treatments-xml/data/03/B4/87/03B487F21643FFD639FDFD02FA6904BA.xml

<document id="7D7DC8838F1B4745C22540948F56B260" ID-CLB-Dataset="30217" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx112" ID-GBIF-Dataset="99b3b009-f006-4146-b335-cbfdc2fcd60b" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1226487" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1524310177419" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="David Prötzel, Miguel Vences, Oliver Hawlitschek, Mark D. Scherz, Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" docDate="2018" docId="03B487F21643FFD639FDFD02FA6904BA" docLanguage="en" docName="zjls.2018.20.1-28.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2018 (20)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.1:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Calumma juliae David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw 2018, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docUuid="6A92C95D-6383-45DC-9FFC-0943B08F064F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FF8DFF8A164DFFC53A42FFABFFE90568" masterDocTitle="Endangered beauties: micro-CT cranial osteology, molecular genetics and external morphology reveal three new species of chameleons in the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698540677137" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D336A3A1B4CCCAC4F39C7B231CA07DE6">Endangered beauties: micro-CT cranial osteology, molecular genetics and external morphology reveal three new species of chameleons in the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB601EDD229523ED12B3C6C6B60D0834">David Prötzel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F9766D65F5234456E7BD642BEA1F7FEC">Miguel Vences</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E0164FA92097EF3B180763427F3F558F">Oliver Hawlitschek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8AE3938E9BD05BDC33C514612EEAF322">Mark D. Scherz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E56B820B9A6080F241A06E09454B0CC1">Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF10C5CC4B89011DD73C7BA615D6A231">Frank Glaw</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D671643FFCB39FDFD02FB7807D7" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[959,1169,681,705]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">CALUMMA JULIAE</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B969EAF61643FFCB396BFC85FC62062B" box="[809,907,814,835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remark</emphasis>
: Despite intensive research at the 
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locality in January (by L. Randriamanana, F.G. and D.P.), August (by N. Raharinoro, K. Glaw, T. Glaw, J. Forster, F.G. and D.P.) and 
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB3EDDFC21FA8806C8" box="[1183,1377,906,928]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-11">
November 
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</date>
(by A. Rakotoarison and M.D.S.) in the rainy and dry seasons, only female specimens of this new species were found. In total, eight adult females, two subadult females and two juveniles were encountered (but not all of them collected).
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: 
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<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB3982FBF9FC15010F" box="[960,1020,1106,1127]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ZSM</collectionCode>
143/ 
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(
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), 
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, collected in 
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east of Moramanga, just south of the Route Nationale 2
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(
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, 
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, at 
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a.s.l.), 
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, eastern 
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on 
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<collectingDate id="EFE7E9CC1643FFCB3EF4FB66FA84018B" box="[1206,1389,1229,1251]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-01-06">
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB3EF4FB66FAC4018A" box="[1206,1325,1229,1251]" day="06" month="01" monthName="January" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6 January</date>
2016
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</date>
by 
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, 
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and 
<collectorName id="26E853321643FFCB3E73FB47FAE4006A" box="[1073,1293,1260,1282]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L. Randriamanana</collectorName>
.
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</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="54A688461643FFCB396BFAB0FC740058" box="[809,925,1307,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
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<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB39F3FAB1FC010047" box="[945,1000,1306,1327]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ZSM</collectionCode>
142
</specimenCode>
/ 
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB3E63FAB1FBB30058" box="[1057,1114,1306,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016">2016</date>
(
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<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB3E28FAB1FB5B0047" box="[1130,1202,1306,1327]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FGZC</collectionCode>
5233
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)
</materialsCitation>
, 
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<specimenCode id="DBBB9E9F1643FFCB3F48FAB1FA790058" box="[1290,1424,1306,1328]" collectionCode="FGZC" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB3F48FAB1FAB90047" box="[1290,1360,1306,1327]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FGZC</collectionCode>
5232
</specimenCode>
and 
<specimenCode id="DBBB9E9F1643FFCB3920FA92FC180027" box="[866,1009,1337,1359]" collectionCode="FGZC" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB3920FA92FC420026" box="[866,939,1337,1358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FGZC</collectionCode>
5234
</specimenCode>
(two uncatalogued specimens in 
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB396BFAF3FC620006" box="[809,907,1368,1390]" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/q3sh-smdb" name="University dAntananarivo, Department de Biologie Animale" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">UADBA</collectionCode>
), all three adult females, collected from the same location as the 
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(
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18.9519° 
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</geoCoordinate>
, 
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48.2705° 
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, within a radius of 
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, at 
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a.s.l.
</elevation>
) on 
<collectingDate id="EFE7E9CC1643FFCB3F5EFA3EFC8B00A2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-01-06">
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB3F5EFA3EFC8B00A2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-01-06">
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB3F5EFA3EFA7800C2" box="[1308,1425,1429,1451]" day="06" month="01" monthName="January" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
6 
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB3F73FA3EFA7800C2" box="[1329,1425,1429,1450]" month="01" monthName="January" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2016">January</date>
</date>
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB396BFA1FFC8B00A2" box="[809,866,1460,1482]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016" year="2016">2016</date>
</date>
</collectingDate>
by 
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB39CFFA1FFC7600A1" box="[909,927,1460,1481]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26E853321643FFCB39E8FA1FFC0E00A2" box="[938,999,1460,1482]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Glaw</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26E853321643FFCB39B1FA1FFB8200A2" box="[1011,1131,1460,1482]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. Prötzel</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="26E853321643FFCB3EE9FA1FFA6400A2" box="[1195,1421,1460,1482]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB3EE9FA1FFB5600A1" box="[1195,1215,1460,1481]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L</collectionCode>
. Randriamanana
</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<specimenCode id="DBBB9E9F1643FFCB396BFA79FC7B0080" box="[809,914,1490,1512]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB396BFA79FC89008F" box="[809,864,1490,1511]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ZSM</collectionCode>
254
</specimenCode>
/ 
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB39D8FA79FC3B0080" box="[922,978,1490,1512]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016">2016</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB39A0FA79FBC3008F" box="[994,1066,1490,1511]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FGZC</collectionCode>
5274), 
<materialsCitation id="3B753CB91643FFCB3EC0FA79FC0A032C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838289364" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
adult female, and ZSM 255/ 
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB391BFA5AFC79036F" box="[857,912,1521,1543]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016">2016</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB39DCFA5AFC0D036E" box="[926,996,1521,1542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FGZC</collectionCode>
5275) and 
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB3E26FA5AFB40036E" box="[1124,1193,1521,1542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FGZC</collectionCode>
5276 (uncatalogued specimen in UADBA), both juveniles, all three collected on 
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB390EF985FC0A032C" box="[844,995,1582,1604]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-07-30">
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB390EF985FC48032C" box="[844,929,1582,1604]" day="30" month="07" monthName="July" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1930">
30 
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB392DF985FC48032C" box="[879,929,1582,1604]" month="07" monthName="July" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2016">July</date>
</date>
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB39EBF985FC0A032C" box="[937,995,1582,1604]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016" year="2016">2016</date>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B753CB91643FFCB39ACF985FC3803C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838289361" collectingDate="2016-07-31" collectionCode="UADBA" collectorName="Glaw &amp; D. Protzel &amp; N. Raharinoro." elevation="50" latitude="-18.9519" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="48.2705" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="FGZC 5277" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBBB9E9F1643FFCB39ACF985FB9A032C" box="[1006,1139,1582,1604]" collectionCode="FGZC" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB39ACF985FBDA032B" box="[1006,1075,1582,1603]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FGZC</collectionCode>
5277
</specimenCode>
(uncatalogued specimen in 
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB3908F9E6FC47030B" box="[842,942,1613,1635]" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/q3sh-smdb" name="University dAntananarivo, Department de Biologie Animale" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">UADBA</collectionCode>
), subadult, collected on 
<collectingDate id="EFE7E9CC1643FFCB3E91F9E6FA99030B" box="[1235,1392,1613,1635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-07-31">
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB3E91F9E6FA99030B" box="[1235,1392,1613,1635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-07-31">
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB3E91F9E6FAC4030B" box="[1235,1325,1613,1635]" day="31" month="07" monthName="July" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1931">
31 
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB3EBBF9E6FAC4030B" box="[1273,1325,1613,1635]" month="07" monthName="July" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2016">July</date>
</date>
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB3F74F9E6FA99030B" box="[1334,1392,1613,1635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016" year="2016">2016</date>
</date>
</collectingDate>
at the same location as above by 
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB3EC4F9C7FB7E03E9" box="[1158,1175,1644,1665]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26E853321643FFCB3EE3F9C7FB3503EA" box="[1185,1244,1644,1666]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Glaw</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26E853321643FFCB3EA5F9C7FAB303EA" box="[1255,1370,1644,1666]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. Prötzel</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="26E853321643FFCB396BF920FC3803C8" box="[809,977,1674,1696]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE211643FFCB396BF920FCD603C8" box="[809,831,1675,1696]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N</collectionCode>
. Raharinoro.
</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307656F1643FFCA396BF96CFA8A001C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA236E41643FFCA396BF96CFDB70155" blockId="14.[809,1426,1734,1879]" lastBlockId="15.[163,780,813,1865]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61643FFCB396BF96CFC7003B4" box="[809,921,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Male specimens are unknown so far, hence the diagnosis refers only to females of this species. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D671643FFCB396BF8AFFC0F0271" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[809,998,1796,1817]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61643FFCB396BF8AFFC0F0271" box="[809,998,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Calumma juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D1643FFCB39ACF8AFFBAA0271" box="[1006,1091,1796,1817]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a member of the phenetic 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61643FFCB396BF888FC5C0250" box="[809,949,1827,1848]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. nasutum</emphasis>
species group (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B151643FFCB3E3BF889FC2C023F" author="Protzel D &amp; Ruthensteiner B &amp; Glaw F." journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="13 - 21" part="92" refId="ref18271" refString="Protzel D, Ruthensteiner B, Glaw F. 2016. No longer single! Description of female Calumma vatosoa (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae) including a review of the species and its systematic position. Zoosystematics and Evolution 92: 13 - 21." title="No longer single! Description of female Calumma vatosoa (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae) including a review of the species and its systematic position" type="journal article" year="2016">
Prötzel, Ruthensteiner &amp; Glaw, 
<date id="FFA310241643FFCB39CFF8EAFC2C023F" box="[909,965,1857,1879]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016">2016</date>
</bibRefCitation>
), on the basis of the presence of a soft, dermal unpaired rostral appendage, absence of gular or ventral crests, and heterogeneous scalation on the lower arm, consisting mostly of tubercles of a diameter of 
<quantity id="4CE59B011642FFCA3B69FC20FE5B06C9" box="[299,434,907,929]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
. Within the group, it is a large (TL 
<quantity id="4CE59B011642FFCA3A97FC01FE7506A8" box="[213,412,938,960]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0844999999999998" metricValueMax="1.116" metricValueMin="1.053" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="108.44999999999999" valueMax="111.6" valueMin="105.3">105.3–111.6 mm</quantity>
), grey–beige chameleon that is characterised by a long and distally rounded rostral appendage, a dorsal crest of 11–14 tubercles, occipital lobes that are clearly notched but not completely separated, and absence of axillary pits.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62666C1642FFCA3AE1FD13FC210661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226497/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[163,242,696,718]" targetBox="[227,1379,195,655]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BA236E41642FFCA3AE1FD13FC210661" blockId="15.[163,1443,696,777]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3AE1FD13FEE507A6" bold="true" box="[163,268,696,718]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 5.</emphasis>
DiceCT scans of hemipenes. A, right hemipenes of 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA396EFD13FBD607A6" bold="true" box="[812,1087,696,718]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D671642FFCA396EFD13FC0807A6" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[812,993,696,718]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uetzi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA396EFD13FC0807A6" bold="true" box="[812,993,696,718]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Calumma uetzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D1642FFCA39A5FD12FBD607A6" box="[999,1087,697,718]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in asulcal (left) and sulcal (right) view. B, left hemipenes (incompletely everted) of 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA38E3FD7DFC8C0783" bold="true" box="[673,869,726,748]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D671642FFCA38E3FD7DFCE10784" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[673,776,726,748]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lefona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA38E3FD7DFCE10784" bold="true" box="[673,776,726,748]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. lefona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D1642FFCA394DFD7DFC8C0783" box="[783,869,726,747]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in asulcal (left) and sulcal (right) view; note that characters can be seen only in completely everted hemipenes. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA236E41642FFCA3AFFFBEDFA8A001C" blockId="15.[163,780,813,1865]" lastBlockId="15.[827,1444,813,1396]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D671642FFCA3AFFFBEDFE610133" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,392,1094,1115]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3AFFFBEDFE610133" box="[189,392,1094,1115]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Calumma juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D1642FFCA3BD0FBECFE190134" box="[402,496,1095,1116]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D671642FFCA38DBFBECFCED0133" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[665,772,1094,1116]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA38DBFBECFCED0133" box="[665,772,1094,1116]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3AE1FBCDFEE50112" box="[163,268,1125,1147]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. gallus</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3B58FBCDFE4A0113" box="[282,419,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. nasutum</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D671642FFCA3BF0FBCDFDAE0113" baseAuthorityName="Brygoo, Blanc &amp; Domergue" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[434,583,1126,1147]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peyrierasi">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3BF0FBCDFDAE0113" box="[434,583,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. peyrierasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3814FBCDFD3F0113" box="[598,726,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. vatosoa,</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3AE1FB2EFECF01F2" box="[163,294,1157,1178]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. vohibola</emphasis>
of the 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3B3BFB2EFDE901F2" box="[377,512,1157,1178]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. nasutum</emphasis>
group by the presence of occipital lobes; from 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3B84FB0FFDA601D1" box="[454,591,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. gehringi</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA381DFB0FFD3C01D1" box="[607,725,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. guibei,</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D671642FFCA3AE1FB68FEE001B0" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[163,265,1219,1240]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lefona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3AE1FB68FEE001B0" box="[163,265,1219,1240]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. lefona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D1642FFCA3B53FB6FFE8E01B1" box="[273,359,1220,1241]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the completely closed brain case (vs. frontoparietal fenestra); additionally, from female 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3AE1FAA9FEF6007F" box="[163,287,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. gehringi</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3B1AFAA9FE52007F" box="[344,443,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. guibei</emphasis>
in body size of 
<quantity id="4CE59B011642FFCA3828FAAAFCE2007F" box="[618,779,1281,1303]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.635" metricValueMax="5.9399999999999995" metricValueMin="5.33" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="56.349999999999994" valueMax="59.4" valueMin="53.3">53.3–59.4 mm</quantity>
SVL (vs. 
<quantity id="4CE59B011642FFCA3B54FA8AFE23005E" box="[278,458,1313,1335]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.99" metricValueMax="5.2299999999999995" metricValueMin="4.75" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="49.9" valueMax="52.3" valueMin="47.5">47.5–52.3 mm</quantity>
); from female 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA38C3FA8AFCE5005E" box="[641,780,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. gehringi</emphasis>
in the shorter rostral appendage of 
<quantity id="4CE59B011642FFCA3835FAEBFCE2003D" box="[631,779,1344,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.7 mm</quantity>
(vs. 
<quantity id="4CE59B011642FFCA3A96FAF4FE8A001D" box="[212,355,1375,1397]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="3.8" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="3.2">3.2–4.4 mm</quantity>
); from 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3BFBFAF4FDCA001C" box="[441,547,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. guibei</emphasis>
(both sexes) in the notch between the occipital lobes of 
<quantity id="4CE59B011642FFCA3812FAD4FD3200FC" box="[592,731,1407,1428]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.8 mm</quantity>
(vs. completely separated with notch of 
<quantity id="4CE59B011642FFCA380EFA35FD3000DB" box="[588,729,1438,1459]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.5499999999999998" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.9 mm</quantity>
; see Brygoo, 
<date id="FFA310241642FFCA3ABDFA16FEDF00BA" box="[255,310,1469,1490]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1971">1971</date>
); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D671642FFCA3BCAFA16FE0300BA" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[392,490,1469,1490]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lefona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3BCAFA16FE0300BA" box="[392,490,1469,1490]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. lefona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D1642FFCA3BB3FA16FDAD00BA" box="[497,580,1469,1490]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(one male) in the shorter (
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) and rounded rostral appendage (vs. 
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, pointed), the absence of a temporal and parietal crest (vs. presence) and the number of dorsal cones of 11–14 (vs. 23); from 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3BB7F991FD900327" box="[501,633,1594,1615]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. boettgeri</emphasis>
(both sexes) by the higher number of large (
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diameter) juxtaposed tubercle scales on the extremities (
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line vs. 7–14, diameter of 
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and isolated from each other); from female 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D671642FFCA384BF91CFD8903A4" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[521,608,1719,1740]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uetzi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA384BF91CFD8903A4" box="[521,608,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. uetzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D1642FFCA382AF91CFD5703A4" box="[616,702,1719,1740]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the larger body size of 
<quantity id="4CE59B011642FFCA3BC5F97EFDC60383" box="[391,559,1749,1771]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.635" metricValueMax="5.9399999999999995" metricValueMin="5.33" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="56.349999999999994" valueMax="59.4" valueMin="53.3">53.3–59.4 mm</quantity>
SVL (vs. 42.0 mm SVL in females), the absence of a temporal and parietal crest (vs. presence of both) and the higher number of infralabial scales of 14–15 (vs. 11–12); from its most similar taxon 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3998FC86FBBB062A" box="[986,1106,813,834]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. linotum</emphasis>
by the clearly notched occipital lobes with a depth of 
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(vs. not or slightly notched with depth 
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), presence of a dorsal crest in females consisting of 11–14 conical scales in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D671642FFCA3979FC01FC7106D7" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[827,920,938,959]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3979FC01FC7106D7" box="[827,920,938,959]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D1642FFCA39DDFC01FC1806D7" box="[927,1009,938,959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(vs. zero in 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3E3AFC01FB0606D7" box="[1144,1263,938,959]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. linotum</emphasis>
and six in 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3F2EFC01FA6A06D7" box="[1388,1411,938,959]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3979FC62FC7C06B6" box="[827,917,969,990]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">linotum</emphasis>
; one specimen from Andampy), higher number of infralabial scales in females of 14–15 (vs. 12–13), absence of temporal and parietal crest in females (vs. both present), and in generally larger body size in females of 
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SVL (vs. 
<quantity id="4CE59B011642FFCA3E8CFBEDFA9F0133" box="[1230,1398,1094,1116]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.86" metricValueMax="5.45" metricValueMin="4.27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="48.6" valueMax="54.5" valueMin="42.7">42.7–54.5 mm</quantity>
). In skull morphology, the squamosal and parietal do not meet in female 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D671642FFCA39ABFB2FFBAC01F1" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[1001,1093,1156,1177]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA39ABFB2FFBAC01F1" box="[1001,1093,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D1642FFCA3E0EFB2EFB7701F2" box="[1100,1182,1157,1178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(vs. broad in contact in male and female 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA39BCFB0FFB9C01D0" box="[1022,1141,1187,1209]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. linotum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B151642FFCA3EC6FB08FABE01D1" author="Protzel D &amp; Ruthensteiner B &amp; Scherz MD &amp; Glaw F." box="[1156,1367,1187,1209]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="211 - 231" part="4048" refId="ref18316" refString="Protzel D, Ruthensteiner B, Scherz MD, Glaw F. 2015. Systematic revision of the Malagasy chameleons Calumma boettgeri and C. linotum (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Zootaxa 4048: 211 - 231." title="Systematic revision of the Malagasy chameleons Calumma boettgeri and C. linotum (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)" type="journal article" year="2015">
Prötzel 
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3E9EFB0FFAFD01D0" box="[1244,1300,1187,1209]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="FFA310241642FFCA3F62FB08FABE01D1" box="[1312,1367,1187,1209]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2015">2015</date>
</bibRefCitation>
); frontal of triangular shape and narrower, e.g. 16.8–18.2% of SkL at border to prefrontal (vs. 22.1–24.4%), 30.7– 31.1% of SkL at border to postorbitofrontal (vs. 34.4– 35.8%) and 25.0–26.3% of SkL bordering the parietal (vs. 32.5–33.6%); also, parietal is narrower at border to frontal with 28.5–29.5% of SkL (vs. 34.1–35.1%).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307656F1642FFD43979FA35FC92001B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236E41642FFD53979FA35FDC303B8" blockId="15.[827,1443,1438,1865]" lastBlockId="16.[145,761,1465,1744]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B969EAF61642FFCA3979FA35FB3C00DB" box="[827,1237,1438,1459]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Description of the 
<typeStatus id="54A688461642FFCA3E4EFA35FB8200DB" box="[1036,1131,1438,1459]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13262A611642FFCA3E39FA35FB2400DB" box="[1147,1229,1438,1459]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="12.[145,223,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[385,1185,1135,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[385,1185,1135,1809]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 3. Holotypes of the three new Calumma species as preserved specimens.A, C. uetzi sp. nov. (ZSM 1688/2012). B, C. lefona sp. nov. (ZSM 2849/2010).C, C. juliae sp. nov. (ZSM 143/2016).Scale bar:20 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226493/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: Adult female, in a good state of preservation; SVL 
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, tail length 
<quantity id="4CE59B011642FFCA3979FA77FC760099" box="[827,927,1500,1522]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.54" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="55.4">55.4 mm</quantity>
; for other measurements, see 
<tableCitation id="C69F035F1642FFCA3EACFA77FAA90099" box="[1262,1344,1500,1522]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[9,73,551,572]" captionText="Table 1. Morphological measurements of the Calumma boettgeri complex" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Table 1</tableCitation>
; distinct rostral crest, laterally compressed dermal rostral appendage that projects forward of the snout tip over a length of 
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with a diameter of 
<quantity id="4CE59B011642FFCA3EA7F991FAD20327" box="[1253,1339,1594,1615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
, rounded distally; 14 infralabial and 13 supralabial scales; supralabials dorsally serrated; no supra-orbital crest; distinct lateral crest running horizontally; no temporal crest; occipital lobes clearly developed and separated but still slightly connected by a notch of 
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; casque raised; dorsal crest present, starting 
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from the base of the notch between the occipital lobes, consisting of a row of 12 separated, small conical scales spaced at regular intervals of ~ 
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, continuing on the tail with smaller and narrower spaced cones; no traces of gular or ventral crest. Body laterally compressed, with fine homogeneous scalation with the exception of the extremities and head region; limbs with rounded tubercle scales of maximal diameter 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165DFFD53AD3F9D1FF0703E7" box="[145,238,1658,1679]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
; heterogeneous scalation on the head, with largest scale on temporal region having a diameter of 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165DFFD53AD3F911FF0103A7" box="[145,232,1722,1743]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
; no axillary or inguinal pits.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62666C165DFFD53AD3FA8DFE1100FC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226499/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[145,223,1318,1340]" targetBox="[385,1185,206,1277]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165DFFD53AD3FA8DFE1100FC" blockId="16.[145,1425,1318,1428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165DFFD53AD3FA8DFF1E0053" bold="true" box="[145,247,1318,1340]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Distribution map of seven species of the 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165DFFD538E3FA8DFC810053" box="[673,872,1318,1339]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165DFFD538E3FA8DFCE00053" box="[673,777,1318,1339]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Calumma</taxonomicName>
boettgeri
</emphasis>
complex in Madagascar. The type locality is unknown for 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165DFFD53AF4FAEFFE6A0031" box="[182,387,1348,1369]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165DFFD53AF4FAEFFEC90031" box="[182,288,1348,1369]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Calumma</taxonomicName>
linotum.
</emphasis>
Contour lines indicate steps of 200 m elevation. The record from Nosy Komba is based on Hyde Roberts &amp; Daly (2014). Coordinates for 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165DFFD53878FACAFCEE001E" box="[570,775,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165DFFD53878FACAFD4D001E" box="[570,676,1377,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Calumma</taxonomicName>
boettgeri
</emphasis>
, Maromiandra (Nagy 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165DFFD539B7FAC9FBC3001E" box="[1013,1066,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012) in Prötzel 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165DFFD53EAAFAC9FAF7001E" box="[1256,1310,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
(2015) are corrected to 13.9965°S, 48.2177°E.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165DFFD43AD3F941FD0E012F" blockId="16.[145,761,1770,1856]" lastBlockId="17.[163,779,1043,1096]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165DFFD53AD3F941FE7B0277" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Skull osteology of the 
<typeStatus id="54A68846165DFFD53BD9F941FE160397" box="[411,511,1770,1791]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13262A61165DFFD53852F940FD8F0397" box="[528,614,1770,1792]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="13.[163,245,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[323,1283,195,1566]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 4. Micro-computed tomography scans of the skulls of the three holotypes in dorsal and lateral view. A, male Calumma uetzi sp. nov. (ZSM 1688/2012). B, male C. lefona sp. nov. (ZSM 2849/2010). C, female C. juliae sp. nov. (ZSM 143/2016). D, male C.boettgeri (ZSM 440/2000).E, male C.linotum holotype.F, female C.linotum (ZSM 551/2001).G, male C.gehringi holotype (ZSM 2851/2010).H, male C.guibei (ZSM 2855/2010).Diagnostic characters are encircled in red. Abbreviations are given in the Material and Methods.Scale bars:2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226495/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
, Supporting information, Video S4)
</emphasis>
: Skull length 
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; snout– casque length 
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; broad paired nasals meeting each other; anterior tip of frontal exceeding less than half of the naris and separated from premaxilla; prefrontal fontanelle and naris fused; frontal smooth, and parietal with only a few tubercles; frontal with width of 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165DFFD539C9F994FC08033D" box="[907,993,1599,1621]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
(18.2% of SkL) at border to prefrontal extending to 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165DFFD53992F9CAFBC7031E" box="[976,1070,1633,1654]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
(31.1% of SkL) at border to postorbitofrontal; broad parietal tapering strongly from a width of 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165DFFD539A7F90FFBD403D1" box="[997,1085,1700,1721]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
(29.5% of SkL) at the border to frontal to 
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(6.1% of SkL) at midpoint, then extending mostly straight beyond the posterodorsal extension of the squamosals, and finally tapering again at its tip; posterodorsally directed parietal does not meet the squamosal; squamosal thin without tubercles. For further measurements, see 
<tableCitation id="C69F035F165CFFD438C9FB99FD09012F" box="[651,736,1074,1096]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[8,72,637,658]" captionText="Table 2. Osteological measurements of the Calumma boettgeri complex" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62666C165CFFD43AE1FC10FAD40687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226501/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[163,242,955,977]" targetBox="[259,1347,195,914]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165CFFD43AE1FC10FAD40687" blockId="17.[163,1442,955,1007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD43AE1FC10FDDF06B9" bold="true" box="[163,566,955,977]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Figure 7. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165CFFD43B5AFC10FE3E06B9" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[280,471,955,977]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD43B5AFC10FE3E06B9" bold="true" box="[280,471,955,977]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Calumma juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D165CFFD43B9CFC17FDDF06B9" box="[478,566,956,977]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
coloration in life during day. A, female holotype ZSM 143/2016 relaxed. B, juvenile ZSM 254/2016 relaxed. C, D, portrait of female ZSM 254/2016 with stress pattern (C) and slightly displaying (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165CFFD43AE1FBCBFE030078" blockId="17.[163,779,1120,1296]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD43AE1FBCBFD22011E" box="[163,715,1120,1142]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Coloration of the 
<typeStatus id="54A68846165CFFD43B22FBCBFE57011D" box="[352,446,1120,1141]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in preservative (
<figureCitation id="13262A61165CFFD43837FBCAFD2A011D" box="[629,707,1120,1142]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="12.[145,223,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[385,1185,1135,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[385,1185,1135,1809]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 3. Holotypes of the three new Calumma species as preserved specimens.A, C. uetzi sp. nov. (ZSM 1688/2012). B, C. lefona sp. nov. (ZSM 2849/2010).C, C. juliae sp. nov. (ZSM 143/2016).Scale bar:20 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226493/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: The body of the 
<typeStatus id="54A68846165CFFD43B72FBD4FE7F01FD" box="[304,406,1151,1173]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in preservative is of dark grey colour without any distinct pattern; inner side of extremities and tail beige; extremities and temporal and postocular region of the head speckled with greyish–blue tubercle scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165CFFD43AE1FA82FF0203F8" blockId="17.[163,779,1320,1680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD43AE1FA82FEFE0056" box="[163,279,1321,1342]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Variation</emphasis>
: All adult female 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165CFFD43843FA82FD800055" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[513,617,1320,1342]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD43843FA82FD800055" box="[513,617,1320,1342]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D165CFFD43831FA82FD260056" box="[627,719,1321,1342]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
that have been found so far show a consistent morphology and consequently agree well with the 
<typeStatus id="54A68846165CFFD43821FACDFD200014" box="[611,713,1382,1404]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. ZSM 254/2016 and FGZC 5234 have a slightly shorter rostral appendage than the 
<typeStatus id="54A68846165CFFD43B9BFA08FDD200D1" box="[473,571,1443,1465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, at 2.4 and 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165CFFD438F5FA08FCE200D0" box="[695,779,1443,1464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
(vs. 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165CFFD43A90FA69FEC500BF" box="[210,300,1474,1495]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
); the notch between the occipital lobes is deeper in FGZC 5232 at 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165CFFD43BF9FA4BFDF9009E" box="[443,528,1504,1526]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
and less deep in ZSM 142/ 
<date id="FFA31024165CFFD43A96FA54FEE4037D" box="[212,269,1535,1557]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016">2016</date>
at 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165CFFD43B77FA54FE67037C" box="[309,398,1535,1556]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
(vs. 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165CFFD43B84FA54FDC8037C" box="[454,545,1535,1557]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
); the dorsal crest of ZSM 255/ 
<date id="FFA31024165CFFD43B53F9B6FEA1035B" box="[273,328,1565,1587]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016">2016</date>
consists of only nine tubercles (vs. 12); this might be referred to its juvenile developmental stage. In osteology, no significant variations were found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165CFFD43AE1F918FC250189" blockId="17.[163,779,1715,1890]" lastBlockId="17.[827,1444,1043,1249]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD43AE1F918FE3903A0" box="[163,464,1715,1737]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Coloration in life (
<figureCitation id="13262A61165CFFD43BC6F91FFE2F03A0" box="[388,454,1715,1737]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="17.[163,242,955,977]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,195,914]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[259,1347,195,914]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 7. Calumma juliae sp. nov. coloration in life during day.A, female holotype ZSM 143/2016 relaxed.B, juvenile ZSM254/2016 relaxed. C, D, portrait of female ZSM 254/2016 with stress pattern (C) and slightly displaying (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226501/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: Females are indistinctly grey–beige coloured; a netlike dark brown pattern on the skin between the scales and two dorsoventrally compressed blue blotches may occur on the body; tubercle scales on extremities and body may be bright green; rostral appendage not highlighted and of same colour as the body; a dark lateral stripe may stretch from the rostral appendage across the eyes to the occipital lobes. If stressed, only the head coloration changes to dark brown or green pattern at the dorsal head region, eyelids with radially aligned blue/violet spots, and rostral crest and appendage of turquoise/ green colour.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165CFFD43979FAAAFC92001B" blockId="17.[827,1443,1281,1395]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD43979FAAAFBFA007F" box="[827,1043,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Available names</emphasis>
: Apart from 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD43E90FAA9FA80007E" box="[1234,1385,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. boettgeri</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD43979FA8AFC5A005D" box="[827,947,1312,1334]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. linotum</emphasis>
, there is no other valid species or synonym in the 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD439C0FA94FBEA003D" box="[898,1027,1343,1365]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. nasutum</emphasis>
group with slightly notched occipital lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307656F165CFFD43979FA24FB260377" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165CFFD43979FA24FB260377" blockId="17.[827,1443,1423,1567]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD43979FA24FC5100CC" box="[827,952,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology</emphasis>
: D.P. dedicates the first new species he discovered himself to Julia Forster, in recognition of her generous support and understanding of our research on Madagascan chameleons and her help in collecting specimens of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307656F165CFFD73979F993FE9400A1" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165CFFD43979F993FA4A020A" blockId="17.[827,1443,1592,1890]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD43979F993FC3B0325" box="[827,978,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165CFFD439B3F993FB500325" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[1009,1209,1592,1613]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165CFFD439B3F993FB500325" box="[1009,1209,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Calumma juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D165CFFD43E81F992FAF60326" box="[1219,1311,1593,1614]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has so far been recorded only from a fragment of degraded primary rainforest, covering an area of just 15 ha, east of Moramanga (
<collectingRegion id="49D9F806165CFFD43E7EF93FFAD003C2" box="[1084,1337,1684,1706]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Toamasina Province</collectingRegion>
, eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F30A7674165CFFD43979F918FC2103A1" box="[827,968,1715,1737]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
; 
<figureCitation id="13262A61165CFFD43991F918FBF003A1" box="[979,1049,1715,1737]" captionStart="Figure6" captionStartId="16.[145,223,1318,1340]" captionTargetBox="[385,1185,206,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[385,1185,195,1277]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure6. DistributionmapofsevenspeciesoftheCalummaboettgericomplex inMadagascar.The typelocalityisunknown for Calumma linotum. Contour lines indicate steps of 200 m elevation. The record from Nosy Komba is based on Hyde Roberts &amp; Daly (2014). Coordinates for Calumma boettgeri, Maromiandra (Nagy et al., 2012) in Prötzel et al. (2015) are corrected to 13.9965°S, 48.2177°E." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226499/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13262A61165CFFD43E64F918FBAC03A0" box="[1062,1093,1715,1736]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[145,225,1198,1220]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1157]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[305,1265,195,1157]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution and habitat of Calumma juliae sp. nov. A, fragment of degraded primary forest of 15 ha next to Route Nationale 2; blue dots indicate records of C. juliae sp. nov. B, small fragment of primary forest (on the right) between rice fields and eucalyptus forest (on the left, behind).C, habitat of C. juliae sp. nov. next to rice fields; view from RouteNationale 2 inAugust2016.D, C. juliae sp. nov. in sleeping position photographed at night.Satellite imagery from Google Earth (17 December 2016)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226503/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8A</figureCitation>
); for geographical coordinates, see the descriptions in the subsections ‘Holotype’ and ‘Paratypes’ above. The forest fragment spreads over a hill that rises to a maximum elevation of 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165CFFD43F4CF8A4FA8B024C" box="[1294,1378,1807,1828]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1010.0">
<date id="FFA31024165CFFD43F4CF8A4FAAC024C" box="[1294,1349,1807,1828]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1010">1010</date>
m
</quantity>
a.s.l.; specimens were found only along the trail at 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165CFFD43F18F886FA4A022B" box="[1370,1443,1837,1859]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</quantity>
a.s.l., but we expect them to occur on the hill as well.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62666C165FFFD73AD3FB05FE100052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226503/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[145,225,1198,1220]" targetBox="[305,1265,195,1157]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165FFFD73AD3FB05FE100052" blockId="18.[145,1425,1198,1338]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD73AD3FB05FF1201AB" bold="true" box="[145,251,1198,1220]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Distribution and habitat of 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD73873FB05FCBB01AC" bold="true" box="[561,850,1198,1220]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165FFFD73873FB05FD1B01AC" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[561,754,1198,1220]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD73873FB05FD1B01AC" bold="true" box="[561,754,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Calumma juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D165FFFD738BBFB04FCBB01AC" box="[761,850,1199,1220]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A, fragment of degraded primary forest of 15 ha next to Route Nationale 2; blue dots indicate records of 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD738F3FB67FC9E0189" bold="true" box="[689,887,1228,1250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165FFFD738F3FB67FCFE018A" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[689,791,1228,1250]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD738F3FB67FCFE018A" bold="true" box="[689,791,1228,1250]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D165FFFD7395CFB67FC9E0189" box="[798,887,1228,1249]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
B, small fragment of primary forest (on the right) between rice fields and eucalyptus forest (on the left, behind). C, habitat of 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD739E1FB42FB8B0196" bold="true" box="[931,1122,1257,1279]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165FFFD739E1FB42FBEC0197" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[931,1029,1257,1279]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD739E1FB42FBEC0197" bold="true" box="[931,1029,1257,1279]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D165FFFD73E4EFB42FB8B0196" box="[1036,1122,1257,1278]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
next to rice fields; view from Route Nationale 2 in August 2016. D, 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD73859FAACFD300074" bold="true" box="[539,729,1286,1308]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165FFFD73859FAACFD950074" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[539,636,1286,1308]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD73859FAACFD950074" bold="true" box="[539,636,1286,1308]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D165FFFD738C1FAACFD300074" box="[643,729,1287,1308]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in sleeping position photographed at night. Satellite imagery from Google Earth (17 December 2016).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165FFFD73AD3FADDFE9400A1" blockId="18.[145,761,1398,1481]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
A further specimen was observed just north of the Route Nationale 2 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE295023165FFFD73B2CFA3EFE0B00C3" box="[366,482,1429,1451]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="-18.9513">18.9513°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE295023165FFFD73BAFFA3EFD8D00C2" box="[493,612,1429,1450]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="48.2721">48.2721°E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165FFFD7382DFA3EFD5C00C2" box="[623,693,1429,1451]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</quantity>
a.s.l.) in secondary bushes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307656F165FFFD73AD3FA49FC3B0393" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165FFFD73AD3FA49FC3B0393" blockId="18.[145,762,1506,1865]" lastBlockId="18.[809,1425,1398,1788]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD73AD3FA49FE25009F" box="[145,460,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Natural history and ecology</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165FFFD73BA5FA49FD76009F" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[487,671,1506,1527]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD73BA5FA49FD76009F" box="[487,671,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Calumma juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D165FFFD738E5FA48FD130090" box="[679,762,1507,1528]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is an arboreal, diurnal species found in bushes and trees in a small forest fragment of degraded primary rainforest. Roosting sites at night were thin branches or, rarely, leaves that were not exposed, but hidden inside tree/bush cover 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165FFFD73BDFF9D7FE1203F9" box="[413,507,1660,1681]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1.15" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3–2 m</quantity>
above the ground. In contrast to the syntopically occurring population of 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD738A3F931FD1103C7" box="[737,760,1690,1711]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD73AEDF912FEFD03A6" box="[175,276,1721,1742]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nasutum</emphasis>
, the present species preferred a horizontal sleeping position (vs. head pointing downwards). When disturbed, some specimens dropped immediately and stayed curled and motionless on the ground. In appropriate habitat, specimens occurred a few metres from one another. In 
<date id="FFA31024165FFFD73E54FADCFB5C00E4" box="[1046,1205,1398,1420]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2016-01">
January 
<date id="FFA31024165FFFD73E3EFADDFB5C00E4" box="[1148,1205,1398,1420]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2016" year="2016">2016</date>
</date>
, only adult females were collected; in 
<date id="FFA31024165FFFD739B5FA3EFB6500C3" box="[1015,1164,1429,1451]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2016-08">
August 
<date id="FFA31024165FFFD73E10FA3EFB6500C3" box="[1106,1164,1429,1451]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2016" year="2016">2016</date>
</date>
, additionally subadult and juvenile specimens; in 
<date id="FFA31024165FFFD73E2BFA18FACB00A1" box="[1129,1314,1459,1481]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2016-11">
November 
<date id="FFA31024165FFFD73EAAFA18FACB00A1" box="[1256,1314,1459,1481]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2016" year="2016">2016</date>
</date>
, only one adult female was found. None of the collected females showed signs of being gravid. The size of the juveniles suggests that they hatched during the rainy season from approximately January to March. Under the occipital lobes of two specimens (ZSM 143/ 
<date id="FFA31024165FFFD73F61F9E6FAB4030B" box="[1315,1373,1613,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2016">2016</date>
and 142/2016) we found three and two mites, respectively; the lobes might function as mite pockets comparable to axillary pits in other chameleon species to limit and locate the damage caused by these ectoparasites (Arnold, 1986).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307656F165FFFD6396BF8BEFE9C07AF" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165FFFD6396BF8BEFE9C07AF" blockId="18.[809,1425,1813,1865]" lastBlockId="19.[163,779,198,711]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165FFFD7396BF8BEFB8F0242" box="[809,1126,1813,1834]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Recommended IUCN status</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F30A7674165FFFD73E3BF8BEFB7F0242" box="[1145,1174,1813,1834]" name="American Samoa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">As</collectingCountry>
no attempts have yet been made to estimate the population size or status of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165EFFD63AE1FF6CFEEB05B3" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[163,258,198,220]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63AE1FF6CFEEB05B3" box="[163,258,198,220]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D165EFFD63B4BFF6CFEB405B4" box="[265,349,199,220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
directly, we suggest that it should be assessed under the IUCN Red List criterion B (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B15165EFFD63880FF4EFF330471" author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref17226" refString="IUCN. 2012. IUCN red list categories and criteria: version 3.1. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN." title="IUCN red list categories and criteria: version 3.1" type="book" year="2012">
IUCN, 
<date id="FFA31024165EFFD63AE1FEAFFF330471" box="[163,218,260,281]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2012">2012</date>
</bibRefCitation>
). The distribution area of the single known forest in which the species occurs has an area of ~ 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165EFFD638DCFE89FD150450" box="[670,764,290,312]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="0.15">0.15 km</quantity>
2, which we interpret as the area of occupancy (AOO) of the species as defined by the 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B15165EFFD63BB4FECBFD62041E" author="IUCN" box="[502,651,352,374]" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref17226" refString="IUCN. 2012. IUCN red list categories and criteria: version 3.1. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN." title="IUCN red list categories and criteria: version 3.1" type="book" year="2012">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
, but which at present is also equivalent to the EOO of the species (criterion B1). This constitutes a single threat-defined location (criterion B, subcriterion a). The forest in which it occurs is under heavy active anthropogenic pressure and is, in our opinion, in imminent danger of disappearance [criterion B, subcriterion b(iii)]. 
<collectingCountry id="F30A7674165EFFD63882FDB3FD370745" box="[704,734,536,557]" name="American Samoa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">As</collectingCountry>
the AOO of the species is considerably &lt;
<quantity id="4CE59B01165EFFD63813FD9DFD700724" box="[593,665,566,588]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
2, consists of a single threat-defined location, and is experiencing on-going decline in its quality and extent, the species qualifies as Critically Endangered under IUCN criterion B1ab(iii).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307656F165EFFD63BD1FD5DFA6904BA" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165EFFD63BD1FD5DFDF20664" blockId="19.[163,780,758,1250]" box="[403,539,758,782]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0EA8188165EFFD63BD1FD5DFDF20664" allCaps="true" box="[403,539,758,782]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="4">OSTEOLOGY</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236E4165EFFD63AE1FCB5FA6904BA" blockId="19.[163,780,758,1250]" lastBlockId="19.[827,1443,198,466]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Using micro-CT scans, we compared the skull morphology of the currently seven species of the 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD638C4FC96FCE2063A" box="[646,779,829,850]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. boettgeri</emphasis>
complex. Osteological measurements proved to be a useful tool to delimit these rather cryptic species. 
<collectingCountry id="F30A7674165EFFD638ACFCD0FCE506F8" box="[750,780,891,912]" name="American Samoa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">As</collectingCountry>
a further important taxonomic character, 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD638C9FC32FCE206C6" box="[651,779,921,942]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. gehringi</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13262A61165EFFD63AE9FC13FECF06A5" box="[171,294,952,974]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1391,1413]" captionTargetBox="[354,1217,196,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[353,1217,195,1350]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. DiceCT scan integrated into micro-CT scan of the skull of Calumma gehringi (ZSM 2840/2010), showing the position ofthe brain belowthe frontoparietal fenestra.A,lateral view on midsagittal section of three-dimensionalmodel.B, dorsalview on three-dimensional model.C, lateralview on midsagittal section(diceCT only).D, correlationof elevationand presence/width ofthe frontoparietalfenestra inthe Calumma nasutumgroup,based on datainTable4. Scale bars:2.0mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226507/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10A–C</figureCitation>
), 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63B78FC13FE4B06A5" box="[314,418,952,973]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. guibei,</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165EFFD63B9AFC13FDD106A5" authority="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw, 2018" authorityName="David Prötzel &amp; Miguel Vences &amp; Oliver Hawlitschek &amp; Mark D. Scherz &amp; Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina &amp; Frank Glaw" authorityYear="2018" box="[472,568,952,973]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lefona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63B9AFC13FDD106A5" box="[472,568,952,973]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. lefona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A578D165EFFD6387CFC13FD6706A5" box="[574,654,952,973]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
have a distinct frontoparietal fenestra (FF; also pineal or parietal foramen of other authors; see Eakin, 1973) that differs in size between the species. This fenestra also occurs in other species of the 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63BE7FB98FDC10120" box="[421,552,1075,1096]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. nasutum</emphasis>
group, e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165EFFD638E9FB98FE28010E" authority="(Rieppel &amp; Crumly, 1997)" authorityName="Rieppel &amp; Crumly" authorityYear="1997" baseAuthorityName="Rieppel &amp; Crumly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD638E9FB98FD2A0120" box="[683,707,1075,1096]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165EFFD6388BFB99FCE2012F" box="[713,779,1074,1095]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD6388BFB99FCE2012F" box="[713,779,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B15165EFFD63AE9FBFAFE51010E" author="Rieppel O &amp; Crumly C." box="[171,440,1105,1127]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="351 - 380" part="243" refId="ref18538" refString="Rieppel O, Crumly C. 1997. Paedomorphosis and skull structure in Malagasy chamaeleons (Reptilia: Chamaeleoninae). Journal of Zoology 243: 351 - 380." title="Paedomorphosis and skull structure in Malagasy chamaeleons (Reptilia: Chamaeleoninae)" type="journal article" year="1997">Rieppel &amp; Crumly, 1997</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63BBBFBFAFDF9010E" box="[505,528,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63875FBF9FD72010F" box="[567,667,1106,1127]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nasutum</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="C69F035F165EFFD638E8FBFAFD14010E" box="[682,765,1105,1127]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="21.[162,226,197,218]" captionText="Table 4. Species and taxonomic units of Calumma nasutum group checked for frontoparietal fenestra" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Table 4</tableCitation>
). Compared with the elevational distribution of the species, a highly significant correlation [
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63806FB24FDBD01CC" box="[580,596,1167,1188]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P</emphasis>
= 3.8207 × 10−6, 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63AE1FB05FF4701AB" box="[163,174,1198,1219]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">r</emphasis>
(Pearson) = 0.67] was found with presence/width of the fenestra and elevation (
<figureCitation id="13262A61165EFFD63845FB67FD820189" box="[519,619,1228,1250]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1391,1413]" captionTargetBox="[354,1217,196,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[353,1217,195,1350]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. DiceCT scan integrated into micro-CT scan of the skull of Calumma gehringi (ZSM 2840/2010), showing the position ofthe brain belowthe frontoparietal fenestra.A,lateral view on midsagittal section of three-dimensionalmodel.B, dorsalview on three-dimensional model.C, lateralview on midsagittal section(diceCT only).D, correlationof elevationand presence/width ofthe frontoparietalfenestra inthe Calumma nasutumgroup,based on datainTable4. Scale bars:2.0mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226507/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
). None of the species that live &lt;
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<date id="FFA31024165EFFD63E4BFF6CFBD605B4" box="[1033,1087,199,220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1000">1000</date>
m
</quantity>
a.s.l. has an FF, and all those&gt; 
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<date id="FFA31024165EFFD63913FF4EFC610593" box="[849,904,229,251]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1500">1500</date>
m
</quantity>
a.s.l. have one. Additionally, FF also occur in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165EFFD63979FEAFFC2C0471" baseAuthorityName="Brygoo, Blanc &amp; Domergue" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[827,965,260,281]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peyrierasi">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63979FEAFFC2C0471" box="[827,965,260,281]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. peyrierasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD639B8FEAFFB2B0471" box="[1018,1218,260,281]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. tsaratananense</emphasis>
(Prötzel 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63F64FEAFFAB20471" box="[1318,1371,260,281]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018; A. van’t Padje 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD639A7FE88FBF6045F" box="[997,1055,290,312]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
, unpublished observations); both are montane species that occur&gt; 
<quantity id="4CE59B01165EFFD63EF1FEEAFAEF043E" box="[1203,1286,321,342]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1900.0">
<date id="FFA31024165EFFD63EF1FEEAFB00043E" box="[1203,1257,321,342]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1900">1900</date>
m
</quantity>
a.s.l. (Brygoo, 
<date id="FFA31024165EFFD63979FECBFC9B041D" box="[827,882,352,373]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1971">1971</date>
, 1978), the latter of which is certainly not closely related to the 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63995FED4FBBE04FC" box="[983,1111,383,404]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. nasutum</emphasis>
group (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B15165EFFD63EEEFED5FA8704FB" author="Tolley KA &amp; Townsend TM &amp; Vences M." box="[1196,1390,382,404]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="20130184" part="280" refId="ref18888" refString="Tolley KA, Townsend TM, Vences M. 2013. Large-scale phylogeny of chameleons suggests African origins and Eocene diversification. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 280: 20130184." title="Large-scale phylogeny of chameleons suggests African origins and Eocene diversification" type="journal article" year="2013">
Tolley 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63EB4FED4FAC404FB" box="[1270,1325,382,404]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="FFA31024165EFFD63F7AFED5FA8704FB" box="[1336,1390,382,403]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2013">2013</date>
</bibRefCitation>
). All other investigated 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D67165EFFD63E49FE36FB9204DA" box="[1035,1147,413,434]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63E49FE36FB9204DA" box="[1035,1147,413,434]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Calumma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have a closed skull roof (Prötzel 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD6398EFE17FBEA04B9" box="[972,1027,444,465]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="FFA31024165EFFD63E52FE17FBAF04B9" box="[1040,1094,444,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2018">2018</date>
; van’t Padje 
<emphasis id="B969EAF6165EFFD63E94FE17FAE704B9" box="[1238,1294,444,465]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
, unpubl.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>