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<document id="D30FEAD03E3D4B25691B6772AE9D2B5A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3740269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3740269" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586037971521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonaccorso, Frank" docDate="2019" docId="03D587F2FFCB4C00FF1B25C9F5DEF52E" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Taphozous melanopogon Temminck 1841" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="353" masterDocId="FFECFF8AFFCF4C04FFA53577FFF8FFE9" masterDocTitle="Emballonuridae" masterLastPageNumber="373" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="353" updateTime="1698735528461" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="AFEE543C29F8092DBAF444B314C0690F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="706A0122F1F24EB07CF0FA1962005E8F">
<mods:title id="AF2AFB652B2B7CEEE6EF5580E6F855D2">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="37E4A1B5E0E426566727B2BE25799DA4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CA6B53C2CBDF46D9FB4730C64FFFB5CE">
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<mods:namePart id="558D2290EB4D479E19EFA51CA33FDA8B">Bonaccorso, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4AF48412D3B72371DDA2B1019858C53B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="5DF2DD92FEBA2F998086DF01FBC111AE">2019</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther id="375A9436FE353E9E0C96949BE3423F34" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher id="E5AF929504D1D5459FEAAF466519C745">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="58BBC5FA929DB7C44568971F2F72A64E">
<mods:placeTerm id="5C4BE83A6CCA77E67859099F93AB60FD">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:role id="C079EDC9C06CE2CC68C71EE78A96ED85">
<mods:roleTerm id="B3506AA3F4BA437B16AA801C47BF236D">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5914916ACB1DF09608CC0A80989C285A">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="79B80BCEBCF9C2BFA31DF2632FED9F56" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2172C00D87A8A7963F3F6F95CE2ACCF9">
<mods:roleTerm id="283BD5C987BD4FF1AA96AE5D5A4225CD">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3EB88D3842147ABB7D0B388A54BE52D3">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:titleInfo id="EF0927CB882D1587F3A8A5E63060424A">
<mods:title id="A31523B01A88D7FE9135498BA49DCB00">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8D4C15CB88FDB3980684FFE27F7F20C1">
<mods:extent id="43FD8012564E6D56CB14373FD5DED8BB" unit="page">
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<mods:classification id="D386D81FD36FF7308F71089FD7BC4990">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D36FC2DDF71E5B4E47C19B00298CB2B5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3740269</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5261294E0267AB7D09C6671577390723" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B0452C36E5E1187ADBC4E1837AD9934C" type="Zenodo-Dep">3740269</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D587F2FFCB4C00FF1B25C9F5DEF52E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810751" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810751" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFCB4C00FF1B25C9F5DEF52E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFCB4C00FF1B25C9F5DEF52E" lastPageNumber="353" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FF1B25C9FC4DEF12" box="[190,949,4286,4347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1B25C9FC4DEF12" blockId="4.[190,1624,4286,4347]" box="[190,949,4286,4347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<figureCitation id="13472A61FFCB4C00FF1B25C9FF19EF12" box="[190,225,4286,4347]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[173,216,4419,4446]" captionTargetBox="[177,3496,132,4697]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages: 4. Hamilton'sTomb Bat [Taphozous hamiltoni); 5. Hildegarde'sTomb Bat (Taphozous hildegardeae}; 6. Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous longimanus); 7. Black-beardedTomb Bat (Taphozous melanopogoh); 8. Theobald'sTomb Bat (Taphozous theobaldi); 9. Indonesian Tomb Bat (Taphozous achates); 10. Arnhem Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous kapalgensis}; 11. Coastal Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous australis}; 12. Common Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous georgianus); 13. Hill's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous hilli); 14. Troughton's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous troughtoni); 15. Pel's Pouched Bat (Saccolaimus peli); 16. Bare-rumped Sheathtailed Bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus); 17. Papuan Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus mixtus); 18. Yellow-bellied Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740271/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF1B25C9FF19EF12" bold="true" box="[190,225,4286,4347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">7</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FEA425C9FC4DEF12" box="[257,949,4286,4347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Black-bearded Tomb Bat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FC5825C9F9A0EF12" box="[1021,1624,4286,4347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FC5825C9F9A0EF12" blockId="4.[190,1624,4286,4347]" box="[1021,1624,4286,4347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00FC5825C9F9A0EF12" ID-CoL="7WZCR" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1841" box="[1021,1624,4286,4347]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopogon">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FC5825C9F9A0EF12" box="[1021,1624,4286,4347]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Taphozous melanopogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FF19247CF9D6EECA" box="[188,1582,4360,4387]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF19247CF9D6EECA" blockId="4.[188,1582,4360,4387]" box="[188,1582,4360,4387]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
French: Taphien à barbe noire /
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FDC6247CFD26EEC8" bold="true" box="[611,734,4363,4385]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">German:</emphasis>
Schwarzbart-Grabfledermaus
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FBD1247FFB87EECA" box="[1140,1151,4360,4387]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">I</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FB22247CFAF9EEC8" bold="true" box="[1159,1281,4363,4385]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Spanish:</emphasis>
Tafozo de barba negra
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FF1C241DFB7DEE78" box="[185,1157,4458,4497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1C241DFB7DEE78" blockId="4.[185,1795,4458,4616]" box="[185,1157,4458,4497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF1C241DFE7EEE78" box="[185,390,4458,4497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Taxonomy</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00FE3B241DFB86EE78" ID-CoL="7WZCR" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1841" box="[414,1150,4458,4497]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopogon">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FE3B241DFDA9EE78" box="[414,593,4458,4497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Taphozous</emphasis>
melanopogonTemminck, 1841
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FB37241DF938EE78" box="[1170,1728,4458,4497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FB37241DF938EE78" blockId="4.[185,1795,4458,4616]" box="[1170,1728,4458,4497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFCB4C00FB37241DF942EE78" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781800" box="[1170,1722,4458,4497]" country="Indonesia" location="Bantam, Westjava" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
<location id="8EA3603FFFCB4C00FB37241DFA12EE78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFCB4C00FF1B25C9F5DEF52E:8EA3603FFFCB4C00FB37241DFA12EE78" box="[1170,1514,4458,4497]" country="Indonesia" name="Bantam, Westjava" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Bantam, Westjava</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFCB4C00FA5B241DF942EE78" box="[1534,1722,4458,4497]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FF1A24E8F922EE12" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1A24E8F922EE12" blockId="4.[185,1795,4458,4616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00FF1A24E8FDA6EE2F" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1841" box="[191,606,4511,4550]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopogon">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF1A24E8FDA6EE2F" box="[191,606,4511,4550]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Taphozous melanopogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in the subgenus
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FC4524E8FB61EE2F" box="[992,1177,4511,4550]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00FC4524E8FB6CEE2F" box="[992,1172,4511,4550]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Taphozous</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Subspecies
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FA2624E8F98BEE2F" box="[1411,1651,4511,4550]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">philippinensis</emphasis>
named by G.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FE8224A3FEB3EE12" bold="true" box="[295,331,4564,4603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">R.</emphasis>
Waterhouse in 1845 is now considered invalid. Four subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00F539342FF57AFBDA" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="discussion">
<caption id="DF03666CFFCB4C00F539342FF57AFBDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747916" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3747916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3747916/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" targetBox="[1890,2682,351,910]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F539342FF340FE96" blockId="4.[2707,3514,344,916]" box="[2716,3256,344,383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<heading id="D08B8188FFCB4C00F539342FF340FE96" bold="true" box="[2716,3256,344,383]" fontSize="10" level="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F539342FF340FE96" bold="true" box="[2716,3256,344,383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F50434FAF240FDF6" blockId="4.[2707,3514,344,916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F57534FAF50FFE5D" box="[2768,2807,397,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">m.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00F4AC34FAF2D1FE5D" authority="Temminck, 1841" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1841" box="[2825,3369,397,436]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopogon">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F4AC34FAF41DFE5D" box="[2825,3045,397,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">melanopogon</emphasis>
Temminck, 1841
</taxonomicName>
—
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F2F834FAF242FE5D" box="[3421,3514,397,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">from</emphasis>
Java through Lesser Sundas including Lombok, Sumbawa, Moyo, Alor Is, and Timor I.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F53A375AF28EFDBD" blockId="4.[2707,3514,344,916]" box="[2719,3446,557,596]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F568375AF48CFDBD" box="[2765,2932,557,596]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">m. bicolor</emphasis>
Temminck, 1841 — E India.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F53A3714F24CFD63" blockId="4.[2707,3514,344,916]" box="[2719,3508,611,650]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F56E3714F464FD63" box="[2763,2972,611,650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">m. cavaticus</emphasis>
Hollister, 1913-W Sumatra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F53A37EFF24AFCC3" blockId="4.[2707,3514,344,916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F57F37EFF45DFD56" box="[2778,2981,664,703]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">m. fretensis</emphasis>
Thomas, 1916 - Borneo, over scattered locations from N Sabah to Sarawak and S Martapura in S Kalimantan.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F53B364FF57AFBDA" blockId="4.[2707,3514,344,916]" lastBlockId="4.[1888,3512,930,2759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00F53B364FF3B7FCB6" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1841" box="[2718,3151,824,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopogon">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F53B364FF3B7FCB6" box="[2718,3151,824,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Taphozous melanopogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs from Sri Lanka and India through S China and SE Asia into islands of Indonesia including Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Is, Sulawesi, and many smaller islands, also in the Philippines. Subspecies to which many of these populations belong are unknown.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00F8C13148F27EF944" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F8C13148F27EF944" blockId="4.[1888,3512,930,2759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
Descriptive
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F7EF3148F742FB8F" bold="true" box="[2122,2234,1087,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">notes.</emphasis>
Head—body 67—86 mm, ear 21—23 mm, hindfoot 13—15 mm, tail 11 -9—26 mm, forearm 60—68 mm; weight 21—26 g. Dorsum of the Black-bearded Tomb Bat ranges from
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F70D31DCF700FB3B" box="[2216,2296,1195,1234]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">very</emphasis>
dark brown in younger individuals to paler cinnamon drab in mature males. Basal part of hairs is pale pinkish buff in mature adult males and white in juveniles and young adults. Venter is paler than dorsum. Females in India often have a more reddish hue and hairs of young individuals are brown, and mature adults are tawny olive. Throat beard of adult males is dense mat of black hairs up to 25 mm long across full width of throat. Proximal one-third of forearm is furred along inner dorsal surface and same color as dorsum. Ear is
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F552309FF496F9E6" box="[2807,2926,1512,1551]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">lightly</emphasis>
furred along external margin.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F8C4336BF831F9AA" box="[1889,1993,1564,1603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Wing</emphasis>
membranes are predominately sepia. Uropatagium is lightly furred
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F367336BF2FCF9AA" box="[3266,3332,1564,1603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">but</emphasis>
becomes dense near tail. Tail is thickened at tip. Legs and feet are hairy. There are well-developed radio-metacarpal sacs in wings.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F5B933F1F57CF944" box="[2588,2692,1670,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Wing</emphasis>
membrane attaches above ankle to tibia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00F8C633CCF4ADF761" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F8C633CCF265F90B" blockId="4.[1888,3512,930,2759]" box="[1891,3485,1723,1762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F8C633CCF80AF90B" box="[1891,2034,1723,1762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Habitat</emphasis>
. Many forest habitats and urban areas from sea level to
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F3AE33CCF3A5F90B" box="[3083,3165,1723,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">hilly</emphasis>
areas at
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F2A433CCF2EDF90B" box="[3329,3349,1723,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">c</emphasis>
.800 m.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F8C73387F353F8FE" blockId="4.[1888,3512,930,2759]" box="[1890,3243,1776,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F8C73387F73DF8FE" bold="true" box="[1890,2245,1776,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F8C73387F745F8FE" box="[1890,2237,1776,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The Black-bearded Tomb Bat feeds on aerial
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F3803387F35EF8FE" box="[3109,3238,1776,1815]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">insects</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F8C63253F26CF85C" blockId="4.[1888,3512,930,2759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F8C63253F7EEF8A2" bold="true" box="[1891,2070,1828,1867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F8C63253F7F6F8A2" box="[1891,2062,1828,1867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Breeding</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Some colonies of Black-bearded Tomb Bats are unisexual. Single
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F3563253F293F8A2" box="[3315,3435,1828,1867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">young</emphasis>
are bom after gestation of 120-125
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F60C322EF604F869" box="[2473,2556,1881,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">days</emphasis>
. Beard ofmales becomes wet with secretions during breeding season,
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F70032F9F686F85C" box="[2213,2430,1934,1973]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">presumably</emphasis>
related to chemical communication related to breeding.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F8C532B4F2BDF7F6" blockId="4.[1888,3512,930,2759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F8C532B4F76CF803" bold="true" box="[1888,2196,1987,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Black-bearded Tomb Bat roosts in well-lit areas in caves including sea caves, large rock crevices, and buildings including temples, mines, and tunnels.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F8C73D5AF4ADF761" blockId="4.[1888,3512,930,2759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F8C73D5AF6B9F7BD" bold="true" box="[1890,2369,2093,2132]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Movements, Home range</emphasis>
and Social organization. Roosting colonies ofBlack-bearded Tomb Bats range from a few individuals to thousands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00F8C63DE1F5DEF52E" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F8C63DE1F533F5C6" blockId="4.[1888,3512,930,2759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F8C63DE1F6BDF754" box="[1891,2373,2198,2237]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
Status and
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F7E33DE1F6BDF754" bold="true" box="[2118,2373,2198,2237]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Conservation</emphasis>
</emphasis>
. Classified as Least Concern on 77
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F3A33DE1F2B5F754" box="[3078,3405,2198,2237]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">ie IUCN Red List.</emphasis>
The Black-bearded Tomb Bat has a large distribution and
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F42E3DBDF390F718" box="[2955,3176,2250,2289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">presumably</emphasis>
large and stable overall population. Some populations occur in protected reserves. Because it will inhabit secondary forests and anthropogenic habitats, it appears to have locally stable or slightly decreasing populations. In South Asia, the Black-bearded Tomb Bat is regionally threatened by habitat loss from commercial logging and agriculture and disturbance to roost caves by humans. Local subsistence hunting of larger colonies in cave roosts occurs in Laos and the Philippines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00F8C63F34F5DEF52E" blockId="4.[1888,3512,930,2759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F8C63F34F7C9F5B7" bold="true" box="[1891,2097,2627,2654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Bates &amp; Harrison (1997), Flannery (1995b),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F56E3F34F4C2F5B7" box="[2763,2874,2627,2654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Heaney</emphasis>
eta/. (1998),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F3AB3F34F361F5B7" box="[3086,3225,2627,2654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Kitchener</emphasis>
&amp; Suyanto (1995),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F8C13F00F815F57B" box="[1892,2029,2679,2706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Kitchener</emphasis>
, Schmitt (1993), Lawrence (1939), Molur eta/. (2002),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F4B03F00F48FF57B" box="[2837,2935,2679,2706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Rickart</emphasis>
eta/. (1993), Sanborn (1952), Smith &amp;
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F8C73FDBF830F52E" box="[1890,1992,2732,2759]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">XieYan</emphasis>
(2008),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F7983FDBF76CF52E" box="[2109,2196,2732,2759]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Taylor</emphasis>
(1934), Waterhouse (1845).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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