324 lines
45 KiB
XML
324 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="533246F504B8658792CF1F0C6A0CCCCF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.204574" ID-GBIF-Dataset="14778eeb-ed13-45a9-9efa-a8fc9d53481c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="204574" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460323167589" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed & Arumugam, Preyan" docDate="2011" docId="1145847BFFB8FF8C6BD4FD91F51E79D0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02971p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2971" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cucumella triperforata Thandar & Arumugam, 2011, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="ED7CFC03FFBAFF8B6B43FF46F7297F6C" masterDocTitle="A new family within the holothuroid order Dactylochirotida with description of a new species from South Africa and comments on the dendrochirotid genus Neoamphicyclus Hickman, 1962 and the molpadid genus Cherbonniera Sibuet, 1974 (Echinodermata)" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="40" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698257035100" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4B7FE04C67F524AF6EF9319A96F38442">
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<mods:title id="D6C354E78C34945C18D3AB31154C70C1">A new family within the holothuroid order Dactylochirotida with description of a new species from South Africa and comments on the dendrochirotid genus Neoamphicyclus Hickman, 1962 and the molpadid genus Cherbonniera Sibuet, 1974 (Echinodermata)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="517796D15767BCA6B9A135D22A5BE73E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="198178BC81ABC149748EE7A45E771155">Thandar, Ahmed</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8FF5E8157B675251485CB0B1F5FD4C87" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FAB4722FB4266BB4AF0E685575B4AD00">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="067CCB2DD5AB39A213475657E8FF9878">Arumugam, Preyan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B8AF893E2884C08EB71A10A273FFDAE4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E2EF77DAB89ED2ACCB9042D35EC2BAE2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="EDD617178EFB5B2CE5413BE2FB631F05">
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<mods:date id="79C681E127674B37BFD75B47A1A8CCCC">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AE6D5761D2006013C02748B92A1D39C1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D89D50A7D7EAC62101DA4FB3AF121007">2971</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C0A908931558065706E84C9592BB465C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BE94D107F2280EE43F244FC2B4C93598" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.204574</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1E61F27FB16524CE97B6BFCF4896ED49" type="GBIF-Dataset">14778eeb-ed13-45a9-9efa-a8fc9d53481c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4E99DA86DC55549660ADB6F207F55729" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="636F3F823B834B5C3B4FED0CDD10A093" type="Zenodo-Dep">204574</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1145847BFFB8FF8C6BD4FD91F51E79D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3505025" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119402792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3505025" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1145847BFFB8FF8C6BD4FD91F51E79D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1145847BFFB8FF8C6BD4FD91F51E79D0" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="D1F666E6FFB8FF896BD4FD91F6DE7D9D" box="[151,503,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9953356DFFB8FF896BD4FD91F6DE7D9D" blockId="2.[151,503,727,753]" box="[151,503,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="C21B8201FFB8FF896BD4FD91F6DE7D9D" bold="true" box="[151,503,727,753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFB8FF896BD4FD91F6DE7D9D" bold="true" box="[151,503,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFB8FF896BD4FD91F6877D9D" box="[151,430,727,753]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triperforata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFB8FF896BD4FD91F6877D9D" bold="true" box="[151,430,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Cucumella triperforata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0AB5404FFB8FF896AF6FD91F6DE7D9D" box="[437,503,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D1F666E6FFB8FF896BD4FC58F23F7CCE" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9953356DFFB8FF896BD4FC58F23F7CCE" blockId="2.[151,1437,798,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFB8FF896BD4FC58F6387C5B" bold="true" box="[151,273,798,823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Small, U- to barrel-shaped dactylochirotid holothuroid with few sparsely distributed tube feet and 12 unequal tentacles with one or two conspicuously larger than the others. Calcareous ring simple, no posterior bifurcations/prolongations to radial plates. Body wall ossicles exclusively tables with trilobed, trilocular, smooth disc, and a solid spire of three fused pillars diverging in 2-(3) non-denticulate processes/teeth. Plates absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D1F666E6FFB8FF896B84FCE9F7C67C86" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="9953356DFFB8FF896B84FCE9F7C67C86" blockId="2.[151,1437,798,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFB8FF896B84FCE9F6677CAB" bold="true" box="[199,334,943,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific name is with reference to the exclusive trilocular table discs which characterize this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D1F666E6FFB8FF896B84FCB0F6C27B3A" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9953356DFFB8FF896B84FCB0F6C27B3A" blockId="2.[151,1437,798,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFB8FF896B84FCB0F6987B63" bold="true" box="[199,433,1014,1039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFB8FF896AFBFCB0F50A7B62" box="[440,547,1014,1038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, SAM-A28114, off Port St. Johns-East London area,
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<collectingCountry id="E1FB75FDFFB8FF896F38FCB0F2277B62" box="[1147,1294,1014,1038]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FCD853AAFFB8FF896E5AFCB0F2BE7B62" box="[1305,1431,1014,1038]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" precision="92" value="-32.476665">32° 28.6' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FCD853AAFFB8FF896BD4FB5CF63F7B5E" box="[151,278,1050,1074]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" precision="92" value="28.98">28° 58.8' E</geoCoordinate>
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, R.V. ‘Meiring Naude’, St. SM 226,
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<date id="ED5213ADFFB8FF8969F3FB5CF4027B5E" box="[688,811,1050,1074]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" value="1979-06-24">24.vi.1979</date>
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, 710–
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<quantity id="5E149888FFB8FF89682CFB5CF49E7B5E" box="[879,951,1050,1074]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="775.0">775 m</quantity>
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, Ƥ.
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<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFB8FF8968A5FB5DF37F7B5F" box="[998,1110,1051,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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, SAM-A28115, same data as
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<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFB8FF896BD4FB78F7D57B3A" box="[151,252,1086,1110]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, 7 spec (2 dissected).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D1F666E6FFB8FF8C6B84FB24F7C87E08" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9953356DFFB8FF896B84FB24F37C7A1A" blockId="2.[151,1437,798,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFB8FF896B84FB24F6CD7B17" bold="true" box="[199,484,1122,1147]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
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Description of
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<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFB8FF896A35FB25F6F67B17" box="[374,479,1123,1147]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Specimen (
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<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFB8FF896925FB24F5EB7B16" box="[614,706,1122,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1366,214,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1964]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cucumella triperforata n. sp. Holotype. A. tables from body wall; B. spires of tables; C. part of calcareous ring (ir = interradial plate; r = radial plate); D. holotype entire (an = anus; m = mouth); E. composite internal structure (diagrammatic) (t = tentacles; int = introvert with tentacles; r = radial plate of calcareous ring; rm = retractor muscle; oes = oesophagus; pv = Polian vesicle; sc = stone canal; g = gonad; lm = longitudinal muscle; rrt = right respiratory tree; c = cloaca; ap = anal papillae); F. tentacle arrangement of paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204575/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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D) small, female, distinctly U-shaped, length
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<quantity id="5E149888FFB8FF896F80FB24F22A7B16" box="[1219,1283,1122,1146]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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along ventral surface, breadth across mid-body
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<quantity id="5E149888FFB8FF896953FBC0F5417BF2" box="[528,616,1158,1182]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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. Preserved colouration off-white. Posterior end much narrower than anterior. Mouth and anus terminal, the latter surrounded by five unequal radial papillae of which two are conspicuously larger than the rest. Tentacles 12 (
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<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFB8FF896958FB88F5537B8A" box="[539,634,1230,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1366,214,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1964]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cucumella triperforata n. sp. Holotype. A. tables from body wall; B. spires of tables; C. part of calcareous ring (ir = interradial plate; r = radial plate); D. holotype entire (an = anus; m = mouth); E. composite internal structure (diagrammatic) (t = tentacles; int = introvert with tentacles; r = radial plate of calcareous ring; rm = retractor muscle; oes = oesophagus; pv = Polian vesicle; sc = stone canal; g = gonad; lm = longitudinal muscle; rrt = right respiratory tree; c = cloaca; ap = anal papillae); F. tentacle arrangement of paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204575/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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F), finger-shaped (digitate), retracted, of three sizes, two large (longer one
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<quantity id="5E149888FFB8FF896B85FBB4F6207A66" box="[198,265,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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, coiled), two of medium size and eight very small. Tube feet scarce, only 15 located in the middle of the bulbous part of body, in three rows on the ventral ambulacra, none dorsally or at extreme anterior or posterior ends. Largest tube foot
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<quantity id="5E149888FFB8FF896A22FA7CF6E37A3E" box="[353,458,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
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; suckers reduced. Skin soft, thin, densely packed with ossicles clearly visible through stereoscope, table spires project well out of body wall rendering it rough to the touch.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9953356DFFB8FF896B84FAC4F4C979B2" blockId="2.[151,1437,798,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
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Calcareous ring (
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<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFB8FF896AC9FAC4F6C17AF6" box="[394,488,1410,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1366,214,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1964]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cucumella triperforata n. sp. Holotype. A. tables from body wall; B. spires of tables; C. part of calcareous ring (ir = interradial plate; r = radial plate); D. holotype entire (an = anus; m = mouth); E. composite internal structure (diagrammatic) (t = tentacles; int = introvert with tentacles; r = radial plate of calcareous ring; rm = retractor muscle; oes = oesophagus; pv = Polian vesicle; sc = stone canal; g = gonad; lm = longitudinal muscle; rrt = right respiratory tree; c = cloaca; ap = anal papillae); F. tentacle arrangement of paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204575/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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C) low, simple, without posterior processes/bifurcations to radial plates, radial and interradial plates of more or less equal size; anterior projections of radial plates bifid, posterior margin deeply concave; interradial plates triangular, each with blunt anterior projection and slightly concave posterior margin. Stone canal (
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<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFB8FF896BA1FAA8F616796A" box="[226,319,1518,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1366,214,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1964]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cucumella triperforata n. sp. Holotype. A. tables from body wall; B. spires of tables; C. part of calcareous ring (ir = interradial plate; r = radial plate); D. holotype entire (an = anus; m = mouth); E. composite internal structure (diagrammatic) (t = tentacles; int = introvert with tentacles; r = radial plate of calcareous ring; rm = retractor muscle; oes = oesophagus; pv = Polian vesicle; sc = stone canal; g = gonad; lm = longitudinal muscle; rrt = right respiratory tree; c = cloaca; ap = anal papillae); F. tentacle arrangement of paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204575/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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E) short, madreporite as rounded structure located in posterior concavity of mid-dorsal interradial plate of calcareous ring. Polian vesicle single, comprising a long narrow neck ending in a bulbous sac. Respiratory trees as simple sacs, unbranched, right tree smaller than left, not as bulbous; tiny projections on right tree perhaps indicate aborted branches. Longitudinal muscles as single strands, almost thread-like; retractor muscles thread-like. Ovary as two sac-like organs, one on each side of dorsal mesentery. Both sacs distended with mature and developing oocytes (90–425 µm, mean 236 µm), mature oocytes with thick enveloping capsule. An elongated structure, perhaps representing a developing juvenile, found lying in one ovarian sac.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9953356DFFB8FF896B84F9ACF40078DA" blockId="2.[151,1437,798,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
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Ossicles of body wall exclusively tables with trilocular disc (
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<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFB8FF8968C0F9ACF4CB786E" box="[899,994,1770,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1366,214,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1964]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cucumella triperforata n. sp. Holotype. A. tables from body wall; B. spires of tables; C. part of calcareous ring (ir = interradial plate; r = radial plate); D. holotype entire (an = anus; m = mouth); E. composite internal structure (diagrammatic) (t = tentacles; int = introvert with tentacles; r = radial plate of calcareous ring; rm = retractor muscle; oes = oesophagus; pv = Polian vesicle; sc = stone canal; g = gonad; lm = longitudinal muscle; rrt = right respiratory tree; c = cloaca; ap = anal papillae); F. tentacle arrangement of paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204575/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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A, 3A) and a spire of moderate height (
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<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFB8FF896BDDF848F7D4784A" box="[158,253,1806,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1366,214,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1964]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cucumella triperforata n. sp. Holotype. A. tables from body wall; B. spires of tables; C. part of calcareous ring (ir = interradial plate; r = radial plate); D. holotype entire (an = anus; m = mouth); E. composite internal structure (diagrammatic) (t = tentacles; int = introvert with tentacles; r = radial plate of calcareous ring; rm = retractor muscle; oes = oesophagus; pv = Polian vesicle; sc = stone canal; g = gonad; lm = longitudinal muscle; rrt = right respiratory tree; c = cloaca; ap = anal papillae); F. tentacle arrangement of paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204575/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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B), of fused pillars, ending in 2-(3) smooth, diverging processes or teeth, spire sometimes reduced to a knob on surface of disc; posterior tables smaller (
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<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFB8FF8969FFF874F4357826" box="[700,796,1842,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[167,1380,229,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cucumella triperforata n. sp. A. knobbed rods from tentacles of holotype; B. small tables from posterior region of holotype; C. end-plate from tube foot of paratype; D. rods from anal papilla of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204576/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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B, 3B). Ossicles of tube feet similar to those of body wall but with reduced spires; delicate, reduced end-plates in tube feet. Ossicles of tentacles (
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<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFB8FF896FE4F810F2257802" box="[1191,1292,1878,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[167,1380,229,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cucumella triperforata n. sp. A. knobbed rods from tentacles of holotype; B. small tables from posterior region of holotype; C. end-plate from tube foot of paratype; D. rods from anal papilla of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204576/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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A) comprise slightly knobbed rods, with usually a large perforation at one or both ends. Anal papillae densely packed with simple or C-shaped rods, often perforated at ends (
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<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFB8FF8969E6F8D8F42F78DA" box="[677,774,1950,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[167,1380,229,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cucumella triperforata n. sp. A. knobbed rods from tentacles of holotype; B. small tables from posterior region of holotype; C. end-plate from tube foot of paratype; D. rods from anal papilla of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204576/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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D).
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</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CD9365E5FFB9FF886BD4F822F52A7899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204575/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[151,1366,214,1869]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="9953356DFFB9FF886BD4F822F52A7899" blockId="3.[151,1436,1892,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFB9FF886BD4F822F6227815" bold="true" box="[151,267,1892,1915]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFB9FF886A5BF822F52D7816" box="[280,516,1892,1914]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triperforata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFB9FF886A5BF822F52D7816" box="[280,516,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Cucumella triperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0AB5404FFB9FF886949F823F56A7816" box="[522,579,1893,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFB9FF886949F823F56A7816" bold="true" box="[522,579,1893,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype. A. tables from body wall; B. spires of tables; C. part of calcareous ring (ir = interradial plate; r = radial plate); D. holotype entire (an = anus; m = mouth); E. composite internal structure (diagrammatic) (t = tentacles; int = introvert with tentacles; r = radial plate of calcareous ring; rm = retractor muscle; oes = oesophagus; pv = Polian vesicle; sc = stone canal; g = gonad; lm = longitudinal muscle; rrt = right respiratory tree; c = cloaca; ap = anal papillae); F. tentacle arrangement of paratype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="CD9365E5FFBEFF8F6BD4F9B3F33E7846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204576/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[167,1380,229,1736]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="9953356DFFBEFF8F6BD4F9B3F33E7846" blockId="4.[151,1436,1781,1834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBEFF8F6BD4F9B3F6227866" bold="true" box="[151,267,1781,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBEFF8F6A5BF9B3F52A7867" box="[280,515,1781,1803]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triperforata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBEFF8F6A5BF9B3F52A7867" box="[280,515,1781,1803]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">Cucumella triperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0AB5404FFBEFF8F6949F9B0F56A7867" box="[522,579,1782,1803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBEFF8F6949F9B0F56A7867" bold="true" box="[522,579,1782,1803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A. knobbed rods from tentacles of holotype; B. small tables from posterior region of holotype; C. end-plate from tube foot of paratype; D. rods from anal papilla of holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9953356DFFBEFF8E6B84F810F4877E08" blockId="4.[151,1436,1878,2011]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBEFF8F6B84F810F5447803" bold="true" box="[199,621,1878,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Description of dissected
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBEFF8F6AACF811F54E7803" box="[495,615,1879,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Of the two
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBEFF8F69B8F811F44F7803" box="[763,870,1879,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
dissected, largest one is U-shaped, measuring
|
||
<quantity id="5E149888FFBEFF8F6EC3F810F7EA78FE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
along ventrum and
|
||
<quantity id="5E149888FFBEFF8F6AE5F83CF6C178FE" box="[422,488,1914,1938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
along dorsum; the other is slightly barrel-shaped, possibly due to contraction, measuring
|
||
<quantity id="5E149888FFBEFF8F6BA7F8D8F60F78DA" box="[228,294,1950,1974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
along ventral surface. In larger
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBEFF8F69CDF8D9F5C778DB" box="[654,750,1951,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
calcareous ring better calcified than that of
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBEFF8F6F9CF8D8F26878DA" box="[1247,1345,1950,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and not covered by hardened mesentery but gonad immature, lacking gametes. Smaller
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBEFF8F6F71F885F3BA78B7" box="[1074,1171,1987,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
mature with the ovary containing eggs with thick enveloping membrane. In same, Polian vesicles two, of more or less equal length, one with a long neck ending in a bulbous sac, the other saccular; madreporite bean-shaped, stone canal short; respiratory trees arising independently from cloaca, sac-like, with left one slightly larger, as in
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBFFF8E6F2FFF99F3FB7F9B" box="[1132,1234,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; retractor muscles threadlike, arising from longitudinal bands at anterior third of body. Ossicles of both
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBFFF8E6F12FE43F3957E71" box="[1105,1212,261,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
as in
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBFFF8E6FBCFE42F2487E70" box="[1279,1377,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(60– 108 µm; mean 88.0 µm). End-plates of tube feet unbroken (
|
||
<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFBFFF8E6878FE61F4B47E53" box="[827,925,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[167,1380,229,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cucumella triperforata n. sp. A. knobbed rods from tentacles of holotype; B. small tables from posterior region of holotype; C. end-plate from tube foot of paratype; D. rods from anal papilla of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204576/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Anal papillae with dense accumulation of rods (42–99 µm, mean 61.4 µm), rendering them as rigid as anal teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CD9365E5FFBFFF8E6BD4F832F63778C5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204577/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[151,1436,409,1885]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="9953356DFFBFFF8E6BD4F832F63778C5" blockId="5.[151,1436,1908,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBFFF8E6BD4F832F62478E5" bold="true" box="[151,269,1908,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBFFF8E6A58F832F52178E6" box="[283,520,1908,1930]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triperforata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBFFF8E6A58F832F52178E6" box="[283,520,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Cucumella triperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0AB5404FFBFFF8E694CF833F56078E6" box="[527,585,1909,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBFFF8E694CF833F56078E6" bold="true" box="[527,585,1909,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A. tables from body wall; B. small table from posterior region; C. specimen entire (m = mouth).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="CD9365E5FFBCFF8D6BD4F8F4F4297887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204578/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[185,1408,193,1956]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="9953356DFFBCFF8D6BD4F8F4F4297887" blockId="6.[151,1436,1970,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBCFF8D6BD4F8F4F62478A4" bold="true" box="[151,269,1970,1993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBCFF8D6A59F8F5F55E78A4" authority="Sibuet. A." authorityName="Sibuet. A." box="[282,631,1970,1993]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Cherbonniera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBCFF8D6A59F8F5F52078A5" box="[282,521,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Cherbonniera utriculus</emphasis>
|
||
Sibuet. A.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tables from body wall; B. denticulate/finely spinulated spire of table; C. specimen entire; D. peculiar table-like rods from peristome/collar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9953356DFFBDFF8C6B84FFD1F7C87E08" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C6B84FFD1F5167FDC" bold="true" box="[199,575,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Description of other
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBDFF8C6A82FFDEF5137FDC" box="[449,570,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens similar in texture and colour to
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBDFF8C6F71FFD1F3B17FC3" box="[1074,1176,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Tube feet few, ventral ones better developed, dorsal ones shorter, often reduced to suckers. Number of tube feet of left dorsal ambulacrum vary from 1–4 and that of the right dorsal ambulacrum 0–3, while that of the left ventral ambulacrum 4–7, right ventral ambulacrum 4–8 and mid-ventral ambulacrum 4–5. In at least one
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBDFF8C6897FE43F31D7E71" box="[980,1076,261,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
two anal papillae are much longer than rest and project well out from the body. No differences in ossicles were detected in male and female specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D1F666E6FFBDFF8C6B84FE29F6E27EC0" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9953356DFFBDFF8C6B84FE29F5E17EEB" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1724]" box="[199,712,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C6B84FE29F6497EE4" bold="true" box="[199,352,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBDFF8C6974FE36F54E7EE4" box="[567,615,368,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9953356DFFBDFF8C6B84FED5F6E27EC0" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1724]" box="[199,459,403,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C6B84FED5F6037EC0" bold="true" box="[199,298,403,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Not recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D1F666E6FFBDFF8C6B84FEFEF51E79D0" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9953356DFFBDFF8C6B84FEFEF66E7C30" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C6B84FEFEF6127EBC" bold="true" box="[199,315,440,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the presence of 12 tentacles, the new family approaches some members of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C6E6AFEF1F7E87E98" class="Holothuroidea" family="Vaneyellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Vaneyellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the unequal tentacles suggest a relationship with the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C68B1FE9AF38B7E98" box="[1010,1186,476,500]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ypsilothuriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, both these families are characterized by possessing only plates in the body wall. The new species, on the other hand, possesses only tables in the body wall. Although members of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C6814FD62F3217D50" box="[855,1032,548,572]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Rhopalodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Rhopalodinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
do possess tables, they are of a different form and nearly always accompanied by plates. Furthermore, this family is unique in having both the mouth and anus opening on the tip of a long proboscis-like structure. A closer relationship is here proposed with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C6BD4FDC9F6017DCB" box="[151,296,655,679]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Vaneyellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Vaneyellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the bases of body form as well as the form of the calcareous ring of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C6F12FDD6F3927DC4" box="[1105,1211,656,680]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C6F12FDD6F3927DC4" box="[1105,1211,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">C. triplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD7D489CFFBDFF8C6E27FDC9F6A37DA0" author="Heding" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" refString="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A. (1954) Phyllophoridae. Eine Bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten Holothurien des zoologischen Museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis, XIII 13, 7 - 209." type="book chapter" year="1954">Heding & Panning (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the calcareous ring of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C69C5FDF3F5C67DA0" box="[646,751,692,716]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C69C5FDF3F5C67DA0" box="[646,751,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">C. triplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C68F9FDF2F2447DA0" authority="Heding & Panning, 1954" authorityName="Heding & Panning" authorityYear="1954" box="[954,1389,692,716]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Vaneyellidae" genus="Mitsukuriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C68F9FDF2F3787DA0" box="[954,1105,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Mitsukuriella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD7D489CFFBDFF8C6F14FDF2F2447DA0" author="Heding" box="[1111,1389,692,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" refString="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A. (1954) Phyllophoridae. Eine Bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten Holothurien des zoologischen Museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis, XIII 13, 7 - 209." type="book chapter" year="1954">Heding & Panning, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C6BD4FD9EF50F7D83" authority="Heding & Panning, 1954" authorityName="Heding & Panning" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,550,727,752]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Vaneyellidae" genus="Vaneyella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C6BD4FD9EF62D7D9C" box="[151,260,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Vaneyella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD7D489CFFBDFF8C6A4FFD91F50F7D83" author="Heding" box="[268,550,727,751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" refString="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A. (1954) Phyllophoridae. Eine Bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten Holothurien des zoologischen Museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis, XIII 13, 7 - 209." type="book chapter" year="1954">Heding & Panning, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently classified in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C6810FD91F4CD7D83" box="[851,996,727,751]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Vaneyellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Vaneyellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the Dactylochirotida. However, if the new species was included within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C6913FDBAF5C87C78" box="[592,737,764,788]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Vaneyellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Vaneyellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
it would have necessitated a drastic amendment of its diagnosis. Such a step would be inadmissible as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C6929FC59F5D37C5B" box="[618,762,799,823]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Vaneyellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Vaneyellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is well characterized by only plates in the body wall or by a plated skeleton.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9953356DFFBDFF8C6B84FC21F44B7C80" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
|
||
The rigidity of the anal papillae is here perceived to be a transient feature in their future transformation into teeth. In one
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBDFF8C6A6FFCCBF6A47CC9" box="[300,397,909,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
there appears an oocyte apparently sub-divided into two cells. This perhaps indicates intraovarian development, but this is by no means certain. However, the peculiarity of the “juvenile” like structure lying in one ovarian sac of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBDFF8C6AF3FC92F53B7C80" box="[432,530,980,1004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
may support this speculation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9953356DFFBDFF8C6B84FCB1F5DB7964" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
|
||
The body wall ossicles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C6AAAFCBEF5A77B7C" box="[489,654,1016,1040]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C6AAAFCBEF5A77B7C" box="[489,654,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">C. triperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprising only tables with a trilobed, trilocular disc and a solid spire ending in 2-(3) diverging processes/teeth bear a striking resemblance to those of the molpadid,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C6FF9FB5AF6727B34" authority="Sibuet, 1974" authorityName="Sibuet" authorityYear="1974" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Cherbonniera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C6FF9FB5AF7EF7B34" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Cherbonniera utriculus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD7D489CFFBDFF8C6B8EFB06F6727B34" author="Sibuet" box="[205,347,1088,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" refString="Sibuet, M. (1974) Cherbonniera utriculus gen. nov., sp. nov., petite Holothurie (Molpadonia, Molpadiidae) des vases abyssales du Nord-Est atlantique. Comptes Rendus des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences Paris Serie, D 279, 1443 - 1445." type="journal article" year="1974">Sibuet, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFBDFF8C6A2AFB06F6E37B34" box="[361,458,1088,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[185,1408,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[185,1409,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cherbonniera utriculus Sibuet. A. tables from body wall; B. denticulate / finely spinulated spire of table; C. specimen entire; D. peculiar table-like rods from peristome / collar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204578/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C), so common in the very deep waters of the north and west Atlantic Ocean (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD7D489CFFBDFF8C6E21FB07F66C7B10" author="Pawson" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" refString="Pawson, D. L., Vance, D. L. & Ahearn, C. (2001) Western Atlantic sea cucumbers of the Order Molpadiida (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 10, 311 - 327." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Pawson
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C6B85FB23F6287B10" box="[198,257,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, ordinal differences between the taxa readily separate them. The body wall ossicles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C6BD4FBCEF6007BCC" box="[151,297,1160,1184]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Cherbonniera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C6BD4FBCEF6007BCC" box="[151,297,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E1FB75FDFFBDFF8C6BD4FBCEF7927BCC" box="[151,187,1160,1184]" name="Switzerland" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Ch</collectingCountry>
|
||
. utriculus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also exclusively tables with trilobed, trilocular disc (120–165 µm, mean 156.8 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFBDFF8C6E46FBCEF24C7BCC" box="[1285,1381,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[185,1408,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[185,1409,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cherbonniera utriculus Sibuet. A. tables from body wall; B. denticulate / finely spinulated spire of table; C. specimen entire; D. peculiar table-like rods from peristome / collar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204578/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A), a spire of moderate height (58–140 µm, mean 104.25 µm), of three, mostly fused pillars ending in an undivided tip (80%) or in three diverging processes (20 %) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFBDFF8C69E2FB96F42A7B84" box="[673,771,1232,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[185,1408,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[185,1409,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cherbonniera utriculus Sibuet. A. tables from body wall; B. denticulate / finely spinulated spire of table; C. specimen entire; D. peculiar table-like rods from peristome / collar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204578/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The tail ossicles are of similar form but slightly smaller (60–120 µm, mean 92.75 µm); with undivided (30%) or 3-toothed (70%) spire tip; height of spire (50–105 µm, mean 73.35 µm). However, we report here for the first time that the tips or diverging processes of the table spires in this species are finely denticulate/spinulated, very unlike those of the new species which are always smooth. These denticulations, confirmed in every specimen examined, including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="46578BCFFFBDFF8C68EDFA27F4F77A15" box="[942,990,1377,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material, are perhaps an adaptation for increased traction necessary for locomotion in a soft substrate. The higher concentration of the three-pronged spires in the tail tables perhaps supports this speculation. The similarity in the form of the ossicles of the two species is perhaps indicative of parallel evolution and convergence consequent upon a similar mode of life, since both species are U-shaped and perhaps live buried in the sediment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9953356DFFBDFF8C6B84F952F51E79D0" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EEC4EEEFFBDFF8C6B84F952F6707940" box="[199,345,1556,1580]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Cherbonniera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98E97FFFBDFF8C6B84F952F6707940" box="[199,345,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E1FB75FDFFBDFF8C6B84F952F7C27940" box="[199,235,1556,1580]" name="Switzerland" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Ch</collectingCountry>
|
||
. utriculus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in addition, has peculiar, table-like rods of varying shapes, each with a perforated base and a 1–3 toothed ‘spire’, in the peristome and/or collar surrounding the tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="01D729E8FFBDFF8C6892F97EF31C793C" box="[977,1077,1592,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[185,1408,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[185,1409,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cherbonniera utriculus Sibuet. A. tables from body wall; B. denticulate / finely spinulated spire of table; C. specimen entire; D. peculiar table-like rods from peristome / collar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204578/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Such deposits have also not been reported before for the species and may be precursors of tables. However, no such transformation of the ossicles was noticed in the body wall of all specimens examined and hence it is likely that these peculiar deposits are characteristic of the peristome/collar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |