B18730DB91862B11383F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181978" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole yucatana Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole yucatana Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yucatana">yucatana</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4A71B953B973D50B8A0DE34CCF8A9E43" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33944" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole psammophila Creighton &amp; Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole psammophila Creighton &amp; Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psammophila">psammophila</taxonomicName>
is closest to
<taxonomicName id="74476F72407AA929FB3B4D57357F7FA8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33608" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbata">barbata</taxonomicName>
), which complex is characterized by the large to very large, forward-set eyes of both castes; and, in the major, the occipital lobes lacking any sculpturing (except in
<taxonomicName id="87A07DDFF9B954C51DF384277DA54744" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181969" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole aurea Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole aurea Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurea">aurea</taxonomicName>
); the posterior half of the head capsule almost entirely smooth and shiny; and the postpetiolar node seen from above oval, elliptical, or laterally angulate (cornulate in
<taxonomicName id="4FF94B35B5AEB042A333585A3396B1C3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33658" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cerebrosior Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cerebrosior Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerebrosior">cerebrosior</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="D5107C61DE9BF779EDF797F07A94E24A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33944" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole psammophila Creighton &amp; Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole psammophila Creighton &amp; Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psammophila">P. psammophila</taxonomicName>
is distinguished within the complex by the following combination of traits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="647071BBC270254EAA090F7336D3314C" type="description">
<paragraph id="5BC17C8265B5A9F6F8136C0B5C488671" pageNumber="593">Major: hypostoma lacking teeth; humerus in dorsal-oblique view subangulate; petiolar node in side view tapered to a point; small subpostpetiolar process visible in side view; occipital lobes subangulate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6CE5ADBF287D6CD307FDFF70CBFA4EB3" pageNumber="593">Minor: lower surface of head flat and bearing very long hairs curved to form a basket (psammophore). Petiole long and thin and petiolar and postpetiolar nodes very low.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54CA5F89C6544AFD3A85A6BF68D75F8F" pageNumber="593">Measurements (mm) Syntype major: HW 1.60, HL 1.72, SL 0.80, EL 0.30, PW 0.72. Syntype minor: HW 0.54, HL 0.68, SL 0.62, EL 0.24, PW 0.38.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E12D9AE7A3B8368232255354D0D5862" pageNumber="593">color Major: head and mandibles clear reddish yellow, mesosoma and waist medium reddish brown, gaster and appendages light reddish brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="486EB2BF4FA3C1B9032503D148EA52EE" pageNumber="593">Minor: body concolorous medium brown, mandibles a contrasting clear yellow, other appendages light brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EDC8CE85E969B8B2972706D5143AF3F8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3E2E1AD147DF7D4B4FB20A2CDB302D14" pageNumber="593">Range Sandy deserts of southern California, western Arizona, and Sonora, northern Mexico, sea level to 75 m (Creighton and Gregg 1955).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2B7D6BB856CF136B4E3235B80FCF4090" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="5DD9182F4C89DD45BF293A80A8D3D883" pageNumber="593">
Biology All of the nests found by Creighton and reported in Creighton and Gregg (1955), as well as by Stefan Cover (unpublished notes), were in sand, especially sand subject to frequent shifting, an extreme environment avoided even by other desert-dwelling ants. The remarkable psammophore (basket-like enclosure of hairs between the head, used to carry sand or other loose particles) is likely an adaptation to the environment for which the species is specialized. Chaff piles occurred around the nest entrances of some of the nests, an almost certain sign that
<taxonomicName id="49DF380E22F3DE5E6AAB49BF37294203" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33944" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole psammophila Creighton &amp; Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole psammophila Creighton &amp; Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psammophila">psammophila</taxonomicName>
harvests seeds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81A1A472B399032E941636E37AE21D7B" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="79671B893FC9DE6F8215456160AC1529" pageNumber="593">Figure Upper: syntype, major. Lower: syntype, minor. CALIFORNIA: 8 km east of Grey's Well, Imperial Co., 50 m (William S. Creighton). Scale bars = 1 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>