288 lines
32 KiB
XML
288 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="85843180AA3C26C5E70826B36A1A9326" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275387" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a46d36ce-27ee-46dd-88b9-b464b2d93ce5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275387" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461133741059" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heraty, John M. & Darling, Christopher" docDate="2009" docId="03FF87BDFFD9151853E5AA25EEF2F861" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02306p016.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2306" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Perilampus pisticus Darling, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFC6FFC5FFDE15115372AE12ED30FFCD" masterDocTitle="Fossil Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Baltic Amber" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698598197344" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="8F86D3AF9C2DF048C99ADD1B4800D1DF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="94BB1291D97CD8075026E488D962224F">
|
||
<mods:title id="78D32C8485CC129F7BD90EFE79326EB5">Fossil Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Baltic Amber</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="7E96724136FC9981040C99EA35DFEDC9" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6E1B9697D85B8D7BE0EA725A42E194CE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1A3707448B632AB364A0D41BD0708095">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2B82A5FD2B845F0C8605AAEE8C6B4374">Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="BAA63B1B8FAB802D9729036498E0F690" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0EDB0576818C528BE12A472135C0A501">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C8C2DD68A7DD8F3E8648F683B4A527AC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DCFA7B0F4E015A859A130FEC8EB4D0DC">Darling, Christopher</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="052E922608E4A92997275B449E0956F2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="B974A030B5F3673D38DF5E5B8D2E45BB" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="572E7BBF36764EE146DDD5408896DE41">
|
||
<mods:title id="D5DAEE0696C4C2010F6D27C51F1BB524">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="4D75E2120607A64225017BBB07E18FD5">
|
||
<mods:date id="9D60FF54208D3689726AB1993547F939">2009</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B5EED75293DEF9D7E076CFA635A4C694" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="620228AB11149361971C1DD264014DC3">2306</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="F1731BCED730EC1F5B6B7ACCD4285E1C" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="D010C7FFDC5A4A48AAD24117368F2583">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="E87BC19AC25C4755FB8869192A110B91">16</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="AD3CECA54FB939A2F9177373927F34C6">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C5BD51221C3192BDAB5D0D0F946BD03A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275387</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A81338B87C99E7E6358D4CBDC7C58A3E" type="GBIF-Dataset">a46d36ce-27ee-46dd-88b9-b464b2d93ce5</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="DBC26F9B7F4DD67741F3E0540C1D7ED8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3CE91CD8F7B6BA103E867D992AB3CF1E" type="Zenodo-Dep">275387</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5A72485A2C8F36D545A071711BA28CC6" type="ZooBank">188C89FE-0378-46D1-BBA3-65DC735FDDDD</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03FF87BDFFD9151853E5AA25EEF2F861" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6222179" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119627427" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6222179" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF87BDFFD9151853E5AA25EEF2F861" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87BDFFD9151853E5AA25EEF2F861" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C6520FFD9151653E5AA25EC1EFBB9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD9151653E5AA25EF05FB9C" blockId="7.[151,565,1079,1140]" box="[151,565,1079,1105]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<heading id="D0A181C7FFD9151653E5AA25EF05FB9C" bold="true" box="[151,565,1079,1105]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD9151653E5AA25EF05FB9C" bold="true" box="[151,565,1079,1105]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD9151653E5AA25ECDBFB9C" authority="Darling" authorityName="Darling" box="[151,491,1079,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisticus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD9151653E5AA25ECB4FB9C" bold="true" box="[151,388,1079,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Perilampus pisticus</emphasis>
|
||
Darling
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21157C2FFD915165280AA25EF05FB9C" box="[498,565,1079,1105]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD9151653E5AA48EC1EFBB9" blockId="7.[151,565,1079,1140]" box="[151,302,1114,1140]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(Figs 12–15)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C6520FFD9151853E5AAB5E99CFF15" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD9151653E5AAB5EEE1FB25" blockId="7.[151,1437,1191,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD9151653E5AAB5ECA5FB0C" bold="true" box="[151,405,1191,1217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description of Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Length approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CAE9B4EFFD9151651D4AABAEFDEFB0F" box="[678,750,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body color, including antennae and legs black, with weak iridescent reflections [?]. Wings hyaline [?], forewing venation brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD9151653B7AAE7E923FA3A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1191,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD9151653B7AAE7EC3CFAC3" box="[197,268,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Quadrate and about twice [?] as broad as long in frontal view, in dorsal view transverse, distinctly wider than pronotum; vertex, inner and outer orbits smooth, without distinct sculpture (Fig. 12); ocelli forming a broad isosceles triangle, OOL longer than POL; frontal carina absent, scrobal cavity not deep and bounded by weak rounded keels (Fig. 13); malar sulcus distinct, about 0.2 times eye height; supraclypeal area glabrous, quadrate. Mandibles large and robust, right with 3 distinct teeth. Antenna: scape narrowly linear, weakly expanded apically [?], length about 5 times maximum width [?]; pedicel and funicular segments subequal in length, anellus about 0.2 times length of first funicular segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD9151653B7A816EE78F80A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1191,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD9151653B7A816EC7EF9D0" box="[197,334,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Sculpture foveate-reticulate (Figs 13, 14) unless otherwise noted. Pronotum narrow, only about 0.2 times [?] length of mesoscutum (Fig. 13), without a distinct anterior carina, rounded laterad; mesoscutum and scutellum subequal in length; sidelobes of mesoscutum smooth along notauli; axillula large and triangular, with smooth median area delimited by large foveae (Fig. 14); scutellum only weakly vaulted, frenal line anteapical, the marginal rim forming the apex of scutellum, apex rounded (Fig. 14); metanotum large, straplike, length equal to frenum and marginal rim of scutellum combined, dorsellum indicated by ventral band of smaller foveae; propodeum with distinct median carina and smooth submedian areas delimited laterad by deep foveae (Fig. 14); prepectus large, a broad equilateral triangle, distinctly differentiated from and wider than the adjacent pronotum, with all three sides bordered with coarse punctures (Fig. 13). Forewing venation (Fig. 15): submarginal vein about twice marginal vein, postmarginal vein subequal in length to marginal vein (11:10); stigmal vein 0.4 times marginal vein and making an approximately 60 degree angle with marginal vein, stigma expanded with a distinct uncus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD7151853B7AE8AE99CFF15" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151853B7AE8AEC77FF7C" box="[197,327,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Petiole inconspicuous, gaster closely associated with mesosoma, short and high in profile (Fig. 12), T2 with laterotergites and about as long as T3 and T4 combined. Sculpture glabrous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C6520FFD7151853B7AEF7EF3BFEEB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD7151853B7AEF7EF3BFEEB" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151853B7AEF7EC0FFF32" bold="true" box="[197,319,229,255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ED8809FFD7151853B7AEF7EC0FFF32" box="[197,319,229,255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Male. Baltic Amber: Lutetian; purchased 2007 from Jens-Wilhelm Janzen
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED47AE6EFFD71518567AAEF7E856FF32" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1288,1382,229,255]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
Ba- JWJ687). Deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED47AE6EFFD7151852D8AF1EEF37FEEB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[426,519,268,294]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C6520FFD7151853B7AF20EC91FEBE" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD7151853B7AF20EC91FEBE" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151853B7AF20EC62FE81" bold="true" box="[197,338,306,332]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Latin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD71518516CAF20EF48FE86" box="[542,632,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD71518516CAF20EF48FE86" box="[542,632,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pisticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ‘true, genuine’), a reference to this species as the first actual fossil species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD715185261AF4BECAAFEBF" box="[275,410,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD715185261AF4BECAAFEBF" box="[275,410,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Perilampus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C6520FFD7151853B7AF6DEEF2F861" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD7151853B7AF6DEC15FD65" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151853B7AF6DEFDAFE54" bold="true" box="[197,746,383,409]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Additional Amber Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
DCD has also seen specimens or photographs of four additional specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151852B1AFB4EF54FE0D" box="[451,612,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Perilampinae">Perilampinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Baltic amber, two in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History (examined, both Eocene [Lutetian], purchased from Jens-Wilhelm Janzen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED47AE6EFFD7151857ACAFDFE809FE2A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1246,1337,461,487]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED47AE6EFFD715185633AFDFE8ACFE2A" box="[1345,1436,461,487]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B-JWJ-</collectionCode>
|
||
121 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED47AE6EFFD715185270AFE6EC6EFDC3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[258,350,500,526]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED47AE6EFFD715185215AFE6ECF9FDC3" box="[359,457,500,526]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B-JWJ-</collectionCode>
|
||
191) and two in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart (photographs courtesy of Lars Krogmann). These are not regarded as conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD71518508DAC08E948FDFE" box="[1023,1144,538,563]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD71518508DAC08E948FDFE" box="[1023,1144,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. pisticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a thorough study of this material is currently underway. Interestingly, all
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D50FD22FFD715185078AC53EEABFD96" box="[778,923,577,603]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
have a very large and triangular prepectus, but only the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ED8809FFD71518525CAC7AECA6FD4F" box="[302,406,616,642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151852CDAC7AEF08FD4C" box="[447,568,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151852CDAC7AEF08FD4C" box="[447,568,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. pisticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the short and triangular metasoma characteristic of extant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151853E5AC9DEC2EFD65" box="[151,286,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151853E5AC9DEC2EFD65" box="[151,286,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Perilampus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD7151853B7ACA7EF2FFC8E" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Baltic Amber
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD71518521EACA7ECC3FD03" box="[364,499,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD71518521EACA7ECC3FD03" box="[364,499,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Perilampus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species were first reported in the literature over 120 years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B5AFFD715185794ACA7E8A7FD02" author="Brischke" box="[1254,1431,693,719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Brischke, D. (1886) Die Hymenopteren des Bernsteins. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig, 6, 278 - 279." type="journal article" year="1886">Brischke 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; repeated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B5AFFD71518525FACCEECECFD3B" author="Larsson" box="[301,476,732,758]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refString="Larsson, S. G. (1978) Baltic Amber - a palaeobiological study. Entomonograph, 1, 1 - 192." type="journal article" year="1978">Larsson 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but were never formally described. This led to the premature dismissal of Brischke’s report by Peñalver & Engel (2006) because of the age of the work and lack of any subsequent specimens found in Baltic amber.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD7151853B7AD5DEED7FBC9" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151853B7AD5DECC6FCA4" bold="true" box="[197,502,847,873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phylogenetic Placement.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is readily referable to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD715185766AD42E8ACFCA7" authority="Darling 1996" authorityName="Darling" authorityYear="1996" box="[1044,1436,848,874]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD715185766AD42E9ABFCA4" box="[1044,1179,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Perilampus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151857DEAD42E9DDFCA4" box="[1196,1261,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B5AFFD715185784AD42E8A3FCA7" author="Darling" box="[1270,1427,848,874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Darling, D. C. (1996) A new species of Spalangiopelta (Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; Ceinae) from Dominican amber: Phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 69, 248 - 259." type="journal article" year="1996">Darling 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of the close association of the triangular prepectus with the pronotum (Fig. 13), short, triangular metasoma (Fig. 12), right mandible with 3 distinct teeth (cf.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAE9B4EFFD715185016AD8FEEA2FC7A" box="[868,914,925,951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151850E8AD8FE950FC7A" box="[922,1120,925,951]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrysolampinae">Chrysolampinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), marginal vein only about twice as long as stigmal vein (Fig. 15, cf. at least 3.5 times in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151850B2ADD6E9A6FC13" box="[960,1174,964,990]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrysolampinae">Chrysolampinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and absence of the synapomorphies of the other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD715185113ADF8EFCCFBC9" box="[609,764,1002,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Perilampinae">Perilampinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B5AFFD715185048ADF8EEEAFBC9" author="Boucek" box="[826,986,1002,1028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Boucek, Z. (1978) A generic key to Perilampinae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with a revision of Krombeinius n. gen. and Euperilampus Walker. Entomologica Scandinavica, 9, 299 - 307." type="journal article" year="1978">Bouček 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD7151853B7AA03EC09F9A2" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Not only is the amber species clearly referable to the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151850F4AA03E924FBE7" box="[902,1044,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151850F4AA03E920FBE7" box="[902,1040,1041,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Perilampus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD71518573BAA03E98DFBE7" box="[1097,1213,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. p i s t i c u s</emphasis>
|
||
also shares a suite of characters with an informal group of extant Palaearctic species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B5AFFD7151850EDAA25E90EFB9F" author="Boucek" box="[927,1086,1079,1106]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Boucek, Z. (1956) Notes on the Czechoslovak Perilampidae (Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea). Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 1, 83 - 98." type="journal article" year="1956">Bouček 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B5AFFD71518573BAA2AE9B7FB9F" author="Boucek" box="[1097,1159,1080,1106]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Boucek, Z. (1971) A new black Perilampus from Europe (Hym., Perilampidae). Entomologist, 104, 52 - 55." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which we will refer to here as the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD71518526CAA4DEF31FBB5" box="[286,513,1119,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD71518526CAA4DEF31FBB5" box="[286,513,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Perilampus micans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151851CFAA4DEEA6FBB5" authority="Dalman" authorityName="Dalman" box="[701,918,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151851CFAA4DEE1EFBB5" box="[701,814,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. micans</emphasis>
|
||
Dalman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151850D1AA4DE9A1FBB5" authority="Rosseus" authorityName="Rosseus" box="[931,1169,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151850D1AA4DE922FBB5" box="[931,1042,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. aeneus</emphasis>
|
||
(Rosseus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151857EFAA4DE84AFBB5" authority="Hellen" authorityName="Hellen" box="[1181,1402,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruschkai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151857EFAA4DE810FBB5" box="[1181,1312,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. ruschkai</emphasis>
|
||
Hellen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151856F4AA4DEC7FFB52" authority="Boucek" authorityName="Boucek" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maceki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151856F4AA4DEDDBFB53" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. maceki</emphasis>
|
||
Bouček
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD71518522EAA97EF6AFB52" authority="Boucek" authorityName="Boucek" box="[348,602,1157,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD71518522EAA97ECC8FB53" box="[348,504,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. cephalotes</emphasis>
|
||
Bouček
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151851E6AA97EE4DFB52" authority="Boucek" authorityName="Boucek" box="[660,893,1157,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polypori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151851E6AA97EE26FB53" box="[660,790,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. polypori</emphasis>
|
||
Bouček
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). These species all have a relatively large and broad prepectus (64:6) with all three sides bordered by rows of coarse punctures and a distinct rudiment of the stigmal vein uncus (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B5AFFD7151852CBAAC0EF6CFB21" author="Boucek" box="[441,604,1234,1260]" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Boucek, Z. (1956) Notes on the Czechoslovak Perilampidae (Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea). Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 1, 83 - 98." type="journal article" year="1956">Bouček 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:94, couplet 1). Both of these characters are also present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD715185651AAC1E8A9FB21" box="[1315,1433,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. p i s t i c u s</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs 13, 15) and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151852FAAAEBEE16FADE" authority="Steffan" authorityName="Steffan" box="[392,806,1273,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Steffanolampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicetum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151852FAAAEBEF84FADF" box="[392,692,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Steffanolampus salicetum</emphasis>
|
||
(Steffan)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the latter considered as the most basal genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151853E5AB32EC04FAF7" box="[151,308,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Perilampinae">Perilampinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the prepectus, although large and triangular, is not fused with the pronotum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B5AFFD71518564DAB32EDE6FAAD" author="Darling" pageId="9" pageNumber="13" refString="Darling, D. C. (1988) Comparative morphology of the labrum in Hymenoptera: the digitate labrum of Perilampidae and Eucharitidae (Chalcidoidea). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66, 2811 - 2835." type="journal article" year="1988">Darling 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, the frenum shape and orientation of the scutellar disc associate the amber species with both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151853E5AB7FEC14FA4B" box="[151,292,1389,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Steffanolampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicetum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151853E5AB7FEC14FA4B" box="[151,292,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. salicetum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD71518522CAB7FECFAFA4B" box="[350,458,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. m i c a n s</emphasis>
|
||
. In all three species, the scutellar disc is not vaulted and the frenal line is complete dorsally and forms a carina that parallels the marginal rim of the scutellum (Fig. 14). In all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151853E5ABA9EC12FA19" box="[151,290,1467,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151853E5ABA9EC12FA19" box="[151,290,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Perilampus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD71518511EABA8EE3EFA19" box="[620,782,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Perilampinae">Perilampinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the scutellar disc is vaulted over the frenum with the frenal line forming the apex of the scutellum (51:4). Based on outgroup comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151857D8ABF3E85DFA36" box="[1194,1389,1505,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrysolampinae">Chrysolampinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the configuration of the scutellum is plesiomorphic in the amber fossil,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151850BEA81AE96DF9EC" box="[972,1117,1544,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Steffanolampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicetum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151850BEA81AE96DF9EC" box="[972,1117,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. salicetum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151857EBA81AE820F9EC" box="[1177,1296,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151857EBA81AE998F9EC" box="[1177,1192,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151857CAA81AE820F9EC" box="[1208,1296,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">micans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting that these species are components of a basal grade of species that ultimately gave rise to the extant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151853E5A847EC05F9A2" box="[151,309,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Perilampinae">Perilampinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936ABFFD7151853E5A8F6EEF2F861" blockId="9.[151,1436,1764,1964]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151853E5A8F6ECA5F931" bold="true" box="[151,405,1764,1788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
FIGURES
|
||
<date id="FFE8106BFFD715185264A8F6ECA0F931" box="[278,400,1764,1788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1911-05-05" valueMax="1911-05-15" valueMin="1911-05-05">5–15. 5–11</date>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151852EEA8F7EF66F931" box="[412,598,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Palaeocharis rex</emphasis>
|
||
, female:
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151851CEA8F6EFE1F931" bold="true" box="[700,721,1764,1788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5,</emphasis>
|
||
habitus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD715185047A8F6EE79F931" bold="true" box="[821,841,1764,1788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6,</emphasis>
|
||
antenna;
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151850C6A8F6EEF8F931" bold="true" box="[948,968,1764,1788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7,</emphasis>
|
||
head and mesosoma, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD715185634A8F6E86BF931" bold="true" box="[1350,1371,1764,1788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8,</emphasis>
|
||
head, posterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD71518524CA915EC62F8D2" bold="true" box="[318,338,1799,1823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9,</emphasis>
|
||
forewing and partial hindwing, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD715185049A915EE6DF8D2" bold="true" box="[827,861,1799,1823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10,</emphasis>
|
||
gaster, apex in posterolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151857AEA915E9CAF8D2" bold="true" box="[1244,1274,1799,1823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11,</emphasis>
|
||
gaster, apex in posterior view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD71518524CA938ECB8F88F" bold="true" box="[318,392,1834,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">12–15,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D28FFD7151852FDA938EF55F88C" box="[399,613,1834,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151852FDA938EF55F88C" box="[399,613,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Perilampus pisticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male:
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151851C4A938EFE8F88F" bold="true" box="[694,728,1834,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">12,</emphasis>
|
||
habitus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD71518504EA938EE6DF88F" bold="true" box="[828,861,1834,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">13,</emphasis>
|
||
head and anterior mesosoma, enlargement of 10;
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD715185608A938E8ACF88F" bold="true" box="[1402,1436,1834,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14,</emphasis>
|
||
scutellar complex and propodeum, dorsolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAB9FFD7151851A6A95EEFC6F8A9" bold="true" box="[724,758,1868,1892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">15,</emphasis>
|
||
forewing venation, postmarginal vein to top. Abbreviations: anl = anellus; frl = frenal line; hys = hypopygial setae; lb = labrum; mps = multiporous plate sensilla; mrs = marginal rim of scutellum; pmv = postmarginal vein; stv = stigmal vein; vlf = 3rd valvifer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |