979 lines
161 KiB
XML
979 lines
161 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5230.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6e4cf207-8a9c-491f-9056-b2110b7b9746" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7554943" ID-ZooBank="D4803049-9F65-4885-943E-0B0A3A084677" checkinTime="1674200621790" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="SANKARAN, PRADEEP M. & CALEB, JOHN T. D." docDate="2023" docId="03B487A7F44CCE3A5DDBF9B2BCCAF897" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5230.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5230 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5230.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.10:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Hippasa , Simon 1885" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="FF8DFFDFF44DCE395D4CFFCDB956FFD4" masterDocTitle="Notes on Indian wolf spiders: II. Genus Hippasa Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosidae Hippasinae)" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1674231663762" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Notes on Indian wolf spiders: II. Genus Hippasa Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosidae Hippasinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>SANKARAN, PRADEEP M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>CALEB, JOHN T. D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-01-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5230</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>101</mods:start>
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<mods:end>152</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5230.2.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5230.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6e4cf207-8a9c-491f-9056-b2110b7b9746</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7554943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D4803049-9F65-4885-943E-0B0A3A084677</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7554945" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487A7F44CCE3A5DDBF9B2BCCAF897" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487A7F44CCE3A5DDBF9B2BCCAF897" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<subSubSection box="[151,413,1662,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,413,1662,1689]" box="[151,413,1662,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,413,1662,1689]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="62V6S" ID-ENA="330956" authority="Simon, 1885" authorityName=", Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,413,1662,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,413,1662,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,252,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Hippasa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[260,413,1662,1688]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref27478" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra- Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1885">Simon, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1436,1734,2013]" box="[151,266,1734,1760]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,266,1734,1760]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,1734,1760]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1436,1734,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,150,357]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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[Modified after
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Alderweireldt, M. & Jocque, R." box="[373,718,1770,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" pagination="45 - 68" refId="ref25533" refString="Alderweireldt, M. & Jocque, R. (2005) A taxonomic review of the Afrotropical representatives of the genus Hippasa (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Afrotropical Zoology, 2, 45 - 68." type="journal article" year="2005">Alderweireldt & Jocqué (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang, L. Y. & Li, Z. X. & Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S." box="[768,976,1770,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" pagination="231 - 244" refId="ref28050" refString="Wang, L. Y., Li, Z. X., Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S. (2015) Redescription of three Hippasa species from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with a proposed species group-division and diagnosis. Zootaxa, 3974 (2), 231 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3974.2.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis box="[837,892,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[1111,1206,1771,1796]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1111,1206,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Hippasa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other lycosid genera by the following combination of features: slender body with chevron-like markings on the dorsum of the opisthosoma (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[513,640,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,489,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-122@5.[164,1423,488,1898]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), syntype females.A–B female 1: A habitus, dorsal view; B same, ventral view. C–D female 2: C habitus, dorsal view; D same, ventral view. E labels from syntype bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–D, 1 mm. © MNHN, Paris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554949/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs 2A, C</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[652,687,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1406,183,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[178,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), syntype females.A, D female 1: A habitus, dorsal view; D same, ventral view. B, E female 2: B habitus, dorsal view; E same, ventral view. C, F female 3: C habitus, dorsal view; F same, ventral view. G labels from syntype bottle. Figures not to scale. © MSNG, Genova." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554953/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">3B</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation box="[699,735,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[248,1342,183,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[245,1342,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884) male, labeled as Diapontia agelenoides. A habitus, dorsal view. B same, dorsoretrolateral view. C–D left pedipalp of the same: C ventral view; D retrolateral view. E labels from the bottle. Figures not to scale. © MSNG, Genova." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554957/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">4A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[747,784,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,181,1321]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male (ADSH595032). A habitus, dorsal view. B same, ventral view. C same, retrolateral view. D same, frontal view. E prosoma showing endites, labium, sternum, ventral view. F spinnerets, ventral view. G–H left chelicera: G ventroretrolateral view showing teeth and stridulatory file; H prolateral view showing stridulatory file. I left tarsus IV showing reduced scopula, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, 2 mm; D–E, I, 1 mm; F, 0.5 mm; G–H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554963/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">5A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[796,833,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,345,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-103@9.[164,1423,345,1445]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), female (ADSH595032).A habitus, dorsal view. B same, ventral view. C same, retrolateral view. D same, frontal view. E prosoma showing endites, labium, sternum, ventral view. F spinnerets, ventral view. G–H left chelicera: G ventral view showing teeth; H retrolateral view showing stridulatory file. I left tarsus IV showing reduced scopula, prolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, 2 mm; D–E, 1 mm; F–I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554967/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">6A</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation box="[844,928,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,563,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-212@14.[151,1436,561,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hippasa deserticola Simon, 1889, types of Hippasa charamaensis Gajbe, 2004.A holotype female habitus, dorsal view. B allotype male habitus, dorsal view. C labels from type bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554979/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">10A–B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[940,991,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1491,1515]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,183,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-18@16.[151,1436,181,1468]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Hippasa deserticola Simon, 1889, types of Hippasa madhuae Tikader & Malhotra, 1980. A holotype female habitus (NZC-ZSI 4665/18), dorsal view. B allotype male habitus (NZC-ZSI 4666/18), dorsal view. C–D labels from type bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554985/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">12A</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1002,1053,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,741,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-259@19.[151,1437,741,1834]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Hippasa himalayensis Gravely, 1924, lectotype female (NZC-ZSI 2268/18). A habitus, dorsal view. B same, ventral view. C epigyne, ventral view. D vulva, dorsal view. E labels from type bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554991/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">14A</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1065,1115,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1460,1484]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1436]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasa loundesi Gravely, 1924, female (ADSH5950252). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D epigyne intact, ventral view; E same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; F vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E–F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555001/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">17A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[1127,1178,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,182,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[172,1415,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, male (ADSH595026). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D spinnerets, ventral view. E–H left pedipalp: E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H embolic division, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, E–G, 0.5 mm; D, 1 mm; H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555007/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">19A</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1190,1240,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,527,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-238@28.[158,1430,525,1922]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 22. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, allotype male of Hippasa mahabaleshwarensis Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 (NZC- ZSI 4651/18). A habitus, dorsal view. B–C left pedipalp: B ventral view; C retrolateral view. D label from the allotype tube. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B–C, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555019/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">22A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[1252,1338,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1705,1729]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-19@31.[151,1436,181,1681]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male (A–F) and female (G–L) (ADSH5950281). A, G habitus, dorsal view. B, H same, frontal view. C, I prosoma showing endites, labium, sternum, ventral view. D, J spinnerets, ventral view. E, K left chelicera, retrolateral view. F, L left tarsus IV showing reduced scopula, lateral view. Scale bars: A, G, 2 mm; B–C, F, H–I, 1 mm; D–E, J, L, 0.5 mm; K, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555025/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">24A, G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[1349,1431,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@36.[257,1330,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 27. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (A–D) (ADSH59502) and female (E–H) (ADSH59503). A, E habitus, dorsal view. B, F prosoma showing endites, labium, sternum, ventral view. C, G left chelicera, ventral view. D, H spinnerets, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, D–F, H, 2 mm; C, G, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">27A, E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[151,202,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,449,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-109@43.[170,1417,448,1947]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 33. Hippasa hansae Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999, holotype female (NZC-ZSI). A habitus, dorsal view. B same, ventral view. C tissue from the epigynal area, dorsal view. D label from type bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555047/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">33A</figureCitation>
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,
|
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<figureCitation box="[215,266,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,1121,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-369@44.[170,1417,1121,1920]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 34. Hippasa wigglesworthi Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999, holotype female (NZC-ZSI).A habitus, dorsal view. B opisthosoma, ventral view. C piece of tegument over the epigynal area, dorsal view. D label from type bottle. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B–C, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555051/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">34A</figureCitation>
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), sternum usually with a mid-longitudinal black band (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[888,983,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,489,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-122@5.[164,1423,488,1898]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), syntype females.A–B female 1: A habitus, dorsal view; B same, ventral view. C–D female 2: C habitus, dorsal view; D same, ventral view. E labels from syntype bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–D, 1 mm. © MNHN, Paris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554949/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
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,
|
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<figureCitation box="[996,1064,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1406,183,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[178,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), syntype females.A, D female 1: A habitus, dorsal view; D same, ventral view. B, E female 2: B habitus, dorsal view; E same, ventral view. C, F female 3: C habitus, dorsal view; F same, ventral view. G labels from syntype bottle. Figures not to scale. © MSNG, Genova." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554953/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">3D–E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[1076,1110,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,181,1321]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male (ADSH595032). A habitus, dorsal view. B same, ventral view. C same, retrolateral view. D same, frontal view. E prosoma showing endites, labium, sternum, ventral view. F spinnerets, ventral view. G–H left chelicera: G ventroretrolateral view showing teeth and stridulatory file; H prolateral view showing stridulatory file. I left tarsus IV showing reduced scopula, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, 2 mm; D–E, I, 1 mm; F, 0.5 mm; G–H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554963/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">5E</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1122,1156,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,345,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-103@9.[164,1423,345,1445]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), female (ADSH595032).A habitus, dorsal view. B same, ventral view. C same, retrolateral view. D same, frontal view. E prosoma showing endites, labium, sternum, ventral view. F spinnerets, ventral view. G–H left chelicera: G ventral view showing teeth; H retrolateral view showing stridulatory file. I left tarsus IV showing reduced scopula, prolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, 2 mm; D–E, 1 mm; F–I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554967/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1169,1218,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1460,1484]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1436]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasa loundesi Gravely, 1924, female (ADSH5950252). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D epigyne intact, ventral view; E same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; F vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E–F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555001/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">17B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1230,1280,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,182,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[172,1415,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, male (ADSH595026). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D spinnerets, ventral view. E–H left pedipalp: E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H embolic division, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, E–G, 0.5 mm; D, 1 mm; H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555007/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">19B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1292,1342,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,382,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-93@26.[151,1436,381,1770]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 20. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, female (ADSH595026). A habitus, dorsoretrolateral view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D spinnerets, ventral view. E intact epigyne, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C–D, 1 mm; E–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555013/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">20B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1354,1432,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@36.[257,1330,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 27. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (A–D) (ADSH59502) and female (E–H) (ADSH59503). A, E habitus, dorsal view. B, F prosoma showing endites, labium, sternum, ventral view. C, G left chelicera, ventral view. D, H spinnerets, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, D–F, H, 2 mm; C, G, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">27B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[151,202,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-18@40.[151,1436,181,1854]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 30. Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993, female (ADSH595035). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma, dorsal view. C prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. D left chelicera, ventroretrolateral view. E spinnerets, ventral view. F intact epigyne, ventral view; G same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; H vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, E, 0.5 mm; C, 1 mm; D, F–H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555041/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">30C</figureCitation>
|
||
), bi-segmented posterior spinnerets with elongated basal segments (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[969,1062,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,489,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-122@5.[164,1423,488,1898]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), syntype females.A–B female 1: A habitus, dorsal view; B same, ventral view. C–D female 2: C habitus, dorsal view; D same, ventral view. E labels from syntype bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–D, 1 mm. © MNHN, Paris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554949/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1074,1109,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1406,183,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[178,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), syntype females.A, D female 1: A habitus, dorsal view; D same, ventral view. B, E female 2: B habitus, dorsal view; E same, ventral view. C, F female 3: C habitus, dorsal view; F same, ventral view. G labels from syntype bottle. Figures not to scale. © MSNG, Genova." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554953/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1122,1158,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[248,1342,183,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[245,1342,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884) male, labeled as Diapontia agelenoides. A habitus, dorsal view. B same, dorsoretrolateral view. C–D left pedipalp of the same: C ventral view; D retrolateral view. E labels from the bottle. Figures not to scale. © MSNG, Genova." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554957/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1171,1201,1914,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,181,1321]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male (ADSH595032). A habitus, dorsal view. B same, ventral view. C same, retrolateral view. D same, frontal view. E prosoma showing endites, labium, sternum, ventral view. F spinnerets, ventral view. G–H left chelicera: G ventroretrolateral view showing teeth and stridulatory file; H prolateral view showing stridulatory file. I left tarsus IV showing reduced scopula, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, 2 mm; D–E, I, 1 mm; F, 0.5 mm; G–H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554963/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">5F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1213,1243,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,345,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-103@9.[164,1423,345,1445]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), female (ADSH595032).A habitus, dorsal view. B same, ventral view. C same, retrolateral view. D same, frontal view. E prosoma showing endites, labium, sternum, ventral view. F spinnerets, ventral view. G–H left chelicera: G ventral view showing teeth; H retrolateral view showing stridulatory file. I left tarsus IV showing reduced scopula, prolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, 2 mm; D–E, 1 mm; F–I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554967/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1255,1305,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,182,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[172,1415,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, male (ADSH595026). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D spinnerets, ventral view. E–H left pedipalp: E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H embolic division, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, E–G, 0.5 mm; D, 1 mm; H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555007/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">19D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1318,1369,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,382,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-93@26.[151,1436,381,1770]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 20. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, female (ADSH595026). A habitus, dorsoretrolateral view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D spinnerets, ventral view. E intact epigyne, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C–D, 1 mm; E–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555013/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">20D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1705,1729]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-19@31.[151,1436,181,1681]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male (A–F) and female (G–L) (ADSH5950281). A, G habitus, dorsal view. B, H same, frontal view. C, I prosoma showing endites, labium, sternum, ventral view. D, J spinnerets, ventral view. E, K left chelicera, retrolateral view. F, L left tarsus IV showing reduced scopula, lateral view. Scale bars: A, G, 2 mm; B–C, F, H–I, 1 mm; D–E, J, L, 0.5 mm; K, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555025/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">24D, J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[179,267,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@36.[257,1330,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 27. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (A–D) (ADSH59502) and female (E–H) (ADSH59503). A, E habitus, dorsal view. B, F prosoma showing endites, labium, sternum, ventral view. C, G left chelicera, ventral view. D, H spinnerets, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, D–F, H, 2 mm; C, G, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">27D, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[281,330,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-18@40.[151,1436,181,1854]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 30. Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993, female (ADSH595035). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma, dorsal view. C prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. D left chelicera, ventroretrolateral view. E spinnerets, ventral view. F intact epigyne, ventral view; G same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; H vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, E, 0.5 mm; C, 1 mm; D, F–H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555041/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">30E</figureCitation>
|
||
), male pedipalp with hooked synembolus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[827,923,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,151,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[151,1436,151,1861]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male and female genitalia (ADSH595032). A–D male left pedipalp: A prolateral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view; D embolic division, ventral view. E–G female genitalia: E epigyne intact, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554969/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[938,973,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,248,1252,1276]" captionTargetBox="[155,1427,193,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1229]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male and female genitalia (ADSH595032). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations:AGaccessory gland;AT anteriorarmof tegularapophysis; Cconductor;E embolus; EBembolic base; FDfertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554973/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[988,1039,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,182,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[172,1415,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, male (ADSH595026). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D spinnerets, ventral view. E–H left pedipalp: E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H embolic division, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, E–G, 0.5 mm; D, 1 mm; H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555007/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">19H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1053,1102,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-19@27.[158,1430,181,1519]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 21. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, male and female genitalia (ADSH595026). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view; F same without left spermatheca showing accessory gland, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555015/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">21C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1116,1168,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,183,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-18@32.[194,1394,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male and female genitalia (ADSH5950281). A–C male left pedipalp, D male right pedipalp: A prolateral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view; D embolic division, ventral view. E–G female genitalia: E intact epigyne, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, 0.5 mm; D–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555027/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">25D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1181,1230,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,607,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-202@33.[151,1435,597,1732]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male and female genitalia (ADSH5950281). A–B male left pedipalp, C male right pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MS membranous sheath; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555031/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1245,1295,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,182,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@37.[189,1399,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 28. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (ADSH59502) and female (ADSH59503) genitalia. A–D male left pedipalp: A prolateral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view; D embolic division, ventral view. E–G female genitalia: E intact epigyne, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, E–G, 0.5 mm; D, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">28D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1310,1361,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1257,1281]" captionTargetBox="[167,1429,251,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-18@38.[151,1436,181,1233]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 29. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (ADSH59502) and female (ADSH59503) genitalia. A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove. Scale bars: A–B, D–E, 0.5 mm; C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">29C</figureCitation>
|
||
), bifid tegular apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[368,463,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,248,1252,1276]" captionTargetBox="[155,1427,193,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1229]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male and female genitalia (ADSH595032). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations:AGaccessory gland;AT anteriorarmof tegularapophysis; Cconductor;E embolus; EBembolic base; FDfertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554973/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[478,561,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-19@27.[158,1430,181,1519]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 21. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, male and female genitalia (ADSH595026). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view; F same without left spermatheca showing accessory gland, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555015/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">21A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[575,626,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,607,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-202@33.[151,1435,597,1732]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male and female genitalia (ADSH5950281). A–B male left pedipalp, C male right pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MS membranous sheath; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555031/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">26A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[640,692,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1257,1281]" captionTargetBox="[167,1429,251,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-18@38.[151,1436,181,1233]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 29. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (ADSH59502) and female (ADSH59503) genitalia. A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove. Scale bars: A–B, D–E, 0.5 mm; C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">29A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and slender embolus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[966,1062,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,151,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[151,1436,151,1861]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male and female genitalia (ADSH595032). A–D male left pedipalp: A prolateral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view; D embolic division, ventral view. E–G female genitalia: E epigyne intact, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554969/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1076,1111,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,248,1252,1276]" captionTargetBox="[155,1427,193,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1229]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male and female genitalia (ADSH595032). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations:AGaccessory gland;AT anteriorarmof tegularapophysis; Cconductor;E embolus; EBembolic base; FDfertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554973/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1125,1176,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,182,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[172,1415,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, male (ADSH595026). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D spinnerets, ventral view. E–H left pedipalp: E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H embolic division, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, E–G, 0.5 mm; D, 1 mm; H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555007/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">19H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1190,1239,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-19@27.[158,1430,181,1519]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 21. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, male and female genitalia (ADSH595026). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view; F same without left spermatheca showing accessory gland, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555015/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">21C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1253,1304,1986,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,183,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-18@32.[194,1394,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male and female genitalia (ADSH5950281). A–C male left pedipalp, D male right pedipalp: A prolateral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view; D embolic division, ventral view. E–G female genitalia: E intact epigyne, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, 0.5 mm; D–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555027/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">25D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1318,1367,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,607,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-202@33.[151,1435,597,1732]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male and female genitalia (ADSH5950281). A–B male left pedipalp, C male right pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MS membranous sheath; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555031/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">26C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1381,1431,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,182,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@37.[189,1399,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 28. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (ADSH59502) and female (ADSH59503) genitalia. A–D male left pedipalp: A prolateral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view; D embolic division, ventral view. E–G female genitalia: E intact epigyne, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, E–G, 0.5 mm; D, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">28D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[151,202,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1257,1281]" captionTargetBox="[167,1429,251,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-18@38.[151,1436,181,1233]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 29. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (ADSH59502) and female (ADSH59503) genitalia. A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove. Scale bars: A–B, D–E, 0.5 mm; C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555039/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">29C</figureCitation>
|
||
), epigyne thickly covered with bushy setae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[702,793,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,151,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[151,1436,151,1861]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male and female genitalia (ADSH595032). A–D male left pedipalp: A prolateral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view; D embolic division, ventral view. E–G female genitalia: E epigyne intact, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554969/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[805,854,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,741,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-259@19.[151,1437,741,1834]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Hippasa himalayensis Gravely, 1924, lectotype female (NZC-ZSI 2268/18). A habitus, dorsal view. B same, ventral view. C epigyne, ventral view. D vulva, dorsal view. E labels from type bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">14C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[867,917,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1460,1484]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1436]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasa loundesi Gravely, 1924, female (ADSH5950252). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D epigyne intact, ventral view; E same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; F vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E–F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555001/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">17D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[929,977,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,382,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-93@26.[151,1436,381,1770]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 20. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, female (ADSH595026). A habitus, dorsoretrolateral view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D spinnerets, ventral view. E intact epigyne, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C–D, 1 mm; E–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555013/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">20E</figureCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[989,1037,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,183,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-18@32.[194,1394,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male and female genitalia (ADSH5950281). A–C male left pedipalp, D male right pedipalp: A prolateral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view; D embolic division, ventral view. E–G female genitalia: E intact epigyne, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, 0.5 mm; D–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">25E</figureCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1049,1097,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,182,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@37.[189,1399,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 28. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (ADSH59502) and female (ADSH59503) genitalia. A–D male left pedipalp: A prolateral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view; D embolic division, ventral view. E–G female genitalia: E intact epigyne, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, E–G, 0.5 mm; D, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555037/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">28E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[1108,1155,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-18@40.[151,1436,181,1854]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 30. Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993, female (ADSH595035). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma, dorsal view. C prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. D left chelicera, ventroretrolateral view. E spinnerets, ventral view. F intact epigyne, ventral view; G same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; H vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, E, 0.5 mm; C, 1 mm; D, F–H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555041/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">30F</figureCitation>
|
||
), epigyne composed of a median and paired lateral plates, with or without posterior scape or median atrium leading to internal hood (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,151,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[151,1436,151,1861]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male and female genitalia (ADSH595032). A–D male left pedipalp: A prolateral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view; D embolic division, ventral view. E–G female genitalia: E epigyne intact, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554969/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 7F–G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[231,300,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,248,1252,1276]" captionTargetBox="[155,1427,193,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1229]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male and female genitalia (ADSH595032). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations:AGaccessory gland;AT anteriorarmof tegularapophysis; Cconductor;E embolus; EBembolic base; FDfertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554973/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">8D–E</figureCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[313,394,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,183,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[184,1403,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hippasa deserticola Simon, 1889, genitalia of types of Hippasa charamaensis Gajbe, 2004.A–C left pedipalp of allotype male: A prolateroventral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view. D–G holotype female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E same, oblique ventral view; F vulva, dorsal view; G same, oblique dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, 0.5 mm; D–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554983/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">11D–E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[407,491,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,527,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-182@17.[151,1436,525,1825]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Hippasa deserticola Simon, 1889, genitalia of types of Hippasa madhuae Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 (NZC-ZSI 4665/18 and 4666/18). A–B left pedipalp of allotype male: A prolateroventral view; B ventral view. C–D holotype female genitalia: C epigyne, oblique ventral view; D vulva, oblique dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–D, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554989/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">13C–D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[504,553,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,741,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-259@19.[151,1437,741,1834]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Hippasa himalayensis Gravely, 1924, lectotype female (NZC-ZSI 2268/18). A habitus, dorsal view. B same, ventral view. C epigyne, ventral view. D vulva, dorsal view. E labels from type bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">14C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[567,651,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,1018,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-301@20.[151,1437,1018,1894]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hippasa holmerae Thorell, 1895, genitalia of a topotype female specimen deposited in ZSI (NZC-ZSI 2393/17). A epigyne, ventral view. B vulva, dorsal view. C labels from the bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554995/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">15A–B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[664,711,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1460,1484]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1436]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasa loundesi Gravely, 1924, female (ADSH5950252). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D epigyne intact, ventral view; E same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; F vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E–F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555001/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">17E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[726,809,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[157,1427,1586,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-80@23.[151,1436,1580,1917]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hippasa loundesi Gravely, 1924, genitalia of female (ADSH5950252). A epigyne, ventral view. B vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; S spermatheca; SS spermathecal stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555005/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">18A–B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[823,904,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,382,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-93@26.[151,1436,381,1770]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 20. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, female (ADSH595026). A habitus, dorsoretrolateral view. B prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. C left chelicera, ventral view. D spinnerets, ventral view. E intact epigyne, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C–D, 1 mm; E–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555013/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">20F–G</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[917,995,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-19@27.[158,1430,181,1519]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 21. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, male and female genitalia (ADSH595026). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view; F same without left spermatheca showing accessory gland, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555015/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">21D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1009,1053,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,183,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-18@32.[194,1394,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male and female genitalia (ADSH5950281). A–C male left pedipalp, D male right pedipalp: A prolateral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view; D embolic division, ventral view. E–G female genitalia: E intact epigyne, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, 0.5 mm; D–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">25F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1066,1149,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,607,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-202@33.[151,1435,597,1732]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male and female genitalia (ADSH5950281). A–B male left pedipalp, C male right pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MS membranous sheath; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555031/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">26D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1162,1206,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,182,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@37.[189,1399,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 28. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (ADSH59502) and female (ADSH59503) genitalia. A–D male left pedipalp: A prolateral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view; D embolic division, ventral view. E–G female genitalia: E intact epigyne, ventral view; F same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; G vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, E–G, 0.5 mm; D, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555037/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">28F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1219,1303,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1257,1281]" captionTargetBox="[167,1429,251,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-18@38.[151,1436,181,1233]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 29. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (ADSH59502) and female (ADSH59503) genitalia. A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove. Scale bars: A–B, D–E, 0.5 mm; C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555039/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">29D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and vulva with or without accessory glands, and slender and slightly to strongly curved spermathecal stalks bearing small spermathecal heads (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[386,477,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,248,1252,1276]" captionTargetBox="[155,1427,193,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1229]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male and female genitalia (ADSH595032). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations:AGaccessory gland;AT anteriorarmof tegularapophysis; Cconductor;E embolus; EBembolic base; FDfertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554973/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[490,540,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,741,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-259@19.[151,1437,741,1834]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Hippasa himalayensis Gravely, 1924, lectotype female (NZC-ZSI 2268/18). A habitus, dorsal view. B same, ventral view. C epigyne, ventral view. D vulva, dorsal view. E labels from type bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">14D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[553,601,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[157,1427,1586,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-80@23.[151,1436,1580,1917]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hippasa loundesi Gravely, 1924, genitalia of female (ADSH5950252). A epigyne, ventral view. B vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; S spermatheca; SS spermathecal stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555005/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">18B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[614,658,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-19@27.[158,1430,181,1519]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 21. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, male and female genitalia (ADSH595026). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view; F same without left spermatheca showing accessory gland, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555015/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">21F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[670,718,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,607,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-202@33.[151,1435,597,1732]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male and female genitalia (ADSH5950281). A–B male left pedipalp, C male right pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MS membranous sheath; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555031/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">26E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[730,777,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1257,1281]" captionTargetBox="[167,1429,251,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-18@38.[151,1436,181,1233]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 29. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (ADSH59502) and female (ADSH59503) genitalia. A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove. Scale bars: A–B, D–E, 0.5 mm; C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555039/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">29E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[790,840,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="41.[151,250,482,506]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,194,450]" captionTargetId="figure-19@41.[152,1435,181,458]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 31. Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993, genitalia of female (ADSH595035). A epigyne, ventral view. B vulva, dorsal view.Abbreviations:AG accessory gland; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; S spermatheca; SS spermathecal stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555043/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">31B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[985,1169,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis box="[985,1080,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Hippasa</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be identified in the field by their behaviour of spinning funnel-like webs (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[758,880,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,182,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[183,1405,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Field photographs of Hippasa spp. and their webs. A–B, F Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884): A male; B female; F web. C–D, H Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924: C male; D female; H web. E Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, female. G web of Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900. Figures not to scale. Photo credits: A, F–G Pradeep M. Sankaran, B–D, H John T. D. Caleb, E, Jimmy Paul." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554947/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Fig. 1E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,402,2013]" box="[151,1196,402,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,306,402,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[151,210,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Simon, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[313,720,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[313,549,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Hippasa agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[564,712,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="325 - 372" refId="ref27431" refString="Simon, E. (1884) Arachnides recueillis en Birmanie par M. le chevalier J. B. Comotto et appartenant au Musee civique d'histoire naturelle de Genes. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 20, 325 - 372." type="journal article" year="1884">Simon, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by subsequent designation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[1042,1184,402,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref27478" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra- Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1885">Simon 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,402,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The type species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[557,652,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[557,652,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Hippasa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[668,839,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[668,688,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,839,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[856,999,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="193 - 380" refId="ref27652" refString="Simon, E. (1898) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme Edition. Tome Second. Roret, Paris, pp. 193 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book chapter" year="1898">Simon 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alderweireldt, M. & Jocque, R." box="[1011,1353,438,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="45 - 68" refId="ref25533" refString="Alderweireldt, M. & Jocque, R. (2005) A taxonomic review of the Afrotropical representatives of the genus Hippasa (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Afrotropical Zoology, 2, 45 - 68." type="journal article" year="2005">Alderweireldt & Jocqué 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="World Spider Catalog" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" refId="ref28211" refString="World Spider Catalog (2022) World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 26 November 2022) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2" type="book" year="2022">World Spider Catalog 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was originally described under
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sundevall, 1833" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" box="[734,990,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Pirata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[734,806,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Pirata</emphasis>
|
||
Sundevall, 1833
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1097,1252,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="immature">five immature</specimenCount>
|
||
female
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1338,1436,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
collected in Minhla, southern-central
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[579,688,511,537]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[704,847,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="325 - 372" refId="ref27431" refString="Simon, E. (1884) Arachnides recueillis en Birmanie par M. le chevalier J. B. Comotto et appartenant au Musee civique d'histoire naturelle de Genes. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 20, 325 - 372." type="journal article" year="1884">Simon 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The details of the type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1267,1436,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1267,1287,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1302,1436,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alderweireldt, M. & Jocque, R." box="[293,647,546,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="45 - 68" refId="ref25533" refString="Alderweireldt, M. & Jocque, R. (2005) A taxonomic review of the Afrotropical representatives of the genus Hippasa (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Afrotropical Zoology, 2, 45 - 68." type="journal article" year="2005">Alderweireldt & Jocqué (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
seem to be wrong. According to them, the types of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1237,1407,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1237,1257,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1273,1407,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the MNHN collection consist of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[515,638,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[692,836,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="subadult">two subadult</specimenCount>
|
||
males that were collected from the North Guzerath in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,262,619,645]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[271,348,619,645]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The locality ‘North Guzerath’ is not in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[800,911,619,645]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but it indicates the northern part of the Indian State of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[249,333,655,681]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[451,593,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="252 - 262" refId="ref27595" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologique de l'Asie meridionale. V. Arachnides recueillis a Dehra-Dun (N. W. Prov.) et dans le Dekkan par M. A. Smythies. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 252 - 262." type="journal article" year="1897">Simon 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is worth mentioning that even though
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alderweireldt, M. & Jocque, R." box="[1079,1436,654,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="45 - 68" refId="ref25533" refString="Alderweireldt, M. & Jocque, R. (2005) A taxonomic review of the Afrotropical representatives of the genus Hippasa (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Afrotropical Zoology, 2, 45 - 68." type="journal article" year="2005">Alderweireldt & Jocqué (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined an adult female of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[491,662,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[491,511,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[528,662,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Simon’s collection, they never illustrate its genitalia, and the epigyne of the type of this species is known only from textual description. Of the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1063,1220,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="immature">five immature</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1227,1328,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, three are currently deposited in MSNG, Genova (M. Tavano, pers. comm.,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[874,997,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1406,183,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[178,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), syntype females.A, D female 1: A habitus, dorsal view; D same, ventral view. B, E female 2: B habitus, dorsal view; E same, ventral view. C, F female 3: C habitus, dorsal view; F same, ventral view. G labels from syntype bottle. Figures not to scale. © MSNG, Genova." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554953/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Fig. 3A–G</figureCitation>
|
||
), while the remaining two are deposited in MNHN, Paris (E. Leguin, pers. comm.,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[622,740,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,489,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-122@5.[164,1423,488,1898]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), syntype females.A–B female 1: A habitus, dorsal view; B same, ventral view. C–D female 2: C habitus, dorsal view; D same, ventral view. E labels from syntype bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–D, 1 mm. © MNHN, Paris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554949/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Fig. 2A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
) (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S." box="[856,1145,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="248 - 447" refId="ref28018" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1980) Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India, Araneae, 1, 248 - 447." type="journal article" year="1980">Tikader & Malhotra 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While erecting
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Simon (1885)" authorityName=", Simon" authorityYear="1885" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1334,1429,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Hippasa</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[151,306,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref27478" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra- Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1885">Simon (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
transferred
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Blackwall, 1867" authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[443,847,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[443,656,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Lycosa greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwall, J." box="[663,847,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="387 - 394" refId="ref25936" refString="Blackwall, J. (1867) Descriptions of several species of East Indian spiders, apparently to be new or little known to arachnologists. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19, 387 - 394." type="journal article" year="1867">Blackwall, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[884,979,835,860]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[884,979,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Hippasa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was also described based on
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="immature">two immature</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwall, J." box="[395,577,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="387 - 394" refId="ref25936" refString="Blackwall, J. (1867) Descriptions of several species of East Indian spiders, apparently to be new or little known to arachnologists. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19, 387 - 394." type="journal article" year="1867">Blackwall 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and put it as its generotype. In his paper,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[1050,1204,870,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref27478" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra- Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1885">Simon (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned the name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,311,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,311,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in block letters, which indicates that this name is valid and has priority over
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1147,1307,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1147,1307,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">P. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was presented in small letters under the former one. Similar way of presentation of synonymies can also be seen in the case of other species mentioned in the same paper (for example, see
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Dufour, 1820" authorityName="Dufour" authorityYear="1820" box="[912,1309,979,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Palpimanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbulus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[912,1149,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Palpimanus gibbulus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dufour, L." box="[1156,1309,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="355 - 366" refId="ref26276" refString="Dufour, L. (1820) Description de six arachnides nouvelles. Annales Generales des Sciences Physiques, 4, 355 - 366." type="journal article" year="1820">Dufour, 1820</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, in a later publication (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[399,541,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="193 - 380" refId="ref27652" refString="Simon, E. (1898) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme Edition. Tome Second. Roret, Paris, pp. 193 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book chapter" year="1898">Simon 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), he mentioned that
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[771,939,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[771,939,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the type species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[1215,1310,1015,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1215,1310,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Hippasa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, indicating that Simon recognised
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[413,583,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[413,583,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be valid and thus separated it from the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[1226,1388,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1226,1388,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He also mentioned that
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[377,546,1087,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[377,546,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[741,801,1087,1113]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Indochina and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[979,1085,1087,1113]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,402,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Though
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[292,445,1122,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref27478" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra- Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1885">Simon (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[586,745,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[586,745,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is apparent that his redescription was based not on topotype material, but instead on specimens collected in Kollegal (=Collegall, formerly part of Coimbatore District of
|
||
<collectingRegion country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Tamil Nadu State</collectingRegion>
|
||
; presently part of Chamarajanagara District of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[810,992,1195,1221]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Karnataka State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1108,1167,1195,1221]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and Ramanathapuram/ Ramnad in the southern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[424,558,1231,1257]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Indian State</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[594,730,1231,1257]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
. These collecting localities are more than 2,200 Km away from the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[373,534,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[373,534,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is located somewhere in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1010,1068,1267,1293]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(either in Agra, Meerut, or New
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[151,213,1303,1329]" country="India" name="Delhi" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Delhi</collectingRegion>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[222,284,1303,1329]" country="India" name="Delhi" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Delhi</collectingRegion>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwall, J." box="[320,499,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="387 - 394" refId="ref25936" refString="Blackwall, J. (1867) Descriptions of several species of East Indian spiders, apparently to be new or little known to arachnologists. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19, 387 - 394." type="journal article" year="1867">Blackwall 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thorell, T." box="[511,661,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="5 - 417" refId="ref27838" refString="Thorell, T. (1887) Viaggio di L. Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. II. Primo saggio sui ragni birmani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 25, 5 - 417." type="journal article" year="1887">Thorell 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S." box="[680,988,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="248 - 447" refId="ref28018" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1980) Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India, Araneae, 1, 248 - 447." type="journal article" year="1980">Tikader & Malhotra (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erroneously located the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,312,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,312,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[346,480,1339,1365]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
, which was the collecting locality of specimens described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[1165,1324,1338,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref27478" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra- Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1885">Simon (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Since the types of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[246,407,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[246,407,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are immatures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwall, J." box="[585,767,1375,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="387 - 394" refId="ref25936" refString="Blackwall, J. (1867) Descriptions of several species of East Indian spiders, apparently to be new or little known to arachnologists. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19, 387 - 394." type="journal article" year="1867">Blackwall 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Simon’s identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[1069,1229,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1069,1229,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S." pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="248 - 447" refId="ref28018" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1980) Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India, Araneae, 1, 248 - 447." type="journal article" year="1980">Tikader & Malhotra’s (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redescription based on Simon’s material may be wrong. The illustrations done by the latter authors seem similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1899" box="[412,570,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[412,432,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[447,570,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">pantherina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S." box="[690,984,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="248 - 447" refId="ref28018" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1980) Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India, Araneae, 1, 248 - 447." type="journal article" year="1980">Tikader & Malhotra 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 73–74 to
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1152,1253,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-18@40.[151,1436,181,1854]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 30. Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993, female (ADSH595035). A habitus, dorsal view. B prosoma, dorsal view. C prosoma showing sternum, ventral view. D left chelicera, ventroretrolateral view. E spinnerets, ventral view. F intact epigyne, ventral view; G same, after clearing in KOH and removing bushy setae, ventral view; H vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, E, 0.5 mm; C, 1 mm; D, F–H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555041/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 30F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1264,1348,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="41.[151,250,482,506]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,194,450]" captionTargetId="figure-19@41.[152,1435,181,458]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 31. Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993, genitalia of female (ADSH595035). A epigyne, ventral view. B vulva, dorsal view.Abbreviations:AG accessory gland; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; S spermatheca; SS spermathecal stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555043/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">31D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
), which was synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[414,575,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[414,434,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[448,575,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the same authors. This is also applicable to the subsequent redescriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[183,344,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[183,344,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were probably based on the description and illustrations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[1108,1264,1518,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref27478" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra- Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1885">Simon (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S." pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="248 - 447" refId="ref28018" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1980) Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India, Araneae, 1, 248 - 447." type="journal article" year="1980">Tikader & Malhotra (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Karsch, F." box="[354,503,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="267 - 310" refId="ref26704" refString="Karsch, F. (1892) Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 36, 267 - 310." type="journal article" year="1892">Karsch 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barrion, A. T. & Litsinger, J. A." box="[517,811,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="283 - 359" refId="ref25703" refString="Barrion, A. T. & Litsinger, J. A. (1994) Taxonomy of rice insect pests and their arthropod parasites and predators. In: Heinrichs, E. A. (Ed.), Biology and Management of Rice Insects. Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, pp. 13 - 15 + 283 - 359." type="book chapter" year="1994">Barrion & Litsinger 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Biswas, V. & Raychaudhuri, D." box="[824,1170,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="240 - 246" refId="ref25975" refString="Biswas, V. & Raychaudhuri, D. (2007) New record of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) of the genus Hippasa Simon from Bangladesh. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 104, 240 - 246." type="journal article" year="2007">Biswas & Raychaudhuri 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sen, S. & Dhali, D. C. & Saha, S. & Raychaudhuri, D." box="[1184,1360,1554,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 339" refId="ref27373" refString="Sen, S., Dhali, D. C., Saha, S. & Raychaudhuri, D. (2015) Spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) of Reserve Forests of Dooars: Gorumara National Park, Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary and Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary. World Scientific News, 20, 1 - 339." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Sen
|
||
<emphasis box="[1234,1293,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dhali, D. C. & Saha, S. & Raychaudhuri, D." pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26182" refString="Dhali, D. C., Saha, S. & Raychaudhuri, D. (2017) Litter and ground dwelling spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) of reserve forests of Dooars, West Bengal. World Scientific News, 63, 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Dhali
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,210,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Caleb, J. T. D." box="[292,427,1591,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="15711 - 15766" refId="ref26048" refString="Caleb, J. T. D. (2020) Spider (Arachnida: Araneae) fauna of the scrub jungle in the Madras Christian College campus, Chennai, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 12, 15711 - 15766. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 5758.12.7.15711 - 15766" type="journal article" year="2020">Caleb 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, the species redescribed under the name ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[987,1150,1591,1617]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[987,1150,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ is in fact
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1899" box="[1277,1436,1591,1617]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1277,1297,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1313,1436,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">pantherina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[366,529,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[366,529,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is questionable due to the immature stage of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1086,1188,1627,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. It may be considered as
|
||
<emphasis box="[183,350,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
until adult specimens from the type locality can be examined. As a result, the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1899" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1409,1429,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,274,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">pantherina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[339,502,1699,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[339,502,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S." box="[686,994,1699,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="248 - 447" refId="ref28018" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1980) Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India, Araneae, 1, 248 - 447." type="journal article" year="1980">Tikader & Malhotra (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is no longer acceptable and the former is herein revalidated. This in turn challenges the validity of the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[865,1025,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[865,1025,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ species-group proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang, L. Y. & Li, Z. X. & Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S." pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="231 - 244" refId="ref28050" refString="Wang, L. Y., Li, Z. X., Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S. (2015) Redescription of three Hippasa species from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with a proposed species group-division and diagnosis. Zootaxa, 3974 (2), 231 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3974.2.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which should be reconsidered as the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1899" box="[688,845,1771,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[688,845,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. pantherina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,402,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,393]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thorell, T." box="[199,365,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="5 - 417" refId="ref27838" refString="Thorell, T. (1887) Viaggio di L. Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. II. Primo saggio sui ragni birmani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 25, 5 - 417." type="journal article" year="1887">Thorell (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided textual description of a male specimen from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1041,1089,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1223,1387,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1223,1387,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">P. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and based on this, he transferred
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[470,631,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[470,631,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">P. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Keyserling, 1877" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1877" box="[665,981,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Diapontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[665,779,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Diapontia</emphasis>
|
||
Keyserling, 1877
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This decision reversed a few years later, when
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[220,433,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="193 - 380" refId="ref27652" refString="Simon, E. (1898) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme Edition. Tome Second. Roret, Paris, pp. 193 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book chapter" year="1898">Simon (1898: 326)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
transferred the species back to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[791,886,1879,1904]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[791,886,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Hippasa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Even though
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thorell, T." box="[1052,1216,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="5 - 417" refId="ref27838" refString="Thorell, T. (1887) Viaggio di L. Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. II. Primo saggio sui ragni birmani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 25, 5 - 417." type="journal article" year="1887">Thorell (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was not sure about the conspecificity between
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[468,640,1915,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[468,640,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[702,865,1915,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[702,865,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he considered that both
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1166,1338,1915,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1166,1338,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[438,592,1950,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref27478" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra- Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1885">Simon (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[658,790,1951,1977]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
were identical with
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1014,1181,1951,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1014,1181,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">D. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Even though the label found inside the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[336,384,1987,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">type</typeStatus>
|
||
vial of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[468,629,1987,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[468,629,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">P. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
deposited in MSNG, and which was probably written by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thorell, T." box="[1266,1431,1987,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="5 - 417" refId="ref27838" refString="Thorell, T. (1887) Viaggio di L. Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. II. Primo saggio sui ragni birmani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 25, 5 - 417." type="journal article" year="1887">Thorell (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, mentioned that ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[337,500,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[337,500,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">P. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is equal to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[634,796,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[634,796,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’, Thorell’s interpretation regarding the conspecificity of both ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1867" box="[216,376,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenalliae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[216,376,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. greenalliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." box="[537,691,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref27478" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra- Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1885">Simon (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[757,889,187,213]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[942,1109,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[942,1109,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is wrong due to the uncertain identity of the former species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,151,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
Of the 10 valid
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[401,590,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis box="[401,496,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Hippasa</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[717,775,259,285]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see below),
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[945,1119,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[945,965,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[985,1119,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1924" box="[1139,1342,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madraspatana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1139,1159,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1180,1342,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">madraspatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Patel & Reddy" authorityYear="1993" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valiveruensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1409,1429,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,299,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">valiveruensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller in body size (TL <9), whereas other species are larger (TL> 10). The smaller species have less developed tarsal scopulae that is well-developed in larger species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,151,393]" box="[199,834,366,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,366,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Africa, Asia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="World Spider Catalog" box="[509,823,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refId="ref28211" refString="World Spider Catalog (2022) World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 26 November 2022) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2" type="book" year="2022">World Spider Catalog 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,558,474,501]" box="[151,558,474,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[151,558,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,558,474,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
Key to Indian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[457,558,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[457,558,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Hippasa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,547,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
Species considered as
|
||
<emphasis box="[407,564,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">nomina dubia</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[621,781,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
are excluded from the key. Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1924" box="[1211,1393,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="himalayensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1211,1393,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. himalayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1924" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loundesi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. loundesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Patel & Reddy" authorityYear="1993" box="[300,483,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valiveruensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[300,483,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. valiveruensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also excluded as they are unknown. Details of the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1889" box="[1196,1354,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deserticola">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1196,1354,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. deserticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1895" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holmerae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. holmerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were taken from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang, L. Y. & Li, Z. X. & Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S." box="[451,659,618,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="231 - 244" refId="ref28050" refString="Wang, L. Y., Li, Z. X., Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S. (2015) Redescription of three Hippasa species from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with a proposed species group-division and diagnosis. Zootaxa, 3974 (2), 231 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3974.2.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis box="[522,578,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marusik, Y. M. & Nadolny, A. A." box="[712,1019,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="222 - 235" refId="ref26851" refString="Marusik, Y. M. & Nadolny, A. A. (2021) Redescription of Hippasa deserticola, the northernmost species of Hippasa (Aranei: Lycosidae), with taxonomic notes on other species of the genus. Zoosystematica Rossica, 30, 222 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2021.30.2.222" type="journal article" year="2021">Marusik & Nadolny (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and that of the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1308,1436,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1308,1436,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. olivacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S." box="[212,521,655,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="248 - 447" refId="ref28018" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1980) Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India, Araneae, 1, 248 - 447." type="journal article" year="1980">Tikader & Malhotra (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="key">
|
||
<key pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1437,724,746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1437,724,746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">1a Males...............................................................................................2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,753,775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,753,775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">1b Females............................................................................................. 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,782,804]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,782,804]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
2a Body less than
|
||
<quantity box="[373,428,782,804]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.............................................................................. 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,812,834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,812,834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
2b Body more than
|
||
<quantity box="[387,454,812,833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.............................................................................4
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
3a Retrolateral lamellate process of tegulum well-developed, anterior arm of tegular apophysis short and broad towards distally, embolus lacks ventral membranous sheath-like extension (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[788,891,870,892]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,248,1252,1276]" captionTargetBox="[155,1427,193,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1229]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male and female genitalia (ADSH595032). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations:AGaccessory gland;AT anteriorarmof tegularapophysis; Cconductor;E embolus; EBembolic base; FDfertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554973/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 8A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
)................................
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1292,1437,870,892]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1292,1437,870,892]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
3b Retrolateral lamellate process of tegulum less developed, anterior arm of tegular apophysis long and in same width along entire length, embolus with ventral membranous sheath-like extension (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[853,968,929,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,607,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-202@33.[151,1435,597,1732]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male and female genitalia (ADSH5950281). A–B male left pedipalp, C male right pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MS membranous sheath; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 26A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
)........................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1924" box="[1268,1437,929,951]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madraspatana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1268,1437,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. madraspatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,958,980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,958,980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">4a Anterior and mesal arms of tegular apohysis closely spaced.................................................... 5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,988,1010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,988,1010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">4b Anterior and mesal arms of tegular apohysis widely spaced.................................................... 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
5a Tegular apophysis with strongly curved anterior and broad mesal arms, synembolus less curved, embolus less curved with widened tip (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marusik, Y. M. & Nadolny, A. A." box="[351,604,1046,1068]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="222 - 235" refId="ref26851" refString="Marusik, Y. M. & Nadolny, A. A. (2021) Redescription of Hippasa deserticola, the northernmost species of Hippasa (Aranei: Lycosidae), with taxonomic notes on other species of the genus. Zoosystematica Rossica, 30, 222 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2021.30.2.222" type="journal article" year="2021">Marusik & Nadolny 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2A, E–H)..............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1889" box="[1300,1437,1046,1068]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deserticola">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1300,1437,1046,1068]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. deserticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
5b Tegular apophysis with straight anterior and narrow mesal arms, synembolus strongly curved, strongly curved embolus without widened tip (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang, L. Y. & Li, Z. X. & Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S." box="[351,520,1105,1127]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="231 - 244" refId="ref28050" refString="Wang, L. Y., Li, Z. X., Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S. (2015) Redescription of three Hippasa species from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with a proposed species group-division and diagnosis. Zootaxa, 3974 (2), 231 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3974.2.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis box="[414,463,1105,1127]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3A)...........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1895" box="[1316,1437,1105,1127]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holmerae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1316,1437,1105,1127]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. holmerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
6a Anterior arm of tegular apophysis short, conductor small, synembolus strongly curved, embolus with smooth distal curvature (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[233,348,1164,1186]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-19@27.[158,1430,181,1519]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 21. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, male and female genitalia (ADSH595026). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view; F same without left spermatheca showing accessory gland, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555015/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 21A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[1327,1436,1164,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycosina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1327,1436,1164,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. lycosina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
6b Anterior arm of tegular apophysis long, conductor large, synembolus less strongly curved, embolus with strong distal curvature (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[233,348,1222,1244]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1257,1281]" captionTargetBox="[167,1429,251,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-18@38.[151,1436,181,1233]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 29. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (ADSH59502) and female (ADSH59503) genitalia. A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove. Scale bars: A–B, D–E, 0.5 mm; C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555039/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 29A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
)...............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1899" box="[1302,1436,1222,1244]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1302,1436,1222,1244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. pantherina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,1252,1274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1252,1274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
7a Body less than
|
||
<quantity box="[373,428,1252,1273]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long...............................................................................8
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,1281,1303]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1281,1303]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
7b Body more than
|
||
<quantity box="[387,454,1281,1302]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long........................................................................... 10
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1437,1310,1332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1437,1310,1332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
8a Median plate of epigyne with atrium leading to internal hood (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[825,927,1310,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,248,1252,1276]" captionTargetBox="[155,1427,193,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1229]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), male and female genitalia (ADSH595032). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations:AGaccessory gland;AT anteriorarmof tegularapophysis; Cconductor;E embolus; EBembolic base; FDfertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554973/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 8D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
).............................
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1292,1437,1310,1332]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agelenoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1292,1437,1310,1332]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. agelenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,1340,1362]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1340,1362]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">8b Median plate of epigyne without atrium................................................................... 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
9a Epigyne with broadly triangular median plate, accessory glands with stalks, spermathecae oval (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1149,1263,1369,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,607,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-202@33.[151,1435,597,1732]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, male and female genitalia (ADSH5950281). A–B male left pedipalp, C male right pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MS membranous sheath; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove; TS tegular stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–E, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 26D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
).................................................................................................. ..
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1924" box="[1268,1437,1398,1420]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madraspatana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1268,1437,1398,1420]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. madraspatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
9b Epigyne with narrow, M-shaped median plate, accessory glands without stalks, spermathecae globular (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1220,1335,1428,1450]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="41.[151,250,482,506]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,194,450]" captionTargetId="figure-19@41.[152,1435,181,458]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 31. Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993, genitalia of female (ADSH595035). A epigyne, ventral view. B vulva, dorsal view.Abbreviations:AG accessory gland; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; S spermatheca; SS spermathecal stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555043/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 31A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
)............................................................................................. ..
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Patel & Reddy" authorityYear="1993" box="[1280,1437,1457,1479]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valiveruensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1280,1437,1457,1479]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. valiveruensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,1486,1508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1486,1508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">10a Median plate of epigyne with atrium leading to internal hood................................................. 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,1516,1538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1516,1538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">10b Median plate of epigyne without atrium.................................................................. 13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1437,1545,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1437,1545,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
11a Median plate of epigyne posteriorly with a median scape (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[784,871,1545,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,1018,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-301@20.[151,1437,1018,1894]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hippasa holmerae Thorell, 1895, genitalia of a topotype female specimen deposited in ZSI (NZC-ZSI 2393/17). A epigyne, ventral view. B vulva, dorsal view. C labels from the bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554995/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
)................................... ..
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1895" box="[1316,1437,1545,1567]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holmerae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1316,1437,1545,1567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. holmerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,1574,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1574,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">11b Median plate of epigyne without scape................................................................... 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,1604,1626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1604,1626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
12a Median plate of epigyne well-developed, accessory glands present, spermathecae globular (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1105,1220,1604,1626]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[157,1427,1586,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-80@23.[151,1436,1580,1917]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hippasa loundesi Gravely, 1924, genitalia of female (ADSH5950252). A epigyne, ventral view. B vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; S spermatheca; SS spermathecal stalk. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555005/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 18A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
)........
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1924" box="[1326,1436,1604,1625]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loundesi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1326,1436,1604,1625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. loundesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
12b Median plate of epigyne poorly developed, accessory glands absent, spermathecae elongate-ovoid (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1180,1294,1633,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1257,1281]" captionTargetBox="[167,1429,251,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-18@38.[151,1436,181,1233]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 29. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899, male (ADSH59502) and female (ADSH59503) genitalia. A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; LEP lateral epigynal plate; LT lamellate process of tegulum; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis; TG tegular groove. Scale bars: A–B, D–E, 0.5 mm; C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555039/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 29D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
)....................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1899" box="[1302,1436,1662,1684]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1302,1436,1662,1684]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. pantherina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1437,1692,1714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1437,1692,1714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
13a Median plate of epigyne with small atrium and a posteromedian scape (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[912,1030,1692,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,183,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[184,1403,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hippasa deserticola Simon, 1889, genitalia of types of Hippasa charamaensis Gajbe, 2004.A–C left pedipalp of allotype male: A prolateroventral view; B ventral view; C retrolateral view. D–G holotype female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E same, oblique ventral view; F vulva, dorsal view; G same, oblique dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, 0.5 mm; D–G, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554983/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Figs 11D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1039,1110,1692,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,527,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-182@17.[151,1436,525,1825]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Hippasa deserticola Simon, 1889, genitalia of types of Hippasa madhuae Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 (NZC-ZSI 4665/18 and 4666/18). A–B left pedipalp of allotype male: A prolateroventral view; B ventral view. C–D holotype female genitalia: C epigyne, oblique ventral view; D vulva, oblique dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–D, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554989/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">13C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
)...............
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1889" box="[1300,1437,1692,1713]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deserticola">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1300,1437,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. deserticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,1721,1743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1721,1743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">13b Median plate of epigyne with large atrium and without posteromedian scape......................................14</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,1750,1772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1750,1772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
14a Atrium of epigynal median plate transversely elliptical (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S." box="[763,1015,1750,1772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="248 - 447" refId="ref28018" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1980) Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India, Araneae, 1, 248 - 447." type="journal article" year="1980">Tikader & Malhotra 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 84)...................
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1326,1436,1750,1772]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1326,1436,1750,1772]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. olivacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,1779,1802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1779,1802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">14b Atrium of epigynal median plate triangular.................................................................15</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,1809,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1809,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
15a Accessory glands with stalks, spermathecae peanut-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[804,891,1809,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,741,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-259@19.[151,1437,741,1834]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Hippasa himalayensis Gravely, 1924, lectotype female (NZC-ZSI 2268/18). A habitus, dorsal view. B same, ventral view. C epigyne, ventral view. D vulva, dorsal view. E labels from type bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554991/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
|
||
)...............................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1924" box="[1282,1436,1809,1831]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="himalayensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1282,1436,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. himalayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,724,1860]" box="[151,1436,1838,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1838,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
15b Accessory glands without stalks, spermathecae globular (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[776,860,1838,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-19@27.[158,1430,181,1519]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 21. Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, male and female genitalia (ADSH595026). A–C male left pedipalp: A ventral view; B retrolateral view; C embolic division, ventral view. D–E female genitalia: D epigyne, ventral view; E vulva, dorsal view; F same without left spermatheca showing accessory gland, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG accessory gland; AT anterior arm of tegular apophysis; C conductor; E embolus; EB embolic base; FD fertilization duct; H hood; LEP lateral epigynal plate; MEP median epigynal plate; MT mesal arm of tegular apophysis; Pa palea; RTP retrolateral process of tegulum; S spermatheca; Se synembolus; SD sperm duct; SS spermathecal stalk; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; TA tegular apophysis. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555015/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
|
||
)......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[1327,1436,1838,1860]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycosina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1327,1436,1838,1860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H. lycosina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |