992 lines
116 KiB
XML
992 lines
116 KiB
XML
<document id="979D1DE209FE0B6921425594EEA57DEF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3636.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5b3a293b-04e5-4ad7-992f-cb016fcf166a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220373" ID-ZooBank="FE435AD6-66A4-46D8-95D3-7BFFD2ED28F1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460589564637" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pontes, Antonio Rossano Mendes, Gadelha, José Ramon, Melo, Éverton R. A., Sá, Fabrício Bezerra De, Loss, Ana Carolina, Junior, Vilacio Caldara, Costa, Leonora Pires & Leite, Yuri L. R." docDate="2013" docId="03B487BFA406FFC7B1FC39CB454EFC84" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03636p438.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3636 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Coendou speratus Pontes, Gadelha, Melo, Sá, Loss, Junior, Costa & Leite, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="374B1B81-3E66-49D3-9BD4-7C8CB926D500" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="435" masterDocId="FF8DFFC7A405FFC9B16B3A10402DFFD8" masterDocTitle="A new species of porcupine, genus Coendou (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) from the Atlantic forest of northeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="438" masterPageNumber="421" pageNumber="424" updateTime="1698325669086" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="35EE8BA011CC107EE23E480E9C466023">
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<mods:title id="5BE9DFFE737C38DC732EED520F515828">A new species of porcupine, genus Coendou (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) from the Atlantic forest of northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="851F07E7CDB25114946D2432A24D4F0F">Pontes, Antonio Rossano Mendes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5CB80449C5B86CE5615B7DB65D623F6D">Gadelha, José Ramon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="55CAA379C1955E43A4FC55D856FDA55A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3E132F24D96AD813952F89DCE6784B32">Melo, Éverton R. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FDEE456C60FA916F66226675DF157637">Sá, Fabrício Bezerra De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3BCCE5F38DDDF7D5A6A099702E9A2FB">Loss, Ana Carolina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97FF93D5A8B2DE16222FAD0F53561866">Junior, Vilacio Caldara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="27A1AB8F072F8505F689DACFCFFD108E">Costa, Leonora Pires</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3C5291909B0AA7B1FD779A673C44D075">Leite, Yuri L. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="451D06F0CD85DA64DD22E3B598CC5C85">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="69DED36938E26DB732DF3F7271E3C8CF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="992AA40D946E013800D50922C6FA8900">
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<mods:date id="D2D9483FD1DC0431BCDA7C9E15468279">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="530A084722DD6B11B22463243777D015" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="708BCC8C1E29C49156805908C06C3FC0">3636</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="37E40D37F6E72F9110625A332AA281B9">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D46DF3A189114A385EF14233D9D603A1">421</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="70E84CF8E79AB6D1DA62CA057EBA55FB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B646A38AAF26087D66C1574608FA1993" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3636.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="29C638D68D7230C2F19AD35ECC09A6C1" type="GBIF-Dataset">5b3a293b-04e5-4ad7-992f-cb016fcf166a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EE60B7FBE13C011CA07A8434270897EB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="466FB821B487EC457D39FB0BFE1047C2" type="Zenodo-Dep">220373</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2FAD8E98FD9A56A5074890EAB2CD6E71" type="ZooBank">FE435AD6-66A4-46D8-95D3-7BFFD2ED28F1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B487BFA406FFC7B1FC39CB454EFC84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5612802" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119565502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5612802" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:374B1B81-3E66-49D3-9BD4-7C8CB926D500" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487BFA406FFC7B1FC39CB454EFC84" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<subSubSection id="C3076522A406FFCAB1FC39CB40D8FBCE" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA236A9A406FFCAB1FC39CB41F8FC2D" blockId="3.[151,469,987,1046]" box="[151,469,987,1013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<heading id="D0EA81C5A406FFCAB1FC39CB41F8FC2D" bold="true" box="[151,469,987,1013]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B969EABBA406FFCAB1FC39CB41F8FC2D" bold="true" box="[151,469,987,1013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA406FFCAB1FC39CB415DFC2D" box="[151,368,987,1013]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B969EABBA406FFCAB1FC39CB415DFC2D" bold="true" box="[151,368,987,1013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A57C0A406FFCAB01C39CB41F8FC2D" box="[375,469,987,1013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA236A9A406FFCAB1FC39EE40D8FBCE" blockId="3.[151,469,987,1046]" box="[151,245,1022,1046]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<figureCitation id="13262A2CA406FFCAB1FC39EE40D8FBCE" box="[151,245,1022,1046]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1178,1201]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1157]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live specimen of Coendou speratus in captivity (MN 72046, paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220375/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3076522A406FFCAB1FC3E5742A6F9EA" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA236A9A406FFCAB1FC3E57425EFB7E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1094,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<emphasis id="B969EABBA406FFCAB1FC3E574126FB87" bold="true" box="[151,267,1095,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<typeStatus id="54A6880BA406FFCAB1FC3E57412BFB87" box="[151,262,1095,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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||
MN 72045, a pregnant adult female collected by A. R. Mendes Pontes (field number ARMP 61) on
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<date id="FFA31069A406FFCAB4EB3E564109FB5A" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" value="2009-03-25">25 March 2009</date>
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. The
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<typeStatus id="54A6880BA406FFCAB00F3E7A41EBFB5A" box="[356,454,1130,1154]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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consists of a flat skin (
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<figureCitation id="13262A2CA406FFCAB3B93E7A431EFB5A" box="[722,819,1130,1154]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1886]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation in the dorsal pelage of Coendou speratus: A) holotype (MN 72045); B, C) two paratypes (MN 72046, UFES 1184)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220376/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and skull (
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||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA406FFCAB2D63E7A440DFB5A" box="[957,1056,1130,1154]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Skull of the holotype of Coendou speratus sp. nov. (MN 72045) in dorsal, lateral and ventral views (A, B, D), and dentary in lateral and dorsal views (C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220377/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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||
) accompanied by liver, heart and muscle samples preserved in 95% ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A406FFCAB1AC3EA344E5FACA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1094,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<emphasis id="B969EABBA406FFCAB1AC3EA34145FB13" bold="true" box="[199,360,1202,1227]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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||
<typeStatus id="54A6880BA406FFCAB1AC3EA3412DFB13" box="[199,256,1203,1227]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A406FFCAB0EA3EA34197FB12" box="[385,442,1203,1226]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Mata</collectingCountry>
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Tauá, Usina Trapiche, municipality of Sirinhaém, state of Pernambuco,
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<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A406FFCAB43B3EA245BAFB12" box="[1360,1431,1202,1226]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB1FC3EC64106FB36" box="[151,299,1238,1262]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="1" value="-8.562814">8°33'46.13"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB0583EC641FFFB36" box="[307,466,1238,1262]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="1" value="-35.169193">35°10'9.09"W</geoCoordinate>
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, elevation
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<specimenCount id="9D1BFD20A406FFCAB3253EC642A2FB36" box="[590,655,1238,1262]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="generic">
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<quantity id="4CE59B4CA406FFCAB3253EC642A6FB36" box="[590,651,1238,1262]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" unit="m" value="85.0">85 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A406FFCAB3FC3EC742FCFB36" box="[663,721,1239,1262]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Mata</collectingCountry>
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Tauá is a 280.33 ha isolated fragment of Submontane Tropical Rainforest (Oliveira & Fontes 2000) within Usina Trapiche, a privately owned sugar plantation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA236A9A406FFCAB1AC3F0F42A6F9EA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1094,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<typeStatus id="54A6880BA406FFCAB1AC3F0F4112FAEF" box="[199,319,1311,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B969EABBA406FFCAB1AC3F0F4112FAEF" bold="true" box="[199,319,1311,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. All four
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<typeStatus id="54A6880BA406FFCAB0DC3F0F420FFAEF" box="[439,546,1311,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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were collected by Mendes Pontes, Gadelha and Melo in the Usina Trapiche area, Sirinhaém, state of Pernambuco,
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<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A406FFCAB33E3F5242B0FA82" box="[597,669,1346,1370]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
. Like the
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||
<typeStatus id="54A6880BA406FFCAB2783F524355FA82" box="[787,888,1346,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, these specimens consist of flat skins and skull with liver, heart and muscle tissue preserved in 95% ethanol. Three
|
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<typeStatus id="54A6880BA406FFCAB2DE3F77440DFAA7" box="[949,1056,1383,1407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were collected at Boca da
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A406FFCAB4083F7745B0FAA6" box="[1379,1437,1383,1406]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
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(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB1F43F9A4118FA7A" box="[159,309,1418,1442]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="1" value="-8.5324">8°31'56.64"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB0543F9A41CEFA7A" box="[319,483,1418,1442]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="1" value="-35.094402">35°5'39.85"W</geoCoordinate>
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||
): of these, MN 72046 (=ARMP 60) was a pregnant adult female collected on
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<date id="FFA31069A406FFCAB4EB3F9A416CFA1E" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" value="2009-02-15">15 February 2009</date>
|
||
; UFPE 1708 (=ARMP 56) was an adult male collected on
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<date id="FFA31069A406FFCAB29E3FBE44F9FA1E" box="[1013,1236,1454,1478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" value="2008-12-22">22 December 2008</date>
|
||
; and UFPE 1709 (=ARMP 57) was a pregnant adult female collected on
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<date id="FFA31069A406FFCAB26D3FC243EFFA32" box="[774,962,1490,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" value="2009-01-22">22 January 2009</date>
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, with quills on the rump and tail damaged by fire. The fourth
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A6880BA406FFCAB0ED3FE741C4F9D7" box="[390,489,1527,1551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, UFES 1184 (=ARMP 62), was an adult male collected at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A406FFCAB5D43FE744D4F9D6" box="[1215,1273,1527,1550]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
da Barragem (
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB1CB3C0A413AF9EA" box="[160,279,1562,1586]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="15" value="-8.630278">8°37’49”S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB0753C0A4182F9EA" box="[286,431,1562,1586]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="15" value="-35.196667">35°11’48”W</geoCoordinate>
|
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), on
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<date id="FFA31069A406FFCAB08D3C0A42AAF9EA" box="[486,647,1562,1586]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" value="2009-04-27">27 April 2009</date>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C3076522A406FFCDB1AC3C2E457EFF2F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="425" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BA236A9A406FFCAB1AC3C2E4294F8AE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1094,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
|
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<emphasis id="B969EABBA406FFCAB1AC3C2E4186F98F" bold="true" box="[199,427,1598,1623]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Additional records</emphasis>
|
||
. Two specimens of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA406FFCAB3F13C2E4344F98F" box="[666,873,1598,1623]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA406FFCAB3F13C2E4344F98F" box="[666,873,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were rescued by the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) on two different occasions. The first was rescued on
|
||
<date id="FFA31069A406FFCAB5A83C7245B1F9A2" box="[1219,1436,1634,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" value="2009-09-20">20 September 2009</date>
|
||
from a house close to a forest fragment in Curado IV (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB22D3C9643E0F946" box="[838,973,1670,1694]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="1" value="-8.065233">8°3'54.84"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB2B73C9644A1F946" box="[988,1164,1670,1694]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="1" value="-34.99882">34°59'55.76"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), city of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CE59B4CA406FFCAB0A63CBA423EF91A" box="[461,531,1706,1730]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
from Usina Trapiche; this animal was subsequently released in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A406FFCAB46E3CBB4512F91A" box="[1285,1343,1707,1730]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Xanguá (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB1F43CDE4118F93E" box="[159,309,1742,1766]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="1" value="-8.653649">8°39'13.14"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB0563CDE41C7F93E" box="[317,490,1742,1766]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="1" value="-35.16994">35°10'11.78"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) on
|
||
<date id="FFA31069A406FFCAB3743CDE42D6F93E" box="[543,763,1742,1766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" value="2009-09-24">24 September 2009</date>
|
||
by ICMBio employees (release # 38 of Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres, CETAS). The second animal was rescued on
|
||
<date id="FFA31069A406FFCAB2C73CE244A6F8D2" box="[940,1163,1778,1802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" value="2009-09-28">
|
||
28 September
|
||
<quantity id="4CE59B4CA406FFCAB5383CE244A6F8D2" box="[1107,1163,1778,1802]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10286" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" unit="in" value="2009.0">2009</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in Várzea (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB47E3CE245B1F8D2" box="[1301,1436,1778,1802]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="1" value="-8.044295">8°2'39.46"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB1FC3D064165F8F6" box="[151,328,1814,1838]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="1" value="-34.96114">34°57'40.10"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), city of Recife, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CE59B4CA406FFCAB3DA3D0642D4F8F6" box="[689,761,1814,1838]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
|
||
from Usina Trapiche; this animal was released in an urban protected forest fragment,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A406FFCAB0AE3D2B41D3F88A" box="[453,510,1851,1874]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Brennand (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB3ED3D2A4321F88A" box="[646,780,1850,1874]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="1" value="-8.053692">8°3'13.29"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE29506EA406FFCAB27E3D2A43EBF88A" box="[789,966,1850,1874]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="1" value="-34.981255">34°58'52.52"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Várzea, Recife, on
|
||
<date id="FFA31069A406FFCAB5D33D2A45B5F88A" box="[1208,1432,1850,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" value="2009-09-30">30 September 2009</date>
|
||
, by ICMBio employees (release # 41 of CETAS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A406FFCDB1AC3D93457EFF2F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1094,2019]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,463]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="425" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
|
||
In addition, a specimen housed at the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A406FFCAB2873D92441EF842" box="[1004,1075,1922,1946]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, also matches the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA406FFCAB1FC3DB7413BF867" box="[151,278,1959,1983]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA406FFCAB1FC3DB7413BF867" box="[151,278,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This specimen apparently lacks a catalog number but it has field number SNP1 (for “Serviço Nacional de Peste” #1) and consists of the skin and skull of an adult female. It was collected during a plague survey in the vicinity of Viçosa, state of Alagoas, northeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A401FFCDB3F13A8742CCFF77" box="[666,737,151,175]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, just
|
||
<quantity id="4CE59B4CA401FFCDB2703A87435DFF77" box="[795,880,151,175]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" unit="km" value="150.0">150 km</quantity>
|
||
southwest of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A6880BA401FFCDB55F3A884449FF68" box="[1076,1124,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA401FFCDB5883A88454EFF68" box="[1251,1379,152,176]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB5883A88454EFF68" box="[1251,1379,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The common name
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB02C3AAC41C8FF0C" box="[327,485,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">coandu-mirim</emphasis>
|
||
is written on the skin tag, and the collecting date is unknown, but it probably took place between
|
||
<date id="FFA31069A401FFCDB0563ACF41CEFF2F" box="[317,483,223,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" value="1952" valueMax="1956">1952 and 1956</date>
|
||
(Oliveira & Franco 2005), and we identify it as belonging to this new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3076522A401FFCDB1AC3B1340CBF946" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A401FFCDB1AC3B134351FE17" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB1AC3B134117FEC4" bold="true" box="[199,314,259,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA401FFCDB0213B14423AFEC4" box="[330,535,260,284]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB0213B14423AFEC4" box="[330,535,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small-bodied, long- tailed species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69F0312A401FFCDB2893B144417FEC4" box="[994,1082,260,284]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,235,512,533]" captionTargetBox="[151,1373,561,947]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. External measurements (mm) and body weight (g) of the type series of Coendou speratus. M = male, F = female." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF626621A401FFCDB1FC38104541FDCE" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" tableUuid="DF626621A401FFCDB1FC38104541FDCE">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) that appears to be completely spiny because it lacks long fur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA401FFCDB09E3B37424DFEE7" box="[501,608,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1886]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation in the dorsal pelage of Coendou speratus: A) holotype (MN 72045); B, C) two paratypes (MN 72046, UFES 1184)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220376/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA401FFCDB3073B374251FEE7" box="[620,636,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1968,1991]" captionTargetBox="[327,1260,193,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[327,1260,193,1947]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) surfaces of body and ventral surface of the prehensile tail (C) of Coendou speratus (MN 72046, paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220378/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal quills have conspicuously brownish red tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA401FFCDB4683B37454EFEE7" box="[1283,1379,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1500,1523]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in Coendou speratus quills. A, B) Mid-dorsal tricolor quills (UFPE 1708, MN 72045); C, D) Mid-dorsal bicolor quills (MN 72045, MN 72046); E, F) Bicolor quills from the rump (MN 72045, MN 72046); G) tricolor quills from the head (MN 72045)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220379/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) that contrast with the blackish dorsal background color. The sigmoid notch of the mandible is shallow; the condylar and coronoid processes reach the same height, delimiting a shallow and squarish sigmoid notch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA401FFCDB5F53B7F452CFE5F" box="[1182,1281,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Skull of the holotype of Coendou speratus sp. nov. (MN 72045) in dorsal, lateral and ventral views (A, B, D), and dentary in lateral and dorsal views (C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220377/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The kidneyshaped auditory bullae are inflated anteriorly, and each one has a small external auditory meatus. The sphenopalatine vacuities are present in most specimens examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF626621A401FFCDB1FC38104541FDCE" ID-Table-UUID="DF626621A401FFCDB1FC38104541FDCE" box="[151,1388,512,534]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF626621A401FFCDB1FC38104541FDCE" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" targetBox="[151,1373,561,947]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A401FFCDB1FC38104541FDCE" blockId="4.[151,1388,512,534]" box="[151,1388,512,534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB1FC38104129FDCD" bold="true" box="[151,260,512,533]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
External measurements (mm) and body weight (g) of the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA401FFCDB2B6381044B9FDCE" box="[989,1172,512,534]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB2B6381044B9FDCE" box="[989,1172,512,534]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. M=male, F=female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A401FFCDB097382241FFFC6B" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<table id="F91DC409A4010036B1FC38214570FC6B" box="[151,1373,561,947]" gridcols="6" gridrows="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA4010036B1FC38214570FD5D" box="[151,1373,561,645]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A4010036B097382142AEFD5D" box="[508,643,561,645]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">UFPE 1708 (=ARMP 56) paratype (M)</th>
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A4010036B3DE38214313FD5D" box="[693,830,561,645]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">UFPE 1709 (=ARMP 57) paratype (F)*</th>
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A4010036B206382143DBFD5D" box="[877,1014,561,645]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">MN 72046 (=ARMP 60) paratype (F)*</th>
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A4010036B5713821448AFD5D" box="[1050,1191,561,645]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">MN72045 (=ARMP 61) holotype (F)*</th>
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A4010036B5BA38214570FD5D" box="[1233,1373,561,645]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">UFES 1184 (=ARMP 62) paratype (M)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA4010036B1FC38D14570FD00" box="[151,1373,705,728]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A4010036B1FC38D141FFFD00" box="[151,466,705,728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Head and body length (HBL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B09738D142AEFD00" box="[508,643,705,728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">330</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B3DE38D14313FD00" box="[693,830,705,728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">370</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B20638D143DBFD00" box="[877,1014,705,728]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">NA</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B57138D1448AFD00" box="[1050,1191,705,728]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">440</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B5BA38D14570FD00" box="[1233,1373,705,728]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">340</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA4010036B1FC38FA4570FCD9" box="[151,1373,746,769]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A4010036B1FC38FA41FFFCD9" box="[151,466,746,769]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Tail length (TAL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B09738FA42AEFCD9" box="[508,643,746,769]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">320</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B3DE38FA4313FCD9" box="[693,830,746,769]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">310</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B20638FA43DBFCD9" box="[877,1014,746,769]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">NA</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B57138FA448AFCD9" box="[1050,1191,746,769]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">286</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B5BA38FA4570FCD9" box="[1233,1373,746,769]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">314</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA4010036B1FC39034570FCF2" box="[151,1373,787,810]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A4010036B1FC390341FFFCF2" box="[151,466,787,810]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Ear length (EAR)</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B097390342AEFCF2" box="[508,643,787,810]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">22</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B3DE39034313FCF2" box="[693,830,787,810]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">16</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B206390343DBFCF2" box="[877,1014,787,810]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">NA</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B5713903448AFCF2" box="[1050,1191,787,810]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">27</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B5BA39034570FCF2" box="[1233,1373,787,810]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">24</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA4010036B1FC392D4570FC8B" box="[151,1373,829,851]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A4010036B1FC392D41FFFC8B" box="[151,466,829,851]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Hind foot length (HFL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B097392D42AEFC8B" box="[508,643,829,851]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">56</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B3DE392D4313FC8B" box="[693,830,829,851]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">58</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B206392D43DBFC8B" box="[877,1014,829,851]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">NA</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B571392D448AFC8B" box="[1050,1191,829,851]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">50</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B5BA392D4570FC8B" box="[1233,1373,829,851]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">51</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA4010036B1FC39764570FCA4" box="[151,1373,870,892]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A4010036B1FC397641FFFCA4" box="[151,466,870,892]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Weight (W)</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B097397642AEFCA4" box="[508,643,870,892]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">1650</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B3DE39764313FCA4" box="[693,830,870,892]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">1050</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B206397643DBFCA4" box="[877,1014,870,892]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">NA</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B5713976448AFCA4" box="[1050,1191,870,892]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">1600</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A4010036B5BA39764570FCA4" box="[1233,1373,870,892]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">1450</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA4010036B1FC398D4570FC6B" box="[151,1373,925,947]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A4010036B1FC398D41FFFC6B" box="[151,466,925,947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">* pregnant; NA = not available</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A401FFCDB1AC39CA4453FB12" blockId="4.[151,1436,986,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB1AC39CA41C6FC2B" bold="true" box="[199,491,986,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. The new species is probably endemic to the Pernambuco Endemism Centre or Pernambuco refugium (Punde
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB09E3E104205FBCE" box="[501,552,1022,1047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008; Carnaval
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB39B3E104306FBCE" box="[752,811,1022,1047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009) in the northeast sector of the Brazilian Atlantic forest (north of the São Francisco river), which encompasses the coastal region of the states of Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. However, we did not find the new species during 5-year surveys in 23 other areas, including the largest and best-preserved forest fragment, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A401FFCDB2813E7B4409FB5A" box="[1002,1060,1131,1154]" name="Malta" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Coimbra (3,642 ha), not far from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A6880BA401FFCDB1AA3E9F40DCFB7F" box="[193,241,1167,1191]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality at Usina Trapiche. Further surveys along the Atlantic coast of northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A401FFCDB5DB3E9E44DAFB7E" box="[1200,1271,1166,1190]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, are needed in order to locate additional populations and determine the geographic range of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A401FFCDB1AC3EC64555FAA6" blockId="4.[151,1436,986,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
The geographic range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA401FFCDB09D3EC642EBFB37" box="[502,710,1238,1263]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB09D3EC642EBFB37" box="[502,710,1238,1263]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overlaps with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA401FFCDB2BD3EC7445BFB36" box="[982,1142,1238,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB2BD3EC7445BFB36" box="[982,1142,1238,1262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">C. prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA401FFCDB4E93EC7412AFACB" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB4E93EC7412AFACB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">C. insidiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which only occurs to the south of the São Francisco River mouth; Oliver & Santos 1991; Caldara Jr. & Leite 2012). Apparently, the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA401FFCDB3383F0F42FBFAEF" box="[595,726,1311,1335]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB3383F0F42FBFAEF" box="[595,726,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not overlap with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA401FFCDB5563F0F44C8FAEE" box="[1085,1253,1310,1334]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB5563F0F44C8FAEE" box="[1085,1253,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">C. nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an Amazonian species that ranges from the lower Amazon and lower Tocantins in the Brazilian state of Amazonas to the northwest part of the state of Maranhão (Handley & Pine 1992; Voss & Angermann 1997; Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB59B3F784505FAA6" box="[1264,1320,1382,1407]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A401FFCDB1AC3F9A40CBF946" blockId="4.[151,1436,986,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB1AC3F9A410EFA7B" bold="true" box="[199,291,1418,1443]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
. We sighted the new species in systematic census only at Usina Trapiche, where submontane remnants of Dense Tropical Rainforests are preserved on hilltops that are not suitable for agriculture. These remnants are highly threatened by selective cutting, intentional fires, presence of domestic animals, and most importantly, hunting. Patrolling of the remnants is highly limited and we regularly encountered hunters, heard shots and found hunting devices and suspended hunting platforms in the trails and within the forest. We believe the habitat of the porcupine may include other forest
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A6880BA401FFCDB35F3C2F4242F98F" box="[564,623,1599,1623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">types</typeStatus>
|
||
along the Atlantic coast of northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A401FFCDB5203C2E44BFF98E" box="[1099,1170,1598,1622]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, such as Open Canopy Tropical Rainforests and Deciduous Seasonal Forests, but most of these forest
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A6880BA401FFCDB5743C734477F9A3" box="[1055,1114,1635,1659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">types</typeStatus>
|
||
have been destroyed in this region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3076522A401FFCCB1AC3CBA423CFAAF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A401FFCDB1AC3CBA41F9F88A" blockId="4.[151,1436,986,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB1AC3CBA417CF91B" bold="true" box="[199,337,1706,1731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB0343CBB41B6F91B" box="[351,411,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Tricolored quills whitish yellow basally, black in the middle, brownish red distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA401FFCDB43A3CBA408BF93E" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1500,1523]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in Coendou speratus quills. A, B) Mid-dorsal tricolor quills (UFPE 1708, MN 72045); C, D) Mid-dorsal bicolor quills (MN 72045, MN 72046); E, F) Bicolor quills from the rump (MN 72045, MN 72046); G) tricolor quills from the head (MN 72045)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220379/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G); bristles yellowish white basally, black in the middle, light brownish red distally; long sparse black mystacial vibrissae, some extending beyond shoulder line (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE59B4CA401FFCDB2633CE2434DF8D2" box="[776,864,1778,1802]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
); pinkish bulbous muzzle covered with black to brownish short hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA401FFCDB0F63D064228F8F6" box="[413,517,1814,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1178,1201]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1157]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live specimen of Coendou speratus in captivity (MN 72046, paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220375/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); rounded flat ears with yellow-tipped black hairs on the inner side; shorter submental vibrissae present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A401FFCCB1AC3D4E446CFE17" blockId="4.[151,1436,986,2018]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,1976]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA401FFCDB1AC3D4E40D2F8AE" box="[199,255,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Body</emphasis>
|
||
. Most dorsal quills tricolor (bright yellow basally, black in the middle, and brownish red distally) from head to mid-back (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA401FFCDB0123D9241F2F842" box="[377,479,1922,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1500,1523]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in Coendou speratus quills. A, B) Mid-dorsal tricolor quills (UFPE 1708, MN 72045); C, D) Mid-dorsal bicolor quills (MN 72045, MN 72046); E, F) Bicolor quills from the rump (MN 72045, MN 72046); G) tricolor quills from the head (MN 72045)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220379/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B); dorsal quills have a long black band and short brownish red tip in some specimens (e.g., UFPE 1708), but a short black band and long brownish red tip in others (e.g., MN 72045). Less conspicuous, black tipped, light yellow based bicolor quills also present in all specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA401FFCDB5AC3DDA4501F83A" box="[1223,1324,1994,2018]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1500,1523]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in Coendou speratus quills. A, B) Mid-dorsal tricolor quills (UFPE 1708, MN 72045); C, D) Mid-dorsal bicolor quills (MN 72045, MN 72046); E, F) Bicolor quills from the rump (MN 72045, MN 72046); G) tricolor quills from the head (MN 72045)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220379/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Some specimens (e.g., MN 72045) also have yellow based, brownish red tipped bicolor quills from head to mid-back (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA400FFCCB1F53AAC412DFF0C" box="[158,256,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1500,1523]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in Coendou speratus quills. A, B) Mid-dorsal tricolor quills (UFPE 1708, MN 72045); C, D) Mid-dorsal bicolor quills (MN 72045, MN 72046); E, F) Bicolor quills from the rump (MN 72045, MN 72046); G) tricolor quills from the head (MN 72045)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220379/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Quills on rump bicolor, shorter than those from head to mid-back, with larger yellow basal band, and black tip. Bicolor quills on rump and thighs varying from dark yellow (e.g., MN 72045,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA400FFCCB5133ACF44FBFF2F" box="[1144,1238,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1500,1523]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in Coendou speratus quills. A, B) Mid-dorsal tricolor quills (UFPE 1708, MN 72045); C, D) Mid-dorsal bicolor quills (MN 72045, MN 72046); E, F) Bicolor quills from the rump (MN 72045, MN 72046); G) tricolor quills from the head (MN 72045)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220379/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E) to light yellow (e.g., MN 72046,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA400FFCCB0343B144193FEC4" box="[351,446,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1500,1523]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in Coendou speratus quills. A, B) Mid-dorsal tricolor quills (UFPE 1708, MN 72045); C, D) Mid-dorsal bicolor quills (MN 72045, MN 72046); E, F) Bicolor quills from the rump (MN 72045, MN 72046); G) tricolor quills from the head (MN 72045)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220379/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Specimens with bicolor, red-brownish quills also have tricolor quills with short black band on mid-dorsum and dark yellow-based bicolor quills on the rump (e.g., MN 72045), giving an overall brownish red dorsal coloration (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA400FFCCB3683B5C424BFEBC" box="[515,614,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1886]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation in the dorsal pelage of Coendou speratus: A) holotype (MN 72045); B, C) two paratypes (MN 72046, UFES 1184)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220376/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). In general, dorsal quills densely grouped in very sharp duals or triads, some with barbed tips. Thin, sparse, short grayish dorsal hairs are hidden by the quills. Ventral surface sparsely covered with soft, 14 mm-long, grayish to totally whitish hairs; spinous hairs at the transition to the dorsal surface, whitish to yellowish basally, black in the middle, and from reddish to beige distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A400FFCCB1AC3BCC43DBFD87" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB1AC3BCC4126FE2C" box="[199,267,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Limbs</emphasis>
|
||
. Inner fore- and hind-limbs covered with brownish to grayish dense hairs; outer fore- and hind-limbs with predominately spinous hairs, whitish to yellowish basally, blackish to brownish in the middle, and beige to yellowish distally, measuring ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE59B4CA400FFCCB37E3834424AFDE4" box="[533,615,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
on forelimbs and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE59B4CA400FFCCB250383443A1FDE4" box="[827,908,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
on hindlimbs. Anconeal, medial antebrachial, and ulnar carpal vibrissae present, measuring ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE59B4CA400FFCCB3D53857433DFD87" box="[702,784,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
; long, curved claws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A400FFCCB1AC387C426BFC84" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB1AC387C40C2FD5C" box="[199,239,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Tail</emphasis>
|
||
. Prehensile; dorsal surface of the proximal half covered with ca. 26 mm-long bicolored quills, similar to those on the rump and thighs, gradually shorter towards the distal half; quills light yellow and bristles brownish (MN 72046, UFPE 1708, UFES 1184) or quills brownish yellow and bristles orange to reddish brown (MN 72045, UFPE 1709); yellow tipped black spinous hairs at the transition between the dorsal and ventral surfaces and lateral grayish soft hairs at the base of the tail; distal half of the tail covered with ca. 13 mm-long dark brown (MN 72046, UFPE 1708, UFES 1184) to reddish brown bristles (MN 72045, UFPE 1709), including the ventral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA400FFCCB43A390F408BFC84" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1968,1991]" captionTargetBox="[327,1260,193,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[327,1260,193,1947]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) surfaces of body and ventral surface of the prehensile tail (C) of Coendou speratus (MN 72046, paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220378/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), except for the naked prehensile tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A400FFCCB1AC3978410FFB3F" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB1AC397840D2FC58" box="[199,255,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Skull</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal cranial profile flat over the nasals and frontals, contrasting with slightly convex surface of the parietals in lateral view; post-orbital ridges reach the protruded lambdoidal ridge; nasal bones very long, tapering posteriorly and anteriorly to pointed ends; zygomatic arches widest posteriorly, converging toward the rostrum with a slight secondary widening at the orbits; jugal only slightly expanded; right and left incisive foramina separated by a complete median septum and bordered posteriorly by maxillary bones; posterior diastema and palatal bridge between cheek teeth narrowly constricted with a median keel; anterior margin of mesopterygoid fossa?-shaped, extending to the level of the second molars; roof of mesopterygoid fossa varying from completely ossified (e.g., UFPE 1709) to perforated by small to large sphenopalatine vacuities (e.g., MN 72045,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA400FFCCB4413E7445A3FBA4" box="[1322,1422,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Skull of the holotype of Coendou speratus sp. nov. (MN 72045) in dorsal, lateral and ventral views (A, B, D), and dentary in lateral and dorsal views (C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220377/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); auditory bullae large, bean-shaped, and constricted posteriorly to contact paroccipital processes; roof of the external auditory meatus varies from weakly keeled in some specimens (e.g., UFPE 1709) to smooth in others (e.g., MN 72046).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A400FFCCB1AC3EE5423CFAAF" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB1AC3EE5411CFAD4" box="[199,305,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Dentition</emphasis>
|
||
. Anterior surfaces of incisors orangish and remaining surfaces whitish; maxillary toothrows subparallel; maxillary teeth pentalophodont, resembling those of other erethizontids (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA400FFCCB59A3F084540FAE8" box="[1265,1389,1304,1328]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Chaetomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB59A3F084540FAE8" box="[1265,1389,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Chaetomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in occlusal morphology; Permanent fourth upper premolar larger than first molar, and second molar smaller than first molar and larger than third molar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3076522A400FFCFB1AC3F94412EF971" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A400FFCCB1AC3F9444A0F964" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB1AC3F94416BFA44" bold="true" box="[199,326,1412,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific epithet
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB3283F954285FA44" box="[579,680,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA400FFCCB3283F954289FA44" box="[579,676,1413,1436]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">speratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
or ‘hope’, acknowledges our hope that this new species calls the attention of the world to the critical need to save the highly-threatened region where it occurs. To date, 50% of all trees (Silva & Tabarelli 2000; Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB3323FDD42A1FA3C" box="[601,652,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004; Santos
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB2523FDD4341FA3C" box="[825,876,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008), 50% of all medium-sized mammals, and 100% of all large mammals have gone extinct in the Pernambuco Endemism Centre (Mendes Pontes
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB4713FE14560F9D0" box="[1306,1357,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005; Silva Jr. & Mendes Pontes 2008; Mendes Pontes 2009), where even small mammal populations are far below levels that are sustainable in the long run (Asfora & Mendes Pontes 2009). We also hope to call the attention of funding agencies and decision-makers to the need for intensive inventories in this hotspot’s hotspot in order to establish the very first step towards conservation, which is to know the true biological value of the forest remnants, and most importantly, the need for financial investment in this sector of the Atlantic forest of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A400FFCCB52A3CB444A4F964" box="[1089,1161,1700,1724]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A400FFCCB1AC3CD7418FF860" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB1AC3CD74315F938" bold="true" box="[199,824,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Phylogenetic relationships and genetic divergences</emphasis>
|
||
. The phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA400FFCCB5C73CD84550F938" box="[1196,1405,1736,1760]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB5C73CD84550F938" box="[1196,1405,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uncertain, although cyt-
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB0C63CFC4196F8DC" box="[429,443,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">b</emphasis>
|
||
sequences indicate that it is closely related to
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB29E3CFD456DF8DC" box="[1013,1344,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA400FFCCB29E3CFD448FF8DC" box="[1013,1186,1772,1796]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">C. nycthemera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA400FFCCB5D93CFD4511F8DC" box="[1202,1340,1773,1796]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Chaetomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">C. spinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA400FFCCB4E93CFD412AF8F0" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB4E93CFD412AF8F0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">C. insidiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA400FFCCB07D3D004154F8F0" box="[278,377,1808,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1448,1471]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,184,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,173,1427]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bayesian inference tree based on cytochrome b sequences from Coendou species. Numbers above branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 and parsimony bootstrap support values ≥ 80 %. Numbers below branches indicate average pairwise genetic distances (Kimura 2 - parameter) among specimens. Erethizon dorsatum and Chaetomys subspinosus were used as outgroups." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220380/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Bayesian and parsimony trees based on the cyt-
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB2B63D0043C6F8F0" box="[989,1003,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">b</emphasis>
|
||
gene were almost identical, with only one difference: the former shows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA400FFCCB3773D2542ECF894" box="[540,705,1844,1868]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB3773D254202F894" box="[540,559,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB3543D2442ECF894" box="[575,705,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA400FFCCB2443D254399F894" box="[815,948,1845,1868]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB2443D25436FF894" box="[815,834,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB2383D254399F894" box="[851,948,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with no support (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA400FFCCB5DD3D244537F894" box="[1206,1306,1844,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1448,1471]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,184,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,173,1427]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bayesian inference tree based on cytochrome b sequences from Coendou species. Numbers above branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 and parsimony bootstrap support values ≥ 80 %. Numbers below branches indicate average pairwise genetic distances (Kimura 2 - parameter) among specimens. Erethizon dorsatum and Chaetomys subspinosus were used as outgroups." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220380/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), while the latter shows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA400FFCCB04F3D4841EBF8A8" box="[292,454,1880,1904]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB04F3D48411AF8B7" box="[292,311,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB02F3D4841EBF8A8" box="[324,454,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA400FFCCB3473D484280F8A8" box="[556,685,1880,1904]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Chaetomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB3473D484212F8B7" box="[556,575,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB3263D494280F8A8" box="[589,685,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also with no nodal support. Specimens identified as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA400FFCCB4653D4845A2F8A8" box="[1294,1423,1880,1904]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Chaetomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB4653D4845A2F8A8" box="[1294,1423,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">C. spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” did not form a monophyletic group in the cyt-
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA400FFCCB3FF3D6C428FF84C" box="[660,674,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">b</emphasis>
|
||
tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA400FFCCB38B3D6C436FF84C" box="[736,834,1916,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1448,1471]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,184,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,173,1427]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bayesian inference tree based on cytochrome b sequences from Coendou species. Numbers above branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 and parsimony bootstrap support values ≥ 80 %. Numbers below branches indicate average pairwise genetic distances (Kimura 2 - parameter) among specimens. Erethizon dorsatum and Chaetomys subspinosus were used as outgroups." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220380/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), but this is not the focus of the present paper and will be discussed elsewhere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF626621A403FFCFB1FC3E8A43DDFB68" box="[151,1008,1178,1201]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220375/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1156]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A403FFCFB1FC3E8A43DDFB68" blockId="6.[151,1008,1178,1201]" box="[151,1008,1178,1201]" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB1FC3E8A4121FB68" bold="true" box="[151,268,1178,1201]" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. Live specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB0A43E8A42ABFB68" box="[463,646,1178,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB0A43E8A42ABFB68" box="[463,646,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in captivity (MN 72046, paratype).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A403FFCFB1AC3EC745ABFAEF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1239,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">
|
||
The average pairwise genetic distance of 7.7% between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB23D3EC843F4FB28" box="[854,985,1240,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB23D3EC843F4FB28" box="[854,985,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB57D3EC84491FB28" box="[1046,1212,1240,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB57D3EC84491FB28" box="[1046,1212,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 7.2% between them and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB0663EEC41BCFACC" box="[269,401,1276,1300]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Chaetomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB0663EEC41BCFACC" box="[269,401,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB0DC3EEC4266FACC" box="[439,587,1276,1300]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB0DC3EEC4266FACC" box="[439,587,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. insidiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA403FFCFB3353EEB42EFFACB" box="[606,706,1275,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1448,1471]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,184,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,173,1427]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bayesian inference tree based on cytochrome b sequences from Coendou species. Numbers above branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 and parsimony bootstrap support values ≥ 80 %. Numbers below branches indicate average pairwise genetic distances (Kimura 2 - parameter) among specimens. Erethizon dorsatum and Chaetomys subspinosus were used as outgroups." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220380/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) are consistent with other cyt-
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB5423EEC441AFACC" box="[1065,1079,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">b</emphasis>
|
||
divergences among species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB1FC3F3040D1FAE0" box="[151,252,1312,1336]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB1FC3F3040D1FAE0" box="[151,252,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">Coendou</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although smaller when compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB3C93F304314FAE0" box="[674,825,1312,1336]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Chaetomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB3C93F304314FAE0" box="[674,825,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. melanurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB2043F304427FAE0" box="[879,1034,1312,1336]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB2043F304427FAE0" box="[879,1034,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(10.2% and 11.9%, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A403FFCFB1AC3F53412EF971" blockId="6.[151,1437,1239,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB1AC3F53414BFA84" bold="true" box="[199,358,1347,1372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB0113F544266FA84" box="[378,587,1348,1372]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB0113F544266FA84" box="[378,587,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is overall similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB23A3F5443D7FA84" box="[849,1018,1348,1372]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB23A3F5443D7FA84" box="[849,1018,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there are clear morphological differences between them: the dorsal body quills are typically bicolored (white base, black tip) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB59C3F7645B6FAA5" box="[1271,1435,1381,1405]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB59C3F7645B6FAA5" box="[1271,1435,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and tricolored (yellow base, black middle, brownish red tip) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB2093F9743CEFA47" box="[866,995,1415,1439]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB2093F9743CEFA47" box="[866,995,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB5F23F974510FA46" box="[1177,1341,1414,1438]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB5F23F974510FA46" box="[1177,1341,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show at least some tricolored (white- or pale-brown-tipped) dorsal quills. Moreover, the mass effect is black speckled with white or pale brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB0F73FDA4212FA39" box="[412,575,1481,1505]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB0F73FDA4212FA39" box="[412,575,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but brownish red in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB2443FDA4382FA39" box="[815,943,1482,1505]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB2443FDA4382FA39" box="[815,943,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The tail is mostly covered with short black hairs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB19E3FFB41B6F9DA" box="[245,411,1514,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB19E3FFB41B6F9DA" box="[245,411,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with dark brown to reddish bristles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB2F83FFB4438F9DA" box="[915,1045,1515,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB2F83FFB4438F9DA" box="[915,1045,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The bulbous muzzle is relatively larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB1903C1C4156F9FC" box="[251,379,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB1903C1C4156F9FC" box="[251,379,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB0BE3C1C4252F9FC" box="[469,639,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB0BE3C1C4256F9FC" box="[469,635,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">C. nycthemera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
where it is only slightly swollen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB2913C1C44E8F9FC" box="[1018,1221,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB2913C1C44E8F9FC" box="[1018,1221,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has long mystacial vibrissae, some extending beyond the shoulder line, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB2583C3E43F5F99D" box="[819,984,1581,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB2583C3E43F5F99D" box="[819,984,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these hairs extend just beyond the ears. When compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB0103C5F420CF9BE" box="[379,545,1614,1638]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB0103C5F420CF9BE" box="[379,545,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new porcupine species is heavier, has longer body, longer nasals, longer zygomatic arch, longer infraorbital foramen, longer diastema, longer dentary, wider braincase and posterior palate (Table 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3076522A403FFC7B1AC3CA2454EFC84" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A403FFCFB1AC3CA24272F81E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1239,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB1AC3CA241B8F912" box="[199,405,1714,1738]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB1AC3CA241B8F912" box="[199,405,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is externally very distinct from
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB27B3CA34387F912" box="[784,938,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB27B3CA3438AF912" box="[784,935,1714,1738]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiosus">C. insidiosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
especially because the latter has bicolored dorsal quills (light yellow based and black tipped) that are almost completely hidden beneath longer and homogeneous pale or dark hairs. Some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB3823CEB4357F8CA" box="[745,890,1786,1810]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB3823CEB4357F8CA" box="[745,890,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. insidiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have tricolored dorsal quills, present only on the head and shoulders (Caldara Jr. & Leite 2012).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB3D93D0F431EF8EF" box="[690,819,1823,1847]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB3D93D0F431EF8EF" box="[690,819,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a longer body, tail, skull, and auditory bullae, and higher infraorbital foramen than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB3603D5342B1F882" box="[523,668,1858,1882]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB3603D5342B1F882" box="[523,668,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. insidiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB25D3D53439AF882" box="[822,951,1859,1882]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB25D3D53439AF882" box="[822,951,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a narrower anterior palate and smaller incisive foramina than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB0D83D774261F8A6" box="[435,588,1894,1918]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB0D83D774261F8A6" box="[435,588,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. insidiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table 4). The discriminant function analysis also supported species distinction based on cranial measurements, confirming that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB25F3D9B4399F87A" box="[820,948,1931,1954]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB25F3D9B4399F87A" box="[820,948,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphometrically different from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB4E93D9B412AF81E" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB4E93D9B412AF81E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. insidiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA403FFCFB0563DBF41CCF81E" box="[317,481,1966,1990]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA403FFCFB0563DBF41CCF81E" box="[317,481,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">C. nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A2CA403FFCFB0843DBE427CF81E" box="[495,593,1966,1990]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,346,1299]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,337,1308]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Bivariate plot of scores for two discriminant functions (DF 1 and DF 2) based on skull measurements of Coendou insidiosus (Cins), C. nycthemera (Cnyc), and C. speratus (Cspe)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220381/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="427">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF626621A402FFCEB1FC3D634131F871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220376/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="428" targetBox="[151,1435,195,1885]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A402FFCEB1FC3D634131F871" blockId="7.[151,1436,1907,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA402FFCEB1FC3D634139F851" bold="true" box="[151,276,1907,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="428">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in the dorsal pelage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA402FFCEB3053D64430AF852" box="[622,807,1908,1930]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA402FFCEB3053D64430AF852" box="[622,807,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="428">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A) holotype (MN 72045); B, C) two paratypes (MN 72046, UFES 1184).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF626621A40DFFC1B1FC3D134213F8E0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220377/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1773]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A40DFFC1B1FC3D134213F8E0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1795,1848]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40DFFC1B1FC3D13413FF8C0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1795,1818]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Skull of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40DFFC1B3643D1342EBF8C1" box="[527,710,1795,1817]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40DFFC1B3643D1342EBF8C1" box="[527,710,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A57C0A40DFFC1B3A73D144330F8C1" box="[716,797,1796,1817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40DFFC1B3A73D144330F8C1" bold="true" box="[716,797,1796,1817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MN 72045) in dorsal, lateral and ventral views (A, B, D), and dentary in lateral and dorsal views (C, E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF626621A40CFFC0B1FC3DA04167F83D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220378/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="430" targetBox="[327,1260,193,1946]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A40CFFC0B1FC3DA04167F83D" blockId="9.[151,1435,1968,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40CFFC0B1FC3DA0413FF81E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1968,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) surfaces of body and ventral surface of the prehensile tail (C) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40CFFC0B5C53DA04548F81E" box="[1198,1381,1968,1990]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40CFFC0B5C53DA04548F81E" box="[1198,1381,1968,1990]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MN 72046, paratype).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF626621A40FFFC3B1FC3FCC4179F9F7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220379/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A40FFFC3B1FC3FCC4179F9F7" blockId="10.[151,1436,1500,1583]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40FFFC3B1FC3FCC413FFA29" bold="true" box="[151,274,1500,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40FFFC3B0FD3FCC4260FA2A" box="[406,589,1500,1522]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40FFFC3B0FD3FCC4260FA2A" box="[406,589,1500,1522]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
quills. A, B) Mid-dorsal tricolor quills (UFPE 1708, MN 72045); C, D) Mid-dorsal bicolor quills (MN 72045, MN 72046); E, F) Bicolor quills from the rump (MN 72045, MN 72046); G) tricolor quills from the head (MN 72045).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF626621A40FFFC3B1FC3C9041E0F96D" ID-Table-UUID="DF626621A40FFFC3B1FC3C9041E0F96D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF626621A40FFFC3B1FC3C9041E0F96D" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" targetBox="[155,1420,1744,1976]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A40FFFC3B1FC3C9041E0F96D" blockId="10.[151,1436,1664,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40FFFC3B1FC3C904128F94D" bold="true" box="[151,261,1664,1685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Density (ind/km²) and biomass (kg/km²) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40FFFC3B3BB3C9043A4F94E" box="[720,905,1664,1686]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40FFFC3B3BB3C9043A4F94E" box="[720,905,1664,1686]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40FFFC3B2D73C914464F94E" box="[956,1097,1664,1686]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40FFFC3B2D73C914464F94E" box="[956,1097,1664,1686]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">C. prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in each forest fragment at Usina Trapiche, Pernambuco, Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A40FFFC3B2483CC14552F860" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<table id="F91DC409A40F0036B1F03CC045A1F860" box="[155,1420,1744,1976]" gridcols="4" gridrows="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA40F0036B1F03CC045A1F93E" box="[155,1420,1744,1766]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A40F0036B3C83CC044ACF93E" box="[675,1153,1744,1766]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Forest fragment (size)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA40F0036B1F03CEA45A1F8C8" box="[155,1420,1786,1808]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A40F0036B1F03CEA4147F8C8" box="[155,362,1786,1808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Species</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B0CB3CEA4246F8C8" box="[416,619,1786,1808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Boca da Mata</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B3C83CEA44ACF8C8" box="[675,1153,1786,1808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Xanguazinho Mata Tauá</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B5D23CEA45A1F8C8" box="[1209,1420,1786,1808]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Mata Xanguá</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA40F0036B1F03D3445A1F8E2" box="[155,1420,1828,1850]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B0CB3D344246F8E2" box="[416,619,1828,1850]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">(94 ha)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B3C83D3444ACF8E2" box="[675,1153,1828,1850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">(100 ha) (280 ha)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B5D23D3445A1F8E2" box="[1209,1420,1828,1850]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">(470 ha)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA40F0036B1F03D5E45A1F8BC" box="[155,1420,1870,1892]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B0CB3D5E4246F8BC" box="[416,619,1870,1892]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">density biomass</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B3C83D5E44ACF8BC" box="[675,1153,1870,1892]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">density biomass density biomass</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B5D23D5E45A1F8BC" box="[1209,1420,1870,1892]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">density biomass</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA40F0036B1F03D6845A1F856" box="[155,1420,1912,1934]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A40F0036B1F03D684147F856" box="[155,362,1912,1934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40FFFC3B1F03D68417EF856" box="[155,339,1912,1934]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40FFFC3B1F03D68417EF856" box="[155,339,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B0CB3D684246F856" box="[416,619,1912,1934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">4.98 6.73</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B3C83D6844ACF856" box="[675,1153,1912,1934]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">6.2 8.44 25 33.75</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B5D23D6845A1F856" box="[1209,1420,1912,1934]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">28.1 37.93</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352D34EBA40F0036B1F03DB245A1F860" box="[155,1420,1954,1976]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<th id="76FC5D97A40F0036B1F03DB24147F860" box="[155,362,1954,1976]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40FFFC3B1F03DB24147F860" box="[155,362,1954,1976]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40FFFC3B1F03DB24147F860" box="[155,362,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Coendou prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B0CB3DB24246F860" box="[416,619,1954,1976]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">6.83 31.57</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B3C83DB244ACF860" box="[675,1153,1954,1976]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">4.62 21.35 – –</td>
|
||
<td id="76FC5D97A40F0036B5D23DB245A1F860" box="[1209,1420,1954,1976]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">4.42 20.42</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF626621A409FFC5B1FC3FB842AEF9C2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220380/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" targetBox="[157,1422,184,1412]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A409FFC5B1FC3FB842AEF9C2" blockId="12.[151,1436,1448,1562]" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B1FC3FB8413DFA66" bold="true" box="[151,272,1448,1471]" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
|
||
. Bayesian inference tree based on cytochrome b sequences from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B2B83FB84402FA66" box="[979,1071,1448,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B2B83FB84402FA66" box="[979,1071,1448,1470]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">Coendou</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Numbers above branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 and parsimony bootstrap support values ≥ 80%. Numbers below branches indicate average pairwise genetic distances (Kimura 2-parameter) among specimens.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B5F73FF64546FA24" box="[1180,1387,1510,1532]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Erethizon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B5F73FF64546FA24" box="[1180,1387,1510,1532]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">Erethizon dorsatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B1FC3C1441AAF9C2" box="[151,391,1540,1562]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Chaetomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subspinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B1FC3C1441AAF9C2" box="[151,391,1540,1562]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">Chaetomys subspinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were used as outgroups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A409FFC5B1AC3C514258F8EA" blockId="12.[151,1436,1601,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">
|
||
Thomas (1902) described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B0983C524282F982" box="[499,687,1602,1626]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B0983C524282F982" box="[499,687,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">Coendou roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A409FFC5B20A3C514388F981" box="[865,933,1601,1625]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
as a spiny, short-haired species allied to
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B4E93C5240D3F9A6" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B4E93C5240D7F9A6" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Chaetomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">C. spinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but showing tricolored, orange-tipped spines, not hidden by a long clothing of fur, which therefore resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B0643C9A41BDF97A" box="[271,400,1674,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B0643C9A41BDF97A" box="[271,400,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, there are several differences among them, especially the bicolored spines on the rump partly hidden by hair in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B09F3CBE424EF91E" box="[500,611,1710,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B09F3CBE424EF91E" box="[500,611,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">C. roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B3873CBE4343F91E" box="[748,878,1710,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B3873CBE4343F91E" box="[748,878,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B5613CBE4457F91E" box="[1034,1146,1710,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B5613CBE4457F91E" box="[1034,1146,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">C. roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently considered a phenotypic variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B0FE3CC24237F932" box="[405,538,1746,1770]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Chaetomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B0FE3CC24237F932" box="[405,538,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">C. spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because they share several characters and there is clear intergradation among distinct phenotypes (Caldara Jr. & Leite 2012). Voss (2011) appropriately designated a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A6880BA409FFC5B50F3CE64490F8D6" box="[1124,1213,1782,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B5873CE64541F8D6" box="[1260,1388,1782,1806]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Chaetomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B5873CE64541F8D6" box="[1260,1388,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">C. spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B07C3D0A41A8F8EA" box="[279,389,1818,1842]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B07C3D0A41A8F8EA" box="[279,389,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">C. roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A409FFC4B1AC3D2E42EFFEC4" blockId="12.[151,1436,1601,2022]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="434" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B1AC3D2E423BF88E" bold="true" box="[199,534,1853,1878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">Natural history and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B34E3D2E42DFF88E" box="[549,754,1854,1878]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B34E3D2E42DFF88E" box="[549,754,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric with its larger congener
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B5C93D2E4510F88E" box="[1186,1341,1854,1878]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B5C93D2E4510F88E" box="[1186,1341,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">C. prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the former appears to prefer the lower forest strata.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B3B93D72438CF8A2" box="[722,929,1890,1914]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B3B93D72438CF8A2" box="[722,929,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dens in hollow trees and has a strong and characteristic pungent odor, which is much stronger than the odor of sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B57B3D964487F846" box="[1040,1194,1926,1950]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B57B3D964487F846" box="[1040,1194,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">C. prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Seven
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA409FFC5B46F3D9645A9F846" box="[1284,1412,1926,1950]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA409FFC5B46F3D9645A9F846" box="[1284,1412,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals were sighted in four forest fragments. The first sighting occurred at Boca da
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A409FFC5B5173DBA4495F819" box="[1148,1208,1962,1985]" name="Malta" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
, when an individual was spotted at 11:29 pm, resting on a 12 meter-high horizontal branch; the second was at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A409FFC5B5E13DDF44EEF83E" box="[1162,1219,1999,2022]" name="Malta" pageId="12" pageNumber="433">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Xanguazinho, also of a single individual resting at 10:27 pm, on a 10 meter-high branch; the third was at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A408FFC4B5F53A8844F5FF77" box="[1182,1240,152,175]" name="Malta" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Tauá, when two individuals were sighted at 00:20 am, resting together on a 20 meter-high branch; the fourth sighting was also at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A408FFC4B1FC3AF040FCFF2F" box="[151,209,224,247]" name="Malta" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Tauá, at 11:55 pm, at a 10 meter-high branch; the fifth and the six were at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A408FFC4B5673AF04468FF2F" box="[1036,1093,224,247]" name="Malta" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Xanguá, at 7:50 pm and 00:38 am, respectively, both on a 20 meter-high branch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF626621A408FFC4B1FC3F214307FABF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220381/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="434" targetBox="[154,1431,346,1299]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A408FFC4B1FC3F214307FABF" blockId="13.[151,1436,1329,1383]" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B1FC3F21413EFA9F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1329,1352]" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Bivariate plot of scores for two discriminant functions (DF1 and DF2) based on skull measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA408FFC4B42B3F21416EFABE" authority="Cins" authorityName="Cins" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B42B3F2145B1FA9F" box="[1344,1436,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">Coendou</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B1FC3F4040D1FABE" box="[151,252,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">insidiosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Cins)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA408FFC4B0253F41421DFABF" authority="(Cnyc)" authorityName="Cnyc" baseAuthorityName="Cnyc" box="[334,560,1360,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycthemera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B0253F4141CFFABE" box="[334,482,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">C. nycthemera</emphasis>
|
||
(Cnyc)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA408FFC4B30D3F41430BFABF" authority="(Cspe)" authorityName="Cspe" baseAuthorityName="Cspe" box="[614,806,1361,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B30D3F4142F7FABE" box="[614,730,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Cspe)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A408FFC4B1AC3F8342D4F987" blockId="13.[151,1437,1426,2029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA408FFC4B1AC3F8341BEFA73" box="[199,403,1427,1451]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B1AC3F8341BEFA73" box="[199,403,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be solitary, although two individuals were sighted together once, probably a male and a female, one of which vocalized at the observer’s presence. At all times when
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA408FFC4B5033FA844C6FA17" box="[1128,1259,1464,1487]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B5033FA844C6FA17" box="[1128,1259,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was sighted, it became either motionless or moved very slowly and then became motionless, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA408FFC4B5DB3FCB45B1FA2B" box="[1200,1436,1499,1523]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B5DB3FCB45B1FA2B" box="[1200,1436,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">Coendou prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
escaped quickly at all times.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA408FFC4B0803FEF4297F9CF" box="[491,698,1535,1559]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B0803FEF4297F9CF" box="[491,698,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was once sighted 3 meters from a collared anteater,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA408FFC4B44C3FEF418BF9E2" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" class="Mammalia" family="Myrmecophagidae" genus="Tamandua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetradactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B44C3FEF4133F9E3" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">Tamandua tetradactyla</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to locals, the new species feeds on the fruits of the exotic African oil palm
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA408FFC4B1FC3C5741B7F987" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[151,410,1607,1631]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Elaeis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="13" pageNumber="434" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B1FC3C574177F987" box="[151,346,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">Elaeis guineensis</emphasis>
|
||
Jacq.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(locally known as
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B3043C5742C4F987" box="[623,745,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">dendezeiro</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A408FFC4B1AC3C7A40CDF835" blockId="13.[151,1437,1426,2029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">
|
||
Previous long-term line transect surveys carried out between
|
||
<date id="FFA31069A408FFC4B2E73C7A4415F95A" box="[908,1080,1642,1666]" pageId="13" pageNumber="434" value="2000" valueMax="2008">
|
||
2000 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE59B4CA408FFC4B56B3C7A4415F95A" box="[1024,1080,1642,1666]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10032" pageId="13" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="2008.0">2008</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in the Pernambuco Endemism Center (Mendes Pontes
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA408FFC4B0CA3C8041FFF97F" box="[417,466,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="434">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005; Melo 2009; Mendes Pontes 2009; Gadelha 2009) detected the collapse of ~50% of the entire regional mammalian fauna and did not register the new species. Out of 38 medium- and large-sized mammal species formerly occurring in the study area, only 53.8% (n=21) were sighted or camera-trapped. According to them, no fragment hosted the entire remaining mammal community, and only four species (19%) occurred in very small fragments (≤10 ha, which sums ~70% of what remains); the mammalian community was highly simplified, with all large mammals being regionally extinct. There was no nestedness regarding area of the fragment or degree of isolation, which implied that the occurrence of a mammal species in a given forest patch varied unpredictably, and that in this ongoing process of mass extinction the 21st century medium-sized remaining mammalian fauna will soon be extinct if strict conservation measures are not implemented (Gadelha 2009; Melo 2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A40BFFC7B1AC3A874403FE2C" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">
|
||
The new subsequent line transect surveys that resulted in the discovery of this new species were carried out in the highly impacted 4,000 ha forest fragments at Usina Trapiche, between
|
||
<date id="FFA31069A40BFFC7B29F3AAC44B3FF0C" box="[1012,1182,188,212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" value="2008" valueMax="2011">2008 and 2011</date>
|
||
(Gadelha 2009; Melo 2009; Leite
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B0483AF1417AFF20" box="[291,343,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011; Freitas 2012), with a sample effort of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE59B4CA40BFFC7B2003ACF43FAFF2F" box="[875,983,223,247]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.025" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" unit="km" value="302.5">302.5 km</quantity>
|
||
walked (diurnal and nocturnal) in nine forest fragments, totaling 68 surveys in 610 h. Reinforcing our previous findings that in this region the species are expected to occur in the forest fragments in an unpredictable fashion, density and biomass derived from
|
||
<quantity id="4CE59B4CA40BFFC7B4433B374550FEE7" box="[1320,1405,295,319]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" unit="km" value="143.0">143 km</quantity>
|
||
of nocturnal surveys, revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40BFFC7B3663B5C42F6FEBC" box="[525,731,332,356]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B3663B5C42F6FEBC" box="[525,731,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had comparatively high local densities in the four fragments where it was encountered. In the largest fragment,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A40BFFC7B3A03B604328FE5F" box="[715,773,368,391]" name="Malta" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Xanguá (470 ha),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40BFFC7B2BF3B604479FE50" box="[980,1108,368,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B2BF3B604479FE50" box="[980,1108,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had the highest density (36.8 ind/km²), while in the smallest fragment, Boca da
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A40BFFC7B3BD3B854322FE74" box="[726,783,405,428]" name="Malta" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
(94 ha), it had the lowest (5 ind/km²).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40BFFC7B5A43B8445B1FE74" box="[1231,1436,404,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B5A43B8445B1FE74" box="[1231,1436,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">Coendou speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found syntopically with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40BFFC7B08F3BA842AFFE08" box="[484,642,440,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B08F3BA842AFFE08" box="[484,642,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">C. prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in all but one forest fragment,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A40BFFC7B2853BA84405FE17" box="[1006,1064,440,463]" name="Malta" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Tauá (280 ha), and the biomass contribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40BFFC7B02E3BCD41E9FE2C" box="[325,452,477,500]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B02E3BCD41E9FE2C" box="[325,452,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">C. speratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was always lower than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40BFFC7B24B3BCD4396FE2C" box="[800,955,476,500]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B24B3BCD4396FE2C" box="[800,955,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">C. prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69F0312A40BFFC7B2A23BCC440DFE2C" box="[969,1056,476,500]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,235,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[155,1420,1744,1976]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Density (ind / km ²) and biomass (kg / km ²) of Coendou speratus and C. prehensilis in each forest fragment at Usina Trapiche, Pernambuco, Brazil." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF626621A40FFFC3B1FC3C9041E0F96D" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" tableUuid="DF626621A40FFFC3B1FC3C9041E0F96D">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A40BFFC7B1AC3BEF4282FD5C" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B1AC3BEF422FFDC0" bold="true" box="[199,514,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">Conservation implications</emphasis>
|
||
. The discovery of this new species of small porcupine in this particular zone of endemism highlights the importance of this hotspot for the conservation of the earth’s biota. It also points to the lack of information on its mammalian fauna, and the need for surveys in order to understand their distribution and status throughout the region (Costa
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B34C387D4274FD5C" box="[551,601,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236A9A40BFFC7B1AC3880454EFC84" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A7639A40BFFC7B1AC38804137FD7F" box="[199,282,656,679]" name="Oman" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">Human</collectingCountry>
|
||
impact is extremely high in the region where we found this new porcupine (Melo 2009), resulting in the regional extinction of large mammals, such as jaguar (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40BFFC7B27538A443EEFD14" box="[798,963,692,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B27538A443EEFD14" box="[798,963,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">Panthera onca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Brazilian tapir (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40BFFC7B5E738A54560FD14" box="[1164,1357,693,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Tapiridae" genus="Tapirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="terrestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B5E738A54560FD14" box="[1164,1357,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">Tapirus terrestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), giant anteater (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40BFFC7B06B38C84209FD28" box="[256,548,728,752]" class="Mammalia" family="Myrmecophagidae" genus="Myrmecophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B06B38C84209FD28" box="[256,548,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">Myrmecophaga tridactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and white-lipped peccary (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40BFFC7B20C38C94423FD28" box="[871,1038,729,752]" class="Mammalia" family="Tayassuidae" genus="Tayassu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pecari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B20C38C94423FD28" box="[871,1038,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">Tayassu pecari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Mendes Pontes 2009). The threat level to other medium-size mammals, like the blond capuchin monkey
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D2AA40BFFC7B2D338ED44CCFCCC" authority="Schreber" authorityName="Schreber" box="[952,1249,764,788]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Sapajus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="14" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B2D338ED444EFCCC" box="[952,1123,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">Sapajus flavius</emphasis>
|
||
(Schreber)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mendes Pontes
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B1FC393140E7FCE0" box="[151,202,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006; Alfaro
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EABBA40BFFC7B01E39314182FCE0" box="[373,431,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="435">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012), is currently still very high. Thus, long-term research programs and conservation measures must be implemented to assure the survival of the remaining species and protection of these forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |