306 lines
39 KiB
XML
306 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="9F208543CC5CF96480C612D7DEF59AC2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3635.1.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2c8591b7-7450-430d-a1c8-efaad2b11540" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220282" ID-ZooBank="B76B7A06-0744-4510-8738-6A0675F2EFEB" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460585790641" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bilton, David T." docDate="2013" docId="03B387BDFFD7FFD9FF28FE9DA5403A01" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03635p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3635 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sebasthetops omaliniformis Jach 1998" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="FF8AFFC5FFD6FFDCFFBFFFF2A6013C4E" masterDocTitle="Description of the male of Sebasthetops omaliniformis Jäch, 1998 — a phylogenetically isolated water beetle from South Africa, with notes on its ecology (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="94" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1698325099535" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="81352DB6D30110031EDC7271D6A32E52">
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<mods:title id="3A34A1CB3B756B6B2F79956FC3DB90B5">Description of the male of Sebasthetops omaliniformis Jäch, 1998 — a phylogenetically isolated water beetle from South Africa, with notes on its ecology (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B60071D529638BD7ED9E1415DC11866F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4345B00362EC1889E74A82FA9F710AE4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="270AAC4C2E29EF9C37D93E82591156B2">Bilton, David T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="90BCC2154A91857169DC99EE07580B11">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CAE67AC12E88B9ADDDC27922368C2734">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9CD5D01E3353A0020994428AEAA3090D">
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<mods:date id="A5D52791BFBC1E6C7B4DE5DDF00C1B39">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3BAFD8ADC31141202CDD2DFB3E9BEFDB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A8F6F2F872650F287A268B7B71CE2D1A">3635</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AF5589CA4380494B6E715AF68C21A114" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="1417987B567664AFC46466E8DF5A5E61">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="EEF26B4477C1FD7D96C9A2C9F0CBCCE9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CE62328D3C2316534C8CFC3BFB93E467" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3635.1.10</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5F51617889A220EB98177FAB008C72F0" type="GBIF-Dataset">2c8591b7-7450-430d-a1c8-efaad2b11540</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="060178B5E382F501C49A53268FEE2EA1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9357DB402EE23C2415AEEB856C40A19B" type="Zenodo-Dep">220282</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BCBDBEF4FC98A34200264DC7A3C94629" type="ZooBank">B76B7A06-0744-4510-8738-6A0675F2EFEB</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B387BDFFD7FFD9FF28FE9DA5403A01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6155616" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119564472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6155616" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387BDFFD7FFD9FF28FE9DA5403A01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387BDFFD7FFD9FF28FE9DA5403A01" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">
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<subSubSection id="C3006520FFD7FFDDFF28FE9DA4703DC7" box="[151,625,367,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD7FFDDFF28FE9DA4703DC7" blockId="1.[151,625,367,393]" box="[151,625,367,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">
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<heading id="D0ED81C7FFD7FFDDFF28FE9DA4703DC7" bold="true" box="[151,625,367,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="95" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD7FFDDFF28FE9DA4703DC7" ID-CoL="4W7QW" authority="Jach, 1998" authorityName="Jach" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,625,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omaliniformis">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD7FFDDFF28FE9DA4703DC7" bold="true" box="[151,625,367,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD7FFDDFF28FE9DA7E43DC7" bold="true" box="[151,485,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">Sebasthetops omaliniformis</emphasis>
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Jäch, 1998
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006520FFD7FFDDFF28FE44A7F83DBC" pageId="1" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD7FFDDFF28FE44A7F83DBC" blockId="1.[151,1436,438,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD7FFDDFF28FE44A7823D81" bold="true" box="[151,387,438,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<date id="FFA4106BFFD7FFDDFE24FE44A4173D80" box="[411,534,438,462]" pageId="1" pageNumber="95" value="2009-09-25">25/ix/2009</date>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30D763BFFD7FFDDFD93FE44A4C83D80" box="[556,713,438,462]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, Western Cape Province, stream at Mont Rochelle, above Franschhoek.
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<quantity id="4CE29B4EFFD7FFDDFE8BFE28A7923DBC" box="[308,403,474,498]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="1100.0">1,100 m</quantity>
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. 7 3
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<specimenCount id="9D1CFD22FFD7FFDDFE70FE28A7F83DBC" box="[463,505,474,498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="95" type="generic">5Ƥ.</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF656623FFD7FFDDFF28FA3EA23839AC" box="[151,1081,1484,1507]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220283/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="95" targetBox="[151,1434,551,1462]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD7FFDDFF28FA3EA23839AC" blockId="1.[151,1081,1484,1507]" box="[151,1081,1484,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD7FFDDFF28FA3EA71239AC" bold="true" box="[151,275,1484,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Habitus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD7FFDDFE36FA3FA4A339AD" box="[393,674,1485,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omaliniformis">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD7FFDDFE36FA3FA4A339AD" box="[393,674,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">Sebasthetops omaliniformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A) male; B) female. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3006520FFD7FFD8FF78F9FBA52F3CB9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="1" pageNumber="95" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD7FFDDFF78F9FBA2DA3A6C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1545,2003]" box="[199,1243,1545,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD7FFDDFF78F9FBA7B13A6C" bold="true" box="[199,432,1545,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">Description of male</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F30D763BFFD7FFDDFE01F9F8A7DC3A6C" box="[446,477,1546,1570]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">As</collectingCountry>
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female (Jäch, 1998), with the exception of the following characters:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD7FFDEFF78F9DCA7BD3D81" blockId="1.[151,1437,1545,2003]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,463]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">
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Labrum more elongate, with larger, broader explanate regions at front and outer lateral margins (
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<figureCitation id="13212A2EFFD7FFDDFABCF9DCA3623A08" box="[1283,1379,1582,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,524,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,517,1961]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sebasthetops omaliniformis male. A) head; B) labrum; C) aedeagus, vental view; D) aedeagal apex, ventral view; E) aedeagus, lateral view; F) abdominal apex, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220284/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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A & B). Maxillary palpi longer, particularly basal and apical segments (
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<figureCitation id="13212A2EFFD7FFDDFC39F9A0A5E43A24" box="[902,997,1618,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1484,1507]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,551,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,551,1462]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Sebasthetops omaliniformis. A) male; B) female. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220283/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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). Pronotum narrower and more arched in male; consequently less flattened in appearance. Side margins less strongly toothed (
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<figureCitation id="13212A2EFFD7FFDDFB2EF984A2F23AC0" box="[1169,1267,1654,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1484,1507]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,551,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,551,1462]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Sebasthetops omaliniformis. A) male; B) female. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220283/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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). Elytra much more rounded at sides in dorsal view, and more evenly tapering towards apices, which are much more narrowly truncate (
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<figureCitation id="13212A2EFFD7FFDDFEBDF94CA7623A98" box="[258,355,1726,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1484,1507]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,551,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,551,1462]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Sebasthetops omaliniformis. A) male; B) female. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220283/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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). More arched in cross section, less flattened than in female, and less serrate at side margins. Elytral ridges less well marked in males, with outer ridge on presumptive interval 8 stronger relative to the others. Granules on elytral intervals larger and more obvious than in females. Elytral pseudoepipleurs as wide as in females, but narrowing in width gradually over their apical third rather than abruptly at apex.
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<collectingCountry id="F30D763BFFD7FFDDFB10F8D8A2CF3B0C" box="[1199,1230,1834,1858]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">As</collectingCountry>
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in female, a small portion of tergite VII and tergites VIII–X are exposed. Tergites VII and VIII with dense hydrofuge pubescence; tergites IX and X glabrous. Tergite IX and X with short, stout setae, these being more numerous than in females. Tergite X also differing in shape (see
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<figureCitation id="13212A2EFFD7FFDDFDD5F864A4CF3BE0" box="[618,718,1942,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,524,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,517,1961]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sebasthetops omaliniformis male. A) head; B) labrum; C) aedeagus, vental view; D) aedeagal apex, ventral view; E) aedeagus, lateral view; F) abdominal apex, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220284/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="95">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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F). Mentum more coarsely rugose than in females. Medial impression of metaventrite deeper, with stronger, deeper punctures. Abdominal sternites II–VII covered in hydrofuge pubescence, and sternites VIII and IX glabrous, as in females. Sternites VIII and IX with fine microreticulation with the exception of a small, smooth shining triangular area at the apex of sternite IX. Sternites VIII and IX with stout bristles; these being stouter and more numerous than those on the abdominal apex of females. Front tibiae with setal fringe occupying 2/3 of inner face (
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<figureCitation id="13212A2EFFD4FFDEFC27FEF6A5F83D52" box="[920,1017,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,199,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1637]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sebasthetops omaliniformis male. A) front leg; B) protibia; C) mid leg; D) mesotibia; E) hind leg; F) metatibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220285/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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A & B); only present in apical ¼ in females, whose setae are also shorter. Mid tibiae (
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<figureCitation id="13212A2EFFD4FFDEFD7EFED5A5203D71" box="[705,801,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,199,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1637]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sebasthetops omaliniformis male. A) front leg; B) protibia; C) mid leg; D) mesotibia; E) hind leg; F) metatibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220285/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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C & D) curved and denticulate on inner face, with short, stout spines.
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<collectingCountry id="F30D763BFFD4FFDEFE94FEBEA7623D2A" box="[299,355,332,356]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Hind</collectingCountry>
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tibiae (
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<figureCitation id="13212A2EFFD4FFDEFE06FEBEA41B3D2A" box="[441,538,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,199,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1637]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sebasthetops omaliniformis male. A) front leg; B) protibia; C) mid leg; D) mesotibia; E) hind leg; F) metatibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220285/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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E & F) curved, with bristles and setae on inner face. Mid and hind legs longer than in females. Aedeagus (
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<figureCitation id="13212A2EFFD4FFDEFE6EFE9DA4333DC9" box="[465,562,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,524,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,517,1961]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sebasthetops omaliniformis male. A) head; B) labrum; C) aedeagus, vental view; D) aedeagal apex, ventral view; E) aedeagus, lateral view; F) abdominal apex, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220284/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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C–E) with stout, evenly curved main piece; parameres entirely absent. Apex main piece with two clusters of setae, and long, flattened distal lobe, with a strong longitudinal furrow and a tubular apex (
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<figureCitation id="13212A2EFFD4FFDEFE8FFE45A7913D81" box="[304,400,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,524,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,517,1961]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sebasthetops omaliniformis male. A) head; B) labrum; C) aedeagus, vental view; D) aedeagal apex, ventral view; E) aedeagus, lateral view; F) abdominal apex, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220284/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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D).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF656623FFD4FFDEFF28F84CA4E93BBD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220284/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" targetBox="[162,1435,524,1960]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD4FFDEFF28F84CA4E93BBD" blockId="2.[151,1436,1982,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD4FFDEFF28F84CA7123B9D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1982,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD4FFDEFEA5F84CA4333B9A" box="[282,562,1982,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omaliniformis">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD4FFDEFEA5F84CA4333B9A" box="[282,562,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Sebasthetops omaliniformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male. A) head; B) labrum; C) aedeagus, vental view; D) aedeagal apex, ventral view; E) aedeagus, lateral view; F) abdominal apex, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF656623FFD5FFDFFF28F988A3803ADF" box="[151,1409,1658,1682]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220285/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" targetBox="[163,1435,199,1636]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD5FFDFFF28F988A3803ADF" blockId="3.[151,1409,1658,1682]" box="[151,1409,1658,1682]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD5FFDFFF28F988A7133ADE" bold="true" box="[151,274,1658,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD5FFDFFEA6F989A4303ADF" box="[281,561,1659,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omaliniformis">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD5FFDFFEA6F989A4303ADF" box="[281,561,1659,1681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">Sebasthetops omaliniformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male. A) front leg; B) protibia; C) mid leg; D) mesotibia; E) hind leg; F) metatibia.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD5FFDFFF78F94AA6F93B56" blockId="3.[151,1436,1720,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">
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The original description makes no reference to the wings of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD5FFDFFCC4F94BA2373A9E" box="[891,1078,1720,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omaliniformis">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD5FFDFFCC4F94BA2373A9E" box="[891,1078,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">S. omaliniformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In all specimens examined, of both sexes (3 3 2 Ƥ), these are very short, approximately 1/3 elytral length, with weak venation, mostly along front margins.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD5FFD8FF78F8D7A52F3CB9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1720,2032]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">
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||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD5FFDFFF78F8D7A72A3B73" bold="true" box="[199,299,1829,1853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens were found under large sandstone rocks resting on a substrate of sandstone cobbles in swift, deep riffles and runs in a nutrient-poor stream flowing through mountain fynbos (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A2EFFD5FFDFFB32F8BAA2F23B2E" box="[1165,1267,1864,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1707,1730]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,303,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[275,1312,303,1685]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sebasthetops microhabitat in stream at Mont Rochelle, above Franschhoek. 1,100 m. Photo D. T. Bilton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220286/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Beetles were living in water ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B4EFFD5FFDFFED7F89EA7D73BCA" box="[360,470,1900,1924]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" unit="cm" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 cm</quantity>
|
||
deep, and were aggregated and locally abundant on the under surface of larger stones, to which they clung strongly. A wide range of other microhabitats were examined for hydraenid beetles at the time of the visit, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD5FFDFFEFAF847A7D63B83" box="[325,471,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD5FFDFFEFAF847A7D63B83" box="[325,471,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">Sebasthetops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was apparently restricted to this specific microenvironment. In such places the species was found exclusively in higher reaches of the watercourse, above
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B4EFFD5FFDFFC7BF82AA22B3BBE" box="[964,1066,2008,2032]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" unit="m" value="1100.0">1,100 m</quantity>
|
||
; lower elevation reaches being apparently devoid of specimens despite superficially suitable microhabitats being present. At Mont Rochelle
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD2FFD8FA38FF6AA7353C9A" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omaliniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD2FFD8FA38FF6AA7353C9A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">S. omaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was microsympatric with the elmids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD2FFD8FD65FF4EA2463C9A" authority="Grouvelle" authorityName="Grouvelle" box="[730,1095,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Elpidelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD2FFD8FD65FF4EA5BB3C9A" box="[730,954,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Elpidelmis capensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Grouvelle)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD2FFD8FBEDFF4EA3993C9A" authority="Grouvelle" authorityName="Grouvelle" box="[1106,1432,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Haplelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD2FFD8FBEDFF4EA30A3C9A" box="[1106,1291,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Haplelmis mixta</emphasis>
|
||
(Grouvelle)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD2FFD8FF28FF12A7BF3CB6" box="[151,446,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD2FFD8FF28FF12A6F73CB6" box="[151,246,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Leielmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leielmis</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf. georhyssoides
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Grouvelle), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD2FFD8FD3BFF12A4F83CB6" box="[644,761,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Peloriolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD2FFD8FD3BFF12A4F83CB6" box="[644,761,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Peloriolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF656623FFD2FFD8FF28F959A3343A8F" box="[151,1333,1707,1730]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220286/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" targetBox="[275,1311,303,1685]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD2FFD8FF28F959A3343A8F" blockId="4.[151,1333,1707,1730]" box="[151,1333,1707,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD2FFD8FF28F959A7133A8F" bold="true" box="[151,274,1707,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD2FFD8FEA6F95EA79C3A8C" box="[281,413,1708,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD2FFD8FEA6F95EA79C3A8C" box="[281,413,1708,1730]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Sebasthetops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
microhabitat in stream at Mont Rochelle, above Franschhoek. 1,100 m. Photo D.T. Bilton.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006520FFD2FFD9FF28F8E0A5403A01" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD2FFD8FF28F8E0A7143B65" blockId="4.[151,277,1810,1835]" box="[151,277,1810,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD2FFD8FF28F8E0A7143B65" bold="true" box="[151,277,1810,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD2FFD9FF28F8A8A27F3E11" blockId="4.[151,1437,1882,2015]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,1328]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD2FFD8FF28F8A8A7D13B3C" box="[151,464,1882,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omaliniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD2FFD8FF28F8A8A7D13B3C" box="[151,464,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Sebasthetops omaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has escaped detection for over twenty years, and is still only known with certainty from a small area of the Dutoitskop mountains above Franschhoek. This is despite targeted sampling of hydraenid beetles in the region, particularly by the late Sebastian Endrödy-Younga, and more recently the present author. Together with the fact that adults have very short wings, clearly incapable of sustaining flight, this strongly suggests that the species has a very narrow geographical range (see Arribas
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FC5CFF6BA2123CFE" box="[995,1043,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011 & Bilton
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FB71FF6BA2FE3CFE" box="[1230,1279,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001). Aside from the Franschhoek area, the only other specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FC8CFF4EA5C43C9A" box="[819,965,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FC8CFF4EA5C43C9A" box="[819,965,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Sebasthetops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known are two females collected much further east in the Langeberg [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D763BFFD3FFD9FE49FF2DA4913CB9" box="[502,656,223,247]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Western Cape Province, Langeberg, Heldersfont, river stones, stop #1565 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E506CFFD3FFD9FF52FEF6A75A3D52" box="[237,347,260,284]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="20.866667">20° 52' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E506CFFD3FFD9FED7FEF6A7D03D52" box="[360,465,260,284]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="-33.933334">33° 56' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B4EFFD3FFD9FD9BFEF6A47D3D52" box="[548,636,260,284]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</quantity>
|
||
, coll. Endrödy-Younga,
|
||
<date id="FFA4106BFFD3FFD9FC2EFEF6A2373D52" box="[913,1078,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" value="1979-03-08">8 March 1979</date>
|
||
]. The elytra of these Langeberg specimens are flatter and more markedly acuminate at the apex than material from Franschhoek, however, and in the absence of males it is unclear whether they represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FC87FEBFA5F53D2A" box="[824,1012,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omaliniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FC87FEBFA5F53D2A" box="[824,1012,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">S. omaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or an undescribed species. At Mont Rochelle,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FEB7FE82A7C13DC6" box="[264,448,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omaliniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FEB7FE82A7C13DC6" box="[264,448,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">S. omaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could only be found in deep, cold areas of fast flowing water, above
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B4EFFD3FFD9FB7FFE9DA31C3DC9" box="[1216,1309,367,391]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="1100.0">1,100 m</quantity>
|
||
, and on the basis of present observations the species appears to a be specialized, cold-stenotherm. A number of other Western Cape freshwater invertebrates show similar biogeography and ecology, including species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FB22FE4AA3223D9E" box="[1181,1315,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Syncordulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FB22FE4AA3223D9E" box="[1181,1315,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Syncordulia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dragonfly, which are restricted to very small permanent headwater sections of cold mountain streams; some taxa being discovered only recently as a consequence (Djikstra
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FD4EFDF3A5253E56" box="[753,804,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007). Such species can be considered relictual, their restriction to high altitude streams likely arising as a consequence of increasing aridity over the course of the Pliocene/Pleistocene (Cowling
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FE49FDBBA4273E2E" box="[502,550,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009; Grant & Samways, 2007; Swart
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FC50FDBBA2213E2E" box="[1007,1056,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD3FFD9FF78FD9EA4D93FEA" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">
|
||
A number of these biogeographic relicts are also relicts in a phylogenetic sense, being taxonomically isolated or basal within their respective groups. Such cases include southern African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FBA2FD7DA2BC3EE9" box="[1053,1213,655,679]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with transantarctic affinities, all of which are found exclusively in mountain streams (Saether and Ekrem, 2003) and the water beetle
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FF28FD2AA5093EA1" authority="Ribera, Beutel, Balke & Vogler, 2002" authorityName="Ribera, Beutel, Balke & Vogler" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,776,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Aspidytidae" genus="Aspidytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niobe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FF28FD2AA74B3EBE" box="[151,330,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Aspidytes niobe</emphasis>
|
||
Ribera, Beutel, Balke & Vogler, 2002
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one of only two known members of the family globally (Ribera & Bilton, 2007).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FE73FD0EA45F3F5A" box="[460,606,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FE73FD0EA45F3F5A" box="[460,606,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Sebasthetops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also appears to be phylogenetically isolated, preliminary analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data suggesting that the genus occupies a rather isolated position, sister to a clade containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FE3BFCB7A4CD3F12" authority="Janssens, 1967" authorityName="Janssens" authorityYear="1967" box="[388,716,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Mesoceration" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FE3BFCB7A41F3F12" box="[388,542,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Mesoceration</emphasis>
|
||
Janssens, 1967
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FD68FCB6A22A3F12" authority="Waterhouse, 1879" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1879" box="[727,1067,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Prosthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FD68FCB6A55D3F12" box="[727,860,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Prosthetops</emphasis>
|
||
Waterhouse, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related genera (Ribera
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FAE2FCB7A38F3F12" box="[1373,1422,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., in prep.). Such ‘evolutionary distinctiveness’ (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FD22FC9BA4DA3FCE" box="[669,731,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Isaac
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FC9DFC9BA5523FCE" box="[802,851,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007; Vane-Wright
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FBFBFC9BA2753FCE" box="[1092,1140,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1991) clearly adds to the conservation interest of this narrow-range endemic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD3FFD9FF78FC42A59B3961" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">
|
||
At Mont Rochelle
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FE1BFC42A4373F86" box="[420,566,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FE1BFC42A4373F86" box="[420,566,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Sebasthetops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found exclusively in cold, deep water riffles, under large boulders; a microhabitat not typically occupied by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FDD5FC26A4FC3FA2" box="[618,765,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydraenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within the family relatively few taxa have successfully penetrated the rithral zone of streams and rivers. In the absence of a well-supported genus-level phylogeny, it is not possible at present to state how many times invasion of this habitat has occurred in hydraenids, but it seems clear that it has happened independently on a number of occasions, including members of the widespread genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FF28FB96A7063832" box="[151,263,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Hydraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FF28FB96A7063832" box="[151,263,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Hydraena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(particularly the “
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FDBBFB96A4753832" box="[516,628,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Haenydra</emphasis>
|
||
” lineage (Hydraeninae—Trizzino
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FB96FB97A26B3832" box="[1065,1130,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011)),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D763BFFD3FFD9FB49FB97A39D3832" box="[1270,1436,1124,1148]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FF28FB75A74C38D1" box="[151,333,1159,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orchymontiinae">Orchymontiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ordish, 1984; Perkins 1997), many southern African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FC5CFB7BA27C38EE" box="[995,1149,1161,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Mesoceration" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FC5CFB7BA27C38EE" box="[995,1149,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Mesoceration</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FAB7FB7AA39D38EE" box="[1288,1436,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Parasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FAB7FB7AA39D38EE" box="[1288,1436,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Parasthetops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FF21FB5EA747388A" box="[158,326,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Prosthetopinae">Prosthetopinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Perkins & Balfour-Browne, 1994). Within this ecological group of rithral taxa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FB5DFB5FA39D388A" box="[1250,1436,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omaliniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FB5DFB5FA39D388A" box="[1250,1436,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">S. omaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparently associated with deep, fast-flowing water, a microhabitat more usually occupied by riffle beetles (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FF20FB06A7023942" box="[159,259,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The dense hydrofuge vestiture on much of the ventral surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D28FFD3FFD9FC4CFB06A2843942" box="[1011,1157,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sebasthetops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FC4CFB06A2843942" box="[1011,1157,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Sebasthetops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems likely to function as an efficient plastron, enabling it to remain submerged indefinitely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD3FFD9FF28FA71A77E39D2" blockId="5.[151,383,1411,1436]" box="[151,383,1411,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAB9FFD3FFD9FF28FA71A77E39D2" bold="true" box="[151,383,1411,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Acknowledgements</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536ABFFD3FFD9FF28FA3EA5403A01" blockId="5.[151,1436,1484,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Phil Perkins kindly communicated details of the Langeberg material. I am grateful to Rebecca Bilton for her help in the field, and to Prof. Michael Samways, Deon Hignet and Danelle Kleinhans (Cape Nature) for assistance with sampling permits. Pete Bond and Glenn Harper kindly assisted with electron microscopy, and Ignacio Ribera supplied unpublished information on molecular phylogenies.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |