358 lines
46 KiB
XML
358 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="EBFA7BDBB73B85BB396E00CC32677550" ID-DOI="10.3390/life13081698" ID-PMC="PMC10455595" ID-PubMed="37629555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8424639" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1696925056042" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Poinar, George & Vega, Fernando E." docDate="2023" docId="6653D578A54BFFDAFE66AFC1FA4FFA38" docLanguage="en" docName="Life.13.8.1-13.pdf" docOrigin="Life (Basel, Switzerland) 13 (8)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13081698" docTitle="Caradiophyodus saradae Poinar & Vega 2023, gen. and sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="9A6AAD00A54AFFDFFF92AA5CFFFDFF89" masterDocTitle="Caradiophyodidae, a New Family of Micro-Wasps (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea) Based on the Description of Caradiophyodus saradae gen. et sp. nov. in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1696925423835" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="90B287042432BFD6F7331A714E65A4E7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7B22C46D15B0B8655B98E37170E24CCA">
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<mods:title id="01DDE51F3443CC357F6373C1D23559F0">Caradiophyodidae, a New Family of Micro-Wasps (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea) Based on the Description of Caradiophyodus saradae gen. et sp. nov. in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F1F6AB94C63CA1D784B556985711D664" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CA745C3AE3B1C77D53A2F68C3E92A785">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B8FA1DB4ADBE6857D3484D7E7E9DB253">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="99B6FD66FD17E361A1991A8E4F848684">Poinar, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9F07A1F6C801850E92634949B85D5C39">Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AF7B72C3943EC4380C5286D305830384" type="email">poinarg@science.oregonstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FAF52086A5852A3AB0F23ACBF32A6032" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C23908A33D8C7D2B9AF43B09FE0A2F70">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CE28E1D72ECBDA94E42E9A9EBC75204A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9E5E7E3F376E30161328E59A5A72BB1E">Vega, Fernando E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E90834021628E6E9862EF48953A32F72">Independent Researcher, 14609 Pebblestone Dr., Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A01BAAFB0ED3A61AF02143A74E0FE2DC" type="email">trainofstories@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5251633CA11CC6EC81A16343892786DE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7258F255B2278234DBABB983E26C1ADE">
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<mods:title id="6F315808D21F8CAE2B5E04C21194CDE2">Life</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C31E40573C2C9E73ACE25567BB75942C">
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<mods:date id="510E33A3569E2EEDDFD618C97ABB0E39">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="065E0832884E47E59A74DB335F4932A9" type="series">
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<mods:title id="FDD3E7909FD3C5B56BFC96F36CA5BB7A">Basel, Switzerland</mods:title>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="426C677FF759A8E8206E545850261E8F" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="24A591882D720DCFA06B6B39FC7E24A2">2023-08-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="0707595227A9A5D23E2B6FDF386DAD1A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="813E0F4437B77D8BDEDD766C56A9D05F">13</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="BB00D229A89971F655E0E11B3D5C5DA4" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="EA6EDFD1ACF4F63BB5AB5EEF9BBAA447">8</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="42F84176F226166B9FF853542CB483FD">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="1826C0E329EC26C155AEDC063D225680">13</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="ADE7D9362F8EC1C75B78DBBEBF894D54">
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<mods:url id="CE080D16FE110313AC8662D95DE99064">http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13081698</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="A72F70D63247B3B784DE1720D4DC565B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F6527C4D1FCF806D8FF01B5F4900A4D0" type="DOI">10.3390/life13081698</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E1C698892BED31B16BEE0150680ED264" type="PMC">PMC10455595</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6653D578A54BFFDAFE66AFC1FA4FFA38" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8424615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8424615" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6653D578A54BFFDAFE66AFC1FA4FFA38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6653D578A54BFFDAFE66AFC1FA4FFA38" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="A6E037E5A54BFFDEFE66AFC1FB96FA3D" box="[500,1131,1436,1461]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EE45646EA54BFFDEFE66AFC1FB96FA3D" blockId="1.[443,1492,723,1527]" box="[500,1131,1436,1461]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54BFFDEFD05AFC0FC61FA3D" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[663,924,1436,1460]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54BFFDEFD05AFC0FC61FA3D" box="[663,924,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54BFFDEFC30AFC1FB96FA3D" box="[930,1131,1436,1461]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A6E037E5A54BFFDEFE66AFE2FD80FA7E" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="EE45646EA54BFFDEFE66AFE2FD80FA7E" blockId="1.[443,1492,723,1527]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C9BD5866-D6E0-4278-B8A3-48C2DAE79CD1 (accessed on 24 July 2023).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="BA8534E6A54BFFDEFE2EAD81FD2AF79C" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[444,514,2013,2035]" targetBox="[449,1030,1552,1986]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="EE45646EA54BFFDEFE2EAD81FD2AF79C" blockId="1.[444,1491,2013,2070]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54BFFDEFE2EAD81FDE6F87B" bold="true" box="[444,539,2013,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Lateral dorsal view of holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54BFFDEFC0EAD81FB76F87B" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[924,1163,2013,2034]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54BFFDEFC0EAD81FB76F87B" box="[924,1163,2013,2034]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54BFFDEFB00AD82FAADF87A" box="[1170,1360,2013,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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in Burmese amber. Scale bar = 290 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="A6E037E5A548FFDDFE66AB59FD8AFE0B" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="EE45646EA548FFDDFE66AB59FD8AFE0B" blockId="2.[444,1493,261,520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">The specific epithet is in honor of Dr. Sarada Krishnan for her contributions to coffee genetic resources research. Dr. Krishnan is the Director of Programs at the Global Crop Diversity Trust in Bonn, Germany, and Executive Director of the International Women’s Coffee Alliance.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A6E037E5A548FFDDFE66ABD7FB08FD81" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EE45646EA548FFDDFE66ABD7FC78FE4C" blockId="2.[444,1493,261,520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<materialsCitation id="5E926E33A548FFDDFE66ABD7FC78FE4C" country="Myanmar" latitude="26.333334" location="Noije bum 2001 Summit Site amber mine in the Hukawng Valley" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="96.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kachin" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="3141DACCA548FFDDFE66ABD7FD95FE2A" box="[500,616,395,419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: Accession number
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<accessionNumber id="F1A9F98DA548FFDDFCF7ABD7FC35FE2A" box="[869,968,395,419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">B-Hy-21</accessionNumber>
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deposited in the Poinar Amber Collection maintained at Oregon State University.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EE45646EA548FFDDFE66AB93FB08FD81" blockId="2.[444,1493,261,520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="96ED24FEA548FFDDFD0AAB93FCF6FE6E" box="[664,779,463,487]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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(Burma), state of
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<collectingRegion id="2C3EAA8CA548FFDDFC4BAB92FBD3FE6F" box="[985,1070,462,486]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Kachin</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="EB2532B5A548FFDDFBABAB92FCF0FD81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6653D578A54BFFDAFE66AFC1FA4FFA38:EB2532B5A548FFDDFBABAB92FCF0FD81" country="Myanmar" latitude="26.333334" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="96.6" name="Noije bum 2001 Summit Site amber mine in the Hukawng Valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Kachin">Noije bum 2001 Summit Site amber mine in the Hukawng Valley</location>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="FFF77D4CA548FFDDFC8AABACFBFEFD81" box="[792,1027,496,520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SW of Maingkhwan</locationDeviation>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="8BCE02A9A548FFDDFB82ABACFB84FD8E" box="[1040,1145,490,520]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="0" value="26.333334">
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26
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA548FFDDFBBFABB6FBC5FE74" bold="true" box="[1069,1080,490,509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<superScript id="198FC926A548FFDDFBBFABB6FBC5FE74" attach="none" box="[1069,1080,490,509]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">◦</superScript>
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</emphasis>
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20
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA548FFDDFBC1ABB6FBA4FE74" bold="true" box="[1107,1113,490,509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<superScript id="198FC926A548FFDDFBC1ABB6FBA4FE74" attach="left" box="[1107,1113,490,509]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0</superScript>
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</emphasis>
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N
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8BCE02A9A548FFDDFB17ABACFB15FD81" box="[1157,1256,490,520]" degrees="96" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="0" value="96.6">
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96
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA548FFDDFB32ABB6FB56FE74" bold="true" box="[1184,1195,490,509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<superScript id="198FC926A548FFDDFB32ABB6FB56FE74" attach="none" box="[1184,1195,490,509]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">◦</superScript>
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</emphasis>
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36
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA548FFDDFB55ABB6FB30FE74" bold="true" box="[1223,1229,490,509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<superScript id="198FC926A548FFDDFB55ABB6FB30FE74" attach="left" box="[1223,1229,490,509]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0</superScript>
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</emphasis>
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E
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</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="BA8534E6A548FFDDFE2EAECFFD74FB67" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[444,514,1171,1193]" targetBox="[450,1242,547,1141]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="EE45646EA548FFDDFE2EAECFFD74FB67" blockId="2.[444,1496,1171,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA548FFDDFE2EAECFFDE3FB20" bold="true" box="[444,542,1171,1193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Lateral view of holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA548FFDDFCE2AEC8FB9EFB20" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[880,1123,1172,1193]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA548FFDDFCE2AEC8FB9EFB20" box="[880,1123,1172,1193]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A548FFDDFBFFAEC8FABFFB20" box="[1133,1346,1172,1194]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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in Burmese amber. C = cleft in head; F = flange on pedicel; B = expanded structures attached to antennae. Scale bar = 324 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="A6E037E5A548FFDBFE66AF4EFC3BFD7B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="EE45646EA548FFDDFE66AF4EFC12FAC2" blockId="2.[444,1494,1298,1355]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA548FFDDFE66AF4EFD77FAA3" bold="true" box="[500,650,1298,1322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description:</emphasis>
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Female. Body (length without antennae 1.3 mm) elongated, black, smooth, non-metallic, and nearly parallel-sided.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="BA8534E6A548FFDDFE2EADB5FBEDF7A8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[444,514,2025,2047]" targetBox="[450,1150,1381,1995]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="EE45646EA548FFDDFE2EADB5FBEDF7A8" blockId="2.[444,1491,2025,2081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA548FFDDFE2EADB5FDE7F877" bold="true" box="[444,538,2025,2047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Lateral view of metasoma (MT) and mesosoma (MS) of holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA548FFDDFB78ADB5FA2EF877" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[1258,1491,2025,2046]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA548FFDDFB78ADB5FA2EF877" box="[1258,1491,2025,2046]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A548FFDDFE2EA250FD8CF7A8" box="[444,625,2059,2081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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in Burmese amber. Scale bar = 150 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="BA8534E6A549FFDCFE2EA967FC21FCFA" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[444,514,827,849]" targetBox="[452,1166,260,796]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="EE45646EA549FFDCFE2EA967FC21FCFA" blockId="3.[444,1496,827,884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA549FFDCFE2EA967FDE7FCD8" bold="true" box="[444,538,827,849]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Head, antennae, and head cleft (between arrows) of holotype of
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA549FFDCFB2BA960FA5BFCD8" box="[1209,1446,828,849]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA549FFDCFB2BA960FAABFCD8" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[1209,1366,828,849]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caradiophyodus</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA549FFDCFAF2A960FA5BFCD8" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[1376,1446,828,849]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">saradae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A549FFDCFA3EA960FDC0FCFA" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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in Burmese amber. Scale bar = 130 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="EE45646EA549FFDCFE66A9C4FB82FB77" blockId="3.[443,1497,920,1446]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA549FFDCFE66A9C4FDC1FC39" bold="true" box="[500,572,920,944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Hypognathous; length, 210 µm; width, 277 µm; toruli adjacent; positioned just above oral cavity below level of ventral margin of eyes; much closer to each other than to eyes; length eye, 90 µm; ommatidia stalked; antennae 0.7 mm in length; not elbowed, with 15 segments; ring segments absent; scape short, length 36 µm, pedicel long, length 70 µm, with a ventral flange; first flagellomere fusiform (tapering at both ends), remaining flagellomeres transverse, gradually becoming larger toward apex and terminating in a 7- or 8-segmented clavis; dorsum of head with distinct curved, raised “horseshoe shaped” sclerite along inner margin of eyes, ending just before lateral ocelli, greatest diameter of sclerite, 160 µm; thickness of sclerite, 18 µm; dark subocular sclerite positioned below each eye; length suboptical sclerite, 92 µm; width suboptical sclerite, 53 µm; horizontal cleft extending across head between eyes and subocular sclerites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA549FFDCFE66AF54FB9EFA2C" blockId="3.[443,1497,920,1446]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA549FFDCFE66AF54FD80FAA9" bold="true" box="[500,637,1288,1312]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Black, smooth, lacking any metallic colors; length, 625 µm; pronotum extending back to tegulae; length pronotum 280 µm; pronotal carina absent; mesoscutum (length = 107 µm) transversely carinate; with faint ridges possibly incorporating the skaphion; notauli and petiole absent; mesoscutellum (length = 190 µm) squarish; carinate with faint transverse suture, lacking projection or process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BA8534E6A549FFDCFE2EADE5FBAFF79A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[444,514,1977,1999]" targetBox="[451,1050,1472,1947]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA549FFDCFE2EADE5FBAFF79A" blockId="3.[444,1494,1977,2068]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA549FFDCFE2EADE5FDE7F846" bold="true" box="[444,538,1977,1999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Head showing horseshoe sclerite (H); fusiform first flagellomere (F); pedicel (P); scape (S); subocular sclerites (Sb); and area of cleft (area within the white box) of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA549FFDCFAA6AD80FDF9F79A" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA549FFDCFAA6AD80FDF9F79A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A549FFDCFD9BADA2FD43F79A" box="[521,702,2046,2068]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in Burmese amber. Scale bar = 97 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA54EFFDBFE66AB59FA4AFE08" blockId="4.[443,1495,261,754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54EFFDBFE66AB59FDCEFE94" bold="true" box="[500,563,261,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
Femora swollen; similar in size; length, 160 µm; tibia narrow; straight; length metatibia, 140 µm; tibial spur formula 1-1-2; tarsus 5-segmented, basal segment longest, segment lengths (1, 156 µm; 2, 60 µm; 3, 60 µm; 4, 43 µm; 5, 57 µm; pretarsus, 35 µm); tarsal claws paired, pointed; with wide base; aroleum positioned at right angles to the tarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA54EFFDBFE66ABD7FB1EFD04" blockId="4.[443,1495,261,754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54EFFDBFE66ABD7FDB5FE2A" bold="true" box="[500,584,395,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Wings:</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing long (length, 850 µm; greatest width, 315 µm) extending almost to tip of the abdomen when directed backward; membrane and margins of both wings bearing setae; venation reduced; with no closed cells; distinct submarginal vein in fore wing meets wing margin at small pterostigma, then continues a short distance as a postmarginal vein; a straight stigmal vein extends down from the margin at roughly 45 degrees for a short distance; uncus absent; Rs vein incomplete; hind wing narrow (length, 500 µm, width, 60 µm); membrane covered with setae and bearing a short straight vein originating from near wing base; hamuli absent; anal lobe replaced by extended setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA54EFFDBFE66A8CBFC3BFD7B" blockId="4.[443,1495,261,754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54EFFDBFE66A8CBFD84FD26" bold="true" box="[500,633,663,687]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Sessile, with six subequal visible segments and partly exposed terminal 7 segment showing the tip of ovipositor and ovipositor sheaths. What appears to be a coil-like housing of the ovipositor is present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="BA8534E6A54EFFDBFE2EAFD1FCA8FA4C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[444,514,1421,1443]" targetBox="[450,796,782,1392]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA54EFFDBFE2EAFD1FCA8FA4C" blockId="4.[444,1496,1421,1478]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54EFFDBFE2EAFD1FDE7FA2A" bold="true" box="[444,538,1421,1443]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing (FW) and hind wing (HW) of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54EFFDBFBA9AFD2FADDFA2A" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[1083,1312,1422,1443]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54EFFDBFBA9AFD2FADDFA2A" box="[1083,1312,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54EFFDBFAB5AFD2FA25FA2A" box="[1319,1496,1422,1444]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in Burmese amber. Scale bar = 140 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BA8534E6A54EFFDBFE2EAD84FD80F799" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[444,514,2008,2030]" targetBox="[448,1078,1506,1979]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA54EFFDBFE2EAD84FD80F799" blockId="4.[444,1497,2008,2064]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54EFFDBFE2EAD84FDE7F864" bold="true" box="[444,538,2008,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Metatibial spurs of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54EFFDBFCF9AD84FBA9F864" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[875,1108,2008,2029]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54EFFDBFCF9AD84FBA9F864" box="[875,1108,2008,2029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54EFFDBFBC8AD85FAF3F867" box="[1114,1294,2008,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in Burmese amber. Scale bar = 40 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A6E037E5A54FFFDAFE66AB59FA4FFA38" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA54FFFDAFE66AB59FA24FE0B" blockId="5.[443,1497,261,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFE66AB59FD83FE94" bold="true" box="[500,638,261,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
Since the transition between the claval and funiclular antennomeres is so slight, it is difficult to determine if the club represents the terminal 6 or 7 segments [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A6B199FA54FFFDAFAE4AB7BFA6CFEB6" author="Bin, F." box="[1398,1425,295,319]" journalOrPublisher="Redia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="245 - 261" part="64" refId="ref4837" refString="10. Bin, F. Definition of female antennal clava based on its plate sensilla in Hymenoptera Scelionidae Telenominae. Redia 1981, 64, 245 - 261." title="Definition of female antennal clava based on its plate sensilla in Hymenoptera Scelionidae Telenominae" type="journal article" year="1981">10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. The horizontal cleft extending across the head between eyes and subocular sclerites is considered a unique feature and could not be found in any other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFA8FAB36FA28FE0B" box="[1309,1493,362,386]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Platygastroidea">Platygastroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA54FFFDAFE66ABD7FA34FDE5" blockId="5.[443,1497,261,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The 15-segmented antennae represent a primitive feature of the fossil and eliminate its placement in any of the previous families of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFC7BABF1FB63FE4C" box="[1001,1182,429,453]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Platygastroidea">Platygastroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A6B199FA54FFFDAFB3CABF1FB46FE4C" author="Chen, H. & Lahey, Z. & Talamas, E. J. & Valerio, A. A. & Popovici, O. A. & Musetti, L. & Klompen, H. & Polaszek, A. & Masner, L. & Austin, A. D." box="[1198,1211,429,453]" journalOrPublisher="Syst. Entomol." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1088 - 1113" part="46" refId="ref4559" refString="5. Chen, H.; Lahey, Z.; Talamas, E. J.; Valerio, A. A.; Popovici, O. A.; Musetti, L.; Klompen, H.; Polaszek, A.; Masner, L.; Austin, A. D.; et al. An integrated phylogenetic reassessment of the parasitoid superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) results in a revised familial classification. Syst. Entomol. 2021, 46, 1088 - 1113. [CrossRef]" title="An integrated phylogenetic reassessment of the parasitoid superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) results in a revised familial classification" type="journal article" year="2021">5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] as well as in all species of the extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFDCFAB92FCB4FE6F" box="[605,841,462,486]" class="Insecta" family="Proterosceliopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Proterosceliopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except for the Burmese amber
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFB52AB92FD2FFD8E" authority="Talamas, Shih, and Ren" authorityName="Talamas, Shih, and Ren" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Proterosceliopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plurima">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFB52AB92FA2EFE6F" box="[1216,1491,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Proterosceliopsis plurima</emphasis>
|
||
Talamas, Shih, and Ren
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that also has 15 antennomeres [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A6B199FA54FFFDAFBC2ABACFBA0FD81" author="Talamas, E. J. & Johnson, N. F. & Shih, C. K. & Ren, D." box="[1104,1117,496,520]" journalOrPublisher="J. Hymenop. Res." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 38" part="73" refId="ref4658" refString="6. Talamas, E. J.; Johnson, N. F.; Shih, C. K.; Ren, D. Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber. J. Hymenop. Res. 2019, 73, 3 - 38. [CrossRef]" title="Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber" type="journal article" year="2019">6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. The larger body size (3.9 mm versus 1.3 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFD1BA84DFC73FDA0" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[649,910,529,553]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFD1BA84DFC73FDA0" box="[649,910,529,553]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54FFFDAFC06A84EFBA2FDA0" box="[916,1119,529,554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), nine clavomeres (versus 6 or 7 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFE48A86FFD1EFDC2" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[474,739,563,587]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFE48A86FFD1EFDC2" box="[474,739,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54FFFDAFD78A86FFC45FDC2" box="[746,952,563,587]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), extended metasoma, long pedicel, and long sixth tergite also separate the latter species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFC67A808FB07FDE5" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[1013,1274,596,620]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFC67A808FB07FDE5" box="[1013,1274,596,620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54FFFDAFA92A809FA34FDE5" box="[1280,1481,596,621]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA54FFFDAFE66A82AFBECFD7B" blockId="5.[443,1497,261,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Aside from the above, members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFC46A82AFB43FD07" box="[980,1214,630,654]" class="Insecta" family="Proterosceliopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Proterosceliopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are characterized by a malarsulcus, a mesepimeral sulcus, a transepisternal line on the mesopleuron, and transverse furrows along the anterior margins of the tergites and sternites [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A6B199FA54FFFDAFB6BA8E5FAFBFD58" accessDate="2023-07-24" author="Ross, A. J." bookContentInfo="33 pp." box="[1273,1286,697,721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" publicationUrl="https://www.nms.ac.uk/media/1166967/burmese-amber-taxa-v2022_1.pdf" refId="ref4420" refString="2. Ross, A. J. Burmese (Myanmar) Amber Taxa, on-Line Supplement v. 2022.1. 33 pp. Available online: https: // www. nms. ac. uk / media / 1166967 / burmese-amber-taxa-v 2022 _ 1. pdf (accessed on 24 July 2023)." title="Burmese (Myanmar) Amber Taxa, on-Line Supplement v. 2022.1." type="book" year="2022">2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A6B199FA54FFFDAFA9FA8E4FAE7FD59" author="Talamas, E. J. & Johnson, N. F. & Shih, C. K. & Ren, D." box="[1293,1306,696,720]" journalOrPublisher="J. Hymenop. Res." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 38" part="73" refId="ref4658" refString="6. Talamas, E. J.; Johnson, N. F.; Shih, C. K.; Ren, D. Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber. J. Hymenop. Res. 2019, 73, 3 - 38. [CrossRef]" title="Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber" type="journal article" year="2019">6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], which are not present on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFDAFA886FCBFFD7B" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[573,834,730,754]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFDAFA886FCBFFD7B" box="[573,834,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54FFFDAFCDAA887FBECFD7B" box="[840,1041,730,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA54FFFDAFE66A8A7FD0FFB2C" blockId="5.[443,1497,261,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFE66A8A7FD0EFC9A" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[500,755,763,787]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFE66A8A7FD0EFC9A" box="[500,755,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54FFFDAFD6AA8A0FC46FC9A" box="[760,955,763,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also differ from the members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFAC5A8A0FDD4FCBC" class="Insecta" family="Proterosceliopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Proterosceliopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following characteristics. The pronotal cervical sulcus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFAB0A941FDF0FCDF" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFAB0A941FDF0FCDF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54FFFDAFD86A963FD1FFCDF" box="[532,738,830,855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is not furrowed and associated with glandular excretions as in members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFDE6A93CFCA8FCF1" box="[628,853,864,888]" class="Insecta" family="Proterosceliopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Proterosceliopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A6B199FA54FFFDAFCF6A93CFC8CFCF1" author="Talamas, E. J. & Johnson, N. F. & Shih, C. K. & Ren, D." box="[868,881,864,888]" journalOrPublisher="J. Hymenop. Res." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 38" part="73" refId="ref4658" refString="6. Talamas, E. J.; Johnson, N. F.; Shih, C. K.; Ren, D. Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber. J. Hymenop. Res. 2019, 73, 3 - 38. [CrossRef]" title="Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber" type="journal article" year="2019">6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. In addition, the wing of members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFAC5A93CFDD4FC10" class="Insecta" family="Proterosceliopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Proterosceliopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a bulla as well as evidence of a short, nebulous 1Rs vein and a 2Rs (=Rs) vein extending to the wing margin. In addition, members possess a nebulous Rs + M vein, nebulous to weakly sclerotized Mand Cu veins, and a tibia spur formula of 1-2-2 [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A6B199FA54FFFDAFAFBA998FA8BFC55" author="Talamas, E. J. & Johnson, N. F. & Shih, C. K. & Ren, D." box="[1385,1398,964,988]" journalOrPublisher="J. Hymenop. Res." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 38" part="73" refId="ref4658" refString="6. Talamas, E. J.; Johnson, N. F.; Shih, C. K.; Ren, D. Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber. J. Hymenop. Res. 2019, 73, 3 - 38. [CrossRef]" title="Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber" type="journal article" year="2019">6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], which differ from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFD0EA9BAFC5BFC77" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[668,934,998,1022]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFD0EA9BAFC5BFC77" box="[668,934,998,1022]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54FFFDAFC3CA9BAFB7CFC74" box="[942,1153,998,1022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The pedicel of the Burmese amber
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFD9EAE5BFCE8FB96" box="[524,789,1031,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Proterosceliopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plurima">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFD9EAE5BFCE8FB96" box="[524,789,1031,1055]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Proterosceliopsis plurima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A6B199FA54FFFDAFCB7AE5BFCCFFB96" author="Talamas, E. J. & Johnson, N. F. & Shih, C. K. & Ren, D." box="[805,818,1031,1055]" journalOrPublisher="J. Hymenop. Res." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 38" part="73" refId="ref4658" refString="6. Talamas, E. J.; Johnson, N. F.; Shih, C. K.; Ren, D. Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber. J. Hymenop. Res. 2019, 73, 3 - 38. [CrossRef]" title="Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber" type="journal article" year="2019">6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] is as long as the first three flagellomeres combined, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFE48AE75FD22FBC8" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[474,735,1065,1089]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFE48AE75FD22FBC8" box="[474,735,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54FFFDAFD77AE75FC4DFBC9" box="[741,944,1065,1089]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the pedicel length is slightly less than the first two flagellomeres. The abdomen is slender and petiolate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFBEAAE17FB15FBEB" box="[1144,1256,1098,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Proterosceliopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plurima">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFBEAAE17FB15FBEB" box="[1144,1256,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. plurima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A6B199FA54FFFDAFB65AE16FAF9FBEB" author="Talamas, E. J. & Johnson, N. F. & Shih, C. K. & Ren, D." box="[1271,1284,1098,1122]" journalOrPublisher="J. Hymenop. Res." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 38" part="73" refId="ref4658" refString="6. Talamas, E. J.; Johnson, N. F.; Shih, C. K.; Ren, D. Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber. J. Hymenop. Res. 2019, 73, 3 - 38. [CrossRef]" title="Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber" type="journal article" year="2019">6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] but is broad and sessile in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFDB9AE30FCD2FB0D" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[555,815,1132,1156]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFDB9AE30FCD2FB0D" box="[555,815,1132,1156]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54FFFDAFCA7AE30FC00FB0A" box="[821,1021,1132,1156]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
It is clear that the fossil does not belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFD97AED1FD13FB2C" box="[517,750,1165,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Proterosceliopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Proterosceliopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA54FFFDAFE66AEF3FD37FAC4" blockId="5.[443,1497,261,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Within the superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFC88AEF3FC2AFB4E" box="[794,983,1199,1223]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Platygastroidea">Platygastroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only the Burmese amber
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFA8CAEF3FDEDFB61" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Proterosceliopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plurima">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFA8CAEF3FDEDFB61" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Proterosceliopsis plurima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A6B199FA54FFFDAFD8DAE8CFDD1FB61" author="Talamas, E. J. & Johnson, N. F. & Shih, C. K. & Ren, D." box="[543,556,1232,1256]" journalOrPublisher="J. Hymenop. Res." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 38" part="73" refId="ref4658" refString="6. Talamas, E. J.; Johnson, N. F.; Shih, C. K.; Ren, D. Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber. J. Hymenop. Res. 2019, 73, 3 - 38. [CrossRef]" title="Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber" type="journal article" year="2019">6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFDFCAE8CFC90FB61" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[622,877,1232,1256]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFDFCAE8CFC90FB61" box="[622,877,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54FFFDAFCE6AE8DFBC6FB61" box="[884,1083,1232,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, possess 15 antennomeres, which is emphasized as a pleisomatic character by Talamas et al. [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A6B199FA54FFFDAFBF2AEAEFB90FA83" author="Talamas, E. J. & Johnson, N. F. & Shih, C. K. & Ren, D." box="[1120,1133,1266,1290]" journalOrPublisher="J. Hymenop. Res." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 38" part="73" refId="ref4658" refString="6. Talamas, E. J.; Johnson, N. F.; Shih, C. K.; Ren, D. Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber. J. Hymenop. Res. 2019, 73, 3 - 38. [CrossRef]" title="Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber" type="journal article" year="2019">6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. Since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFB59AEAEFA2EFA83" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[1227,1491,1266,1290]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFB59AEAEFA2EFA83" box="[1227,1491,1266,1290]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54FFFDAFE2EAF48FD74FAA2" box="[444,649,1299,1324]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
cannot be reliably assigned to any known extant or extinct family, it is placed in a new family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE45646EA54FFFDAFE66AF0AFA4FFA38" blockId="5.[443,1497,261,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The cleft in the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FA1FEDA54FFFDAFC89AF0AFBDAFAE7" authority="Poinar & Vega, 2023" authorityName="Poinar & Vega" authorityYear="2023" box="[795,1063,1366,1390]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Caradiophyodus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saradae" status="gen. and sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8EB87CA54FFFDAFC89AF0AFBDAFAE7" box="[795,1063,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caradiophyodus saradae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7BD0507A54FFFDAFBA2AF0BFAF3FAE7" box="[1072,1294,1366,1391]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is considered a natural feature rather than a post-mortem crack. This is because there is no sign of torn or malformed adjacent head structures. The purpose of such a feature remains unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |