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<document id="005A9E29C38CF9E375061805E910FB86" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5426087" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630396531981" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Bustamante-Gil, Carolina, Boltovskoy, Andrés, Rengefors, Karin, Tavera, Rosaluz, Amat, Eduardo &amp; Ramírez-Restrepo, Jhon J." docDate="2021" docId="03D587FFD2029D213AD4DB64EA3EFD4F" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.509.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 509 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Peridinium willei Huitfeldt-Kaas 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="FFECFF87D2159D383A5CD938EE70FFFA" masterDocTitle="Checklist, new records, and taxonomic annotations of freshwater thecate dinoflagellate (Dinophyceae) in Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="167" masterPageNumber="135" pageNumber="158" updateTime="1699261137944" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="C111AD63979CC7A9B8279D31F7B7692A">Checklist, new records, and taxonomic annotations of freshwater thecate dinoflagellate (Dinophyceae) in Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2FA81CA48EF93D71D3F90B8D30A04EBB">Boltovskoy, Andrés</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="161008BF6AD2BA284B61FE900140955A">Rengefors, Karin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="95CEFE846F2D16A412793D880EEAD4AA">Tavera, Rosaluz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9EA004AB6EF5FBCBED7B6C7F02121295">Laboratorio Algas Continentales, Ecología y Taxonomía. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. r _ tavera @ ciencias. unam. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3921 - 1326</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7B3A0839D7F1942AB140202692BDF5F6">Amat, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A5C7C348A230AE117CCD71F99E6D6F17">Grupo de Investigación Bioforense, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Forenses, Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C00A45272A63ACC91B119FF6DE53BB53">Ramírez-Restrepo, Jhon J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="197AE0F0A17ECD44B3DFD8C9509BC929">Grupo de Limnología Básica y Experimental y Biología y Taxonomía Marina, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. &amp; johnra 77 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7644 - 9494</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="1D2EA641FDD4E5B05461F6393494C244">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="75A9EABCB1F230137BF1A95A3E0242F0">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="89AB1868A7D62D24F06FD5D870B54432">509</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D78C20A66F099A564BC1BA3C16BB6CE0" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AD4DB64ECAFFD8D" blockId="23.[136,735,604,632]" box="[136,735,604,632]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AD2029D2F3AD4DB64EC18FD82" authority="Huitfeldt-Kaas (1900: 5)" authorityName="Huitfeldt-Kaas" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1900" box="[136,616,604,632]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="willei">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD2029D2F3AD4DB64EF20FD8D" bold="true" box="[136,336,604,631]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Peridinium willei</emphasis>
Huitfeldt-Kaas (1900:5)
</taxonomicName>
.
<figureCitation id="13472A6CD2029D2F382FDB65ECAFFD8D" box="[627,735,605,631]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Peridinium willei f. willei: A. Ventral view. B. Plate 1. Bar=10µm. P. willei f. lineatum: C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Dorsal apical view. F. Lateral view. G. Antapical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Figure 16</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AD4DB91EE85FD44" blockId="23.[136,799,681,775]" box="[136,245,681,702]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Synonyms:</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AD4DBF5EC6BFD19" blockId="23.[136,799,681,775]" box="[136,539,717,739]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AD2029D2F3AD4DBF5EF4DFD18" authorityName="Garbini" authorityYear="1902" box="[136,317,717,738]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="alatum">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD2029D2F3AD4DBF5EF4DFD18" box="[136,317,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Peridinium alatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Garbini (1902: 122)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AD4DBC9ED6FFCFD" blockId="23.[136,799,681,775]" box="[136,799,753,775]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AD2029D2F3AD4DBC9EFAFFCFC" box="[136,479,753,774]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="variety" species="willei" variety="carinthiacum">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD2029D2F3AD4DBC9EF5FFCFC" box="[136,303,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Peridinium willei</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD2029D2F3B03DBC9EFAFFCFC" box="[351,479,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">carinthiacum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Beck-Mannagetta (1931: 229)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AD4DA0DEC15FCAA" blockId="23.[136,1452,821,1928]" box="[136,613,821,848]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Dimensions: L: 4974 µm, Td: 3267 µm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AE1DA61EC83FC62" blockId="23.[136,1452,821,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">
Cell shape: Highly variable, from sub-spherical to deflated ball shape, that is, with a strong sinking in the ventral part of the epitheca as in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AD2029D2F3BFDDA46ECF3FC6D" box="[417,643,893,919]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" form="lineatum" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="form" species="willeli">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD2029D2F3BFDDA46EC73FC6D" box="[417,515,893,919]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">P. willeli</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD2029D2F387DDA45ECF3FC6D" box="[545,643,893,919]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">lineatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A6CD2029D2F38CFDA45EC96FC62" box="[659,742,893,920]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Peridinium willei f. willei: A. Ventral view. B. Plate 1. Bar=10µm. P. willei f. lineatum: C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Dorsal apical view. F. Lateral view. G. Antapical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AE1DA99EC39FBD2" blockId="23.[136,1452,821,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">
Thecal characteristics: Tabulation, 4ʹ, 3a, 7ʹʹ, 5C, 6S, 5ʹʹʹ, 2ʹʹʹʹ. Without apical pore. In the spherical specimens, the plates are more uniform in the term of development of their axis. Plate 1ʹ very variable, from an almost rhombic shape (
<figureCitation id="13472A6CD2029D2F3ACCDAD1EE84FBFE" box="[144,244,1001,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Peridinium willei f. willei: A. Ventral view. B. Plate 1. Bar=10µm. P. willei f. lineatum: C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Dorsal apical view. F. Lateral view. G. Antapical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
) to fan-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13472A6CD2029D2F3BF0DAD1EC63FBFE" box="[428,531,1001,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Peridinium willei f. willei: A. Ventral view. B. Plate 1. Bar=10µm. P. willei f. lineatum: C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Dorsal apical view. F. Lateral view. G. Antapical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
). Plate 2a is of hexa symmetrical
<typeStatus id="54C7884BD2029D2F39D3DAD2EDCFFBFE" box="[911,959,1002,1028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A6CD2029D2F3993DAD1EAD7FBFE" box="[975,1191,1001,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Peridinium willei f. willei: A. Ventral view. B. Plate 1. Bar=10µm. P. willei f. lineatum: C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Dorsal apical view. F. Lateral view. G. Antapical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Figs. 16D and 16E</figureCitation>
). The adcingular plates
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AD2029D2F3AD4DD35EF51FBDD" box="[136,289,1037,1063]" form="cingular" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" rank="form">form cingular</taxonomicName>
lists typical for the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AE1DD09ED1AFB95" blockId="23.[136,1452,821,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Cingulum and sulcus: Descendent cingulum. The sulcus penetrates slightly into the epitheca and reaches the antapex, being narrower in the anterior part and wider posteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AE1DD41ECAFFB4D" blockId="23.[136,1452,821,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">
Ecdysial opening: As in most of the species of the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F3933DD41EA34FB6E" author="Boltovskoy, A." box="[879,1092,1145,1172]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" pagination="331 - 344" refId="ref13578" refString="Boltovskoy, A. (1973 b) Peridinium gatunense Nygaard. Estructura y estereoultraestructura tecal (Dinoflagellida). Physis (Buenos Aires) B 32: 331 - 344." type="journal article" year="1973">Boltovskoy 1973b</bibRefCitation>
) the opening is a result of the detachment of the seven dorsal plates of the epitheca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AE1DDF9EF23FA6A" blockId="23.[136,1452,821,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">
Ornamentation: The main thecal plates have a relief reticulum formed by solid cords and nodules, with pores inside the alveolus. Tabular margins bordered by slightly prominent marginal ridges. A remarkable difference with the other species of the genus, except with
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AD2029D2F381CDC32ECB5FAD9" authorityName="Lemmermann" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Hedger et al." baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[576,709,1289,1315]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="limbatum">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD2029D2F381CDC32ECB5FAD9" box="[576,709,1289,1315]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">P. limbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is the development of three hyaline lists arisen from the marginal ridges of the anterior edges of the plates 2ʹ+4ʹ, 1a+3ʹ+3a and 2a. (
<figureCitation id="13472A6CD2029D2F3907DC15EDD9FAB2" box="[859,937,1325,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Peridinium willei f. willei: A. Ventral view. B. Plate 1. Bar=10µm. P. willei f. lineatum: C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Dorsal apical view. F. Lateral view. G. Antapical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
C-F). These lists are continuous strips situated perpendicularly to the sagittal plane. At the antapex there are also lists, located on eiher side of the posterior end of the sulcus (
<figureCitation id="13472A6CD2029D2F3A81DC4DEF36FA6A" box="[221,326,1397,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Peridinium willei f. willei: A. Ventral view. B. Plate 1. Bar=10µm. P. willei f. lineatum: C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Dorsal apical view. F. Lateral view. G. Antapical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Fig. 16G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AE1DCA1EF9EFA2D" blockId="23.[136,1452,821,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">
Localities: Riogrande II reservoir in North-west, De La Regadera reservoir, Chisacá, La Cristalina, Media, and El Pozo lakes in central
<collectingCountry id="F36B7679D2029D2F3B24DC85EF9AFA2D" box="[376,490,1469,1495]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AE1DCD9EEA1F8E1" blockId="23.[136,1452,821,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">
Commentaries: Two forms of this species were found in the analyzed samples, the
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AD2029D2F3ED3DCD9EABDFA01" authorityName="Huitfeldt-Kaas" authorityYear="1900" box="[1167,1229,1505,1531]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="willei">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD2029D2F3ED3DCD9EABDFA01" box="[1167,1229,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">willei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AD2029D2F3E84DCD9EB3BFA01" box="[1240,1355,1505,1531]" form="with" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" rank="form">form with</taxonomicName>
1ʹ plate expands laterally in an extraordinary way (
<figureCitation id="13472A6CD2029D2F3835DF3DECBDF9DA" box="[617,717,1541,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Peridinium willei f. willei: A. Ventral view. B. Plate 1. Bar=10µm. P. willei f. lineatum: C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Dorsal apical view. F. Lateral view. G. Antapical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
) and the lateral epithecal plates and especially those of the apical region are tapered, forming two strips that run the epitheca from side to side (
<figureCitation id="13472A6CD2029D2F39B9DF11EAC6F9BE" box="[997,1206,1577,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Peridinium willei f. willei: A. Ventral view. B. Plate 1. Bar=10µm. P. willei f. lineatum: C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Dorsal apical view. F. Lateral view. G. Antapical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Figs. 16E and 16F</figureCitation>
). In this case, 1ʹʹ plate is three times shorter than 7ʹʹ plate (
<figureCitation id="13472A6CD2029D2F3841DF75ECF2F992" box="[541,642,1613,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Peridinium willei f. willei: A. Ventral view. B. Plate 1. Bar=10µm. P. willei f. lineatum: C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Dorsal apical view. F. Lateral view. G. Antapical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
) and cingular lists are more prominent. These specimens were found in Chisacá and El Pozo (lakes) and were larger than those of
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F3976DF49EA7EF971" author="Boltovskoy, A." box="[810,1038,1649,1675]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" refId="ref13675" refString="Boltovskoy, A. (1999 a) Contribucion al conocimiento de los dinoflagelados de la Republica Argentina. Universidad de La Plata. 148 pp." type="book" year="1999">Boltovskoy (1999a)</bibRefCitation>
. The
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD2029D2F3E13DF49EAC1F971" box="[1103,1201,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">lineatum</emphasis>
form (
<figureCitation id="13472A6CD2029D2F3F5DDF49EB19F976" box="[1281,1385,1649,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Peridinium willei f. willei: A. Ventral view. B. Plate 1. Bar=10µm. P. willei f. lineatum: C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Dorsal apical view. F. Lateral view. G. Antapical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
) with 1ʹ plate rhombic shape (
<figureCitation id="13472A6CD2029D2F3BC5DFADEC70F94A" box="[409,512,1685,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Peridinium willei f. willei: A. Ventral view. B. Plate 1. Bar=10µm. P. willei f. lineatum: C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Dorsal apical view. F. Lateral view. G. Antapical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
), these were found in Riogrande II and De La Regadera (reservoirs), La Cristalina and Media (lakes), was in the range of the measures cited by the same author (
<tableCitation id="C6FE0352D2029D2F39ABDF81EA3DF929" box="[1015,1101,1721,1747]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="25.[136,224,159,183]" captionText="TABLE 9. Variation of length (L) and trans-diameter (Td) of Peridinium willei in Colombia. (n=10 in each locality)" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Table 9</tableCitation>
) and larger than those reported in previous taxonomic studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F3BAEDFE5EC88F90D" author="Hansen, G. &amp; Flaim, G." box="[498,760,1757,1783]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" pagination="107 - 141" refId="ref15090" refString="Hansen, G. &amp; Flaim, G. (2007) Dinoflagellates of the Trentino Province, Italy. Journal of Limnology 66: 107 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.4081 / jlimnol. 2007.107" type="journal article" year="2007">Hansen &amp; Flaim 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F395BDFE5ED9AF90D" author="Huitfeld-Kaas, H." box="[775,1002,1757,1783]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref15293" refString="Huitfeld-Kaas, H. (1900) Die limnetischen Peridineen in norwegischen Binnenseen. Videnskabsselskabets Skritter. I. Mathematisknaturvidenskabelig Klasse 2: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1900">Huitfeld-Kaas 1900</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F39A5DFE5EAC8F90D" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Croome, R. L. &amp; Tyler, P. A." box="[1017,1208,1757,1783]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" pagination="111 - 129" refId="ref15652" refString="Ling, H. U., Croome, R. L. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (1989) Freshwater dinoflagellates of Tasmania, a survey of taxonomy and distribution. British Phycological Journal 24: 111 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00071618900650111" type="journal article" year="1989">
Ling
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD2029D2F3E64DFE6EA03F90D" box="[1080,1139,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">et al.</emphasis>
1989
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F3E9BDFE6EEB5F8E1" author="Moestrup, O. &amp; Calado, A. J." pageId="23" pageNumber="158" refId="ref16007" refString="Moestrup, O. &amp; Calado, A. J. (2018) Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 6. Dinophyceae. B. Budel, G. Gartner, L. Krienitz &amp; M. Schagerl (Eds.) Springer, Berlin, 561 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 662 - 56269 - 7 _ 7" type="book" year="2018">Moestrup &amp; Calado 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D2029D2F3AE1DE1DEB54F87D" blockId="23.[136,1452,821,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">
World distribution: This species has a wide distribution in Europe, Asia and
<collectingCountry id="F36B7679D2029D2F3E4BDE1DEA3DF8C5" box="[1047,1101,1829,1855]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F3E00DE1DEBF1F8C5" author="Moestrup, O. &amp; Calado, A. J." box="[1116,1409,1829,1855]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" refId="ref16007" refString="Moestrup, O. &amp; Calado, A. J. (2018) Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 6. Dinophyceae. B. Budel, G. Gartner, L. Krienitz &amp; M. Schagerl (Eds.) Springer, Berlin, 561 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 662 - 56269 - 7 _ 7" type="book" year="2018">Moestrup &amp; Calado 2018</bibRefCitation>
). In Central and South America in
<collectingCountry id="F36B7679D2029D2F3B81DE71EC3CF899" box="[477,588,1865,1891]" name="Argentina" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F3800DE71ED52F899" author="Boltovskoy, A." box="[604,802,1865,1891]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref13758" refString="Boltovskoy, A. (2003) Peridinium willei (Dinophyceae) y sus formas: ecologia y distribucion en la Argentina. Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica 38: 175 - 184." type="journal article" year="2003">Boltovskoy 2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F36B7679D2029D2F396ADE71EDF8F899" box="[822,904,1865,1891]" name="Bolivia" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F39C4DE71EA01F899" author="Iltis, A. &amp; Coute, A." box="[920,1137,1865,1891]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" pagination="279 - 280" refId="ref15320" refString="Iltis, A. &amp; Coute, A. (1984) Peridiniales (Algae, Pyrrophyta) de Bolivie. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 17: 279 - 280." type="journal article" year="1984">Iltis &amp; Couté 1984</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F36B7679D2029D2F3ED8DE71EAB8F899" box="[1156,1224,1865,1891]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F3E84DE71EEB3F87D" author="Fonseca, B. M. &amp; Bicudo, C. E. M." pageId="23" pageNumber="158" pagination="267 - 282" refId="ref14992" refString="Fonseca, B. M. &amp; Bicudo, C. E. M. (2008) Phytoplankton seasonal variation in a shallow stratified eutrophic reservoir (Garcas Pond, Brazil). Hydrobiologia 600: 267 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 007 - 9240 - 9" type="journal article" year="2008">Fonseca &amp; Bicudo 2008</bibRefCitation>
; Cardoso
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD2029D2F3B6FDE56EF1BF87D" box="[307,363,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">et al.</emphasis>
2010),
<collectingCountry id="F36B7679D2029D2F3B9DDE55EC5FF87D" box="[449,559,1901,1927]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F3862DE55ED50F872" author="Cardozo, A. Y. &amp; Bermudez, A. &amp; Aranguren, N. &amp; Duque, S. R." box="[574,800,1901,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" pagination="80 - 88" refId="ref13965" refString="Cardozo, A. Y., Bermudez, A., Aranguren, N. &amp; Duque, S. R. (2005) Algas planctonicas del lago de Tota: listado taxonomico actualizado. Ciencia y desarrollo 2: 80 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.19053 / issn. 0121 - 7488" type="journal article" year="2005">
Cardozo
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD2029D2F38FADE56ECAEF87D" box="[678,734,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F3970DE56EDADF87D" author="Donato-R, J." box="[812,989,1901,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" refId="ref14531" refString="Donato-R, J. (2001) Fitoplancton de los lagos andinos del norte de Sudamerica (Colombia). Composicion y factores de distribucion. Coleccion. F. y N. Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas (Ed.) Bogota, D C. 232 pp." type="book" year="2001">Donato-R 2001</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="F36B7679D2029D2F3E7CDE55EA06F87D" box="[1056,1142,1901,1927]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="158">México</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18D2029D2F3ED8DE55EB68F87D" author="Loffler, H." box="[1156,1304,1901,1927]" pageId="23" pageNumber="158" pagination="397 - 408" refId="ref15766" refString="Loffler, H. (1972) Contribution to the limnology of high mountain lakes in Central America. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 57: 397 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19720570304" type="journal article" year="1972">Löffler 1972</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF036661D20D9D203AD4DE40ECEAF848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426119" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5426119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426119/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="159" startId="24.[136,229,1912,1934]" targetBox="[151,1436,191,1887]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D20D9D203AD4DE40ECEAF848" blockId="24.[136,1452,1912,1970]" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20D9D203AD4DE40EF79F877" bold="true" box="[136,265,1912,1934]" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AD20D9D203B52DE40EC02F874" authority="f. willei: A. Ventral" authorityName="A. Ventral" box="[270,626,1912,1934]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" form="willei" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="24" pageNumber="159" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="form" species="willei">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20D9D203B52DE40EFC5F877" box="[270,437,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">Peridinium willei</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20D9D203B92DE40EC73F877" box="[462,515,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">willei</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20D9D20384CDE40EC57F877" bold="true" box="[528,551,1912,1933]" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">A.</emphasis>
Ventral
</taxonomicName>
view.
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20D9D2038ECDE40ECB6F877" bold="true" box="[688,710,1912,1933]" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">B.</emphasis>
Plate 1. Bar=10µm.
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AD20D9D2039C9DE41EACCF874" authority=": C. Ventral" authorityName="C. Ventral" box="[917,1212,1912,1934]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" form="lineatum" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="24" pageNumber="159" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="form" species="willei">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20D9D2039C9DE41ED91F877" box="[917,993,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">P. willei</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20D9D2039A6DE40EA3EF877" box="[1018,1102,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">lineatum</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20D9D203E06DE40EA02F874" bold="true" box="[1114,1138,1912,1934]" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">C.</emphasis>
Ventral
</taxonomicName>
view.
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20D9D203EA6DE40EB62F877" bold="true" box="[1274,1298,1912,1933]" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">D.</emphasis>
Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20D9D203FC9DE40EBDCF877" bold="true" box="[1429,1452,1912,1933]" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">E.</emphasis>
Dorsal apical view.
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20D9D203B1ADEA4EF25F84B" bold="true" box="[326,341,1948,1969]" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">F</emphasis>
. Lateral view.
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20D9D203BB8DEA4EF8DF848" bold="true" box="[484,509,1948,1970]" pageId="24" pageNumber="159">G.</emphasis>
Antapical view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF036661D20C9D213AD4D9A7EB2EFF4D" box="[136,1374,159,183]" pageId="25" pageNumber="160" startId="25.[136,224,159,183]">
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D20C9D213AD4D9A7EB2EFF4D" blockId="25.[136,1374,159,183]" box="[136,1374,159,183]" pageId="25" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20C9D213AD4D9A7EE8BFF4D" bold="true" box="[136,251,159,183]" pageId="25" pageNumber="160">TABLE 9.</emphasis>
Variation of length (L) and trans-diameter (Td) of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AD20C9D213945D9A7EDA3FF4D" authorityName="Huitfeldt-Kaas" authorityYear="1900" box="[793,979,159,183]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="25" pageNumber="160" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="willei">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBD20C9D213945D9A7EDA3FF4D" box="[793,979,159,183]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="160">Peridinium willei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Colombia. (n=10 in each locality)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D20C9D213ACFD9E2EA14FF0A" blockId="25.[147,1124,218,240]" box="[147,1124,218,240]" pageId="25" pageNumber="160">Locality L (µm) Td (µm)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D20C9D213ACFD81EEA3FFEC1" blockId="25.[147,1103,293,315]" box="[147,1103,293,315]" pageId="25" pageNumber="160">De La Regadera 5574 4362</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D20C9D213ACFD849EA3FFE7D" blockId="25.[147,1103,369,391]" box="[147,1103,369,391]" pageId="25" pageNumber="160">Riogrande II 5363 4752</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D20C9D213ACFD885EA3EFE28" blockId="25.[147,1102,444,466]" box="[147,1102,444,466]" pageId="25" pageNumber="160">La Cristalina 6070 5167</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D20C9D213ACFDB30EA3FFDE7" blockId="25.[147,1103,520,542]" box="[147,1103,520,542]" pageId="25" pageNumber="160">Media 5359 3948</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D20C9D213ACFDB6CEA3EFD93" blockId="25.[147,1102,595,618]" box="[147,1102,595,618]" pageId="25" pageNumber="160">El Pozo 4961 3253</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9D20C9D213AC5DBA7EA3EFD4F" blockId="25.[153,1102,671,693]" box="[153,1102,671,693]" pageId="25" pageNumber="160">Total Variation 4974 3267</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>