220 lines
21 KiB
XML
220 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="8ABF90BB3DC3688BF91BB81A06FEE2B3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3740269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3740269" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586037971521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonaccorso, Frank" docDate="2019" docId="03D587F2FFC44C08F8D0325EFDF3FDD8" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Emballonura dianae Hill in Wolff 1956" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="361" masterDocId="FFECFF8AFFCF4C04FFA53577FFF8FFE9" masterDocTitle="Emballonuridae" masterLastPageNumber="373" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="360" updateTime="1698735528461" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="84C1F0BDA116ADFEE250E7BBF69A7C3D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EC09643898F8DFD6AF2912D9691E1607">
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<mods:title id="3C059940AA83C6D9AC4229DD4B9F865B">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="9EF9024FE451E1D1D1E3A225B5B62143" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7F30A61570C107F3B0E76138959AC579">Bonaccorso, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="5EA9BB67F97E1AF9E1C9943B7D3EDA39">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="7833ECF608C8A01548825204B85AF9E9" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="8E5042009B001C2C98E3B243E0777449">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="B66500F27D76E26D6E594DCD244B459E">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:name id="E7E6C545A1A51479D642C1F17A3976D3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2DCDA9DFD8A38ECC8D7D7549534FBBF9">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C45EDDCC27FA570845B8AF53E47488C7">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0C57CFB246DD0F2527EF2B9070712641" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CF9625597DEF57AB4066D94D6AC6B0C8">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CBC12D4DA7270C63828AD1AB693C02C1">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo id="4B51AF04008EB9763B1B12C68027E290">
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<mods:title id="8315CCF65B9201969034A48603E35C3C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="C58E368240F6A7F53DDA20DF1C29623C">350</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="FDFDB867E343BC647D059B52D38671A6">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4B5E4319CE54F170324FF6C7D5D456E7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3740269</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D27C070A671B09CC6391EBB5D8FDAA83" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D587F2FFC44C08F8D0325EFDF3FDD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810713" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810713" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFC44C08F8D0325EFDF3FDD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFC44C08F8D0325EFDF3FDD8" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC44C0FF8D0325EF4E7F88F" box="[1909,2847,1833,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF8D0325EF4E7F88F" blockId="11.[1909,3438,1833,1894]" box="[1909,2847,1833,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<figureCitation id="13472A61FFC44C0FF8D0325EF843F88F" box="[1909,1979,1833,1894]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="10.[178,221,4453,4480]" captionTargetBox="[182,3472,151,4663]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="On following pages: 22. New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura furati); 23. Beccari's Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura beccarti); 24. Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura dianae); 25. Seri'sSheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura sertii); 26. Pacific Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura semicaudata); 27. Western Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura tiavato); 28. Peters's Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura atrata); 29. African Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura afra); 30. Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura seychellensis); 31. Madagascar Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura kibomalandy); 32. Dark Sheath-tailed Bat (Mosia nigrescens); 33. Chestnut Sac-winged Bat (Cormura brevirostris); 34. Gray Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx plicata); 35. Thomas's Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx io); 36. Ecuadorian Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx infusca)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740273/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">24</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF879325EF4E7F88F" box="[2012,2847,1833,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC44C0FF4F8325EF296F88F" box="[2909,3438,1833,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF4F8325EF296F88F" blockId="11.[1909,3438,1833,1894]" box="[2909,3438,1833,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC44C0FF4F8325EF296F88F" ID-CoL="39FGH" authorityName="Hill in Wolff" authorityYear="1956" box="[2909,3438,1833,1894]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dianae">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF4F8325EF296F88F" box="[2909,3438,1833,1894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Emballonura dianae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC44C0FF8D1320FF2FEF879" box="[1908,3334,1909,1936]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF8D1320FF2FEF879" blockId="11.[1908,3334,1909,1936]" box="[1908,3334,1909,1936]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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French: Emballonure
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF7323202F741F879" box="[2199,2233,1909,1936]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">de</emphasis>
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Diana /
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF68D320FF65CF866" bold="true" box="[2344,2468,1912,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">German:</emphasis>
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Diana-reischwanzfledermaus /
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF4F9320FF420F867" bold="true" box="[2908,3032,1912,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Spanish:</emphasis>
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Embalonuro de Diana
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC44C0FF50C32ADF475F7DC" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF50C32ADF475F7DC" blockId="11.[2727,3526,2010,2578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF50C32ADF48CF7E8" box="[2729,2932,2010,2049]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Taxonomy</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC44C0FF43A32ADF47EF7DC" ID-CoL="39FGH" authority="Hill in Wolff, 1956" authorityName="Hill in Wolff" authorityYear="1956" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dianae">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF43A32ADF2E2F7E8" box="[2975,3354,2010,2049]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Emballonura dianae</emphasis>
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Hill in Wolff, 1956
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC44C0FF4383D79F2E0F783" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF4383D79F2E0F783" blockId="11.[2727,3526,2010,2578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFC44C0FF4383D79F2E0F783" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781785" country="Solomon Islands" location="Te-Abagua Cave, near Tigoa, Rennell Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
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<location id="8EA3603FFFC44C0FF4383D79F439F783" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFC44C08F8D0325EFDF3FDD8:8EA3603FFFC44C0FF4383D79F439F783" country="Solomon Islands" name="Te-Abagua Cave, near Tigoa, Rennell Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Te-Abagua Cave, near Tigoa, Rennell Island</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFC44C0FF4703D34F2EAF783" box="[3029,3346,2115,2154]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC44C0FF50C3D0FF2E4F776" box="[2729,3356,2168,2207]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF50C3D0FF2E4F776" blockId="11.[2727,3526,2010,2578]" box="[2729,3356,2168,2207]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Three subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC44C0FF50C3DDAF60FF593" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF03666CFFC44C0FF50C3DDAF60FF593" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3747944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3747944/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" targetBox="[1903,2698,2009,2567]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF50C3DDAF33DF73D" blockId="11.[2727,3526,2010,2578]" box="[2729,3269,2221,2260]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF50C3DDAF33DF73D" bold="true" box="[2729,3269,2221,2260]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF50D3D95F29FF6D7" blockId="11.[2727,3526,2010,2578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF50D3D95F4F3F6E0" box="[2728,2827,2274,2313]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">E. d.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC44C0FF48B3D95F373F6E0" authority="Hill, 1956" authorityName="Hill in Wolff" authorityYear="1956" box="[2862,3211,2274,2313]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dianae">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF48B3D95F45CF6E0" box="[2862,2980,2274,2313]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">dianae</emphasis>
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Hill, 1956
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</taxonomicName>
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- Solomon Is (Malaita, Guadalcanal, and Rennell).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF5023C3BF2FFF634" blockId="11.[2727,3526,2010,2578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF5023C3BF423F69A" box="[2727,3035,2380,2419]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">E. d. fruhstorferi</emphasis>
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Flannery, 1994 — Papua New Guinea (
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF3803CF6F33BF641" box="[3109,3267,2433,2472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Western</emphasis>
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, Southern Highlands, and Gulf provinces).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF5023C9CF60FF593" blockId="11.[2727,3526,2010,2578]" lastBlockId="11.[1894,3524,2590,4633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF5023C9CF438F5FB" box="[2727,3008,2539,2578]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">E. d. rickwooodi</emphasis>
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Flannery, 1994 - Bismarck Archipelago (Mussau, New Britain, and New Ireland Is), and N & W Solomon Is (Bougainville and Santa Isabel Is).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC44C0FF8D53FFFF4FEF3BC" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF8D53FFFF4FEF3BC" blockId="11.[1894,3524,2590,4633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF8D53FFFF738F546" bold="true" box="[1904,2240,2696,2735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF7683FFFF651F546" box="[2253,2473,2696,2735]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Head-body</emphasis>
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48-64 mm, tail 11-16 mm, ear 14-5-17-9 mm, hindfoot 7 9-9-1 mm, forearm 42-48 mm; weight 5-10-5 g. As reflected by its common name, the Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat has broad, funnel-like ears. Tragus is notched at its base and has small pointed projection at front upper margin. Lips are thick, and upper lip overhangs lower. Dorsal fur is bicolored, with red-brown to medium brown tips over whitish bases. Subspecies
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF65C3EE7F562F45E" box="[2553,2714,2960,2999]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">rickwoodi</emphasis>
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has tricolored ventral hair that is whitish at bases and tips and reddish brown in between; however, specimens from New Ireland have white throat and posterior margin of body. Subspecies
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF3B33E8EF324F3C9" box="[3094,3292,3065,3104]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">fruhstorferi</emphasis>
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shows little
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF8D53959F7C8F3BC" box="[1904,2096,3118,3157]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">difference</emphasis>
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between brown dorsal and ventral fur.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC44C0FF8CA3914F2FBEF9D" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF8CA3914F3A4F31A" blockId="11.[1894,3524,2590,4633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF8CA3914F807F363" box="[1903,2047,3171,3210]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Habitat</emphasis>
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. Rainforests and mossy (cloud) forests from sea level to elevations of at least 1400 m. On Mussau Island, Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bats were observed foraging along beaches and in forest clearings and groves of coconut palms.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF8CB3875F826F221" blockId="11.[1894,3524,2590,4633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF8CB3875F735F2C0" bold="true" box="[1902,2253,3330,3369]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF8CB3875F73EF2C0" box="[1902,2246,3330,3369]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat is insectivorous. Five individuals were captured in a short time in mist nets on New Britain Island when they were attracted to lights that primarily attracted moths, suggesting group foraging might occur.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF8CA38A3F51CF170" blockId="11.[1894,3524,2590,4633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF8CA38A3F7E4F212" box="[1903,2076,3540,3579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Breeding</emphasis>
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. Female Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bats carrying one embryo each have been collected in September, a lactating female was reported from June, and volant juveniles were reported in December. These scant data suggest the possibility that polyestry occurs with two birth peaks each year.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF8CE3BD0F552F085" blockId="11.[1894,3524,2590,4633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF8CE3BD0F750F127" bold="true" box="[1899,2216,3751,3790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat is crepuscular and roosts in dimly lit limestone cave entrances. Echolocation search call is a
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF4763BABF30AF0EA" box="[3027,3314,3804,3843]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">multiharmonic</emphasis>
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QFM call, with greatest energy of
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF6973A67F6BFF0DE" box="[2354,2375,3856,3895]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">c</emphasis>
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.35 kHz in second harmonic. Call begins with upsweep tick and terminates in
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF7613A32F6ECF085" box="[2244,2324,3909,3948]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">very</emphasis>
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slight downward tick.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C0FF8C83A0CF2FBEF9D" blockId="11.[1894,3524,2590,4633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF8C83A0CF4B6F04B" bold="true" box="[1901,2894,3963,4002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bats will cohabit
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF7C23AD8F70BF03F" box="[2151,2291,4015,4054]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">twilight</emphasis>
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zones of caves with multiple other species of bats including the New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF58F3A94F45EEFE3" box="[2602,2982,4067,4106]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
|
||
{
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC44C0FF59F3A94F46AEFE3" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" box="[2618,2962,4067,4106]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furax">Emballonura furax</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Raffray’s Sheath-tailed Bat
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF8D7256FF784EFD6" box="[1906,2172,4120,4159]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
|
||
{
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC44C0FF827256FF789EFD6" box="[1922,2161,4120,4159]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raffrayand">E. raffrayand</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and Beccari’s Sheath-tailed
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF507256FF433EFD6" box="[2722,3019,4120,4159]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
|
||
Bat {
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC44C0FF4A7256FF442EFD6" authorityName="Peters & Doria" authorityYear="1881" box="[2818,3002,4120,4159]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beccarii">E. beccarii</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Small groups
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF344256FF244EFD6" box="[3297,3516,4120,4159]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">individually</emphasis>
|
||
space themselves a few centimeters apart on vertical rock walls in day roosts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC44C08F8C825F6FE52FE27" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="11" pageNumber="360" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC44C08F8C825F6FE52FE27" blockId="11.[1894,3524,2590,4633]" lastBlockId="12.[164,1786,368,565]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF8C825F6F6C7EF41" bold="true" box="[1901,2367,4225,4264]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF8C825F6F6CFEF41" box="[1901,2359,4225,4264]" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">Status and Conservation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF43225F6F319EF41" box="[2967,3297,4225,4264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">The IUCNRed List.</emphasis>
|
||
The Largeeared Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF48925C1F3F0EF34" box="[2860,3080,4278,4317]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">presumably</emphasis>
|
||
large and stable overall population. Its widely scattered known localities where presence is confirmed are almost
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF85D2468F763EEAF" box="[2040,2203,4383,4422]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">certainly</emphasis>
|
||
due to lack of research rather than highly fragmented populations. Suitable conservation actions would be protection of known roosting caves and identification of additional
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF6DA24FEF5B8EE59" box="[2431,2624,4489,4528]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">important</emphasis>
|
||
roosting caves. The Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat is not known to occur in protected areas,
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC44C0FF55524C9F4C9EE0C" box="[2800,2865,4542,4581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="360">but</emphasis>
|
||
it might occur in some in Papua New Guinea. Timber harvest in many parts of its distribution is a growing threat that should be examined because it has been a decade since its previous review on
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F91E3406FE52FE27" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">The IUCNRed List.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC34C08FF003496FDF3FDD8" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC34C08FF003496FDF3FDD8" blockId="12.[164,1786,368,565]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08FF003496FE8AFE15" bold="true" box="[165,370,481,508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bonaccorso (1998), Bonaccorso, Leary & Hamilton (2008
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08FB6F3496FB22FE15" box="[1226,1242,481,508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">a</emphasis>
|
||
), Flannery (1994, 1995a, 1995b), Hill (1956), Whitmore (2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |