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<document id="A7EFDBEBDF3C04037CBCA500CAAF2D6A" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12114" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10273948" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630109995688" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Fikáček, Martin, Prokin, Alexander, Yan, Evgeny, Yue, Yanli, Wang, Bo, Ren, Dong &amp; Beattie, Robert" docDate="2014" docId="03C287ACFF84D673FC07BDF847F69871" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12114.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170 (4)" docSource="http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/zoj.12114" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Protochares Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie 2014, GEN. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="715" masterDocId="FFFBFFD4FF80D676FFD0B961454A9D19" masterDocTitle="Modern hydrophilid clades present and widespread in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Hydrophilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="734" masterPageNumber="710" pageNumber="714" updateTime="1701826641646" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B33F67D644FED482F5F52C36E76A5E02">Modern hydrophilid clades present and widespread in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Hydrophilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E9BC135081CC52CC8683450C562B7824">Yan, Evgeny</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17B76A20A59D8CAB6C517FA74C159DB5">Yue, Yanli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D1333110FE85B9E36F0926F00C826681">Ren, Dong</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3716531FF84D672FC07BDF8404E99B7" box="[983,1284,1177,1198]" pageId="4" pageNumber="714" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD436BAFF84D672FC07BDF8404E99B7" blockId="4.[983,1284,1177,1198]" box="[983,1284,1177,1198]" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">
<heading id="D09C81D6FF84D672FC07BDF8404E99B7" box="[983,1284,1177,1198]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="714" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF84D672FC07BDF841CE99B7" ID-CoL="8XP6L" authority="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie, 2014" authorityName="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie" authorityYear="2014" box="[983,1156,1177,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Protochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="714" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">PROTOCHARES</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF84D672FB5FBDFD404E99B7" bold="true" box="[1167,1284,1177,1198]" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C57D3FF84D672FB5FBDFD404E99B7" box="[1167,1284,1177,1198]" pageId="4" pageNumber="714" rank="genus">GEN. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C3716531FF84D673FCEABDA147F69871" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="715" pageId="4" pageNumber="714" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD436BAFF84D672FCEABDA1416499ED" blockId="4.[826,1441,1216,1268]" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF84D672FCEABDA141B199CC" box="[826,1275,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">
<typeStatus id="54D08818FF84D672FCEABDA1462499CC" box="[826,878,1216,1237]" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF84D672FC36BDA141B199CC" authority="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie, 2014" authorityName="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie" authorityYear="2014" box="[998,1275,1216,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Protochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="714" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpis" status="sp. nov.">Protochares brevipalpis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C57D3FF84D672FADDBDA1402799CC" box="[1293,1389,1216,1237]" pageId="4" pageNumber="714" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(by present designation).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436BAFF84D672FCEABC43413B982E" blockId="4.[826,1137,1313,1335]" box="[826,1137,1313,1335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF84D672FCEABC434689982E" box="[826,963,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">Time range:</emphasis>
Late Jurassic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436BAFF84D672FCEABC0541EB9B0B" blockId="4.[826,1441,1380,1555]" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF84D672FCEABC0546FB9860" box="[826,945,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Body medium-sized; body elongate oval; labrum well sclerotized and at least partly exposed; maxillary palpi rather short and stout; scutellar shield small, triangular; elytron with ten series; scutellar stria present; basal metatarsomere 1 much shorter than metatarsomere 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436BAFF84D672FCEABF2140CA9BA8" blockId="4.[826,1441,1600,1713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF84D672FCEABF2146F29B4C" box="[826,952,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">Etymology:</emphasis>
The generic name consists of the Latin prefix
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF84D672FC56BF3E468A9B6D" box="[902,960,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">proto</emphasis>
- meaning early, and the ending
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF84D672FA80BF3F40EB9B6A" box="[1360,1441,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">-chares</emphasis>
reflecting the superficial resemblance of the new genus to the extant genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF84D672FBA6BFFA41B99BA9" box="[1142,1267,1691,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="714" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF84D672FBA6BFFA41B99BA9" box="[1142,1267,1691,1712]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">Helochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Masculine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436BAFF84D673FCEABFBF47A49C6D" blockId="4.[826,1441,1758,1903]" lastBlockId="5.[144,759,198,373]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="715" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF84D672FCEABFBF41F39BEA" box="[826,1209,1758,1780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="714">
Family assignment:
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF84D672FBE4BFBF41F39BEA" authority="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie, 2014" authorityName="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie" authorityYear="2014" box="[1076,1209,1758,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Protochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="714" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Protochares</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C57D3FF84D672FB19BFBE407C9BED" box="[1225,1334,1759,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="714" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
may be reliably assigned to the superfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF84D672FB21BF9C40EB9A0A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1265,1441,1789,1811]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="714" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hydrophiloidea">Hydrophiloidea</taxonomicName>
by the large clypeus and distinct frontoclypeal sutures reaching the lateral margin of the head closely before eyes. The presence of the triangular scutellar shield excludes all hydrophiloid families except
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FF0FB98544C99DE3" box="[223,387,228,250]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydrophilidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FE6CB98545959C00" authority="(Fikacek et al., 2012 b)" baseAuthorityName="Fikacek" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Spercheidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Spercheidae (Fikáček
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF85D673FD68B98447A29DE0" box="[696,744,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">et al</emphasis>
., 2012b)
</taxonomicName>
; from
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FEEFB86244809C00" box="[319,458,259,281]" class="Insecta" family="Spercheidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Spercheidae</taxonomicName>
it differs in head not strongly constricted behind the eyes and the wellsclerotized and largely exposed labrum. It may be therefore reliably assigned to the
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FDCDB83E478B9C6C" box="[541,705,351,373]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydrophilidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF85D673FD1BB83E47A49C6D" box="[715,750,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">s.s.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436BAFF85D673FF40B8FF44BA992F" blockId="5.[144,759,414,1384]" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF85D673FF40B8FF47C99CAA" box="[144,643,414,435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">Comparison with other hydrophilid genera:</emphasis>
Based on the combination of the first metatarsomere much shorter than the second and the exposed labrum,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FF40B89B445F9F16" authority="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie, 2014" authorityName="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie" authorityYear="2014" box="[144,277,506,527]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Protochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF85D673FF40B89B445F9F16" box="[144,277,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">Protochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C57D3FF85D673FEF1B89B44C39F16" box="[289,393,506,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
corresponds well with modern representatives of the non-sphaeridiine groups of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FF40BB56447D9F54" box="[144,311,567,589]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydrophilidae</taxonomicName>
. Among these, its general habitus and medium body size resemble, in particular, the extant representatives of the tribes
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FE0CBB15473B9F93" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[476,625,628,650]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hydrobiusini">Hydrobiusini</taxonomicName>
(from most of which it differs by smaller body size and rather short maxillary palpi), subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FD91BBD0478E9FDE" authorityName="Short &amp; Fikacek" authorityYear="2013" box="[577,708,689,711]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Enochrinae">Enochrinae</taxonomicName>
(in contrast to which it bears five segmented metatarsi and short maxillary palpi),
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FE03BB8F472F9E1D" baseAuthorityName="Zaitzev" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[467,613,750,772]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acidocerinae">Acidocerinae</taxonomicName>
(from many of which it differs by short maxillary palpi) and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FF40BA4A44579E58" baseAuthorityName="Orchymont" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[144,285,811,833]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rygmodinae">Rygmodinae</taxonomicName>
(from which it differs by the presence of the scutellar stria on the elytron). All four extant groups are characterized by a rather generalized body and lack of easy-to-see synapomorphies (Short &amp; Fikácˇek, 2013), which makes the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FF40BAA5445F9EC0" authority="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie, 2014" authorityName="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie" authorityYear="2014" box="[144,277,964,985]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Protochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF85D673FF40BAA5445F9EC0" box="[144,277,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">Protochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C57D3FF85D673FEF0BAA444C29EC3" box="[288,392,965,986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
rather difficult. Still, the combination of diagnostic characters listed above and the Jurassic age of the fossil justifies the assignment of the fossil to a separate genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436BAFF85D673FF78BD5E47F69871" blockId="5.[144,759,414,1384]" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FF78BD5E4467994D" authorityName="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie" authorityYear="2014" box="[168,301,1087,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Protochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF85D673FF78BD5E4467994D" box="[168,301,1087,1108]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">Protochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the Early Cretaceous hydrophilid genera described below by rather wide metanepisterna (in contrast to much narrower ones in
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FF40BDFA444799A9" authority="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie, 2014" authorityName="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie" authorityYear="2014" box="[144,269,1179,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cretoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF85D673FF40BDFA444799A9" box="[144,269,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">Cretoxenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C57D3FF85D673FEC4BDFA443699A9" box="[276,380,1179,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
), relatively short maxillary palpi (in contrast to rather long ones in
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FDEDBDDB47F099D6" authority="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie, 2014" authorityName="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie" authorityYear="2014" box="[573,698,1210,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cretoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF85D673FDEDBDDB47F099D6" box="[573,698,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">Cretoxenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C57D3FF85D673FD17BDDB45F799F4" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and probably also in
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FE6CBDB9476D99F4" authority="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie, 2014" authorityName="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie" authorityYear="2014" box="[444,551,1240,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Alegorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF85D673FE6CBDB9476D99F4" box="[444,551,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">Alegorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C57D3FF85D673FDE1BDB947DD99F4" box="[561,663,1240,1261]" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) and by a probably not excised clypeus and partly exposed labrum (in contrast to excised clypeus in all Cretaceous genera and labrum situated in the clypeal excision in
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D39FF85D673FF39BC33442D987E" authority="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie, 2014" authorityName="Fikáček &amp; Prokin &amp; Yan &amp; Yue &amp; Wang &amp; Ren &amp; Beattie" authorityYear="2014" box="[233,359,1362,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Hydroyixia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FEAA8FF85D673FF39BC33442D987E" box="[233,359,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">Hydroyixia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C57D3FF85D673FEA1BC3244909871" box="[369,474,1363,1384]" pageId="5" pageNumber="715" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, see
<figureCitation id="13502A3FFF85D673FDC5BC3347E59871" box="[533,687,1362,1384]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[164,243,909,928]" captionTargetBox="[172,1436,205,871]" captionTargetId="figure-117@16.[164,1444,197,879]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Reconstructions of the clypeus shape and meso- and metathoracic morphology of the Early Cretaceous hydrophilid genera known in adult stage (three-dimensional structure of the mesoventrite not reconstructed). Alegorius gen. nov. (A, B); Cretoxenus gen. nov. (C, D); Hydroyixia gen. nov. (E, F). Head and thorax of the respective genus not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273971/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="715">Fig. 8A, C, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>