plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/C2/6A/03C26A00FFDEFF8CFECDFCBEFD407863.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

299 lines
30 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="8BE38316F8DC50EC7FF86993D2AD5B8C" ID-CLB-Dataset="25082" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930210130348" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8e2a3da8-1a96-40dd-a1e5-7b9cc44059bc" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1208458" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1522149612736" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nico M. Franz" docDate="2003" docId="03C26A00FFDEFF8CFECDFCBEFD407863" docLanguage="en" docName="jNatHist.37.14.1727.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 37 (14)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Staminodeus" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="1740" masterDocId="FFFB1278FFD5FF81FFF4FF96FFD07D64" masterDocTitle="Mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the value of systematics in behavioural studies" masterLastPageNumber="1750" masterPageNumber="1727" pageNumber="1738" updateTime="1698533641381" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="3430523A2B98FB813C2486DD0D2AF4EE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C6E5AF415D3ECD4006B21555058D7799">
<mods:title id="4FCD2EAB309CF63A0C1C6D37001E46FF">Mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the value of systematics in behavioural studies</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2258CE77C5D65296F9E11D2CA13B1C0F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F2B878F31E9F5D538AE1F6AF51AC5CD9">
<mods:roleTerm id="C33A2EBCF9E3A606DC105935B5CD785F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A1CC56949DE90DFA19F442C8E4162015">Nico M. Franz</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="04D223EE2D286D6ADECF032940F018EE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="91B47F4AAF39E5C5085F4CA706E10602" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="3AD65DD8ECB8122CE3A3C4498B77FF24">
<mods:title id="EDE1FFE899F97BA24C1220EC4278FDF6">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7E7D202411D33297C31C5F745A4D2C4B">
<mods:date id="14FDB7A00F0633CC93FB903E8DA2E6F1">2003</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2B899D3367D84AB0CF2148606FB2D82C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="0FCDF0ACCD0C77C147C9CF7309C7E57B">2001-12-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F244F4D6F2487D89C577B8F119CCCC73" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C78AB55953791B3E4A6FB65CA31032C8">37</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A37197EFFFE6A826A77515BFCB8F9DD2" type="issue">
<mods:number id="C0A8C27A70F9373F94508E3C31583E21">14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="1B3511F277DE26D82BEEB2B8FCF6BBF1" unit="page">
<mods:start id="5F1C383ABA950403FA22A0DAF6EC3991">1727</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EFEA794E0E0CF627C04F48E7CF979116">1750</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="F9076A5C385D7B10B58AF93B9A2B6AD6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C9F207B94B4E183B4DF5AE6034802A9E" type="CLB-Dataset">25082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3CE570CFD4A5CA4584680704F6EED993" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930210130348</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="89759B5C96F267C638ADA1529071232F" type="GBIF-Dataset">8e2a3da8-1a96-40dd-a1e5-7b9cc44059bc</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B02559B65ADDE0E473D4157664CA33CD" type="Zenodo-Dep">1208458</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03C26A00FFDEFF8CFECDFCBEFD407863" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631340" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159870099" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631340" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C26A00FFDEFF8CFECDFCBEFD407863" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C26A00FFDEFF8CFECDFCBEFD407863" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1740" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
<subSubSection id="C371889DFFDEFF8AFECDFCBEFD4E7E24" box="[313,670,808,832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD4DB16FFDEFF8AFECDFCBEFD4E7E24" blockId="11.[313,1269,808,1693]" box="[313,670,808,832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFECDFCBEFDD37E24" box="[313,515,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">Natural history of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFDF8FCBEFD4E7E24" box="[524,670,808,832]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Staminodeus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371889DFFDEFF8CFE95FCDEFCEA7C66" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1740" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD4DB16FFDEFF8AFE95FCDEFBAC785A" blockId="11.[313,1269,808,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
At La Selva, the adults of
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFD64FCDEFCD47E04" box="[656,772,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">S. vectoris</emphasis>
have been collected on species of cyclanths throughout the year, including
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFD4DFCFEFC8A7EE4" box="[697,858,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">A. euryspatha</emphasis>
Harling,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFC22FCFEFBB37EE4" box="[982,1123,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">A. sleeperae</emphasis>
Grayum &amp; Hammel,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFE5BFC1EFDE47EC4" box="[431,564,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">A. uncinata</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFDBDFC1EFD767EC4" box="[585,678,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">A. utilis</emphasis>
(Oerst.) Harling,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFC77FC1EFC267EC4" box="[899,1014,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">A. vagans</emphasis>
Harling,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFB9BFC1EFE6A7EA4" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFB9BFC1EFB247EC4" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavón" authorityYear="1794" box="[1135,1268,904,928]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">Carludovica</taxonomicName>
rotundifolia
</emphasis>
H. Wendl. ex Hook. fil.,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFCE2FC3EFC407EA4" box="[790,912,936,960]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">C. sulcata</emphasis>
Hammel,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFBEFFC3EFB247EA4" box="[1051,1268,936,960]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFBEFFC3EFB5D7EA4" authorityName="R. Eriksson" authorityYear="1989" box="[1051,1165,936,960]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Chorigyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chorigyne</taxonomicName>
pendula
</emphasis>
(Hammel) R. Erkisson,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFDA3FC5EFC4C7E84" box="[599,924,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFDA3FC5EFCD07EBB" authorityName="Harling" authorityYear="1954" box="[599,768,968,991]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Dicranopygium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">Dicranopygium</taxonomicName>
umbrophilum
</emphasis>
Hammel,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFBEDFC5EFB5B7E84" box="[1049,1163,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">D. wedelii</emphasis>
Harling, and
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFE85FC71FD9F7964" box="[369,591,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFE85FC71FE287E9B" authorityName="Oersted" authorityYear="1857" box="[369,504,999,1023]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Evodianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Evodianthus</taxonomicName>
funifer
</emphasis>
(Poit.) Lindman (Franz, 1999). Apparently,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFB8DFC71FE73797B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFB8DFC71FB247E9B" box="[1145,1268,999,1023]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Cyclanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">Cyclanthus</taxonomicName>
bipartitus
</emphasis>
Poit. is the only cyclanth species from which
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFC38FB9EFB94797B" box="[972,1092,1032,1055]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">S. vectoris</emphasis>
is absent; it is sister to all remaining cyclanths and lacks their characteristic staminodes (Harling, 1958). However, according to the observations presented here, the mating behaviour of
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFEACFBF1FE1C791B" box="[344,460,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">S. vectoris</emphasis>
at La Selva is restricted to
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFCF2FBF1FCA4791B" authorityName="Harling" authorityYear="1954" box="[774,884,1127,1151]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Asplundia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFCF2FBF1FCA4791B" box="[774,884,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">Asplundia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFC5BFBF1FBEE791B" box="[943,1086,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFC5BFBF1FBEA791B" authorityName="Oersted" authorityYear="1857" box="[943,1082,1127,1151]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Evodianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Evodianthus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The adults visit other cyclanth species, feeding on the staminodes
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFC9AFB11FC1079FB" box="[878,960,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">without</emphasis>
detaching them. Typically, there are up to 100 individuals of
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFD35FB31FCE679DB" box="[705,822,1191,1215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">S. vectoris</emphasis>
on the inflorescences of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFBA7FB31FB1179DB" authorityName="Harling" authorityYear="1954" box="[1107,1217,1191,1215]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Asplundia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFBA7FB31FB1179DB" box="[1107,1217,1191,1215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">Asplundia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFECDFB51FE1079BB" authorityName="Oersted" authorityYear="1857" box="[313,448,1223,1247]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Evodianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFECDFB51FE1079BB" box="[313,448,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">Evodianthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but fewer than ten individuals on those of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFC4EFB51FBEF79BB" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavón" authorityYear="1794" box="[954,1087,1223,1247]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFC4EFB51FBEF79BB" box="[954,1087,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">Carludovica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFBBBFB51FB1179BB" authorityName="R. Eriksson" authorityYear="1989" box="[1103,1217,1223,1247]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Chorigyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFBBBFB51FB1179BB" box="[1103,1217,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">Chorigyne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFECDFB71FE32799A" authorityName="Harling" authorityYear="1954" box="[313,482,1255,1278]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Dicranopygium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFECDFB71FE32799A" box="[313,482,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">Dicranopygium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFE00FB71FDD1799A" box="[500,513,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">n</emphasis>
=3–40 inflorescences per species of cyclanth, according to Franz, 1999). Therefore, although the adults of
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFCEEFA91FC41787A" box="[794,913,1287,1310]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">S. vectoris</emphasis>
visit many cyclanth species at La Selva, they concentrate on those species used for feeding
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFC01FAB0FBCD785A" box="[1013,1053,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">and</emphasis>
mating.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4DB16FFDEFF8AFE95FAD0FC827B7A" blockId="11.[313,1269,808,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
The eggs of
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFE06FAD1FDB8783A" box="[498,616,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">S. vectoris</emphasis>
appear to hatch shortly after oviposition, because third instar larvae are present in the leaf litter as soon as five days after anthesis. Presumably, they begin to feed along the deteriorating staminode, before moving into the detritus and completing their development under humid conditions in the leaf litter. They are detritivorous and display fast negative phototaxis when disturbed. Pupation occurs in the top 1.0 cm layer of the ground. The entire life cycle lasts 12–20 days (
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFE3FF990FE087B79" box="[459,472,1542,1565]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">n</emphasis>
#25, according to Franz, 1999).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4DB16FFDEFF8CFE95F9B3FCEA7C66" blockId="11.[313,1269,808,1693]" lastBlockId="13.[313,1269,138,258]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1740" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
Brief notes on the natural history of two additional species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFBCFF9B3FB187B59" box="[1083,1224,1573,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFBCFF9B3FB187B59" box="[1083,1224,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">Staminodeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are available (Franz, 2001).
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFDABF9D3FCA87B39" box="[607,888,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFDABF9D3FD3C7B39" box="[607,748,1605,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Staminodeus</taxonomicName>
curvitibialis
</emphasis>
is associated with
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFBABF9D3FE5B7B19" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFBABF9D3FB247B39" authorityName="Harling" authorityYear="1954" box="[1119,1268,1605,1629]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Sphaeradenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sphaeradenia</taxonomicName>
hamata
</emphasis>
Harling in La Planada, Nariño, Colombia, and with
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFDEFF8AFC29F9F3FB247B19" box="[989,1268,1637,1661]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFDEFF8AFC29F9F3FB9B7B19" authorityName="Harling" authorityYear="1954" box="[989,1099,1637,1661]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Asplundia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1738" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Asplundia</taxonomicName>
caput-medusae
</emphasis>
(Hook. fil.) Harling in Portachuelo and Rancho Grande, Aragua, Venezuela.
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFECDFF1CFD817DC6" box="[313,593,138,162]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFECDFF1CFE167DC6" box="[313,454,138,162]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Staminodeus</taxonomicName>
denticulatus
</emphasis>
is associated with
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFCD1FF1CFBDC7DC6" box="[805,1036,138,162]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFCD1FF1CFC7A7DC6" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavón" authorityYear="1794" box="[805,938,138,162]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">Carludovica</taxonomicName>
palmata
</emphasis>
Ruíz &amp; Pavón, with
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFECDFF3DFE747DA6" box="[313,420,170,194]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">E. funifer</emphasis>
in San Vito, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, and with
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFC21FF3CFB937DA6" authorityName="Harling" authorityYear="1954" box="[981,1091,170,194]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Asplundia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFC21FF3CFB937DA6" box="[981,1091,170,194]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">Asplundia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. in Chiriquí Grande, Bocas del Toro, Panama. Therefore, all
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFCABFF5CFC3C7D86" box="[863,1004,202,226]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFCABFF5CFC3C7D86" box="[863,1004,202,226]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">Staminodeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species for which hosts are known have been collected on cyclanths.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF148B9EFFD9FF8DFECDFA66FB987B5E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1208470/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1739" startId="12.[313,329,1520,1541]" targetBox="[346,1233,140,1489]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BD4DB16FFD9FF8DFECDFA66FB987B5E" blockId="12.[313,1269,1519,1595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1739">
FIG. 6. Linear regression of morphological characteristics of
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD9FF8DFC3EFA66FBE57B61" box="[970,1077,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1739">S. vectoris</emphasis>
in comparison to length of metepisternum; values are transformed to log,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD9FF8DFC27F99CFC0C7B7B" box="[979,988,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1739">r</emphasis>
2 and regression coefficient are indicated: (a) length of male protibia; (b) length of female spine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C371889DFFD8FF8CFECDFEA4FD407863" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD4DB16FFD8FF8CFECDFEA4FCF57C2E" blockId="13.[313,1269,306,1287]" box="[313,805,306,330]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFECDFEA4FD5A7C2E" box="[313,650,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">Morphology and phylogeny of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFD67FEA4FCF57C2E" box="[659,805,306,330]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Staminodeus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4DB16FFD8FF8CFE95FEC4FB937FCD" blockId="13.[313,1269,306,1287]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">
The male prothoracic legs display considerable morphological variation among the seven described species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFD65FEE4FCCE7CEE" box="[657,798,370,394]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFD65FEE4FCCE7CEE" box="[657,798,370,394]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">Staminodeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, providing external diagnostic characters for the recognition of species (Franz, in press).
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFCACFE04FBED7CCD" box="[856,1085,402,426]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFCACFE04FC357CCE" box="[856,997,402,426]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Staminodeus</taxonomicName>
inermis
</emphasis>
Franz lacks the row of teeth along the anteroventral margin of its mucronate protibia.
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFB93FE27FE697C8D" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFB93FE27FB247CAD" box="[1127,1268,433,457]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Staminodeus</taxonomicName>
curvitibialis
</emphasis>
Franz and
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFDCFFE44FD0D7C8D" box="[571,733,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. denticulatus</emphasis>
Franz have 12–18 small teeth along an apically inermous protibia; whereas
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFD81FE64FCD27F6D" box="[629,770,497,521]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. bispinosus</emphasis>
Franz,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFCA8FE64FC1C7F6D" box="[860,972,497,521]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. forcipis</emphasis>
Franz,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFBD1FE64FB727F6D" box="[1061,1186,497,521]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. dilatatus</emphasis>
Franz, and
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFE9EFD84FE0E7F4D" box="[362,478,530,553]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. vectoris</emphasis>
have 3–10 large teeth along an apically mucronate protibia (figure 7). The male protibia of
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFDC1FDA7FD067F2D" box="[565,726,561,585]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. curvitibialis</emphasis>
is curved. The male profemur of
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFB91FDA7FB097F2D" box="[1125,1241,561,585]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. forcipis</emphasis>
is curved, and has larger ventral teeth, e.g. in comparison to
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFC1DFDC7FBB67F0D" box="[1001,1126,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. vectoris.</emphasis>
Finally, the males of
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFE57FDE7FD977FED" box="[419,583,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. denticulatus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFDA3FDE7FD367FED" box="[599,742,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. bispinosus</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFCD7FDE7FC457FED" box="[803,917,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. forcipis</emphasis>
have a small, curved spine on the frons, resembling that of the females, except for its smaller size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4DB16FFD8FF8CFE95FD27FD9D7E4C" blockId="13.[313,1269,306,1287]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">
The female frontal spines are similar among all seven species of
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFB94FD27FB257FAD" box="[1120,1269,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFB94FD27FB217FAD" box="[1120,1265,689,713]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Staminodeus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The only notable exception is
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFD59FD47FC867F8C" box="[685,854,720,744]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. denticulatus</emphasis>
, which has a slightly larger spine (Franz, 2001). The female prothoracic legs lack the row of teeth, and the protibia is inermous at the apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4DB16FFD8FF8CFE95FCA6FD407863" blockId="13.[313,1269,306,1287]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">
A phylogeny of the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFD4AFCA6FC9B7E2C" box="[702,843,816,840]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFD4AFCA6FC9B7E2C" box="[702,843,816,840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">Staminodeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been proposed by Franz (2001), using
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFE7FFCC6FDB57E0C" box="[395,613,848,872]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFE7FFCC6FDD37E0C" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1876" box="[395,515,848,872]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Notolomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Notolomus</taxonomicName>
basalis
</emphasis>
LeConte,
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFD0EFCC6FBFA7E0C" box="[762,1066,848,872]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">Perrelleschus carludovicae</emphasis>
(Günther) and
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFECDFCE6FD8C7EEC" box="[313,604,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFECDFCE6FE137EEC" box="[313,451,880,904]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Systenotelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Systenotelus</taxonomicName>
costaricensis
</emphasis>
Anderson &amp; Gómez as outgroup taxa (figure 8). The cladistic analysis for ten taxa and 18 characters yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram (L=22, CI=86, RI=90). Those characters with apparent relevance for the mating behaviour of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFD97FC46FD207E8C" box="[611,752,976,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFD97FC46FD207E8C" box="[611,752,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">Staminodeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are mapped according to fast optimization (for explanation see
<tableCitation id="C6E9EEADFFD8FF8CFDC4FC79FD50796C" box="[560,640,1007,1032]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="15.[313,370,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[313,1259,1050,1258]" captionText="Table 2. Explanation of cladistic characters of Staminodeus with apparent relevance to the mating behaviour (for details see Franz, 2001)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF148B9EFFDAFF8EFECDFC5CFBDB7E9F" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" tableUuid="DF148B9EFFDAFF8EFECDFC5CFBDB7E9F">table 2</tableCitation>
). Most remaining characters are generated from the male genitalia. The cladogram optimises the presence of the female frontal spine as a synapomorphy for
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFDC3FBB9FD1B7923" box="[567,715,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BA095FFD8FF8CFDC3FBB9FD187923" box="[567,712,1071,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Staminodeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Staminodeus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
As the result of a reversal, the promucron in males is absent in
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFDFFFBD9FD7A7903" box="[523,682,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. curvitibialis</emphasis>
+
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFD31FBD9FCA17903" box="[709,881,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. denticulatus.</emphasis>
The synapomorphies of the clade inside of
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFE52FBF9FDC779E3" box="[422,535,1135,1159]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. inermis</emphasis>
are the ventrally toothed profemur and protibia in males. The size, shape, and number of teeth along the anteroventral protibial margin support
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFECDFB39FE0D79A3" box="[313,477,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. curvitibialis</emphasis>
+
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFE03FB39FD4F79A3" box="[503,671,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. denticulatus</emphasis>
and its sister taxon, the clade of
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFBC9FB39FB0079A3" box="[1085,1232,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. bispinosus</emphasis>
to
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFECDFB59FE7E7982" box="[313,430,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. vectoris</emphasis>
. Finally, the small frontal spine in males is convergent in
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFBA4FB59FB247983" box="[1104,1268,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. denticulatus</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFE98FB79FE2C7863" box="[364,508,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. bispinosus</emphasis>
+
<emphasis id="B91F0704FFD8FF8CFDE2FB79FD407863" box="[534,656,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1740">S. forcipis.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink