1009 lines
108 KiB
XML
1009 lines
108 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="33476" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.27.5523" ID-PMC="PMC3821098" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-27-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFDAFFE9F644FF98FFF02D6FFFE2FFBE" ID-PubMed="24223490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576177" ModsDocID="1314-2003-27-1" checkinTime="1451251831150" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Renner, Matt A. M., Devos, Nicolas, Patino, Jairo, Brown, Elizabeth A., Orme, Andrew, Elgey, Michael, Wilson, Trevor C., Gray, Lindsey J. & Konrat, Matt J. von" docDate="2013" docId="17CE3281526D5DA18672EA796E7A86EB" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 27: 1-113" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 27" docPubDate="2013-10-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.27.5523" docTitle="Radula strangulata Hook. f. et Taylor London Journal of Botany 5: 377. 1846." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FFDAFFE9F644FF98FFF02D6FFFE2FFBE" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="FFDAFFE9F644FF98FFF02D6FFFE2FFBE" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy resolves the cryptic and pseudo-cryptic Radula buccinifera complex (Porellales, Jungermanniopsida), including two reinstated and five new species" masterLastPageNumber="113" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1720465017125" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="16BEC4A1A44CF9C51CDC3E0680CD1B05" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D95A46C93B033B3ACB7974785AB89D9D">
|
||
<mods:title id="B9A63161C28829DD31B6A0B18102CB58">Integrative taxonomy resolves the cryptic and pseudo-cryptic Radula buccinifera complex (Porellales, Jungermanniopsida), including two reinstated and five new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="FB13A9873E8418C484EA27BF85AE9B2B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="644BA0FA0A6B1A4E61845BC061BFDED3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2ABF85605DDF29F9A0C5259AF5EFE53A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8B41EDC67A4114B9D956B7DCFC601B9F">Renner, Matt A. M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="028F8931A0EEBBE1912CA8A8D768A9CC">Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D9E05957B4C6F11FBC75DCE560AE8BCF" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="64D1D4C554E9D40E228C03293B39BA09">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DF4DE41551DF4C57A72AF90832208680">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5346CDF8997DF572434D59BEDCFA74CE">Devos, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="4F5B0E2719509372AE98A1631A527817">Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90388, Durham NC 27708, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="80C8C39CA259F2865714C424EFA4B0DE" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7435DA938C5FE4F94AA7D52205B17AA6">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DA435728B22BEDEA229A5CFA4739D7B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="ADEA2DB3636B0916D7094C231F570F73">Patino, Jairo</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="8409E6211415EA549D1C0988741BA20F">Institute of Botany, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="1CC0DFE3E47F01A29851FA25C11D8AA6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="086E6C5098948AF334550289A51A26EF">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D3661D7337CDF30F7217EF72CCE40216">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B4C497B65ADBE530501966FD65312E77">Brown, Elizabeth A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="2DEEECE11F28673EBB3B0010240DD041">Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="61A3074CD3A284CE227461FB89FFF943" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2AAAF459B56C2B37DD35DA793229FC61">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2389ED7B7E6B037A116FAC8AE7EBED77">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E1CDD76E1AD948C1AB7B76D3BFD818AA">Orme, Andrew</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="A0CC8F619637D4B34758747AA102DA6A">Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="78EFC6283367DCE49FFB07AE82E567A7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="09E459D9AEB3271D36ACF1482388C3FA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2F571645DC0CCC4969A9D545208B59C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F10085442ED6FC361E8A2FFB2D3B6681">Elgey, Michael</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="6026FFC83BF296857A1FAC4496F4B3EA">Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7DF98119F1F5D770DCC2DF11684EE472" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="974BD5CA16A7C9427F56C91242F1F05E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BB94A035944BA5AB9A72236A77104E92">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="16525490443ED44BF66C689FF6D6AAA1">Wilson, Trevor C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="FB1ABEF52FF4BE18203EBF358351F7E0">Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="6605DDE1B4633F84448667B2D7A02788" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8B3FDC0D8F5A1D80DF1313E6A677C615">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D1E0BCA2A16483C102BE99C4F53A4A79">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3F64DD291A1D3CEAFA87C82BBF41EFD3">Gray, Lindsey J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="EA5AC8BBD832077C6A2CC056D30488C1">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="842AF84F016524A9E1C41AEB8A48D971" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6B0404353A4E00780CFD4BCF5588AC17">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FE587B0670B29CCE44122C42122E016B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="21740AAADEB03B4549A34EDECA647541">Konrat, Matt J. von</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="F114E83EC8189BFA6DEAC587CC812D7D">The Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="B2106BEB76A209A325154D60FF696FDA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="E875A60224F3559E5BA46953F8574958" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="57A54AF4DB89D8D27926CFC89DEF883E">
|
||
<mods:title id="6563B3EABE10888E0EB4B48C1396A804">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="FAD2DA21EAAC30BBA3F0E40F3F58349C">
|
||
<mods:date id="87D1234ED847EF0CF28359757BF498E1">2013</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3E4A8DA413E41D0B254EF523EFC94229" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="F4454A465889F1265DD13DC290B28149">2013-10-30</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="5CEA1D4340484121D772A1DF14219777" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="71B8EA643868FA827DB684AEE9FCEBE1">27</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="F69EAE5BF5CB17F0AF897C83E80F7CF2" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="FCC6C4386207148C372D8E187B0C3E83">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="2925BF1EDCCC20BD3373DBB109743C82">113</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="4D3C5099B88DA604CC3E33A4B3F307CF">
|
||
<mods:url id="9198AC230C99F9BE119425F0C5E5294B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.27.5523</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="0AEB98AC51FE78F651ACCCD9F8271563">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="13D9E92FC3EFA9A787B540B11F6D6098" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.27.5523</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2EDA65B427926812424EC350FEB2C3B8" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-27-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="84C346437260990E85F70BD9BD7FD4E6" type="Pensoft-UUID">FFDAFFE9F644FF98FFF02D6FFFE2FFBE</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4DCB41A5C17D5467BCE1BFD9F1243898" type="Zenodo-Dep">576177</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="17CE3281526D5DA18672EA796E7A86EB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182228981" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:17CE3281526D5DA18672EA796E7A86EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/17CE3281526D5DA18672EA796E7A86EB" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<subSubSection id="3E1F77C63EAE51934739C83F1B00FA14" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="F9C6715482852FA57D791501B1F0C511" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4066D6E7FC48A52B4F9890E8E2E9E00B" ID-CoL="7945M" LSID="17CE3281-526D-5DA1-8672-EA796E7A86EB" authority="Hook. f. et Taylor London Journal of Botany 5: 377. 1846." authorityName="Hook. f. et Taylor London Journal of Botany 5: 377. 1846." class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Radula strangulata" order="Porellales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">Radula strangulata Hook.f. et Taylor London Journal of Botany 5: 377. 1846.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation id="3D77BFE8EE8660D450556A806E08098B" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Radula strangulata line drawings 1. A Female bracts B Archegonium C Dorsal view of shoot D Perianth transverse section E Perianth F Ventral view of shoot G Cellular detail of stem perigynium wall H Perianth I Detail of perianth mouth. Scale bars: A, D: 240 µm. B, G: 60 µm, I: 40 µm. C, E, F, H: 600 µm. All from CHR 579214." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10452" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs 28</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="F75A1CD769C576DB2B34FB4E27175F1B" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Radula strangulata Pictures 2. A-D Perianths showing variation in size and shape associated with development A youngest D oldest and mature E-F ventral view of lobules on primary shoots illustrating more inter-individual variation in size and shape of lobules and leaf-lobes E NSW 896405 F NSW 895357. Others NSW 970841." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10456" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">-32</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9C0A6A900ED85B25D6461E7D1B9D674A" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="CBA04DC0C9D1C573F2409FD244EBBDD9" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31B3990EDBE4983BD6F125A0672AE7FE" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">Radula strangulata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Type: New Zealand:
|
||
<emphasis id="7A0CAF9EA9DA5C08D94DD9E7E919F42E" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">J.D. Hooker</emphasis>
|
||
, 1840, ex herb Taylor (holotype: FH00258850! isotypes: ex herb. Lehmann S-B43503! S-B43504! S-B43505!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B1F6F8DED7A232DCA3B720E7D8EAAB0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA4CFE6A9C2627F8FF3245D093376899" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="levieri">Radula levieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
Steph. Species Hepaticarum. 4: 227. 1910.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A1048FE1B38E0AD8600D15EE9207C4E" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A426E528D595E73D42D1C618F8FFA9" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">Radula strangulata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Type: New Zealand: damp forest, Westland,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1C86C89DA1AE1B139046DD1386BCAECE" originalValue="Kelly’s">Kelly's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Range, Perry Ridge, 1903, leg.
|
||
<emphasis id="31A8D9C8364CC14C6B6A2621622AB94B" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">T.W.N. Beckett 298</emphasis>
|
||
ex Hb. Levier No. 4612 in Hb. Steph. (lectotype (designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B1E20F41CF209B88165FC31C833283CB" author="Castle, H" journalOrPublisher="Revue Bryologique et Lichenologique" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B155" refString="Castle, H, 1967. A revision of the genus Radula. Part II. Subgenus Acroradula. Section 11. Complanatae. Revue Bryologique et Lichenologique 35: 1 - 94" title="A revision of the genus Radula. Part II. Subgenus Acroradula. Section 11. Complanatae." volume="35" year="1967">Castle 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 74): G00067466!)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C834A3AF0E6D4A14CE0551DCF8CB16CE" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F432386123B0E41D44F86518CDBD323" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="silvosa">Radula silvosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
E.A.Hodgs. et K.W.Allison in Hodgson, Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 74: 286. 1944.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77D6FEDD2EAB0708D97D478B93E6080" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4570FAA3C2DB239BEC5EEF1E04D6807F" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">Radula strangulata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Type: New Zealand: Te Tiki Station, Wairoa ca. 1500 ft, No.24766 P.R.B. Herb. (holotype: MPN!)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B4A3C48520E5066B1BC466262B7E77E5" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="856FA937F65F3893043DCD6C93B8D460" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="parviretis">Radula parviretis</taxonomicName>
|
||
E.A.Hodgs. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand. Botany 3: 87. 1965.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B87189BE4FAB3441666C10B44F58224A" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EA3970E5CA03CAF3022FC4EA65F5B0F" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">Radula strangulata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Type: New Zealand: Rakiura [Stewart Island]: landing for Tin Range, Port Pegasus, 10 Jan 1949,
|
||
<emphasis id="D13A54E0CC3ABC4A5FD68D5BF5DA724C" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">W. Martin</emphasis>
|
||
, herb. Hodgson 9746. (holotype: MPN!)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88C8EC50E5645DF243374FDF7E7A6CCE" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="57420D1994DD86341D95EBFE992AD9F0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CCF9EB67E66ED2A14B430721A9ED5D19" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
[From CHR579214] Forming interwoven mats of shoots, glaucous yellow-green to brown-green in life, brown in herbarium; shoot systems regularly pinnately branched in male plants and sterile female plants, but pseudodichotomous in fertile female plants due to production of pairs of subfloral innovations below gynoecia, monomorphic, 1.0-2.0 mm wide and up to 40 mm long, branches initially smaller in stature than parent shoot and attaining similar stature by third to fifth pair of leaves; older shoot sectors retaining leaf-lobes. Stems 115-175
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6638BB57BC412D550E6CF5DCD11362F1" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter, with cortical cells in a single tier of 16-25 rows, cell walls yellow-brown to brown pigmented, external free cortical cell wall heavily and continuously thickened, radial longitudinal walls thin, inner tangential walls thin or continuously thickened; medulla cells in 18-35 rows, cell walls yellow-brown pigmented, sometimes deepening to brown pigmented on old shoot sectors, cell walls with small triangular trigones, walls between trigones lacking thickenings. Cortical cells on dorsal stem surface arranged in straight longitudinal rows on young and mature shoot sectors. Leaf insertion not reaching dorsal stem mid-line, leaving four or five dorsal cortical cell rows leaf-free; leaf insertion not attaining the ventral stem mid-line, leaving two or three ventral cortical cell rows leaf-free. Leaf lobes elliptic-ovate, 550-1050
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0460ADFE50E1DC8049F81D1D3A961481" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long by 400-830
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B5B98C34F0C1C1B57DD63396E5B915A9" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, remote to contiguous, not falcate, acroscopic base not sharply deflexed away from stem, flat, lying in plane with stem, not interlocking over the dorsal stem surface, stem visible between leaf lobes in dorsal view; margins irregularly but minutely repand, minutely crenulate, the interior lobe margin not or at most shallowly ampliate, hardly covering the dorsal stem surface and not reaching the opposite stem margin, antical margin curved, exterior margin curved through nearly 100°, postical margin straight; angle between postical lobe margin and keel c. 135°. Lobules quadrate when small to oblong, one twelfth to one sixth the lobe area, 270-490
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C10DF608BA9E2DE2ED7A25AF2F6CE94C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long by 140-270
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C91A656E117516D807DB61EF66B236AE" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide; keel straight to shallowly arched, angle between keel and stem 135-150°, keel turning through 90° at keel-lobe junction, keel apex and postical lobe margin flush; interior lobule margin free for one fifth to one quarter its length, free portion not ampliate in small stature lobules to moderately ampliate on large lobules, extending at most half way across the ventral stem surface; acroscopic margin S-shaped, apical portion perpendicular to stem; apex obtuse to apiculate; free exterior margin straight, margins plane, crenulated; lobe-lobule junction well postical to the acroscopic end of stem insertion; attached to stem along 0.75 to 0.8 of the interior margin, stem insertion more or less straight, not curved at acroscopic or basiscopic ends, not revolute; lobule apex bearing a single
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="DC9ADFA025FE2E8DC73BC8DB13B9324A" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="start">papilla</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, with another two papilla situated on the interior lobule margin above the stem insertion. Leaf lobe cells rounded-oblong, not arranged in rows, unequally sized, 10-25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0BC21930E5E90E50EDBEFA2B7FE42F17" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long by 9-19
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CCA686B75AF26E48ACA6BB59524EAC67" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, thin walled with small triangular trigones, medial wall thickenings absent; cells of lobe margin smaller than those of leaf middle, quadrate to rectangular, 9-15
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BFB1331D5C78374197FB5B3C60F674DB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and wide, interior and exterior cell walls not differential thickened, cell lumen bulging medially; leaf lobe cell surface unornamented, smooth. Oil-bodies two or three per cell, ellipsoidal, filling cell lumen, light-brown, surface granular, internally homogeneous or with a hyaline droplet. Asexual reproduction usually absent, however two specimens have been observed producing bud-like shoot primordia from leaf lobe margins. Dioicous. Androecia on indeterminate branches that continue vegetative or reproductive growth, androecial bracts in 4-∞ pairs, lobules epistatic, keel deeply curved, bucket-like, free apical portion triangular, apex obtuse, moderately deflexed, lobes rounded, not caducous, antheridia not seen. Gynoecia terminal on leading shoots, subtended by two full subfloral innovations that are usually full-sized and again fertile; archegonia 130-155
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A42F9B6514FA56490A38D64AA9C99D7C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
tall, archegonia neck five or six cell columns, 6-8 per gynoecium on a small disc of tissue, not encompassed by the protoperianth; female bracts in one pair, slightly asymmetrical, tightly imbricate, elliptic-ovate, weakly falcate, lobe 840-1015
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E57942D80D6D29DB80393B717876F9EA" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long by 460-545
|
||
<normalizedToken id="025615D828E625F770F56EBBC4AAE58C" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, margins entire; lobules rhomboid to trullate, one quarter to one half the lobe area, apex acute to acuminate, keel straight to arched, margins entire; bract insertion lines interlocking dorsally and ventrally, insertion equitant. Perianths 3200-3800
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B0910EAD9BBE69137C30DED63589774D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 840-980
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2E6371187443ECAC8B07C5187E875E72" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
at mouth, mouth entire to irregularly lobed, perianth shape variable, either broadening from mouth to widest point at approximately one third to one half length above base, where 850-950
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F7C000BC4935BDA5455D4A7B6BFE3C34" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, then tapering to base, or tapering from mouth to base; perianth walls unistratose above, with bistratose collar 3 or 4 cell tiers high above the perianth-calyptra junction; long stem perigynium present, 5-6 stratose, cell walls not thickened or pigmented, perianth-calyptra fusion elevated above female bracts on 9-15 tiers of cells; calyptral perigynium present, base of calyptra bistratose, unistratose above, unfertilised archegonia elevated on surface of calyptra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="3190B804690897ACCDCA95B4D7EA45C2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10452" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
|
||
<paragraph id="66B8CC963340DDDC909BA6C5621E3DFB" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5F6F047D7746C08B35861F19425647A" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figure 28.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B267D0764BFE416BECD75F392DA1B12" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="969BB1B47681B8E524EBBB6B8909A9E7" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
line drawings 1.
|
||
<emphasis id="84CB37B83C33E91176E7990F16B7F5D3" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A</emphasis>
|
||
Female bracts
|
||
<emphasis id="9651BE4105980A904C451DEAB3D32F48" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
|
||
Archegonium
|
||
<emphasis id="B5C1C7A1588F21758C69A563BBB0A22D" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of shoot
|
||
<emphasis id="C229D8A1C58013880E060363583B4753" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
|
||
Perianth transverse section
|
||
<emphasis id="54268CAABC22F5EA60FB37D280F81FB3" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">E</emphasis>
|
||
Perianth
|
||
<emphasis id="042AA932BFF540505B9050EE228F2CCE" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">F</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of shoot
|
||
<emphasis id="7DAC480DE2363F6D9D53BDDA266DF160" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G</emphasis>
|
||
Cellular detail of stem perigynium wall
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB7E42E26FEA611982ACB9D5A48798E" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">H</emphasis>
|
||
Perianth
|
||
<emphasis id="7F8B3B93B19AB5F4705961EE91BED725" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">I</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of perianth mouth. Scale bars:
|
||
<emphasis id="723CC8845263FA298CAD9884BE5B5380" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A, D</emphasis>
|
||
: 240
|
||
<normalizedToken id="21964D9D288351C1CF79D7A2A0304B23" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="768A0B4A5685F6A3FFF868C924BE5635" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B, G</emphasis>
|
||
: 60
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F1929145EF1FA0D81B6CE8F3B3868A80" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="EA5AFD0D488B81680D96932247A8249F" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">I</emphasis>
|
||
: 40
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E5019E58C8DB219E3A18FB46253B711C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="3B89CB7FA6A5B345EAAECA329C282BE0" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C, E, F, H</emphasis>
|
||
: 600
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3DD413A2B5982B1CFFD588C44BD36059" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. All from CHR579214.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C58AAFDEE04E082C92E6CA3C57BD780F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10453" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="Figure 29" startId="F29">
|
||
<paragraph id="B40C6C7D71F37F1B865859C39C467BFC" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="21DF34FE6858C0F042F674D634BC84E1" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figure 29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="031E0088127424A590E03E377411C0FF" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6A4910D1D5D0355A2D0E97F12CC7AC44" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
line drawings 2.
|
||
<emphasis id="A64CBC0DD5EA37FAC97C367824058C3B" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A</emphasis>
|
||
Five lobules from secondary shoot, showing variation in size and shape
|
||
<emphasis id="A30D5AE97D73349610146D6A33CAF2B2" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
|
||
Five lobules from primary shoot showing variation in size and shape
|
||
<emphasis id="5580C553E26E013BD30B35ACC3F8CD15" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of interior free lobule margin
|
||
<emphasis id="4524DA7E24F53817CD7F6DCE84CB6461" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of lobule apex
|
||
<emphasis id="85554C6605FA4770BB82FF27C8922023" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">E</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of male shoot
|
||
<emphasis id="675030A99ACA54A8FFAAE3C4A618F9E5" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">F</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of leaf-lobe marginal cells
|
||
<emphasis id="4960ED39D9DE2E8FCEC2BCC0694EB636" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of leaf-lobe medial cells
|
||
<emphasis id="533476F0BF449CF67EA605C3727BB90F" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">H</emphasis>
|
||
Cellular detail of junction between stem perigynium, perianth wall, (at right) and calyptral perigynium (at left)
|
||
<emphasis id="3B81CF4A8D2744FF65B21D818EA6888F" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">I</emphasis>
|
||
Transverse section of stem from primary shoot
|
||
<emphasis id="C7724DD8FB302AB45039AE6CC612B63F" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">J</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal stem surface showing leaf insertion lines not attaining the dorsal stem mid-line, leaving a dorsal leaf-free strip four or five cell rows wide. Scale bars: E: 600
|
||
<normalizedToken id="58E85AE597468526011E98EA3EF5AD66" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="908A8933FDC791BAF1F17E0B97F2F461" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A-B</emphasis>
|
||
: 240
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8513FAF77A7C237E63C719D0869D1BDC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C1F6A2722C75A04CE1544C869CBA9207" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C-D, J</emphasis>
|
||
: 60
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CE9F6BF581A5206C4198142A35B71232" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="EA724D76B4E8B0C39B50397592A875DD" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">F, G, H, I</emphasis>
|
||
: 40
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3722EB9719000CEA6156CEA6F88BA5DF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B4472F973659AF5BC5D115F6EA68F4F1" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">E</emphasis>
|
||
from NSW896412. All others from CHR579214.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="AAD80FE366618108176622A76E5BB64B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10454" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="Figure 30" startId="F30">
|
||
<paragraph id="51001571D75E3AF46808279804028FE3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA06BF905B41F61828BB8DD6A6072D38" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figure 30.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA1855AE13A78A63A138074BB8F60857" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3064F5581EE11D2FCCEE546802379B12" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
line drawings 3.
|
||
<emphasis id="F642DBBB78272D58A2E830BF2609D9E5" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A</emphasis>
|
||
Cellular detail of leaf-lobe margin
|
||
<emphasis id="B6C8F0AD6386BA35A6FF2982CA1CE6D5" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of female shoot
|
||
<emphasis id="8ACD4AA8C94EB88F6E4311A9CA24D119" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
|
||
Transverse section of stem from primary shoot
|
||
<emphasis id="736CEE3DA8B759382E8CEA891103B55B" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of shoot
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C27C5149B2B501F268525B97EB9BD8" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">E</emphasis>
|
||
Cellular detail of lobule apes
|
||
<emphasis id="11606DDDB01E7FCA80650D8EC40ED12E" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">F</emphasis>
|
||
Cellular detail of lobule base
|
||
<emphasis id="DAABFDFB3C0D8C7C938E5CE73A7F7358" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G</emphasis>
|
||
A rangeof lobules
|
||
<emphasis id="7CD04A0FC3F6B7C60EF11AE005770C51" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">H</emphasis>
|
||
Female bracts
|
||
<emphasis id="A5459F265434F0B87E49BDE568470921" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">I</emphasis>
|
||
Archegonium
|
||
<emphasis id="FF0602B825421F95A608A86E49AF3939" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">J</emphasis>
|
||
Cellular detail of the perianth mouth
|
||
<emphasis id="3BF9C47248799C771D6AA304AE6A4771" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">K</emphasis>
|
||
Cellular detail of junction between stem perigynium, perianth wall (at right), and calyptral perigynium (at left)
|
||
<emphasis id="2F3D4DC1015FC09DED52F7B558234B13" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">L</emphasis>
|
||
Cellular detail of junction between stem perigynium, perianth wall, (at right) and calyptral perigynium (at left)
|
||
<emphasis id="8E457330BFB1DE7EF71469923F2224AB" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">M</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral stem surface
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF442E134C195FE76642E22476457A2" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">N</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal stem surface showing leaf insertion lines not attaining the dorsal stem mid-line, leaving a dorsal leaf-free strip four or five cell rows wide
|
||
<emphasis id="4D3AAAAB0CDD0B594A2121FD43F776D9" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">O</emphasis>
|
||
Perianth
|
||
<emphasis id="AECB57A36BC700A5CFA4ACEC15B707AF" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P</emphasis>
|
||
Perianth transverse section. Scale bars
|
||
<emphasis id="FFF9E024697A32FC04C82D4374E1F44C" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A, C, J-L</emphasis>
|
||
: 40
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1DF2C6EFE00895C5DB97208D89A0D9FE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="28DBA09772C4A5B354EC4D5DBF03430A" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B, D, O</emphasis>
|
||
: 600
|
||
<normalizedToken id="319D2E1E02E94E43D8E886DAF1F710C7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6E2CB2849F72B72FED805958F548CE48" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">E-F, I, M, N</emphasis>
|
||
: 60
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1F11EDC2951D2A2CF7220A2DF3B2BD58" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9D9E0CC1C61AF436B6F88692F1272523" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G-H, P</emphasis>
|
||
: 240
|
||
<normalizedToken id="577B593ADC6BD2540BF0A73F00A5D870" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. All from NSW875811.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="984F9038B38BCF3D7295C1B0BFB68739" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10455" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="Figure 31" startId="F31">
|
||
<paragraph id="E98E2ABE53B29FD71731217BB7EE92C2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F741DEA6265CA0FF9A3F78AEAB6423B" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figure 31.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B53860FFDCF4F11C734BB3E2B59C6A7" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FD872F49D9F1934B0916188F80DAD15" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pictures 1.
|
||
<emphasis id="293E38D532351DA0477242B5F6DCE160" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A-B</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of shoots showing variation in size, leaf-lobe spacing and colour between individuals
|
||
<emphasis id="E355E6A280D5BFFAD8CFC46385F2386A" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C-D</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of lobules on primary shoots showing variation in size and shape between individuals
|
||
<emphasis id="C08FD7E1A53A1628D7F2B92A20070E8C" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">E</emphasis>
|
||
Gynoecium
|
||
<emphasis id="57EB11C1261D135D492825017E799E6E" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">F</emphasis>
|
||
Androecium
|
||
<emphasis id="915F31B0407C47F13D3C503759EFA14D" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G</emphasis>
|
||
Transverse sections of stems from primary shoot
|
||
<emphasis id="7F63E31214DB61AE183D0878A6211643" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">H</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf-lobe marginal cells.
|
||
<emphasis id="B7BA050DD9AD7658C9F2D1FE2D2041AC" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B, D</emphasis>
|
||
: NSW909416,
|
||
<emphasis id="2684C567743ECD7D701F54947D90915D" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">F</emphasis>
|
||
NSW896405, others: NSW970841.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7F2F180A76853487E3F2F18EA5079462" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10456" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="Figure 32" startId="F32">
|
||
<paragraph id="02A7CCCFFF7DA7F10AEC5B5F69622FA8" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="112640E1EEDE7AE708CD8159712C5070" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figure 32.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2B96E82A17385A74147CCDB8C82392C" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A602C8C48CB0869AC2415E099B68A588" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pictures 2.
|
||
<emphasis id="1800B79233DEDF52D38B74008D22570F" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
Perianths showing variation in size and shape associated with development
|
||
<emphasis id="34689CB7861380E7D137120DE42CC462" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A</emphasis>
|
||
youngest
|
||
<emphasis id="2139B9150D49BF9F1E1983A1F3FE1AC8" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
|
||
oldest and mature
|
||
<emphasis id="835671F0B47F37F98874680A065CFEE3" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">E-F</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of lobules on primary shoots illustrating more inter-individual variation in size and shape of lobules and leaf-lobes
|
||
<emphasis id="8D804CB031EB042C8814292C08D14BB6" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">E</emphasis>
|
||
NSW896405
|
||
<emphasis id="4DCC0FE3AD367C7AE06EC61015B17959" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">F</emphasis>
|
||
NSW895357. Others NSW970841.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="24185B5CF2C0759170E682B448191AB9" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="0BD31A9CF66A9A4A0E8B8B23039E4B5D" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B771943276B20F5C9AD7AAE08A724B5E" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Strangulating, in reference to the entwining growth about a shoot of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1DE3BA8E7285AEDFDF29D9C71F7EDB0" authorityName="Dixon" authorityYear="1927" baseAuthorityName="Schwaegr." class="Trilobita" family="Weymouthiidae" genus="Weymouthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Agnostida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochlearifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="184CDFBC271C08E7AB4A7527773C552C" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Weymouthia cochlearifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibited by the type specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="438B12F33160570FA72ACC6541778CEA" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="485C827D1C377B2A5D30EBBE2D86822A" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="887DD4A8FCBF8DB98653C8907FA46475" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D4BF7D7A1BC876A1C057439CD7A94D8" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C4DB962F978C5FFB6E0E29ED2E534B8" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="5546F651EC8208BBE95C0CA8D0D11BCC" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="start">Radula</pageBreakToken>
|
||
strangulata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed throughout the New Zealand Botanical Region, from the Kermadec Islands in the north, throughout the North, South, and Stewart Islands, south to the Auckland and Campbell Islands, and east to the Chatham Islands.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BD900963E09D43A24FD2FD639E9A889" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D885BC24D786F8D23ECE93AF2771DC43" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies an elevational range from sea level to c. 800 mencompassing lowland to montane habitats, including coastal scrub, mature and regenerating lowland podocarp-broadleaf forest and beech forest on both sides of the main axial ranges in North and South Islands.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E629895269F6DEA04502F2CE981B502" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3CD712364C127C72E7954635E807BA8" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has a broad ecological amplitude, occupying a range of microsites from tree trunks and bases, exposed tree roots on the forest floor, to rotting logs, exposed clay on forest banks, dripping rocks adjacent to waterfalls, and on rocks within stream beds, sometimes under running water. In hyperhumid locations
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48DD703BD81A42996397741EC35EDD87" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="750BB7CFA4838D8DA4D2C9B13E4580D9" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may grow epiphyllously on fern fronds. This is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18BE6924ECA0F8245086C4EE8F4B1210" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E722573C7063E175CA1C7C28C68B2A4C" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in New Zealand commonly encountered growing aquatically, typically submerged on basaltic boulders within cool, clear, fast flowing streams. It is also the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5CCED7EEC517AF0AB4AACFC319C8CB5" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B28D97500BA48D1865B903E193BF166" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species encountered in suburban areas where it is opportunistic in a range of man-made habitats in suitably moist sites, for instance the surfaces of rotting wooden roof tiles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B2765979402A93CE852497BFDA70860" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F75B8C18EE5C5A319B58EF1C1A4758BE" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD7892DA9FA43F51D1DC0E418E9A3B" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most commonly collected species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6FAFA450234B2FDA4DE572345CB4F5F" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AA61A40EFC3D564FEE5621873E92E1B6" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in New Zealand, and despite this accessibility bias, is probably the most common species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="557C49F753103200E2C39CDF909D0318" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F024EF946C12B57C230E896E5761840" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in New Zealand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BFD5B3642ADA145305EC5A5566714DC2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
When growing on naked bark
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2A67FC4AA3884A5B79E8AE37D1D3FD1" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A5686279E3813A460370C7E8E7BE82E7" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms tightly adherent mats, and usually grows admixed with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E0E490CEA100788F0865665AB485FA2" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="allisonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1A91FA0BF31A470F0AD688E720E58C2" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula allisonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C168EA75B3445C5B1AE7D30E17B0780E" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="965F341972269FF2E6406EBD08F58DEA" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also grows in epiphytic turfs with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39D1A7F4913576BEA1347D06D1A720AC" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA3D7BF0FE11A1AAAD52C0516D6EBDE1" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D2128738034FF80EF7481587A8D6AFE" authorityName="M. A. M. Renner" authorityYear="2013" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E16234401ED95CC0B59653E71A7904EC" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53F59CAE5C953366DFF1CCC3964176B7" authorityName="Stephani" authorityYear="1890" baseAuthorityName="Hook. f. & Taylor" class="Hepaticae" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Archilejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="olivacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="52C0CD24EF3902E7052ED517D5F1D728" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Archilejeunea olivacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, various
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB2A7D2836C3CC5EC25C3910366DA0B" class="Hepaticae" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Cheilolejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58FC4AD03E8B48EA3862172B60C60D3C" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Cheilolejeunea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5995DEC255EA64EABAF4C74D5C920B1D" authorityName="B.C.J.Dumortier" authorityYear="1835" baseAuthorityName="Dumort." class="Hepaticae" family="Plagiochilaceae" genus="Plagiochila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E7DB6AE328B0EC8C0A0BDB45E794B391" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Plagiochila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. In terrestrial habitats and on rotting logs,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7BDF31E9062BA61E51EEF844364377A" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6F2E02F4C126B8C51DCDAEF714AE692E" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs with a wide variety of bryophytes, including the mosses
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C543DEF3A5E8090509029A65D67A36AD" authorityName="Enroth & S.He" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Hook.f. & Wilson" class="Bryopsida" family="Neckeraceae" genus="Pendulothecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Isobryales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="64454D43E23745440513E85AE47A5B1A" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pendulothecium punctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9250A62491A340ED8699BA62D34A84E4" authorityName="A.Jaeger" authorityYear="1878" baseAuthorityName="Mitt." class="Bryopsida" family="Echinodiaceae" genus="Echinodium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Hypnales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="umbrosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AE418B07155EE57B7CA048A9D3D2958" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Echinodium umbrosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01378289CEB7A9247CBF05C424E572AB" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1855" baseAuthorityName="Hedw." class="Bryopsida" family="Daltoniaceae" genus="Catharomnion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Hookeriales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="26BB10D7A991C217F9E7EDA08B4C427B" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Catharomnion ciliatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75998FBC67D67B3DE0B96D2BE095F6B6" authorityName="Hooker f. & Wilson" authorityYear="1854" class="Bryopsida" family="Fissidentaceae" genus="Fissidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Dicranales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="tenellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7E6693693D405FF266A9ED1E629782C6" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fissidens tenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="58EEC7B85FBE07871AAA4FCE66A223E4" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">australiensis</emphasis>
|
||
, and the liverworts
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DECCED6F085453CF35A80015B9DD4A38" authorityName="Schiffner" authorityYear="1910" class="Hepaticae" family="Geocalycaceae" genus="Heteroscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA834BA04F79C4B8C9037E09F169CEC8" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Heteroscyphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8776178EFF445FA9AD1A9BBA7560BCB7" authorityName="A.K.J.Corda" authorityYear="1829" class="Hepaticae" family="Geocalycaceae" genus="Chiloscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="589A809571B9AB39445E9614F39DDCA4" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Chiloscyphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC6BC88785FF50A72885CA216A0E945E" authorityName="Grolle" authorityYear="1961" class="Hepaticae" family="Geocalycaceae" genus="Saccogynidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15456E6B30CD709556280CA000EAEC1B" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Saccogynidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and many other species. On rocks and tree roots on the forest floor with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC5249DAB6E853FE09BD7FDAC19F03C" authorityName="Enroth & S.He" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Hook.f. & Wilson" class="Bryopsida" family="Neckeraceae" genus="Pendulothecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Isobryales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="13DB46FC3D2BD3B7F0F2B6F96EBA4F26" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pendulothecium oblongifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC4EAF739D76E34ABA13DD6E49EAFB0C" authorityName="Enroth & S.He" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Hook.f. & Wilson" class="Bryopsida" family="Neckeraceae" genus="Pendulothecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Isobryales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DA5384FA4FAB4C085F6CABBF3DFD1C" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pendulothecium punctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3119C9CC888B03D4154FF39FCF71CF63" authorityName="A. Evans ex Reimers" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Mitt." class="Hepaticae" family="Lepidoziaceae" genus="Acromastigum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="colensoanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F71957A7E126D756134170C0466621F2" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Acromastigum colensoanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92A16481D67639410BC53ECC76D20778" class="Hepaticae" family="Geocalycaceae" genus="Chiloscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="muricatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F30C07319119E6819702E4F143C74A9D" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Chiloscyphus muricatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="596B9DAEDD36ACD01425D1C3277E0579" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FFBA38180C40C589546ABC8725B9B77" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="954A15B37F474548F4E25EC14F22BDC7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE283D0F4F071060464AAFD9A4AA4176" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="11C01A727744C57A3F003D4F97B97154" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26D4548B247A0F80499F39E2C1BDEF10" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="AF644491FC93A19AB7EB724E8C2D29E3" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a broad amplitude of morphological variation, as might be expected from the diverse array of habitats occupied by this species. This, in conjunction with the relatively deep phylogenetic divergences between groups of individuals suggests
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DF85B29AD084FD3A84389DD6C2689D5" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4AF0A1BBA3C7B63AB15562B06C063AB" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as circumscribed here, could well be a complex of weakly morphologically differentiated sister species. Variation in gametophyte morphology appears at least partly correlated with moisture regime of the occupied microsite. Plants growing in dry habitats and microsites have contiguous to imbricate leaf lobes, small rhomboid lobules, and are glaucous green. The origin of this glaucous colouration is not known, however it is not due to cell surface ornamentation. The type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0F218C94F55DA2CFBF65D7B0B7D3A37" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="silvosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8518F84799372AC8761B7914AA376D9" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula silvosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typical of plants growing in dry sites. Plants growing at the wet end of the moisture spectrum have remote leaf lobes, large rectangular lobules with a well developed ampliate interior margin when large, and are dark green. The type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE2F0FE79598E5A77B88A4B151F3026B" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="levieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="F07D0DC7E7F3FB8AD6F53F7C51A634D0" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula levieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typical of plants from wet sites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="610FE8612338D3AFC04948F7639A651F" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Part of the justification presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62225A52C006E4C94D1305FC1463573F" author="Hodgson, EA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="273 - 287" refId="B51" refString="Hodgson, EA, 1944. New Zealand Hepaticae (Liverworts).-IV. A review of the New Zealand species of the genus Radula. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 74: 273 - 287" title="New Zealand Hepaticae (Liverworts). - IV. A review of the New Zealand species of the genus Radula." volume="74" year="1944">Hodgson (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3EA1784756A5164789C46C27AD38FB28" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="silvosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EC47DE9559F6F2FB5A842CF561B85E3" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula silvosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was that the perianths abruptly inflated above a tubular base, as opposed to gradually narrowed from mouth to base in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F94C442B13C22BB004E7D0071E2CF867" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="levieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD008AD949D16497537D12ABA2CCACBF" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula levieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a species she accepted). The former feature is apparent in juvenile perianths, but is lost as the stem perigynium subtending the perianthium grows and matures prior to eruption of the sporophyte from the calyptra. All perianths we have seen wherein the sporophyte has ruptured are gradually tapered from apex to base. In addition to developmental changes in perianth shape, perianth length at maturity varies, and this variation is positively correlated with capsule valve length (
|
||
<emphasis id="EF14138E48025563A666BEA2B4E9D568" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">R</emphasis>
|
||
2=0.368,
|
||
<emphasis id="59F0A00B980A22E62F36232471FCA738" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">F</emphasis>
|
||
(1, 22)=12.81,
|
||
<emphasis id="26010A7BCD440FB951FEE2420F4C2AC4" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P</emphasis>
|
||
=0.0017) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1F6B1C4994AAF69AF73805F1EF0ED24" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Scatterplot of perianth vs capsule valve length in three individuals of Radula strangulata from New Zealand. The red line shows the regression slope from the general linear model explaining the relationship between the two variables." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10457" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="45D0C2E57CD0D078893A07816B542258" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10457" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 33" startId="F33">
|
||
<paragraph id="63CE278CEDF2E687517AB40D2BC817A0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D55A5C374497CE84B03A06734F02BF4" bold="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figure 33.</emphasis>
|
||
Scatterplot of perianth vs capsule valve length in three individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397DC060C1B81E6AED3BEF8FB4023C2" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="317019438E6E7107EB2108CC14C94A1D" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from New Zealand. The red line shows the regression slope from the general linear model explaining the relationship between the two variables.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90BD5D3F452B2E88FD196572BB868B56" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="recognition">
|
||
<paragraph id="4D9AE6200CB0198D1B15A785C6AB9C86" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Recognition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F50D62C8468AA38648124A09D2721623" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Despite the variability exhibited by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70AA6A071982D3158FE0A7F1152AE387" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BC5D2F8B1C2F050BD916B3CE58C4638" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="0DBE0CFCD4A335C4AC14B77019F89CE4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" start="start">Radula</pageBreakToken>
|
||
strangulata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this species is relatively easy to recognize.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3D6F1C07684FBB16C9D66D0467A77D7" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1512CC1BA0F921D387012ADC4E8FC2E" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits forest interiors, frequently in microsites on or close to the forest floor, and often in relative shade. The other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4ECCDCDACE4B6732653060EFB32FB5D" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="buccinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="62B94D777E6E0B6A8F2EE62C2D4D3341" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula buccinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex with which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E0B1ACC11BDBB0343810F6C450BA18" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="9222FD2BFEFEBBA091C3DB1332118252" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be confused on morphological grounds occupy quite different microsites.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F81D51A9414DC6512A7ED025AFE12E4" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="australiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BE3ECE4F1BD81F80B076DE9E6937356" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula australiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits subalpine and alpine habitats typically dominated by shrubland, tussockland or grassland, and almost always above tree-line. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0047D7D9720F743E08EE65E19A91855" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BFDDFE12A71A2D61F40BE48705745BC" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD9C83EAF4A064ED76B45954AB8EC7" authorityName="M. A. M. Renner" authorityYear="2013" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AB473813072D931A0A5CAF4B558BB8F" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a forest inhabitant, but is typically an epiphyte on tree trunks, branches, twigs and occasionally leaves, in reasonable light. When fresh, plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72DE9BF875C97B4E0D464A58785ECE00" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6E29F1E21B17D3D2C51D2FF09750BBAF" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
growing in relatively dry microsites have a distinct glaucous bloom. This is a distinctive character that, in combination with microsite can facilitate identification in the field. However, not all plants are glaucous, and microsite differences from other members of the complex are not absolute.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E9F8442FA5C8BB62164CCB85BCD33623" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The most accessible morphological character by which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E259A1ACB79E50B4DFEF36295DF778" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EF60BD201A22453AACEFA2F0D91936A" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A46D98418337DF8C481B01B225375835" authorityName="M. A. M. Renner" authorityYear="2013" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="50F9276CB3B1463BD2162CF9056111DF" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the orientation of the leaf lobes. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22942C49D4B8050E32B2B6B1364CF56A" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="410866FE6DE3B949AB73375BED77CC05" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the leaves lay in plane and alongside the stem, such that the dorsal stem surface is at least partially visible from above. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9754B4D0170833EE5DE41CE2AD7DF4A" authorityName="M. A. M. Renner" authorityYear="2013" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB40923DEB95A89220560E45EDA40646" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the leaves are obliquely-patent, and spread upward away from the stem and overlap one another across the dorsal stem surface, such that the dorsal stem surface is not usually visible from above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="21C9093AAA5FFAA9A2F2E11AAFF0DD55" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
If this character proves ambiguous, lobule shape is a source of diagnostic differences.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5670386DF0177A995190DE5B93F94E4E" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="8B06C00B279B62236BB8294E76FDEADC" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has lobules with a straight keel, and the carinal region is a weakly inflated mound set back from the keel. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54BC6CFB7EE57E3EEEB6A7B8CEC4BD60" authorityName="M. A. M. Renner" authorityYear="2013" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="72CB53F24A66D97181DF9DDC664513C5" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically has a curved keel, and the carinal region is strongly inflated along the length of the keel.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="058C7E29C88406E767103A9F57F2C815" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7391EB644780405FDD597C3EE1FE1B1D" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
expresses a range of lobule morphologies within a single population, from small rhomboidal lobules to large rectangular lobules. In rhomboidal lobules the apex lies close to the stem, and the exterior margin is noticeably inclined toward the stem and the exterior margin is straight. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F53D0106B1AC9953DE15523AC54D7027" authorityName="M. A. M. Renner" authorityYear="2013" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="3B3169A08C49EE6070BC5DF6CD78D061" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lobule morphology is more conservative, with the smallest lobules being approximately quadrate such that the apex is closer to the keel apex, and the exterior margin is not noticeably inclined toward the stem. The exterior margin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D54BFB4E36914A017A7B87E375C7EBF0" authorityName="M. A. M. Renner" authorityYear="2013" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="F54EB16CBBAAE9A0CD995DDD3933B173" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is curved. Another useful difference is found in the junction of the lobule and the lobe. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F27C4A778198BACF6B66B709ACD8A965" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6245767B58E8062FA3175B4EDE8CEAD" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this junction forms a simple angle of c. 135°, and the postical lobe margin then continues perpendicular to the stem in a straight line. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C88E33F9451F06F6DF5F69907F3750AD" authorityName="M. A. M. Renner" authorityYear="2013" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="064BDB1CB0FF2A2C5467999E10762011" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this junction forms a notch, and the postical margin is weakly to strongly falcate, and curved. Diagnostic differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C67D3CB6977DA4EE611519AB20BD348" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="288E7BBD59EC4DC55AF5F69BDFB7B881" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45CE5E0C5FFB30F575C315D1ED68D4C8" authorityName="M. A. M. Renner" authorityYear="2013" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="72BBFD9A238BC90F75EFF8F1CD378413" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be derived by counting the number of rows of dorsal cortical cells that are not crossed by the leaf insertion lines. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91A068ECAC4A7C3B0DA1F51AE345FA27" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B279F54A406357A81781FF8571CF7E7B" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2-5 rows are leaf-free, whereas no rows are leaf free in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E593B3BB74A729ECADBB06C04BCAECA6" authorityName="M. A. M. Renner" authorityYear="2013" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="57286D83F0FF3571CDF0E1311F218E7B" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Radula demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="19BEFCB11A3A99D51FE9A9080F02737A" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA89F345438E8F34C082E8E71BA7222" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0E70203A2A7FCAE91DD71C17D8011D44" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="61E1D3159C11561BBBFA888B7BF895CE" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" start="start">Radula</pageBreakToken>
|
||
strangulata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been confused with two other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CB4B096003944B04BBC552AB135647D" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5B9EB5BE302B79844AD6EE6DC32AD17" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26AEAA8CCD5F84B57F62A4A0929E6F28" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="australiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="F00B741349BEFF08810BCBF4D70556BD" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula australiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24D694676C8E7F0333B24CA2F2B8BB0E" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="buccinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BFB6F4269981D9F7C8896718F6F291D" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula buccinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As noted above
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0351728419ABAD789799E9D7CD567631" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="australiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C910F4DD5D45814BFD5287F7EB27D0D0" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula australiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is primarily an alpine species. Lobule shape provides the best morphological differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FB879AD81CE7E8EB887F32CB5A14F45" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFC6BB5822A18CE7B4511FA80183808" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CF633D7F0C783422C99919E218DE936" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="australiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE94F8EC6031E8E0400EA6BE3103DEA9" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula australiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Whereas the lobules in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9AB7F031EBF244DD385417FB3AB773E" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="27CE072B6134621C199161376FFFAC79" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rhomboid to longitudinally rectangular, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42105B64EF005BB3E7448221E464CE92" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="australiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAC73A82891854C9B79AB0E967E3EA5D" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula australiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are more or less quadrate. Lobules in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3660BDACB0E32FA7D5871905AB957AA0" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="australiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FFCA66069F859F6F0DCBEEAF8D8D4FB3" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula australiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are typically larger in comparison to the lobe size than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3EC8DA97B3DEEBC19AF1AD710B91A0E4" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6A5D58157C44F54452CFFF815A1550BC" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and may be up to one quarter the lobe area. The lobule keel and its junction with the leaf lobe also differentiate these two species. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="25D7A09F3FB95589990AC1859E86C151" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E74B92606740597075D66A252EDE1B17" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the keel is straight, and forms an angle of c. 135° at the junction with the lobe, the postical lobe margin then continues perpendicular to the stem in a straight line. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D27354F141E7595520054DB68745A04A" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="australiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DBE4296BD312C1F235084DCA48FED53" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula australiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the keel is curved, and continues evenly into the rounded outline of the leaf without forming a notch or angle at the junction. Diagnostic differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA54888B40FFEC7E253D83CE666FE735" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC5510D549E0E66BB1ED9FFEC5EAB699" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A601DA96676121E3DF7F7E503507489D" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="australiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B3D98BE0917E21790E4528CF7902B60" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula australiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can again be derived by counting the number of rows of dorsal cortical cells that are not crossed by the leaf insertion lines. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF523CEAB5F4ADCA4215E15F256A34E8" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BC52A24B3F35CA2510764DB18DA1BC3F" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2-5 rows are leaf-free, whereas no rows are leaf free in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A373AFD3B01356078F8FB208EB9F6CA7" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="australiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="42446F541A6491339DC15C4450441BCD" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula australiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7BCB2C04D6E0AB9CACE732B70124098" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
As far as is known,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F8A067B55438417BBE4F7C7AB64102C" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="buccinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B172AA0111980B867D5EE9130E1FFD73" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula buccinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not occur in New Zealand. However, it is always worth checking unusual plants against either of these species, particularly as the vagrant occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06D2F50F5A13FA71D322A13EA5882036" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="buccinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="8E47A1AD600AAA1CA12486361FEF7661" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula buccinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in New Zealand cannot be ruled out. The reverse is also true, and some aquatic forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D242EBFCDD1BCA66B35D99CEB0D83AB1" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="buccinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="F76D6BF467F39BB520D028CB0526610B" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula buccinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are difficult to differentiate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF4AABBDA40BF69CF33DC5068CB2922C" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCEF6765F757DBD5DE7E72EDA2DA4C2B" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and both species occur in Tasmania and south-east Australia. For guidance on separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2520A8B9315621819A64FF7D85AD327" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C0AA6C666511865991BBC149B68F4CA" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB021EC4669F9B71BC5BF0583BBD7F80" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="buccinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="73429106BED3ECDDBAC6D822F8285B05" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula buccinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see the recognition section of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B77F26177D9915D4D9F277A6871840F2" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="buccinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="D90AAB6B948974C1CDFFF7D9E181CF67" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula buccinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5DEA82EEDDE2B26BD296E7DAC66245CD" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB5BE592577ECDFC7FC9F294A801FAE" bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The variation in morphology exhibited by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21A3451218D2904B4E8131FBA656CA02" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C321E9CE5F3C8731EB5B330494207AF1" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to have encouraged the description of several species that we retain in synonymy. The type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7A972BB21A4F46EC9B3F9F955955A1B" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEDCFE58793339DD1D95ED53DFB7B975" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of small male plants on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1DD86B7103324906AF014B1330E46D2" authorityName="Dixon" authorityYear="1927" baseAuthorityName="Schwaegr." class="Trilobita" family="Weymouthiidae" genus="Weymouthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Agnostida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochlearifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="26E2AFDD6B18C8731B3E2C2F216E4B8C" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Weymouthia cochlearifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lobules on this individualrepresent only a part of the range of variation expressed by the species. The other end of lobule shape variation, having heavily ampliate lobule base extending over the ventral stem surface, is found in the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB6298F8779A5415F1FD953BBA7F6C94" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="levieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AC8B6E55A8482555102712C63E1E63C" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula levieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This specimen also has remote leaves and in these two characteristics corresponds to morphotypes associated with microsites that are permanently saturated. The type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34C4E65BE0F5CB77778D980E46955B5E" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="silvosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6B23590B119A7B3B0FE8C49076D9B26" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula silvosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses lobules of the same shape range as exhibited by the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C572CBB66364E18220C2DC30CCD56C5" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F789752AA1600B51F34ABA917B021DEE" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however the plants are larger and female.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F9BF75F7E3CEF3A5454206430B586A34" author="Hodgson, EA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="273 - 287" refId="B51" refString="Hodgson, EA, 1944. New Zealand Hepaticae (Liverworts).-IV. A review of the New Zealand species of the genus Radula. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 74: 273 - 287" title="New Zealand Hepaticae (Liverworts). - IV. A review of the New Zealand species of the genus Radula." volume="74" year="1944">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B1F747EA61BD87F6EAEEB6CE28527834" originalValue="Hodgson’s">Hodgson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1944)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
application of names is explained by her stated belief that the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BB964633FCE9B844A0962D6229881719" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D9A6BB2E599D5E8DDA7C1CE183CB51F" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the male plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABEA55419D97D8A3431C93BBCA09E56A" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="levieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0A09F143EBFC1DC70A0E22DC43A8AB3" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula levieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E7B3813EE8F893100640561BD105548" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="parviretis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B27B481A4A6DD43E84E18D0777F1CE06" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula parviretis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits variable leaf size on single shoots, reddish pigments, variable leaf cell size, and grows on peat. Variation in cell size within leaves is not atypical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC193C6D7EAF3C066164EA121585078" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FABDA437DEB9DC97FD56946A3CF6237" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The collections made on peat may reflect occupancy of a rarely explored habitat.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A42236C95DCA846EC0FEE5C5248363D" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="parviretis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A99260E76B0D32A141868F1A41E0B474" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula parviretis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from only two specimens, both from Port Pegasus on Rakiura (Stewart) Island. Reddish pigments are not known in other specimens of this species, and have not been observed in the field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CFEBF2818DDC461B23F8C57A5A07D97A" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The plants illustrated for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6749C6A918E30A5BD3D659974B1B5835" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="buccinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB6B0E132B93FAEBA94667E7F280D5C3" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula buccinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="058F03C9B12370C4DB53F53CD9EE0E6A" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="silvosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DEC01F885314C74466CF951F3CD242B" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula silvosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="459DC9F459F779FF275FBB26BD7CBB1D" author="Allison, KW" journalOrPublisher="Otago University Press, Dunedin" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="B154" refString="Allison, KW, Child, J, 1975. The liverworts of New Zealand. Otago University Press, Dunedin" title="The liverworts of New Zealand." year="1975">Allison and Child (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are actually both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40DF52161F88F10D04526E9FD2136CF3" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D7B997C4AAAA83AF85D192B4732DC7A" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The material illustrated for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8B507B9F5624E66BC47F4C956F7B7F" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="buccinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="222CBCA796C8F6419707206CED460538" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula buccinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
corresponds to a hygromorphic phenotype whereas the material illustrated for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="075A074FFF376256E633FD2E14433E58" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="silvosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BAADA4AB4F247E30943F18A26E06ED2" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula silvosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
corresponds with plants occupying drier microsites. Both drawings illustrate clearly how the dorsal stem surface is visible between the leaves, however as described above the perianth differences illustrated for these two species are misleading.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="157915FB1743177654D7C2CA7FA731D1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0EDBD50D4E0F3EAEB4999444EE0245C7" author="Hodgson, EA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="273 - 287" refId="B51" refString="Hodgson, EA, 1944. New Zealand Hepaticae (Liverworts).-IV. A review of the New Zealand species of the genus Radula. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 74: 273 - 287" title="New Zealand Hepaticae (Liverworts). - IV. A review of the New Zealand species of the genus Radula." volume="74" year="1944">Hodgson (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified a monoicous specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E687E6E5B21F2B62ABC695C220473F" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="silvosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B02AA91DCBA0842EB09D96556FA42327" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula silvosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected by N. Kemble Walsch. This specimen (CHR587344) contains a packet labeled 'perianth showing monoecious [sic]' containing three shoots two of which are male and one of which is female. If the female shoot was ever attached to either of the male shoots, it was not so attached at the time of this investigation. Although the apex of one of the male shoots is missing, the sequence of leaves suggests that the female shoot does not comprise that apex, as the male shoot ends with an entire right leaf, and the female shoot begins with a fragment of the same. Furthermore, the remainder of the specimen consists of shoots that are either male, or female, or sterile. There is no definite evidence that this specimen is not a mixture of a male and a female individuals, a common occurrence for this, and other dioicous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F295A96A32DC95A3A5D7ED9FC1C7606E" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5EF7B7C89A85B88709FF535522A14658" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A597065AC70FC822BC1A1080C6854B3" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="21C6375CB44F8F914212C84946E37DE3" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA187EBA421B946BED5B9A40919BF243" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="strangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="90AC8AFDA6F610B45F04E8C04AE1C69F" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Radula strangulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected by J.D. Hooker in 1840 held in herb. Taylor (FH) can be regarded as the holotype, as it is cited in the protologue, is the only collection in herb. Taylor, and there are no additional collections in herb. Hooker derived from the Erebus & Terror voyage in either FH or BM. Duplicates of this specimen in S can be considered isotypes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2DCE7D407276AF2D9F9623E317210BFE" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="74700DFFEE0390546B0F21C70D268B17" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="12CDF83D19784F30BC845AD4C64EE0A3" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
New Zealand: Kermadec Islands: Raoul Island, Ravine 8, Hebe Site,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1CB2FB12A77A6206ECAD1C607B9557E5" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-29.233334">29°14'0"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="62DFAC7F23AF00CB5FFC178B24AC22A7" degrees="177" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-177.93333">177°56'0"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 147 m, 9 May 2009,
|
||
<emphasis id="A68C84CA72A588BFFDE9F9D41B73E9D8" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="07F7BD714227D3A06029B7B9B3BE5A76" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" start="start">P</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.J. de Lange K373 & D.C. Havell
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, AK313880; North Island: Te Paki Ecological Region and District, Te Paki, Tomokanga, Tomokanga Stream,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B2686FB7FFD3AD2DC770F01A6DFD46B" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-34.416668">34°25'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8AF49C2FFD70C73BCCD587CD70C81DBE" degrees="172" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="172.95">172°57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 60 m, 22 Oct 2009,
|
||
<emphasis id="7444EF0586113B63D7902A71B3ACEFC3" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">P.J. de Lange 8503</emphasis>
|
||
, AK309079;Te Paki Ecological Region and District, Te Paki, Radar Bush,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FF49DBB2A5CEDF1EDF95F6FE25578B8B" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-34.4675">34°28'03"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="86D62312C34E1F973C291EC71472233F" degrees="172" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="172.85417">172°51'15"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 160 m, 19 Sep 2011,
|
||
<emphasis id="1680E234A03C969DEE5CB4255BA04FA8" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">P.J. de Lange NC14 & M.A.M. Renner</emphasis>
|
||
, NSW970841; North Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, Cascade track, mid reaches of Cascade Stream,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EAB90CB0BEEAEC5C2A7A12D997D06FA8" degrees="36" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-36.893612">36°53'37"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D74856FD0114F090A3468C0DA9ED9BC7" degrees="174" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="174.51889">174°31'08"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 124 m, 24 Feb 2012,
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D748A57EF88687FA1B8F567F8D9F47" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">M.A.M. Renner 6265</emphasis>
|
||
, NSW896405; Hauraki Gulf, Rakitu (Arid) Island, Reserve Valley,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A292A4D666DEB49AC02D4EDD2747E619" degrees="36" direction="south" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-36.116665">36°7'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="62A4E7135BB781274A85AB414C30CC01" degrees="175" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="175.5">175°30'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 100 m, 4 Jan 1981,
|
||
<emphasis id="F6B5C23254AA2C038CA463958EC5A091" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">E.K. Cameron 3</emphasis>
|
||
, AK312200; Coromandel Ecological Region, Colville Ecological District, Te Moehau, Moehau camp, track from Hope Stream,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="319EF697AE65F0A3B84387E82BF0CA62" degrees="36" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-36.55">36°33'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5230C560C5E1A1D8BE87FDF21002758D" degrees="175" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="175.4">175°24'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 580 m, 24 Nov 1971,
|
||
<emphasis id="C5E63D968436749851C0A482288AA21E" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">J.E. Braggins</emphasis>
|
||
, AK282576;Tainui Ecological Region, Raglan Ecological District, Te Akamu Waimai-Waikorea Road,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="03111462F121777141A6459AE8A0F809" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-37.633335">37°38'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="347BCB412B1DB198D2BB976C39F6BCF6" degrees="174" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="174.81667">174°49'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 20 m, 17 Feb 2009,
|
||
<emphasis id="A7381849AE82DBBCEC97EF41400A5494" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">P.J. de Lange 7813</emphasis>
|
||
, AK304757;
|
||
<emphasis id="CFB9D474A91A5261596D5702C8A1242C" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Colenso 2161</emphasis>
|
||
, ex herb. Hooker, NY01178967, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8440B738F52B41ED451A99ECA79C4F5B" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Porellales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="buccinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="86A8329272285D7E4DE6EB6170B712AD" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Radula buccinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Taylor; New Zealand,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB106CD1AE4297783BF27439641068C8" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stephenson</emphasis>
|
||
, NY0118968
|
||
<emphasis id="C8CC2C8E5C88647CA5CBCC8983205BBB" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">p.p.</emphasis>
|
||
; New Zealand,
|
||
<emphasis id="215542F5595C551905460FB269BEE90E" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Hutton & Kirk</emphasis>
|
||
, NY01178969; New Zealand,
|
||
<emphasis id="15FC902B34C79600786532EE0B81E229" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">J.D. Hooker</emphasis>
|
||
, NY01178970; Auckland Ecological Region, Waitakere Ecological District, Waitakere Range, Spraggs Bush,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FECAE62FD27AF7F21B1AB1063B9F27F1" degrees="36" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-36.916668">36°55'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ADBE6D6E82AE1BA28E28DF7C3252C1C6" degrees="174" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="174.53334">174°32'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 360 m, 4 Jan 2002,
|
||
<emphasis id="E2AEEE9C29D474DDDC88D9A79BA5870F" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">M.A.M. Renner 02/11</emphasis>
|
||
, AK280392; Tongariro Ecological Region and District, Whakapapa River at Dropshaft,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="700E115172A2F2257A85CCD065DC2E5C" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-39.133335">39°8'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F3AD4BE7AFF2B201B77D12C77D195A2" degrees="175" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="175.46666">175°28'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 700 m, 23 May 1989,
|
||
<emphasis id="3EDAF824559F9969979638062380BADF" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">J.E. Braggins 89/008B</emphasis>
|
||
, AK255891;North Island, Hawkes Bay, Morere Hotel, Morere, on treefern trunk in dense bush, 21 Aug 1964,
|
||
<emphasis id="709A244F7015593E2D0FB783A4164F04" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">R.E. Hatcher 3</emphasis>
|
||
, F;Otari Reserve, Wellington, April 1932,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C71A34FDF70E63EA1F8496BF079CCA0" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Miss N. Kemble Welch No. 3</emphasis>
|
||
, CHR587344; Otari Reserve, Wadestown, Wellington, 13 Apr 1969,
|
||
<emphasis id="D101A9CAAD27594A989B0011B241A775" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">B.G. Hamlin 1055</emphasis>
|
||
, WELT-H000470; South Island: Marlborough, Pelorus River catchment, head of Elvy Stream,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5FD3A7712CC26C879C0433C04987E66E" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-41.314445">41°18'52"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EEA7F0A32EC151A215449A7112537F84" degrees="173" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="173.57333">173°34'24"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 270 m, 12 Feb 2012,
|
||
<emphasis id="BC686E434D1292FC933859A9702A33CF" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">M.A.M. Renner 6082</emphasis>
|
||
, NSW895357; Nelson, The Grove Scenic Reserve, Golden Bay, Pohara,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B87D1C06F3E22D971B7E2C9C10F5853" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="53" value="-40.848053">40°50'53"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D699585394A73D67C7B7C1C84669B803" degrees="172" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="172.87029">172°52'13"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 55 m, 19 Feb 2012,
|
||
<emphasis id="89F605773B08E7502F397016D17836B0" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">M.A.M. Renner 6259</emphasis>
|
||
, NSW896393; Westland Land District, Croesus Track, Barrytown, 150 m, 9 Jun 1999,
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A9EFA40D90941BC921C78C8EF36A73" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">D. Glenny 7841</emphasis>
|
||
, CHR525056; Whataroa Ecological Region, Hokitika Ecological District, south of Lake Kaniere on SE side of Mt Upright and north of Styx River, on alpine fault,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="615EED5D7F2C2B332D5AD385EF81E6EF" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-42.866665">42°52'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E8F40FAB9AC95C87405436CD8ACB0BAE" degrees="171" direction="east" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="171.15">171°9'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 130 m, 26 Nov 1995,
|
||
<emphasis id="EF65CD542B2016A4856F659206D4AFBC" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">J.E. Braggins 95654C</emphasis>
|
||
, AK286375; Westland, Paparoa National Park, Fox River.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AB25CDF237E54E709CA26C23AB4F9229" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-42.040554">42°02'26"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6C5D84C01EABA9DF4520F2C900AA1085" degrees="171" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="171.39944">171°23'58"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 20 m, 18 Feb 2012,
|
||
<emphasis id="5B9A566A303F1357D6288D67D07789BE" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">M.A.M. Renner 6222</emphasis>
|
||
, NSW895673; Westland, Arthurs Pass, McGrath Stream, above road bridge,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D0941B8017BD90EF915609CC64769AC4" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-42.92889">42°55'44"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FDB55B2A32E5E0DE8BFE0E27EFF0DB76" degrees="171" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="171.5561">171°33'22"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 810 m, 14 Feb 2012,
|
||
<emphasis id="714F424DEFD7755E89BD20C5E1F39F02" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">M.A.M. Renner 6092</emphasis>
|
||
, NSW895367;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0F876ECBBC27CCE294EEFE58597783A8" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Australia: New South Wales: North Coast, Dorrigo National Park, west of Coffs Harbour,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5A2B00612AE0A8A1CE372A79271014D0" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-30.366667">30°22'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1E8EDA0163737520CB526FED085E6300" degrees="152" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="152.8">152°48'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 550 m, 14 Apr 2011,
|
||
<emphasis id="5B9ADC77FC4896C6D2C50896A59B815F" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">M.A.M. Renner 5265</emphasis>
|
||
, NSW875811; Tasmania: West Coast, Waratah-Savage River Road, Arthur River catchment, unnamed stream,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9D909C80A5525D7831A5FB419B4035AD" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-41.464447">41°27'52"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="99B3118AE9A4EAE27CEB7C1C688CFBD8" degrees="145" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="145.42389">145°25'26"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 490 m, 28 Jan 2012,
|
||
<emphasis id="44A78889F6B2F65AD77DA04975DB1166" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">M.A.M. Renner 6016 & E.A. Brown</emphasis>
|
||
, NSW909416.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |