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<document id="CAE676BCCC9FE4A4B93F42A919051581" ID-CLB-Dataset="4190" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.766.1483" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2ee0981-75c7-4e5c-9618-2d9dd18ac823" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5514587" ID-ZooBank="19110F18-6E35-4C50-B362-7BC742B0B5D5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1631927040333" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Goharimanesh, Mona, Stöhr, Sabine, Mirshamsi, Omid, Ghassemzadeh, Fereshteh &amp; Adriaens, Dominique" docDate="2021" docId="3B7687F64236627DD659FD86FEC1FE44" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-766_1-63.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 766 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.766.1483" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gorgonocephalidae Ljungman 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="C74FFF8E42226268D457FF89FF82FFB0" masterDocTitle="Interactive identification key to all brittle star families (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) leads to revised morphological descriptions" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1699449478631" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="BC5CFEE1989D9F1E493BF777D37D09E0">Interactive identification key to all brittle star families (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) leads to revised morphological descriptions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="18F81D8786118823AE35D9117893BA14">Goharimanesh, Mona</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AECAA3E835207C66C0D41C8A3A4D49A4">Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Mashhad, Iran. &amp; Ghent University, Research Group Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Gent, Belgium. &amp; Mona.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0189F06F12889A1E8D9EA96595A5224F">Mirshamsi, Omid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DDDC4CB440CF6DD5D453F766EC5BE68C">Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Mashhad, Iran. &amp; Research Department of Zoological Innovations (RDZI), Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="01682A42AE11ABFCA4EE8F1BB56CD0FD">Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Mashhad, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="3B7687F64236627DD659FD86FEC1FE44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5527077" ID-GBIF-Taxon="188518823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5527077" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B7687F64236627DD659FD86FEC1FE44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B7687F64236627DD659FD86FEC1FE44" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="FBC5656B4236627CD659FD86FBA4FD99" box="[526,1062,526,553]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B36036E04236627CD659FD86FBA4FD99" blockId="20.[526,1062,526,553]" box="[526,1062,526,553]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Family
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD63FFD87FBA4FD99" ID-CoL="7NHQ2" authority="Ljungman, 1867" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityYear="1867" box="[616,1062,526,553]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD63FFD87FCDEFD98" bold="true" box="[616,860,526,552]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gorgonocephalidae</emphasis>
Ljungman, 1867
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<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD4EAFDD8FEC8FDDB" bold="true" box="[189,330,593,619]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<typeStatus id="6C6488424236627CD4EAFDD8FF78FDDB" box="[189,250,593,619]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type</typeStatus>
genus
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<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD4EAFD09FDA8FD2B" ID-CoL="7P49B" authority="Leach, 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[189,554,640,667]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD4EAFD09FE0CFD2A" box="[189,398,640,666]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gorgonocephalus</emphasis>
Leach, 1815
</taxonomicName>
.
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<paragraph id="B36036E04236627CD4EAFD48FEE6FD6C" blockId="20.[189,356,705,732]" box="[189,356,705,732]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="E828818C4236627CD4EAFD48FEE6FD6C" bold="true" box="[189,356,705,732]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD4EAFD48FEE6FD6C" bold="true" box="[189,356,705,732]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Other genera</emphasis>
</heading>
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<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD4EAFD78FDE7FCBC" ID-CoL="d123c985-f9ff-488d-a17e-942f5719cd22" authority="Orstedt &amp; Lutken, 1856" authorityName="Orstedt &amp; Lutken" authorityYear="1856" box="[189,613,753,781]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Asteroporpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD4EAFD78FECEFCBB" box="[189,332,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Asteroporpa</emphasis>
Örstedt &amp; Lütken, 1856
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD639FD78FC1DFCBB" ID-CoL="7NRL8" authority="Doderlein, 1927" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1927" box="[622,927,753,779]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astracme" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD639FD78FD59FCBB" box="[622,731,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astracme</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1927
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD7FFFD78FB56FCBB" ID-CoL="7NRLJ" authority="Doderlein, 1911" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[936,1236,753,779]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astroboa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD7FFFD78FB93FCBB" box="[936,1041,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astroboa</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1911
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD08AFD78FE01FC9F" ID-CoL="7NRLM" authority="Doderlein, 1911" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrocaneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD08AFD78FAF6FCBB" box="[1245,1396,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrocaneum</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1911
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;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD5C5FC9DFD59FC9F" ID-CoL="7NRLR" authority="Koehler, 1905" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1905" box="[402,731,788,815]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrochalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD5C5FC9DFDA4FC9E" box="[402,550,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrochalcis</emphasis>
Koehler, 1905
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD6BCFC9DFB8EFC9F" ID-CoL="7NPY8" authority="Verrill, 1878" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[747,1036,788,815]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD6BCFC9DFCEBFC9E" box="[747,873,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrochele</emphasis>
Verrill, 1878
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD04DFC9DFAF0FC9F" ID-CoL="7NRLT" authority="Koehler, 1912" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1912" box="[1050,1394,788,815]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD04DFC9DFB39FC9E" box="[1050,1211,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrochlamys</emphasis>
Koehler, 1912
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD4E8FCB1FE71FCE2" ID-CoL="7NRLV" authority="Verrill, 1899" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[191,499,824,850]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrocladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD4E8FCB1FECCFCE2" box="[191,334,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrocladus</emphasis>
Verrill, 1899
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD654FCB1FCA1FCE2" ID-CoL="7NRLW" authority="Lyman, 1879" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" box="[515,803,824,851]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astroclon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD654FCB1FDF5FCE2" box="[515,631,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astroclon</emphasis>
Lyman, 1879
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD763FCB1FBE1FCE2" ID-CoL="7NPYB" authority="Lyman, 1872" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1872" box="[820,1123,824,851]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrocnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD763FCB1FC35FCE2" box="[820,951,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrocnida</emphasis>
Lyman, 1872
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD024FCB0FF7CFCC6" ID-CoL="7NRLZ" authority="Doderlein, 1927" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1927" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrocrius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD024FCB0FB6DFCE3" box="[1139,1263,825,851]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrocrius</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1927
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD55CFCD5FDE5FCC6" ID-CoL="7NPYC" authority="Doderlein, 1911" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[267,615,860,886]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD55CFCD5FE14FCC6" box="[267,406,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrocyclus</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1911
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD62FFCD5FC73FCC6" ID-CoL="7NRM3" authority="Doderlein, 1911" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[632,1009,860,886]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD62FFCD5FCA0FCC6" box="[632,802,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1911
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD055FCD5FAF3FCC6" ID-CoL="7NRM6" authority="Doderlein, 1927" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1927" box="[1026,1393,860,886]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodictyum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD055FCD5FB23FCC6" box="[1026,1185,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrodictyum</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1927
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD4E8FC09FD9CFC2A" ID-CoL="7NRM7" authority="Doderlein, 1927" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1927" box="[191,542,896,922]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astroglymma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD4E8FC09FED8FC2A" box="[191,346,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astroglymma</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1927
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD670FC09FCF0FC2A" ID-CoL="7NRM8" authority="Lyman, 1869" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1869" box="[551,882,896,922]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrogomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD670FC09FD4DFC2A" box="[551,719,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrogomphus</emphasis>
Lyman, 1869
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD72CFC09FB5AFC2A" ID-CoL="7NPYF" authority="Doderlein, 1911" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[891,1240,896,922]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrogordius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD72CFC09FB93FC2A" box="[891,1041,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrogordius</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1911
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD0B6FC09FEFDFC0E" ID-CoL="7NRM9" authority="Doderlein, 1930" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1930" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrohamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD0B6FC09FAF7FC2A" box="[1249,1397,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrohamma</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1930
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD5DAFC2AFD4CFC0E" ID-CoL="5c82e761-adda-4ccb-9d5c-a9a133b784ed" authority="Doderlein, 1930" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1930" box="[397,718,931,958]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrohelix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD5DAFC2AFD87FC0D" box="[397,517,931,957]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrohelix</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1930
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD68CFC2DFBA2FC0E" ID-CoL="7NRMG" authority="McKnight, 2000" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="2000" box="[731,1056,931,958]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astroniwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD68CFC2DFCD1FC0E" box="[731,851,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astroniwa</emphasis>
McKnight, 2000
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD07AFC2AFAF0FC0E" ID-CoL="7NPYS" authority="Fleming, 1828" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1828" box="[1069,1394,931,958]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD07AFC2AFB39FC0D" box="[1069,1211,931,957]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrophyton</emphasis>
Fleming, 1828
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD4E9FC4EFDA0FC51" ID-CoL="7NRMJ" authority="Doderlein, 1927" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1927" box="[190,546,967,993]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astroplegma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD4E9FC4EFED6FC51" box="[190,340,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astroplegma</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1927
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD666FC41FCD6FC51" ID-CoL="7NRMP" authority="Baker, 1980" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1980" box="[561,852,967,994]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrosierra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD666FC41FD35FC52" box="[561,695,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrosierra</emphasis>
Baker, 1980
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD734FC41FB44FC51" ID-CoL="7NRMQ" authority="Doderlein, 1911" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[867,1222,967,994]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrospartus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD734FC41FC78FC52" box="[867,1018,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrospartus</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1911
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD083FC4EFE11FBB6" ID-CoL="7NPYZ" authority="Matsumoto, 1915" authorityName="Matsumoto" authorityYear="1915" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrothamnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD083FC4EFAFAFC51" box="[1236,1400,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrothamnus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D74E4B114236627CD4EAFC65FE11FBB6" author="Matsumoto H." box="[189,403,1003,1030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="43 - 92" refId="ref34650" refString="Matsumoto H. 1915. A new classification of the Ophiuroidea: with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 67: 43 - 92." type="journal article" year="1915">Matsumoto, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD5F5FC62FD7BFBB5" ID-CoL="7NRMR" authority="Doderlein, 1911" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[418,761,1003,1029]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD5F5FC62FDACFBB5" box="[418,558,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrothorax</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1911
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD75FFC62FB0FFBB5" ID-CoL="7NRMS" authority="H. L. Clark, 1909" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[776,1165,1003,1030]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrothrombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD75FFC62FC34FBB5" box="[776,950,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrothrombus</emphasis>
H.L. Clark, 1909
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD0CBFC62FF7CFB99" ID-CoL="7NRMT" authority="Lyman, 1875" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1875" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD0CBFC62FA94FBB5" box="[1180,1302,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrotoma</emphasis>
Lyman, 1875
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD55DFB86FDD0FB99" ID-CoL="7NRMW" authority="Doderlein, 1930" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1930" box="[266,594,1039,1065]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrozona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD55DFB86FE00FB99" box="[266,386,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrozona</emphasis>
Döderlein, 1930
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD635FB86FC4BFB99" ID-CoL="7NTG5" authority="H. L. Clark, 1909" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[610,969,1039,1065]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Conocladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD635FB86FD72FB99" box="[610,752,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Conocladus</emphasis>
H.L. Clark, 1909
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD78EFB86FB6CFB99" ID-CoL="845KT" authority="Bell, 1894" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1894" box="[985,1262,1039,1065]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Ophiocrene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD78EFB86FBE7FB99" box="[985,1125,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ophiocrene</emphasis>
Bell, 1894
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD0AAFB86FEE5FBFD" ID-CoL="7PR2P" authority="Koehler, 1930" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1930" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Ophiozeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD0AAFB86FAFAFB99" box="[1277,1400,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ophiozeta</emphasis>
Koehler, 1930
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD524FBBBFD51FBFD" ID-CoL="7PZ2B" authority="A. H. Clark, 1952" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1952" box="[371,723,1074,1101]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Schizostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD524FBBBFE7DFBFC" box="[371,511,1074,1100]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Schizostella</emphasis>
A.H. Clark, 1952
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBC5656B4236627DD4EAFBFDFEC1FE44" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="B36036E04236627CD4EAFBFDFECCFB3E" blockId="20.[189,334,1140,1166]" box="[189,334,1140,1166]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="E828818C4236627CD4EAFBFDFECCFB3E" bold="true" box="[189,334,1140,1166]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD4EAFBFDFECCFB3E" bold="true" box="[189,334,1140,1166]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B36036E04236627CD4EAFB2DFDFEF93E" blockId="20.[187,1400,1187,1678]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
ARM. Arm shape unbranched, or shape branched; length more than 4× disc diameter; covering with granules.Arm combs absent. Dorsal arm plate present.Accessory dorsal arm plate absent. Ventral arm plate present. Accessory ventral arm plate absent. Girdle of tiny hooks on the arms present (
<taxonomicName id="74DF4D634236627CD0F2FB62FDBCFA99" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caputmedusae">
<emphasis id="81ABEAF24236627CD0F2FB62FEE7FA99" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gorgonocephalus caputmedusae</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758))
</taxonomicName>
or absent in some genera. Spines all similar in shape. Arm spine cross section oval. The ratio of thickness of distal ⅓ of arm spine to maximum thickness (in a given crosssectional plane) 0.9–1. Arm spines flat; at proximal segments only on ventral side of arms; predominantly erect, standing perpendicular to arm axis. Longest arm spines between half and one segment long. Tentacle scales present; pores visible along the arm; slightly longer than wide; shorter than the spine nearby; cross section round. Position of lateral arm plate (LAP) only lateral. Dorsal and/or ventral edge(s) of LAPs without constriction. Ventral position of LAP projecting ventro-proximalwards. Ventro-distal tip of LAP not projecting ventralwards. Arm spine articulation without dorsal and ventral lobes; restricted to (the ventral or central) portion of the distal edge; all similar. Distance between spine articulations ventralwards increasing. Nerve and muscle openings separated by large, prominent ridge or regular stereom. Nerve opening smaller than muscle opening.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B36036E04236627CD4EAF93FFAF5F8A7" blockId="20.[189,1399,1718,1816]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">DORSAL DISC. Disc circular; flat (about same level as arms). Integument obscuring plates. Dorsal disc with granules; with concealed primary plates; with scales; without spines. Dorsal disc scale/plate without tubercles. Radial shield present; with/without granules; length more than half of the disc radius; bar-like.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B36036E04236627DD4EAF8C9FB1AFE3E" blockId="20.[188,1400,1855,2025]" lastBlockId="21.[188,1399,265,399]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">VENTRAL DISC. Gonads restricted to the disc. Ventral interradii with granules. Scales on ventral interradii absent. Ventral teeth several (tooth papillae). Infradental papillae on oral plate absent. Buccal scales on OP absent. Accessory oral papillae on OP present. Lateral oral papillae on OP absent.Adoral shield spine absent. Lyman’s ossicle absent. Oral shield covering less than one third of interradius; much wider than long. Madreporite one; with numerous pores. Adoral shield meeting in front of the oral shield. Abradial genital plate not twisted. Number of genital slits one per bursa. Genital slit shorter than half interradius. Genital papillae absent. Dental plate of equal width all over; fragmented. Dental sockets circular; equal to or more than 50% of the width. At least one socket on DP as depression or perforation without septum. Teeth spine-shaped. Teeth on DP arranged as covering the entire dental plate evenly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B36036E04237627DD4EAFE3EFEC1FE44" blockId="21.[188,1399,438,500]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">VERTEBRAE. Vertebrae hourglass-shaped (streptospondylous); beyond segment 5 with short keel; without oral bridge.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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