800 lines
86 KiB
XML
800 lines
86 KiB
XML
<document id="CC3C367F25B84054F4E8907B47602022" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.293925" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2d814db2-7388-4590-9367-abc3389321cb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="293925" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460195177616" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jungfer, Karl-Heinz" docDate="2010" docId="6E478797FFACFF91B0B6FE00FA633444" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02407p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2407" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Osteocephalus vilarsi Melin 1941" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="927EFFEFFFA1FF83B021FFE7F8353013" masterDocTitle="The taxonomic status of some spiny-backed treefrogs, genus Osteocephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698236544781" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="52F7EF0E961CBDC6276D3F1E29812E46">The taxonomic status of some spiny-backed treefrogs, genus Osteocephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24ED327E9413F3835272FA9162B40BD2">Jungfer, Karl-Heinz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E99DECDFE0072779ED3502AED4D6F163">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EC139259C0CD043F2AECE5A43D520536">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="6E478797FFACFF91B0B6FE00FA633444" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669088" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119383754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669088" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E478797FFACFF91B0B6FE00FA633444" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E478797FFACFF91B0B6FE00FA633444" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="AEF4650AFFACFF8EB0B6FE00F8DA3234" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E6513681FFACFF8EB0B6FE00FAE13212" blockId="13.[151,724,487,551]" box="[151,724,487,513]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="BD1981EDFFACFF8EB0B6FE00FAE13212" bold="true" box="[151,724,487,513]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB0B6FE00FAE13212" bold="true" box="[151,724,487,513]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB0B6FE00FA733212" ID-CoL="75BMY" authority="Melin, 1941" authorityName="Melin" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,582,487,513]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB0B6FE00F9AC3212" bold="true" box="[151,409,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Osteocephalus vilarsi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB189FE00FA0B3212" author="Melin" box="[424,574,487,513]" pageId="13" pageNumber="48" refString="Melin, D. (1941) Contribution to the knowledge of Amphibia of South America. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets Samhallets Handlingar, Foljd 6, Serie B, 1, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1941">Melin, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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nov. comb.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E6513681FFACFF8EB0B6FDEAF8DA3234" blockId="13.[151,724,487,551]" box="[151,239,525,551]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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(
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<figureCitation id="7ED52A04FFACFF8EB0BEFDEAF8D03234" box="[159,229,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,255,2007,2031]" captionTargetBox="[358,1220,196,1976]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[354,1220,194,1979]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Osteocephalus vilarsi (holotype): a. dorsal, b. ventral, c. lateral view of head. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293932/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AEF4650AFFACFF8EB0B6FDBFFA56350F" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="E6513681FFACFF8EB0B6FDBFFA6A327C" blockId="13.[151,1100,600,751]" box="[151,607,600,623]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB0B6FDBFFA6A327C" ID-CoL="6MM99" authority="Melin, 1941" authorityName="Melin" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,607,600,623]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi" subGenus="Trachycephalus">
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB0B6FDBFF9E3327C" box="[151,470,600,623]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Hyla (Trachycephalus) vilarsi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB1FCFDBFFA6A327C" author="Melin" box="[477,607,600,623]" pageId="13" pageNumber="48" refString="Melin, D. (1941) Contribution to the knowledge of Amphibia of South America. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets Samhallets Handlingar, Foljd 6, Serie B, 1, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1941">Melin, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E6513681FFACFF8EB0B6FD9FFAF032DC" blockId="13.[151,1100,600,751]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB0B6FD9FF9A6329C" ID-CoL="75BMX" box="[151,403,632,655]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB0B6FD9FF9A6329C" box="[151,403,632,655]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Osteocephalus taurinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB18FFD9FFA53329C" author="Bokermann" box="[430,614,632,655]" pageId="13" pageNumber="47" refString="Bokermann, W. C. A. (1966) Lista anotada das localidades tipo de anfibios brasileiros. RUSP, Sao Paulo, 183 pp." type="book" year="1966">Bokermann 1966</bibRefCitation>
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(synonymized
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<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB32AFD9FFB7A329C" ID-CoL="6MM99" box="[779,847,632,655]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB32AFD9FFB7A329C" box="[779,847,632,655]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">vilarsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB3ADFD9FFBD0329C" ID-CoL="75BMX" box="[908,997,632,655]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB3ADFD9FFBD0329C" box="[908,997,632,655]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">taurinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB0B6FD7FF9AA32BC" ID-CoL="6TBN6" box="[151,415,664,687]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leprieurii">
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB0B6FD7FF9AA32BC" box="[151,415,664,687]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Osteocephalus leprieurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB19BFD7FFA8C32BC" author="Cochran" box="[442,697,664,687]" pageId="13" pageNumber="47" refString="Cochran, D. & Goin, C. J. (1970) Frogs of Colombia. United States National Museum Bulletin, 288, 1 - 655." type="journal article" year="1970">Cochran and Goin 1970</bibRefCitation>
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(synonymized
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<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB37CFD7FFB9432BC" ID-CoL="6MM99" box="[861,929,664,687]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB37CFD7FFB9432BC" box="[861,929,664,687]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">vilarsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB3FFFD7FFC7732BC" ID-CoL="6TBN6" box="[990,1090,664,687]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leprieurii">
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB3FFFD7FFC7732BC" box="[990,1090,664,687]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">leprieurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB0B6FD5FF9A632DC" ID-CoL="75BMX" box="[151,403,696,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB0B6FD5FF9A632DC" box="[151,403,696,719]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Osteocephalus taurinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB18FFD5FFAF032DC" author="Trueb" box="[430,709,696,719]" pageId="13" pageNumber="48" refString="Trueb, L. & Duellman, W. E. (1971) A synopsis of Neotropical hylid frogs, genus Osteocephalus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, 1, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1971">Trueb and Duellman 1971</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFACFF8EB0B6FD3FFA1532FC" blockId="13.[151,1100,600,751]" box="[151,544,728,751]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB0B6FD3FF9A632FC" ID-CoL="75BMX" box="[151,403,728,751]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB0B6FD3FF9A632FC" box="[151,403,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Osteocephalus taurinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB18FFD3FFA1532FC" author="Frost" box="[430,544,728,751]" pageId="13" pageNumber="47" refString="Frost, D. R. (2009) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.3 (12 February, 2009). American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Electronic Database accessible at http: // research. amnh. org / herpetology / amphibia /" type="journal article" year="2009">Frost 2009</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E6513681FFACFF8EB0B6FCFAFCBF33E1" blockId="13.[151,1437,797,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB0B6FCFAF91F3325" ID-CoL="6MM99" box="[151,298,797,822]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB0B6FCFAF91F3325" box="[151,298,797,822]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Hyla vilarsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(GNM 488) was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB288FCFAFB793324" author="Melin" box="[681,844,797,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="48" refString="Melin, D. (1941) Contribution to the knowledge of Amphibia of South America. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets Samhallets Handlingar, Foljd 6, Serie B, 1, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1941">Melin (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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from a single female that he had obtained from indigenous people at Taracuá (on modern maps also Taracua or Missão Taraquá; for information on the
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<typeStatus id="39558823FFACFF8EB548FCA5FDA9334F" box="[1385,1436,834,860]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
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locality see
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<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB105FC8FFA2D3391" author="Caldwell" box="[292,536,872,898]" pageId="13" pageNumber="47" refString="Caldwell, J. P., Lima, A. P. & Keller, C. (2002) Redescription of Colostethus marchesianus (Melin, 1941) from its type locality. Copeia, 2002, 157 - 165." type="journal article" year="2002">
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Caldwell
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<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB1B4FC8FF9E43392" box="[405,465,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
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2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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), about
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<quantity id="21169B64FFACFF8EB254FC8FFAF53391" box="[629,704,872,898]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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a.s.l., Rio Uaupés, in the upper Rio Negro drainage of Estado Amazonas,
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<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFACFF8EB107FC6AF94633B4" box="[294,371,909,935]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on
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<date id="92501041FFACFF8EB187FC6AFA7333B4" box="[422,582,909,935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" value="1924-04-07">7 April 1924</date>
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||
. The
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<typeStatus id="39558823FFACFF8EB2A8FC6AFAC733B4" box="[649,754,909,935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is a female of
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||
<quantity id="21169B64FFACFF8EB388FC6AFC2133B4" box="[937,1044,909,935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.22" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="62.2">62.2 mm</quantity>
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snout-to-vent length (SVL) that contains eggs and therefore must be an adult. A striking feature are two distinct, almost parallel longitudinal frontoparietal ridges on the head, a character found in a few species of
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<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB3F7FC3FFCB733E2" ID-CoL="63GQL" box="[982,1154,984,1009]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB3F7FC3FFCB733E2" box="[982,1154,984,1009]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Osteocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFACFF8EB0E5FC1AFA56350F" blockId="13.[151,1437,797,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB0E5FC1AF9813404" author="Bokermann" box="[196,436,1021,1047]" pageId="13" pageNumber="47" refString="Bokermann, W. C. A. (1966) Lista anotada das localidades tipo de anfibios brasileiros. RUSP, Sao Paulo, 183 pp." type="book" year="1966">Bokermann (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed the taxon without explanation as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB44EFC1AF94E342F" ID-CoL="75BMX" authority="Steindachner, 1862" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1862" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB44EFC1AFDA93405" box="[1135,1436,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Osteocephalus taurinus</emphasis>
|
||
Steindachner, 1862
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB1A7FBC5FA87342F" author="Cochran" box="[390,690,1058,1084]" pageId="13" pageNumber="47" refString="Cochran, D. & Goin, C. J. (1970) Frogs of Colombia. United States National Museum Bulletin, 288, 1 - 655." type="journal article" year="1970">Cochran and Goin (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB361FBC5FBBE3428" ID-CoL="6MM99" box="[832,907,1058,1083]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB361FBC5FBBE3428" box="[832,907,1058,1083]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB3E5FBC5FD4C342F" ID-CoL="75BMW" authority="Cope, 1874" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1874" box="[964,1401,1058,1084]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB3E5FBC5FCDD3428" box="[964,1256,1058,1083]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Osteocephalus planiceps</emphasis>
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||
Cope, 1874
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</taxonomicName>
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, to be synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB1BFFBAFFC023471" ID-CoL="6TBN6" authority="Dumeril and Bibron, 1841" authorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[414,1079,1096,1122]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leprieurii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB1BFFBAFFAE53472" box="[414,720,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Osteocephalus leprieurii</emphasis>
|
||
(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB465FBAFFDA93471" author="Trueb" box="[1092,1436,1096,1122]" pageId="13" pageNumber="48" refString="Trueb, L. & Duellman, W. E. (1971) A synopsis of Neotropical hylid frogs, genus Osteocephalus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, 1, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1971">Trueb and Duellman (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB12BFB8AF96F3495" ID-CoL="6MM99" box="[266,346,1133,1158]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB12BFB8AF96F3495" box="[266,346,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB1B9FB8AFA003495" ID-CoL="75BMW" box="[408,565,1133,1158]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB1B9FB8AFA003495" box="[408,565,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFACFF8EB1B9FB8AF9843495" box="[408,433,1133,1158]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. planiceps
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, among others, in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB3D8FB8AFCB33495" ID-CoL="75BMX" box="[1017,1158,1133,1158]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB3D8FB8AFCB33495" box="[1017,1158,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFACFF8EB3D8FB8AFC273495" box="[1017,1042,1133,1158]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. taurinus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a widespread species ranging from the Guyanas and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFACFF8EB2ADFB75FB3F34BF" box="[652,778,1170,1196]" name="Venezuela" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
throughout the Amazon Basin southward to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFACFF8EB51BFB75FDAC34BF" box="[1338,1433,1170,1196]" name="Bolivia" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB0B6FB5FFA1D34C1" author="Duellman" box="[151,552,1208,1234]" pageId="13" pageNumber="47" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Mendelson, J. R. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles from northern Departamento Loreto, Peru: taxonomy and biogeography. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 55, 329 - 376." type="journal article" year="1995">Duellman and Mendelson (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
resurrected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB29FFB5FFB6D34C2" ID-CoL="75BMW" box="[702,856,1208,1233]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB29FFB5FFB6D34C2" box="[702,856,1208,1233]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFACFF8EB29FFB5FFAE234C2" box="[702,727,1208,1233]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. planiceps
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid species. The status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB4C8FB5FFD0334C2" ID-CoL="6MM99" box="[1257,1334,1208,1233]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB4C8FB5FFD0334C2" box="[1257,1334,1208,1233]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not addressed by them. Thus, according to those previous authors, the taxon should either be a synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB55EFB3AF99D350F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB55EFB3AF93D350F" ID-CoL="6TBN6" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leprieurii">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFACFF8EB55EFB3AFDAD34E5" box="[1407,1432,1245,1270]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. leprieurii
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB135FAE4F99D350F" ID-CoL="75BMW" box="[276,424,1283,1308]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFACFF8EB135FAE4F919350F" box="[276,300,1283,1308]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. planiceps
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB1F7FAE4FA6E350F" ID-CoL="75BMX" box="[470,603,1283,1308]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB1F7FAE4FA6E350F" box="[470,603,1283,1308]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFACFF8EB1F7FAE4F9DB350F" box="[470,494,1283,1308]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. taurinus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AEF4650AFFACFF93B0E5FAC0F8D53743" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFACFF8EB0E5FAC0FBD9359F" blockId="13.[151,1437,797,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB0E5FAC0FA083552" bold="true" box="[196,573,1319,1345]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Redescription of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="39558823FFACFF8EB1E9FAC0FA0D3552" box="[456,568,1319,1345]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFACFF8EB264FACFFAD43551" author="Melin" box="[581,737,1320,1346]" pageId="13" pageNumber="48" refString="Melin, D. (1941) Contribution to the knowledge of Amphibia of South America. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets Samhallets Handlingar, Foljd 6, Serie B, 1, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1941">Melin (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the species in some detail. This is expanded here in order to facilitate the comparison between species, for while he mentioned the similarity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB571FAAAFDA93575" box="[1360,1436,1357,1382]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB571FAAAFDA93575" box="[1360,1436,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFACFF8EB0E9FA94F978359F" box="[200,333,1395,1420]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFACFF8EB0E9FA94F978359F" box="[200,333,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFACFF8EB0E9FA94F8D5359F" box="[200,224,1395,1420]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. taurinus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he did not explicitly state the differences between them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFACFF8EB0E5FA7FF9313711" blockId="13.[151,1437,797,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Adult female of
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFACFF8EB1A2FA7FF9DE35A1" box="[387,491,1432,1458]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.22" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="62.2">62.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL. Snout bluntly rounded in dorsal and lateral view. Head slightly longer than wide. Lateral edges of frontoparietals raised, forming two almost parallel ridges. Canthus rostralis very distinct, almost straight (very slightly curved inwardly). Loreal region deeply concave. Nostrils elevated, opening laterally. Dentigerous processes of vomers in contact with each other, bearing 11 teeth on the left and 15 on the right, angular, in between choanae, their anterior edges at about midlevel of the choanae, their posterior edges reaching slightly beyond the posterior edges of the choanae. The latter are large, oblique and bean-shaped though somewhat angular. Tongue elliptical, about 1.4 times longer than wide. Supratympanic fold from the anterior edge of the tympanum sloping towards the upper edge of the arm insertion in an almost straight line. Tympanum large, conspicuous, elliptical, slightly wider than high and about 77 % of the eye diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFACFF8EB0E5F8EAFD7637AF" blockId="13.[151,1437,797,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Skin on dorsum smooth with a few scattered, small, flat tubercles (under magnification) in the posterior half of the back. Dorsal surfaces of head rugose. Loreal region granulate. Skin loose or missing (removed) above the sphenethmoid and on the right nostril. Skin of body smooth laterally and on lateral and dorsal surfaces of the extremities. Ventrally smooth in thoracic area and on chin, granulate on belly and posterior two thirds of the thighs. Axillary membrane absent. Cloacal opening at about three fourths of thigh height.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B2916609FFAFFF8DB0B6F830FCD037FC" box="[151,1253,2007,2031]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293932/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[358,1220,196,1976]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFAFFF8DB0B6F830FCD037FC" blockId="14.[151,1253,2007,2031]" box="[151,1253,2007,2031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFAFFF8DB0B6F830F92C37FC" bold="true" box="[151,281,2007,2031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFAFFF8DB101F83FFA3237FC" box="[288,519,2008,2031]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFAFFF8DB101F83FFA3237FC" box="[288,519,2008,2031]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="42">Osteocephalus vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype): a. dorsal, b. ventral, c. lateral view of head. Not to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="B2916609FFAEFF8CB0B6F875FBE937E3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293933/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[451,1128,194,1905]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFAEFF8CB0B6F875FBE937E3" blockId="15.[151,1436,1938,2032]" pageId="15" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFAEFF8CB0B6F875F92E37B9" bold="true" box="[151,283,1938,1962]" pageId="15" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Hand and foot of a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFAEFF8CB1DAF875FACE37BA" box="[507,763,1938,1961]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFAEFF8CB1DAF875FACE37BA" box="[507,763,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="43">Osteocephalus cabrerai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female holotype), b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFAEFF8CB3CDF875FC5337BA" box="[1004,1126,1938,1961]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFAEFF8CB3CDF875FC5337BA" box="[1004,1126,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="43">O. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SMNS 13713, female from Jatun Sacha, Napo, Ecuador), c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFAEFF8CB1D2F852FA6437DF" box="[499,593,1973,1996]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFAEFF8CB1D2F852FA6437DF" box="[499,593,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="43">O. festae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female holotype). Some fingers and toes are spread with needles (not entirely shown), that may cover parts of the discs or intercalary tubercles. Not to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB1FF93B0E5FF7FF9BC3187" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
The finger and toe discs are desiccated. Melin described them as being scarcely half the size of the tympanum and slightly oblong, but it is not clear whether they were in a better state then. The disc of Finger III is 52 % of the tympanum width. The thumb bears a large elliptical thenar tubercle and there is a prominent supernumerary tubercle proximal to the proximal subarticular tubercle. A few low tubercles are present on the outer edge of the fourth finger. The distal subarticular tubercle on Finger IV is barely bifid, the others are simple. The relative length of the adpressed fingers is I <II <IV <III. The webbing formula is I basal
|
||
<date id="92501041FFB1FF93B56CFEB5F8933187" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">II 2 — 3</date>
|
||
+
|
||
<date id="92501041FFB1FF93B097FE9DF8DC3187" box="[182,233,378,404]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">III 2</date>
|
||
¾ — 2 ¾ IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB1FF93B0E5FE47FC2C323E" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
On the foot there is a large elliptical inner metatarsal tubercle and a small rounded median plantar tubercle. The subarticular tubercles are single and conical. The proximal segments of Toes III-V bear numerous supernumerary tubercles. The relative length of the adpressed toes is I <II <III = V <IV. The webbing formula is
|
||
<date id="92501041FFB1FF93B1A3FDF4F994323E" box="[386,417,531,557]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">I 1</date>
|
||
¼ — 2 ¼
|
||
<date id="92501041FFB1FF93B23FFDF4FA7D323E" box="[542,584,531,557]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">II 1</date>
|
||
+ — 2 2/3
|
||
<date id="92501041FFB1FF93B293FDF4FAD0323E" box="[690,741,531,557]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">III 1</date>
|
||
+ — 2 ¾
|
||
<date id="92501041FFB1FF93B36FFDF4FBB7323E" box="[846,898,531,557]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">IV 2</date>
|
||
¾ — 1 ¼ V.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB1FF93B0E5FDDCFA393268" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="39558823FFB1FF93B1E1FDDCFA123246" box="[448,551,571,597]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in mm): SVL 62.2; HL 20.1; HW 19.6; TL 34.5; FL 42.0; ED 6.2; TD 4.8; FD 2.3; EN 6.2; IN 4.6; TE 2.5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB1FF93B0E5FD61F9E33406" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Coloration of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="39558823FFB1FF93B1B0FD61F9C932B3" box="[401,508,646,672]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: Dorsum uniform tan. Broad dark tan bars on the limbs, two on lower arms, one on hands, two on thighs, one across the knee, two on the tibia, two on the tarsus. A dark tan horizontal supracloacal stripe. A few indistinct dark tan spots laterally. A thin white supralabial line from the posterior edge of the tympanum around the snout, greatly expanded as a subocular spot from anterior edge of eye to midlevel of tympanum on the left, from posterior third of eye level almost to posterior edge of tympanum (reaching eye on lower eyelid) on the right. Throat creamy yellowish with some small tan mental spots. Lower jaw bordered by a thin tan sublabial line. Belly creamy yellowish. A few small tan spots bordering the chest posterior to the clavicles. Arms and legs ventrally light brownish white. Posterior surfaces of thighs uniform tan. Iris color not clearly visible (there are a few black spots on grey ground, straight radiating lines are not visible). The bones, which have been in preservative for 85 years, are white, but may have been green as in many other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B102FC1CF9FA3407" box="[291,463,1019,1044]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B102FC1CF9FA3407" box="[291,463,1019,1044]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Osteocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB1FF93B0E5FBC7FD063496" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B0E5FBC7F9413429" bold="true" box="[196,372,1056,1082]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Comparisons:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B15AFBC6FAA93429" box="[379,668,1057,1082]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leprieurii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B15AFBC6FAA93429" box="[379,668,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Osteocephalus leprieurii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a medium-sized species with spiny-backed males up to
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB1FF93B568FBC6FDA93428" box="[1353,1436,1057,1083]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
and females with smooth dorsa reaching
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB1FF93B2ADFBA1FAD43473" box="[652,737,1094,1120]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB1FF93B2D3FBA1FC173473" author="Lescure" box="[754,1058,1094,1120]" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" refString="Lescure, J. & Marty, C. (2000) Atlas des Amphibiens de Guyane. Publications Scientifiques du M. N. H. N. Paris, 388 pp." type="book" year="2000">Lescure and Marty 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB1FF93B40EFBA1FDA53473" author="Kok" box="[1071,1424,1094,1120]" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" refString="Kok, P. J. R. & Kalamandeen, M. (2008) Introduction to the taxonomy of the amphibians of Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. ABC Taxa, 5: 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="2008">Kok and Kalamandeen 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B0CFFB8CF90C3497" box="[238,313,1131,1156]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B0CFFB8CF90C3497" box="[238,313,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there are no frontoparietal ridges on the head of this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB1FF93B433FB8CFD123496" author="Jungfer" box="[1042,1319,1131,1157]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" refString="Jungfer, K. - H. & Hodl, W. (2002) A new species of Osteocephalus from Ecuador and a redescription of O. leprieurii (Dumeril & Bibron, 1841) (Anura: Hylidae). Amphibia-Reptilia, 23, 21 - 46." type="journal article" year="2002">Jungfer and Hödl 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB1FF93B0E5FB76FBFA35A3" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B0E5FB76F9EC34B9" box="[196,473,1169,1194]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B0E5FB76F9EC34B9" box="[196,473,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Osteocephalus taurinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a large species of the genus with distinct frontoparietal ridges.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB1FF93B4F1FB76FD5E34B8" author="Melin" box="[1232,1387,1169,1195]" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" refString="Melin, D. (1941) Contribution to the knowledge of Amphibia of South America. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets Samhallets Handlingar, Foljd 6, Serie B, 1, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1941">Melin (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had obtained “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B12EFB51F99034DC" box="[271,421,1206,1231]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurina">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B12EFB51F99034DC" box="[271,421,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Hyla taurina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“ at Taracuá and at the Rio Uaupés, north of Rio Japú (about
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB1FF93B44AFB51FC8134C3" box="[1131,1204,1206,1232]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
|
||
WNW of Taracuá). His female specimens were
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB1FF93B1FEFB3CFA6B34E6" box="[479,606,1243,1269]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="90.0" valueMax="98.0" valueMin="82.0">82–98 mm</quantity>
|
||
in SVL. I have not seen them, but from his description there can be no doubt they are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B16CFAE6F9E23509" box="[333,471,1281,1306]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B16CFAE6F9E23509" box="[333,471,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B16CFAE6F9533509" box="[333,358,1281,1306]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. taurinus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No other similar frog is known from there. The largest preserved female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B55EFAE6F8CC352C" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B55EFAE6F8CC352C" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B55EFAE6FDAD3509" box="[1407,1432,1281,1306]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. taurinus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
I have seen is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="39558823FFB1FF93B1F7FAC1FA753553" box="[470,576,1318,1344]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, NMW 16492, with
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB1FF93B314FAC1FB983553" box="[821,941,1318,1344]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.039" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="103.9">103.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, from Barra do Rio Negro, Manaus,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B0B6FAACF8D63576" box="[151,227,1355,1381]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. I have measured a live female of
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB1FF93B25FFAACFAD43576" box="[638,737,1355,1381]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="105.0">105 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL at Reserva Adolpho Ducke,
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB1FF93B45AFAACFCF23576" box="[1147,1223,1355,1381]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
north of Manaus. Thus, the sympatric females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B22CFA96FAA63599" box="[525,659,1393,1418]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B22CFA96FAA63599" box="[525,659,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B22CFA96FA103599" box="[525,549,1393,1418]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. taurinus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are 30–58 % larger than the adult female
|
||
<typeStatus id="39558823FFB1FF93B4A6FA96FCDB3598" box="[1159,1262,1393,1419]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B536FA96FD573599" box="[1303,1378,1393,1418]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B536FA96FD573599" box="[1303,1378,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B0FBFA71F95535BC" box="[218,352,1430,1455]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B0FBFA71F95535BC" box="[218,352,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B0FBFA71F8C735BC" box="[218,242,1430,1455]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. taurinus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Rio Negro watershed are up to 69 % larger.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB1FF93B0E5FA5CF8D53743" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Apart from the considerably larger size,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B287FA5CFB1835C7" box="[678,813,1467,1492]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B287FA5CFB1835C7" box="[678,813,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B287FA5CFA8A35C7" box="[678,703,1467,1492]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. taurinus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B3EDFA5CFC2235C7" box="[972,1047,1467,1492]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B3EDFA5CFC2235C7" box="[972,1047,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following characters: The canthus rostralis is more or less straight, distinct and rounded rather than angular, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B529FA06FD6E35E9" box="[1288,1371,1505,1530]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B529FA06FD6E35E9" box="[1288,1371,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The supratympanic fold begins anterior to the tympanum at about 2/3 height of it and curves around the tympanum down towards the arm. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B1E9F9CCFA263657" box="[456,531,1579,1604]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B1E9F9CCFA263657" box="[456,531,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it begins at the upper level of the tympanum and continues as a fairly straight sloping fold towards the arm insertion. The back of females is uniformly slightly granulate (smooth anteriorly, a few small granules posteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B260F991FAB8369C" box="[577,653,1654,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B260F991FAB8369C" box="[577,653,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The distal subarticular tubercle on Finger IV is distinctly bifid. Although there is some variation in the extent of webbing throughout the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B47AF97CFCEA36A7" box="[1115,1247,1691,1716]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B47AF97CFCEA36A7" box="[1115,1247,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B47AF97CFC4636A7" box="[1115,1139,1691,1716]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. taurinus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is always more webbing, especially on the outer edge of Finger II and on the inner side of Toe II and both sides of Toe IV. For example, female ZFMK 55900 (
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB1FF93B24CF901FAED3713" box="[621,728,1766,1792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="77.5">77.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL) from Manaus,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B3F5F901FC2A3713" box="[980,1055,1766,1792]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has a hand formula of I basal
|
||
<date id="92501041FFB1FF93B5A9F901F893373B" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">II 1</date>
|
||
½ — 3–
|
||
<date id="92501041FFB1FF93B12AF8E9F90B373B" box="[267,318,1806,1832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">III 2</date>
|
||
2/3 — 2 ½ IV and a foot formula of
|
||
<date id="92501041FFB1FF93B2FEF8E9FB97373B" box="[735,930,1806,1832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">I 1 — 2 II 1 — 2</date>
|
||
+
|
||
<date id="92501041FFB1FF93B390F8E9FC2B373B" box="[945,1054,1806,1832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">III 1 — 2</date>
|
||
1/3
|
||
<date id="92501041FFB1FF93B465F8E9FC4C373B" box="[1092,1145,1806,1832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">IV 2</date>
|
||
1/3 —
|
||
<date id="92501041FFB1FF93B4E2F8E9FCC7373B" box="[1219,1266,1806,1832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">1 V.</date>
|
||
The bones are green.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AEF4650AFFB1FF92B0E5F8BBFB09312C" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB1FF92B0E5F8BBF96130C4" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,2022]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1435,152,215]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB1FF93B0E5F8BBF9DD3766" ID-CoL="75BMW" box="[196,488,1884,1909]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B0E5F8BBF9DD3766" box="[196,488,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Osteocephalus planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the western Amazon Basin in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B422F8BBFC4F3765" box="[1027,1146,1884,1910]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B4A4F8BBFC8E3765" box="[1157,1211,1884,1910]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B4D5F8BBFD633765" box="[1268,1366,1884,1910]" name="Ecuador" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and a locality south of the Amazon in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B22CF866FA623788" box="[525,599,1921,1947]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB1FF93B28AF866FB313788" box="[683,772,1921,1947]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="44" unit="km" value="300.0">300 km</quantity>
|
||
WSW Manaus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB1FF93B3E4F866FD0D3788" author="Duellman" box="[965,1336,1921,1947]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Mendelson, J. R. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles from northern Departamento Loreto, Peru: taxonomy and biogeography. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 55, 329 - 376." type="journal article" year="1995">Duellman and Mendelson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB1FF93B565F866F92E37D3" author="Jungfer" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" refString="Jungfer, K. - H., Ron, S., Seipp, R. & Almendariz, A. (2000) Two new species of hylid frogs, genus Osteocephalus, from Amazonian Ecuador. Amphibia-Reptilia, 21, 327 - 340." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Jungfer
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB1FF93B0B6F840F8E137D3" box="[151,212,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Lehr 2001,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB1FF93B195F841FA7337D3" author="Lynch" box="[436,582,1958,1984]" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" refString="Lynch, J. D. (2008) Osteocephalus planiceps Cope (Amphibia: Hylidae): Its distribution in Colombia and significance. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 32, 87 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008">Lynch 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, unpublished data). Its northernmost locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB1FF93B4ABF841FD3537D3" box="[1162,1280,1958,1984]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="44">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is in the Río Guaviare drainage, other northern localities are in the Río Caquetá drainage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB1FF93B401F82BFC8637F5" author="Lynch" box="[1056,1203,1996,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" refString="Lynch, J. D. (2008) Osteocephalus planiceps Cope (Amphibia: Hylidae): Its distribution in Colombia and significance. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 32, 87 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008">Lynch 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A single Brazilian locality is from the lower Rio Negro (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB0FF92B277FF7FFBD630A1" author="Gordo" box="[598,995,152,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="47" refString="Gordo, M. & Neckel-Oliveira, S. (2004) Osteocephalus planiceps. Herpetological Review, 35, 79." type="journal article" year="2004">Gordo and Neckel-Oliveira 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). No other records exist from the Rio Negro drainage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B2916609FFB0FF92B0B6FEE0FDA9310C" ID-Table-UUID="B2916609FFB0FF92B0B6FEE0FDA9310C" box="[151,1436,263,287]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B2916609FFB0FF92B0B6FEE0FDA9310C" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[151,1476,386,1519]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB0FF92B0B6FEE0FDA9310C" blockId="17.[151,1436,263,367]" box="[151,1436,263,287]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B0B6FEE0F938310C" bold="true" box="[151,269,263,287]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Some distinguishing characters among frogs of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B36FFEEFFBFE310C" ID-CoL="6TBMM" box="[846,971,264,287]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B36FFEEFFBFE310C" box="[846,971,264,287]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex in northwestern (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B4D4FEEFFD46310C" ID-CoL="6TBMM" box="[1269,1395,264,287]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B4D4FEEFFD46310C" box="[1269,1395,264,287]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, O.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB0FF92B0B6FECFFB09312C" blockId="17.[151,1436,263,367]" box="[151,828,296,319]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B0B6FECFF8C7312C" ID-CoL="75BMM" box="[151,242,296,319]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B0B6FECFF8C7312C" box="[151,242,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">cabrerai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B0DEFECFF968312C" ID-CoL="6TBN3" box="[255,349,296,319]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B0DEFECFF968312C" box="[255,349,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B0DEFECFF920312C" box="[255,277,296,319]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. festae
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and eastern (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B1D4FECFFA82312C" ID-CoL="6TBN5" box="[501,695,296,319]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inframaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B1D4FECFFA82312C" box="[501,695,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B1D4FECFFA3E312C" box="[501,523,296,319]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. inframaculatus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) Amazonia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AEF4650AFFB0FF91B159FEBDF982341F" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB0FF92B159FEBDFA72374E" blockId="17.[151,1436,263,367]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,1589,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B159FEBDFD59317C" box="[376,1388,346,367]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B159FEBDF9D0317C" box="[376,485,346,367]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B159FEBDF9B9317C" box="[376,396,346,367]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. buckleyi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B2AEFEBDFAC8317C" box="[655,765,346,367]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B2AEFEBDFA96317C" box="[655,675,346,367]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. cabrerai
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B387FEBDFBC9317C" box="[934,1020,346,367]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B387FEBDFB8F317C" box="[934,954,346,367]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. festae
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B49CFEBDFD59317C" authority="Eleven" authorityName="Eleven" box="[1213,1388,346,367]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inframaculatus">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B49CFEBDFCE4317C" box="[1213,1233,346,367]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. inframaculatus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Eleven adult females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B1C5F9D2FA4D365D" box="[484,632,1589,1614]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B1C5F9D2FA4D365D" box="[484,632,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B1C5F9D2F9C9365D" box="[484,508,1589,1614]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. planiceps
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B2E3F9D2FB11365C" box="[706,804,1589,1615]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B37FF9D2FBA1365C" box="[862,916,1589,1615]" name="Peru" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
are 67.0 – 88.2 (x = 74.7) mm in SVL. The species shares many characters with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B275F9BCFA943667" box="[596,673,1627,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B275F9BCFA943667" box="[596,673,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially the frontoparietal ridges, a straight, very prominent canthus rostralis, a more or less straight supratympanic fold, a large white subocular spot and white supralabial line, a dark tan sublabial line on the lower jaw, a few tan spots laterally and bold tan bars on the limbs, and a barely bifid distal subarticular tubercle on Finger IV. The webbing is very similar. That of the hand of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B0DAF917F97D371A" box="[251,328,1776,1801]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B0DAF917F97D371A" box="[251,328,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is almost within the range of that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B32CF917FB90371A" box="[781,933,1776,1801]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B32CF917FB90371A" box="[781,933,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B32CF917FB13371A" box="[781,806,1776,1801]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. planiceps
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has slightly more webbing on the outer edge of Finger II (1 3/4 – 2–). On the foot
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B2E8F8FFFB553722" box="[713,864,1816,1841]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B2E8F8FFFB553722" box="[713,864,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B2E8F8FFFAD73722" box="[713,738,1816,1841]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. planiceps
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has slightly more webbing on the inner edge of Toe II (2 – 2+) and on Toe V (1 – 1+).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB0FF92B0BEFE65FD7735A7" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<table id="94EEC421FFB0007CB0B6FE65FDF135FC" box="[151,1476,386,1519]" gridcols="5" gridrows="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<tr id="58DE34C3FFB0007CB0B6FE65FDF131C1" box="[151,1476,386,466]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB0B6FE65F95131C1" box="[151,356,386,466]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">maximum SVL females males</th>
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB159FE65FA4E31C1" box="[376,635,386,466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">54.1 mm 46.7 mm</th>
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB2AEFE65FBA431C1" box="[655,913,386,466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">71.4 mm 54.8 mm</th>
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB387FE65FC9C31C1" box="[934,1193,386,466]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">78.9 mm 48.1 mm</th>
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB49CFE65FDF131C1" box="[1213,1476,386,466]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">41.9 mm (?)?</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="58DE34C3FFB0007CB0B6FE02FDF13204" box="[151,1476,485,535]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB0B6FE02F9513204" box="[151,356,485,535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">row of tubercles on lower jaw</th>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB159FE02FA4E3204" box="[376,635,485,535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB2AEFE02FBA43204" box="[655,913,485,535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">present</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB387FE02FC9C3204" box="[934,1193,485,535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB49CFE02FDF13204" box="[1213,1476,485,535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">absent</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="58DE34C3FFB0007CB0B6FDCDFDF13269" box="[151,1476,554,634]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB0B6FDCDF9513269" box="[151,356,554,634]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">outer edge of Finger IV</th>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB159FDCDFA4E3269" box="[376,635,554,634]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">smooth, tuberculate, a smooth fringe, or a tuberculate fringe</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB2AEFDCDFBA43269" box="[655,913,554,634]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">an irregular deep fringe</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB387FDCDFC9C3269" box="[934,1193,554,634]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">a row of low tubercles</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB49CFDCDFDF13269" box="[1213,1476,554,634]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">proximal half tuberculate, distal half smooth</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="58DE34C3FFB0007CB0B6FD6AFDF13304" box="[151,1476,653,791]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB0B6FD6AF9513304" box="[151,356,653,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">webbing on inner side of Finger III</th>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB159FD6AFA4E3304" box="[376,635,653,791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">to penultimate subarticular tubercle or less than half way between penultimate and ultimate subarticular tubercle</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB2AEFD6AFBA43304" box="[655,913,653,791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">to proximal part of ultimate subarticular tubercle, continued as fringe to finger disc</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB387FD6AFC9C3304" box="[934,1193,653,791]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">to distal end of penultimate subarticular tubercle or beyond, almost reaching the ultimate subarticular tubercle</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB49CFD6AFDF13304" box="[1213,1476,653,791]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">to half way between penultimate and ultimate subarticular tubercle</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="58DE34C3FFB0007CB0B6FCCDFDF13369" box="[151,1476,810,890]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB0B6FCCDF9513369" box="[151,356,810,890]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">snout length (EN/ HL)</th>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB159FCCDFA4E3369" box="[376,635,810,890]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
short (females 0.29–0.31;
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B24EFCCDFA4E332C" box="[623,635,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4; males 0.23–0.28;
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B26EFCAFFA6E334E" box="[591,603,840,861]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB2AEFCCDFBA43369" box="[655,913,810,890]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
short (females 0.30;
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B375FCCDFB55332C" box="[852,864,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2; males 0.27–0.31;
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B31BFCAFFB73334E" box="[826,838,840,861]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB387FCCDFC9C3369" box="[934,1193,810,890]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
short (females 0.30–0.31;
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B4BCFCCDFC9C332C" box="[1181,1193,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3; males 0.30;
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B466FCAFFC66334E" box="[1095,1107,840,861]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB49CFCCDFDF13369" box="[1213,1476,810,890]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">medium-sized (female 0.33)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="58DE34C3FFB0007CB0B6FC6AFDF133E9" box="[151,1476,909,1018]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB0B6FC6AF95133E9" box="[151,356,909,1018]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">tympanum size</th>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB159FC6AFA4E33E9" box="[376,635,909,1018]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
large (TD/HL in females 0.20–0.23;
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B1C5FC4DF9C533AC" box="[484,496,938,959]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4); in males 0.23–0.26;
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B1C5FC2FF9C533CE" box="[484,496,968,989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB2AEFC6AFBA433E9" box="[655,913,909,1018]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
large (TD/HL in females 0.20–0.22;
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B2DDFC4DFB3D33AC" box="[764,776,938,959]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3; in males 0.23–0.26;
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B2DDFC2FFB3D33CE" box="[764,776,968,989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB387FC6AFC9C33E9" box="[934,1193,909,1018]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
medium-sized (females) to large (males) (TD/HL in females 0.16–0.19;
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B445FC2FFC4533CE" box="[1124,1136,968,989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3; in males 0.23–0.25;
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B448FC02FC4033E9" box="[1129,1141,997,1018]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB49CFC6AFDF133E9" box="[1213,1476,909,1018]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">large (TD/HL in female 0.26)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="58DE34C3FFB0007CB0B6FBEAFDF134A7" box="[151,1476,1037,1204]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB0B6FBEAF95134A7" box="[151,356,1037,1204]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">supratympanic fold</th>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB159FBEAFA4E34A7" box="[376,635,1037,1204]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">tuberculate; from midlevel of eye to 2 h, sloping towards flanks or arm insertion up to lower tympanum level or almost so</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB2AEFBEAFBA434A7" box="[655,913,1037,1204]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">tuberculate; curving from midlevel of eye to midlevel of tympanum posteriorly, sloping towards arm insertion up to lower tympanum level</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB387FBEAFC9C34A7" box="[934,1193,1037,1204]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">smooth; from midlevel of eye to 2 h, sloping towards flanks almost to lower tympanum level</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB49CFBEAFDF134A7" box="[1213,1476,1037,1204]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">tuberculate; from midlevel of eye to 2 h, sloping towards flanks for about half of tympanum diameter</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="58DE34C3FFB0007CB0B6FB20FDF1357C" box="[151,1476,1223,1391]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB0B6FB20F951357C" box="[151,356,1223,1391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">dorsal tubercles with keratinized tips in breeding males (with well developed nuptial excrescences)</th>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB159FB20FA4E357C" box="[376,635,1223,1391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">present</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB2AEFB20FBA4357C" box="[655,913,1223,1391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB387FB20FC9C357C" box="[934,1193,1223,1391]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB49CFB20FDF1357C" box="[1213,1476,1223,1391]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="58DE34C3FFB0007CB0B6FA65FDF135FC" box="[151,1476,1410,1519]" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB0B6FA65F95135FC" box="[151,356,1410,1519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">color of posterior surfaces of thighs (in preservative)</th>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB159FA65FA4E35FC" box="[376,635,1410,1519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">tan with or without dark brown and/or light marbling or irregular crossbars</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB2AEFA65FBA435FC" box="[655,913,1410,1519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">light tan with dark tan spots or irregular tan markings</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB387FA65FC9C35FC" box="[934,1193,1410,1519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">uniform brown</td>
|
||
<td id="1B0F5DBFFFB0007CB49CFA65FDF135FC" box="[1213,1476,1410,1519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">tan with light short vermiculation</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB0FF91B0E5F88EF97930C4" blockId="17.[151,1437,1589,2035]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,152,1111]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Both species can be distinguished by a few characters: The dorsum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B43BF88EFC873791" box="[1050,1202,1897,1922]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B43BF88EFC873791" box="[1050,1202,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B43BF88EFC063791" box="[1050,1075,1897,1922]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. planiceps
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females is smooth. Tubercles are lacking on the posterior two thirds of the back. The discs on the fingers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B4F4F869FD5A37B4" box="[1237,1391,1934,1959]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B4F4F869FD5A37B4" box="[1237,1391,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B4F4F869FCDB37B4" box="[1237,1262,1934,1959]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. planiceps
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are round and large. Their diameter is about 80 % of the tympanum width. Even though the discs of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="39558823FFB0FF92B517F854FDA937DE" box="[1334,1436,1971,1997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B09AF83EF93B37E1" box="[187,270,2009,2034]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B09AF83EF93B37E1" box="[187,270,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are somewhat desiccated, they seem to have been smaller than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB0FF92B499F83EFD6F37E1" box="[1208,1370,2009,2034]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB0FF92B499F83EFD6F37E1" box="[1208,1370,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB0FF92B499F83EFCE737E1" box="[1208,1234,2009,2034]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. planiceps
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The tibiofibular bones are green. They are white in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B29CFF7FFB3D30A2" box="[701,776,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B29CFF7FFB3D30A2" box="[701,776,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they might just be discolored after such a long time in preservative.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB3FF91B0E5FF05FD4A31A4" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1111]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Six other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B19CFF05FA5A30E8" box="[445,623,226,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B19CFF05FA5A30E8" box="[445,623,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Osteocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from north of the Amazon in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB3FF91B44BFF05FC8130EF" box="[1130,1204,226,252]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and on the Guaina Shield.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B0D5FEEFFA163132" box="[244,547,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oophagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B0D5FEEFFA163132" box="[244,547,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Osteocephalus oophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two cranial ridges that are not visible superficially, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B531FEEFFD683132" box="[1296,1373,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B531FEEFFD683132" box="[1296,1373,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The largest known female is
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB3FF91B1EBFECAFA0D3154" box="[458,568,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.56" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="55.6">55.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in SVL and thus considerably smaller (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB3FF91B40AFECAFDBA3154" author="Jungfer" box="[1067,1423,301,327]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" refString="Jungfer, K. - H. & Schiesari, L. C. (1995) Description of a central Amazonian and Guianan tree frog, genus Osteocephalus (Anura, Hylidae), with oophagous tadpoles. Alytes, 13, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1995">Jungfer and Schiesari, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B0B6FEB5F9E63178" box="[151,467,338,364]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B0B6FEB5F9763178" box="[151,323,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Osteocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B150FEB5F9E63178" box="[369,467,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B22CFEB5FA893178" box="[525,700,338,364]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B22CFEB5FA1C3178" box="[525,553,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB3FF91B22CFEB5FA103178" box="[525,549,338,363]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B279FEB5FA893178" box="[600,700,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">cabrerai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both have rows of tubercles on the tarsus and areolate skin on the flanks. Both characters are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B255FE9FFA8A3182" box="[628,703,376,401]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B255FE9FFA8A3182" box="[628,703,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB3FF91B3A9FE9FFBD33181" box="[904,998,376,402]" name="Guyana" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B3D3FE9FF8E131A4" authority="Smith and Noonan, 2001" authorityName="Smith and Noonan" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exophthamus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B3D3FE9FFC853182" box="[1010,1200,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB3FF91B3D3FE9FFC3F3182" box="[1010,1034,376,401]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. exophthamus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB3FF91B499FE9FF8E131A4" author="Smith" pageId="18" pageNumber="48" refString="Smith, E. N. & Noonan, B. P. (2001) A new species of Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae) from Guyana. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 49, 347 - 357." type="journal article" year="2001">Smith and Noonan, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is considerably smaller (up to
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB3FF91B263FE7AFA9F31A4" box="[578,682,413,439]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="42.5">42.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL) and lacks cranial ridges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB3FF91B43CFE7AFD4731A4" author="Kok" box="[1053,1394,413,439]" pageId="18" pageNumber="48" refString="Kok, P. J. R. & Kalamandeen, M. (2008) Introduction to the taxonomy of the amphibians of Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. ABC Taxa, 5: 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="2008">Kok and Kalamandeen 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB3FF91B0E5FE25FAB6325F" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1111]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Another Guyanan species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B225FE25FC1231CF" authority="MacCulloch and Lathrop, 2005" authorityName="MacCulloch and Lathrop" authorityYear="2005" box="[516,1063,450,476]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phasmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B225FE25FA9231C8" box="[516,679,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB3FF91B225FE25FA2931C8" box="[516,540,450,475]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. phasmatus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="827F4B70FFB3FF91B28EFE25FC1231CF" author="MacCulloch" box="[687,1063,450,476]" pageId="18" pageNumber="48" refString="MacCulloch, R. D & Lathrop, A. (2005) Hylid frogs from Mount Ayanganna, Guyana: new species, redescriptions, and distributional records. Phyllomedusa, 4, 17 - 37." type="journal article" year="2005">MacCulloch and Lathrop, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from high elevations>
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB3FF91B560FE25FDA931CF" box="[1345,1436,450,476]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
||
on Mount Ayanganna has about the same size as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B2CAFE0FFB0D3212" box="[747,824,488,513]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B2CAFE0FFB0D3212" box="[747,824,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also shares cranial ridges, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B4C5FE0FFD043212" box="[1252,1329,488,513]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B4C5FE0FFD043212" box="[1252,1329,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks an axillary fold (one half of humerus length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B2B7FDEAFB263235" box="[662,787,525,550]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phasmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B2B7FDEAFB263235" box="[662,787,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">phasmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the width of the disc of Finger III is about half the tympanum width (larger than tympanum).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB3FF91B0E5FDBFF982341F" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1111]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B12DFDBFF9623262" box="[268,343,600,625]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B12DFDBFF9623262" box="[268,343,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other species in the area it is here considered a valid member of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B137FD9AF9F93285" box="[278,460,637,662]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B137FD9AF9F93285" box="[278,460,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Osteocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
characterized by (1) medium size (female
|
||
<quantity id="21169B64FFB3FF91B3C5FD9AFC673284" box="[996,1106,637,663]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.22" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="62.2">62.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL), sexual dimorphism unknown; (2) skin on dorsum of females smooth anteriorly, interspersed with small flat tubercles on the posterior 2/3 of the back, unknown in males; (3) skin on flanks smooth; (4) very prominent, almost straight canthus rostralis; (5) frontoparietal ridges present, well visible through skin; (6) dentigerous processes of vomers angular; (7) straight supratympanic fold, sloping in a fairly straight line posterior to the tympanum; (8) web on inner edge of third finger reaching distal end of penultimate subarticular tubercle; (9) distal subarticular tubercle on Finger IV barely bifid; (10) dorsum uniform tan; (11) venter cream with some small brown spots posterior to the clavicle; (12) narrow white labial stripe to posterior edge of tympanum, extended into large subocular spot; (13) flanks brown with a few small irregular tan spots; (14) position of vocal sacs unknown; (15) juvenile coloration unknown; (16) tadpole habitat and labial tooth row formula unknown; (17) color of bones white (?).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AEF4650AFFB3FF91B0E5FBF0FA633444" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E6513681FFB3FF91B0E5FBF0FA633444" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1111]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B0E5FBF0F9523422" bold="true" box="[196,359,1047,1073]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21EE4D02FFB3FF91B14FFBFFFA583422" box="[366,621,1048,1073]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D49AEA93FFB3FF91B14FFBFFFA583422" box="[366,621,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Osteocephalus vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is still only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="39558823FFB3FF91B3E1FBFFFBC73421" box="[960,1010,1048,1074]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the extreme northwest of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF97611FFB3FF91B0B6FBDAF8D73444" box="[151,226,1085,1111]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, close to the Colombian border.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |