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<document id="88FC74E5E0222AEC37939263A24C0F0C" ID-CLB-Dataset="6427" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4970.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45d1d4f9-cd28-4759-bba9-4029f04f3f7e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4756017" ID-ZooBank="9BF933DB-E764-42F8-94B6-257B91146E82" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620889581386" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Storozhenko, Sergey Yu." docDate="2021" docId="039B87C7FF82525BC6A9FD6EFDF93DC4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4970.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4970 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Incolacridinae Tinkham 1940" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="FFA2FFBFFF835259C63EFFDCFFB43C4D" masterDocTitle="On the exact position of the tribe Incolacridini in the modern classification of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="106" pageNumber="107" updateTime="1698939186857" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C0504FCD8D38F20C11D2C9F37021CBA1">On the exact position of the tribe Incolacridini in the modern classification of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039B87C7FF82525BC6A9FD6EFDF93DC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4814250" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182398895" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4814250" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87C7FF82525BC6A9FD6EFDF93DC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B87C7FF82525BC6A9FD6EFDF93DC4" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">
<subSubSection id="C328655AFF825258C6A9FD6EFE4A3F58" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8D36D1FF825258C6A9FD6EFD2C3E81" blockId="1.[151,664,690,716]" box="[151,664,690,716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">
<heading id="D0C581BDFF825258C6A9FD6EFD2C3E81" bold="true" box="[151,664,690,716]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B946EAC3FF825258C6A9FD6EFD2C3E81" bold="true" box="[151,664,690,716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF825258C721FD6EFD2C3E81" ID-CoL="8QJZZ" authority="Tinkham, 1940" authorityName="Tinkham" authorityYear="1940" box="[287,664,690,716]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Incolacridinae">
Incolacridinae
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B20FF825258C7E5FD6EFD2C3E81" author="Tinkham, E. R." box="[475,664,690,716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" pagination="269 - 382" refId="ref7585" refString="Tinkham, E. R. (1940) Taxonomic and biological studies on the Cyrtacanthacrinae of South China. Lingnan Science Journal, 19 (4), 269 - 382, pls. 10 - 16." type="journal article" year="1940">Tinkham, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8B8D36D1FF825258C6A9FD20FE4A3F58" blockId="1.[151,531,764,825]" box="[151,510,764,789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">
Incolacri
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B20FF825258C6C9FD20FE723F59" author="Tinkham, E. R." box="[247,454,764,789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" pagination="269 - 382" refId="ref7585" refString="Tinkham, E. R. (1940) Taxonomic and biological studies on the Cyrtacanthacrinae of South China. Lingnan Science Journal, 19 (4), 269 - 382, pls. 10 - 16." type="journal article" year="1940">Tinkham, 1940: 276</bibRefCitation>
, 302.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C328655AFF825258C6A9FCFCFDA73F75" box="[151,531,800,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8D36D1FF825258C6A9FCFCFDA73F75" blockId="1.[151,531,764,825]" box="[151,531,800,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211FFFF825258C6A9FCFCFDA73F75" box="[151,531,800,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF825258C6A9FCFCFEA93F75" ID-CoL="8PT82" baseAuthorityName="Storozhenko" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[151,285,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Incolacridini">Incolacridini</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310C0FF825258C718FCFCFDBB3F75" author="Storozhenko, S. Yu." box="[294,527,800,825]" page="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" year="2018">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF825258C718FCFCFDBB3F75" authority="Storozhenko, 2021" authorityName="Storozhenko" authorityYear="2021" box="[294,527,800,825]" genus="Storozhenko" pageId="1" pageNumber="113" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B20FF825258C718FCFCFDBB3F75" author="Storozhenko, S. Yu." box="[294,527,800,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" pagination="55 - 65" refId="ref7379" refString="Storozhenko, S. Yu. (2018) A new species of the genus Mesambria Stal, 1878 with notes on the tribe Mesambriini (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Catantopinae). Zootaxa, 4418 (1), 55 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4418.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">Storozhenko, 2018: 63</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C328655AFF825258C6A9FC82FDFD3F3B" box="[151,585,862,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8D36D1FF825258C6A9FC82FDFD3F3B" blockId="1.[151,585,862,886]" box="[151,585,862,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">
<typeStatus id="54898873FF825258C6A9FC82FF7D3F3B" box="[151,201,862,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF825258C726FC82FDF13F3B" authority="C. Willemse, 1932" authorityName="C. Willemse" authorityYear="1932" box="[280,581,862,886]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Incolacris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAC3FF825258C726FC82FECB3F3B" box="[280,383,862,886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Incolacris</emphasis>
C.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B20FF825258C79CFC82FDF13F3B" author="Willemse, C." box="[418,581,862,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref7703" refString="Willemse, C. (1932) Descriptions of some new Acrididae chiefly from the Indo-Malayan Region (Orthoptera). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 101, 141 - 156." type="journal article" year="1932">Willemse, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C328655AFF825258C6A9FC42FC403B54" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D36D1FF825258C6A9FC42FC403B54" blockId="1.[151,1437,926,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="B946EAC3FF825258C6A9FC42FE953FF5" bold="true" box="[151,289,926,952]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Description</emphasis>
. Body robust, medium to small size (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C483FC43FCBD3FF4" box="[701,777,927,953]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[218,1367,192,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[211,1377,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Subfamily Incolacridinae. 1. Bettotania cincifemur, female body, lateral view (schematic after Miller, 1935); 2. Stolzia rubromaculata, male head and pronotum, lateral view (schematic after C. Willemse, 1930); 3. Stolzia javana, female head, frontal view; 4–7. Incolacris rubritarsi, female: 4. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 5. Head, frontal view; 6. Apex of abdomen, lateral view (after Hollis, 1975); 7. The same, ventral view (after Hollis, 1975); 8–12. Incolacris jianfengensis comb. nov., male (after Zheng &amp; Ma, 1989): 8. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 9. The same, dorsal view; 10. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 11. The same, lateral view; 12. Hind knee, lateral view; 13. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov., male apex of abdomen, dorsal view (after Ingrisch, 1989); 14. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov., male hind knee, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C528FC42FCD43FF4" box="[790,864,926,953]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[154,1423,184,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[151,1436,181,1895]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov. 25. Female body, lateral view; 26. Male body, lateral view; 27. The same, frontal view; 28. The same, dorsal view; 29.Apex of female abdomen, lateral view; 30. Apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; 31. Female head and sternal plate, ventral view; 32. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 33. The same, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">25–28</figureCitation>
). Head rugose, considerably shorter than pronotum. Face in profile reclinated; frontal ridge below the antennal bases straight (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C5EBFC1FFB8B3F90" box="[981,1087,963,989]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[218,1367,192,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[211,1377,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Subfamily Incolacridinae. 1. Bettotania cincifemur, female body, lateral view (schematic after Miller, 1935); 2. Stolzia rubromaculata, male head and pronotum, lateral view (schematic after C. Willemse, 1930); 3. Stolzia javana, female head, frontal view; 4–7. Incolacris rubritarsi, female: 4. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 5. Head, frontal view; 6. Apex of abdomen, lateral view (after Hollis, 1975); 7. The same, ventral view (after Hollis, 1975); 8–12. Incolacris jianfengensis comb. nov., male (after Zheng &amp; Ma, 1989): 8. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 9. The same, dorsal view; 10. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 11. The same, lateral view; 12. Hind knee, lateral view; 13. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov., male apex of abdomen, dorsal view (after Ingrisch, 1989); 14. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov., male hind knee, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Figs. 4, 8</figureCitation>
) or excised (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C2ECFC1FFAA03F90" box="[1234,1300,963,989]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[218,1367,192,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[211,1377,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Subfamily Incolacridinae. 1. Bettotania cincifemur, female body, lateral view (schematic after Miller, 1935); 2. Stolzia rubromaculata, male head and pronotum, lateral view (schematic after C. Willemse, 1930); 3. Stolzia javana, female head, frontal view; 4–7. Incolacris rubritarsi, female: 4. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 5. Head, frontal view; 6. Apex of abdomen, lateral view (after Hollis, 1975); 7. The same, ventral view (after Hollis, 1975); 8–12. Incolacris jianfengensis comb. nov., male (after Zheng &amp; Ma, 1989): 8. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 9. The same, dorsal view; 10. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 11. The same, lateral view; 12. Hind knee, lateral view; 13. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov., male apex of abdomen, dorsal view (after Ingrisch, 1989); 14. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov., male hind knee, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Fastigium of vertex triangular, deeply sulcate and projecting forward at the distance less than the half of eye length; lateral margins bordered by low carinulae reaching apical margin of the compound eyes; foveolae shallow, short triangular. Vertex between eyes considerably narrower than an eye (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C51BFBF3FCDF3804" box="[805,875,1071,1097]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[218,1367,192,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[211,1377,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Subfamily Incolacridinae. 1. Bettotania cincifemur, female body, lateral view (schematic after Miller, 1935); 2. Stolzia rubromaculata, male head and pronotum, lateral view (schematic after C. Willemse, 1930); 3. Stolzia javana, female head, frontal view; 4–7. Incolacris rubritarsi, female: 4. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 5. Head, frontal view; 6. Apex of abdomen, lateral view (after Hollis, 1975); 7. The same, ventral view (after Hollis, 1975); 8–12. Incolacris jianfengensis comb. nov., male (after Zheng &amp; Ma, 1989): 8. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 9. The same, dorsal view; 10. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 11. The same, lateral view; 12. Hind knee, lateral view; 13. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov., male apex of abdomen, dorsal view (after Ingrisch, 1989); 14. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov., male hind knee, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Eyes large, oval. Frontal ridge distinct, sulcate, with margins almost parallel (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C7D7FB8FFDE13820" box="[489,597,1106,1133]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[218,1367,192,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[211,1377,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Subfamily Incolacridinae. 1. Bettotania cincifemur, female body, lateral view (schematic after Miller, 1935); 2. Stolzia rubromaculata, male head and pronotum, lateral view (schematic after C. Willemse, 1930); 3. Stolzia javana, female head, frontal view; 4–7. Incolacris rubritarsi, female: 4. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 5. Head, frontal view; 6. Apex of abdomen, lateral view (after Hollis, 1975); 7. The same, ventral view (after Hollis, 1975); 8–12. Incolacris jianfengensis comb. nov., male (after Zheng &amp; Ma, 1989): 8. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 9. The same, dorsal view; 10. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 11. The same, lateral view; 12. Hind knee, lateral view; 13. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov., male apex of abdomen, dorsal view (after Ingrisch, 1989); 14. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov., male hind knee, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Figs. 3, 5</figureCitation>
) or narrowed between antennal bases (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C22EFB8FFBD13820" box="[1040,1125,1107,1133]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[154,1423,184,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[151,1436,181,1895]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov. 25. Female body, lateral view; 26. Male body, lateral view; 27. The same, frontal view; 28. The same, dorsal view; 29.Apex of female abdomen, lateral view; 30. Apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; 31. Female head and sternal plate, ventral view; 32. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 33. The same, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Antennae filiform. Pronotum rugose, crossed by three transverse furrows; prozona distinctly longer than metazona; median carina vestigial; lateral carinae absent; anterior margin of prozona almost straight; posterior margin of metazona triangularly rounded (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C6A1FB63FF5B3894" box="[159,239,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[218,1367,192,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[211,1377,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Subfamily Incolacridinae. 1. Bettotania cincifemur, female body, lateral view (schematic after Miller, 1935); 2. Stolzia rubromaculata, male head and pronotum, lateral view (schematic after C. Willemse, 1930); 3. Stolzia javana, female head, frontal view; 4–7. Incolacris rubritarsi, female: 4. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 5. Head, frontal view; 6. Apex of abdomen, lateral view (after Hollis, 1975); 7. The same, ventral view (after Hollis, 1975); 8–12. Incolacris jianfengensis comb. nov., male (after Zheng &amp; Ma, 1989): 8. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 9. The same, dorsal view; 10. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 11. The same, lateral view; 12. Hind knee, lateral view; 13. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov., male apex of abdomen, dorsal view (after Ingrisch, 1989); 14. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov., male hind knee, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C6C2FB63FEA83894" box="[252,284,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[154,1423,184,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[151,1436,181,1895]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov. 25. Female body, lateral view; 26. Male body, lateral view; 27. The same, frontal view; 28. The same, dorsal view; 29.Apex of female abdomen, lateral view; 30. Apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; 31. Female head and sternal plate, ventral view; 32. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 33. The same, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">28</figureCitation>
). Prosternal spine short, straight, conical, with broad base and pointed apex. Mesosternal lobes widely separated, subsquare or trapezoidal; mesosternal interspace transverse; metasternal lobes widely separated (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C351FB3FFF02396C" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[154,1423,184,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[151,1436,181,1895]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov. 25. Female body, lateral view; 26. Male body, lateral view; 27. The same, frontal view; 28. The same, dorsal view; 29.Apex of female abdomen, lateral view; 30. Apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; 31. Female head and sternal plate, ventral view; 32. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 33. The same, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). Tegmina and hind wings always present; apterous forms unknown. Hind femora stout; both dorsal and ventral median carinae finely serrated; dorso-median carina terminating in a small tooth; ventral genicular lobes of hind knee with distinct apical spine (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C7C5FA93FDF93924" box="[507,589,1359,1385]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[218,1367,192,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[211,1377,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Subfamily Incolacridinae. 1. Bettotania cincifemur, female body, lateral view (schematic after Miller, 1935); 2. Stolzia rubromaculata, male head and pronotum, lateral view (schematic after C. Willemse, 1930); 3. Stolzia javana, female head, frontal view; 4–7. Incolacris rubritarsi, female: 4. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 5. Head, frontal view; 6. Apex of abdomen, lateral view (after Hollis, 1975); 7. The same, ventral view (after Hollis, 1975); 8–12. Incolacris jianfengensis comb. nov., male (after Zheng &amp; Ma, 1989): 8. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 9. The same, dorsal view; 10. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 11. The same, lateral view; 12. Hind knee, lateral view; 13. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov., male apex of abdomen, dorsal view (after Ingrisch, 1989); 14. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov., male hind knee, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) or narrowly rounded at apex (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C59EFA93FC443924" box="[928,1008,1359,1385]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[218,1367,192,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[211,1377,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Subfamily Incolacridinae. 1. Bettotania cincifemur, female body, lateral view (schematic after Miller, 1935); 2. Stolzia rubromaculata, male head and pronotum, lateral view (schematic after C. Willemse, 1930); 3. Stolzia javana, female head, frontal view; 4–7. Incolacris rubritarsi, female: 4. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 5. Head, frontal view; 6. Apex of abdomen, lateral view (after Hollis, 1975); 7. The same, ventral view (after Hollis, 1975); 8–12. Incolacris jianfengensis comb. nov., male (after Zheng &amp; Ma, 1989): 8. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 9. The same, dorsal view; 10. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 11. The same, lateral view; 12. Hind knee, lateral view; 13. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov., male apex of abdomen, dorsal view (after Ingrisch, 1989); 14. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov., male hind knee, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Hind tibiae not apically expanded but provided by weakly keeled margins; outer apical dorsal spine small. Hind tarsi short, not longer than the half of hind tibiae; third segment (without claws) as long as two others together or slightly shorter; arolium large, reaching the middle or apex of claws. Tympanum large, oval. Male 10th abdominal tergite with distinct furculae or without it; supra-anal plate triangular, trapezoidal or long-oval, with a median basal impression; cerci compressed, short, conical, with pointed or blunt apex, unarmed or provided by tooth on the inner side; subgenital plate short (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C32CF9DFFF023A0C" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[218,1367,192,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[211,1377,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Subfamily Incolacridinae. 1. Bettotania cincifemur, female body, lateral view (schematic after Miller, 1935); 2. Stolzia rubromaculata, male head and pronotum, lateral view (schematic after C. Willemse, 1930); 3. Stolzia javana, female head, frontal view; 4–7. Incolacris rubritarsi, female: 4. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 5. Head, frontal view; 6. Apex of abdomen, lateral view (after Hollis, 1975); 7. The same, ventral view (after Hollis, 1975); 8–12. Incolacris jianfengensis comb. nov., male (after Zheng &amp; Ma, 1989): 8. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 9. The same, dorsal view; 10. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 11. The same, lateral view; 12. Hind knee, lateral view; 13. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov., male apex of abdomen, dorsal view (after Ingrisch, 1989); 14. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov., male hind knee, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Figs. 10, 11. 13</figureCitation>
). Female supra-anal plate elongated, triangular, with a median basal impression; cerci conical with pointed apex; subgenital plate with long triangle pointed apex; basivalvular plates wide (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C5D2F997FB873A28" box="[1004,1075,1611,1637]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[218,1367,192,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[211,1377,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Subfamily Incolacridinae. 1. Bettotania cincifemur, female body, lateral view (schematic after Miller, 1935); 2. Stolzia rubromaculata, male head and pronotum, lateral view (schematic after C. Willemse, 1930); 3. Stolzia javana, female head, frontal view; 4–7. Incolacris rubritarsi, female: 4. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 5. Head, frontal view; 6. Apex of abdomen, lateral view (after Hollis, 1975); 7. The same, ventral view (after Hollis, 1975); 8–12. Incolacris jianfengensis comb. nov., male (after Zheng &amp; Ma, 1989): 8. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 9. The same, dorsal view; 10. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 11. The same, lateral view; 12. Hind knee, lateral view; 13. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov., male apex of abdomen, dorsal view (after Ingrisch, 1989); 14. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov., male hind knee, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor short or elongated; dorsal valves shorter than lower ones, widened apically, dentate only at apex; ventral valves slightly curved and also dentate or crenulate at apex only (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C439F94FFDFD3AE3" box="[519,585,1683,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[218,1367,192,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[211,1377,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Subfamily Incolacridinae. 1. Bettotania cincifemur, female body, lateral view (schematic after Miller, 1935); 2. Stolzia rubromaculata, male head and pronotum, lateral view (schematic after C. Willemse, 1930); 3. Stolzia javana, female head, frontal view; 4–7. Incolacris rubritarsi, female: 4. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 5. Head, frontal view; 6. Apex of abdomen, lateral view (after Hollis, 1975); 7. The same, ventral view (after Hollis, 1975); 8–12. Incolacris jianfengensis comb. nov., male (after Zheng &amp; Ma, 1989): 8. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 9. The same, dorsal view; 10. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 11. The same, lateral view; 12. Hind knee, lateral view; 13. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov., male apex of abdomen, dorsal view (after Ingrisch, 1989); 14. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov., male hind knee, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Male genitalia: epiphallus bridge-shaped, asymmetrical; bridge completely divided; left part of epiphallus larger what right one; oval sclerite present (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C5CDF96BFB1F3A9C" box="[1011,1195,1718,1745]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,316,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-80@8.[151,1436,308,1710]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15–24. Male genitalia of the subfamily Incolacridinae (15–18 after Hollis, 1975 and 19–24 after Ingrisch, 1989). 15. Incolacris trifasciata, epiphallus, dorsal view; 16. The same, Stolzia javana; 17. The same, Stolzia aberrans; 18. The same, Stolzia fasciata; 19–21. Bettotania maculata: 19. Epiphallus, dorsal view; 20. Phallic complex (epiphallus removed), dorsal view; 21. The same, lateral view; 22–24. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov.: 22. Epiphallus, dorsal view; 23. Phallic complex (epiphallus removed), lateral view; 24. The same, dorsal view. (Ae—ancorae; An—anterior projections of epiphallus; Ap—apical valves of penis; Apd—apodemes; Bp—basal valves of penis; Br—bridge; Cv—valves of cingulum; Fx—flexure; Lel—left lophi of epiphallus; Ler—right lophi of epiphallus; Os—oval sclerites; Rm—rami of cingulum; Sh—ectophallic sheath of penis; Zyg—zygoma)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756023/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Figs. 15–19, 22</figureCitation>
); valves of cingulum varied from long and narrow (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C7D6F907FD8E3AB8" box="[488,570,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,316,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-80@8.[151,1436,308,1710]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15–24. Male genitalia of the subfamily Incolacridinae (15–18 after Hollis, 1975 and 19–24 after Ingrisch, 1989). 15. Incolacris trifasciata, epiphallus, dorsal view; 16. The same, Stolzia javana; 17. The same, Stolzia aberrans; 18. The same, Stolzia fasciata; 19–21. Bettotania maculata: 19. Epiphallus, dorsal view; 20. Phallic complex (epiphallus removed), dorsal view; 21. The same, lateral view; 22–24. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov.: 22. Epiphallus, dorsal view; 23. Phallic complex (epiphallus removed), lateral view; 24. The same, dorsal view. (Ae—ancorae; An—anterior projections of epiphallus; Ap—apical valves of penis; Apd—apodemes; Bp—basal valves of penis; Br—bridge; Cv—valves of cingulum; Fx—flexure; Lel—left lophi of epiphallus; Ler—right lophi of epiphallus; Os—oval sclerites; Rm—rami of cingulum; Sh—ectophallic sheath of penis; Zyg—zygoma)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756023/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
) to short and stout (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C524F907FCD93AB8" box="[794,877,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,316,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-80@8.[151,1436,308,1710]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15–24. Male genitalia of the subfamily Incolacridinae (15–18 after Hollis, 1975 and 19–24 after Ingrisch, 1989). 15. Incolacris trifasciata, epiphallus, dorsal view; 16. The same, Stolzia javana; 17. The same, Stolzia aberrans; 18. The same, Stolzia fasciata; 19–21. Bettotania maculata: 19. Epiphallus, dorsal view; 20. Phallic complex (epiphallus removed), dorsal view; 21. The same, lateral view; 22–24. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov.: 22. Epiphallus, dorsal view; 23. Phallic complex (epiphallus removed), lateral view; 24. The same, dorsal view. (Ae—ancorae; An—anterior projections of epiphallus; Ap—apical valves of penis; Apd—apodemes; Bp—basal valves of penis; Br—bridge; Cv—valves of cingulum; Fx—flexure; Lel—left lophi of epiphallus; Ler—right lophi of epiphallus; Os—oval sclerites; Rm—rami of cingulum; Sh—ectophallic sheath of penis; Zyg—zygoma)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756023/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
); apical valves of penis conical or lobe-like; basal valves of penis connected with apical ones by unbroken flexure (
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C55CF923FC0A3B54" box="[866,958,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,316,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-80@8.[151,1436,308,1710]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15–24. Male genitalia of the subfamily Incolacridinae (15–18 after Hollis, 1975 and 19–24 after Ingrisch, 1989). 15. Incolacris trifasciata, epiphallus, dorsal view; 16. The same, Stolzia javana; 17. The same, Stolzia aberrans; 18. The same, Stolzia fasciata; 19–21. Bettotania maculata: 19. Epiphallus, dorsal view; 20. Phallic complex (epiphallus removed), dorsal view; 21. The same, lateral view; 22–24. Asymmetritania asymmetrica comb. nov.: 22. Epiphallus, dorsal view; 23. Phallic complex (epiphallus removed), lateral view; 24. The same, dorsal view. (Ae—ancorae; An—anterior projections of epiphallus; Ap—apical valves of penis; Apd—apodemes; Bp—basal valves of penis; Br—bridge; Cv—valves of cingulum; Fx—flexure; Lel—left lophi of epiphallus; Ler—right lophi of epiphallus; Os—oval sclerites; Rm—rami of cingulum; Sh—ectophallic sheath of penis; Zyg—zygoma)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756023/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13092A54FF825258C5F7F923FC5C3B54" box="[969,1000,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[154,1423,184,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[151,1436,181,1895]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Asymmetritania vietnamensis comb. nov. 25. Female body, lateral view; 26. Male body, lateral view; 27. The same, frontal view; 28. The same, dorsal view; 29.Apex of female abdomen, lateral view; 30. Apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; 31. Female head and sternal plate, ventral view; 32. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 33. The same, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328655AFF82525BC6F9F8FEFDF93DC4" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8D36D1FF82525BC6F9F8FEFCCD3D0C" blockId="1.[151,1437,926,2033]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,393]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="B946EAC3FF825258C6F9F8FEFE793B71" bold="true" box="[199,461,1826,1852]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF825258C7EDF8FFFDC73B70" authorityName="Tinkham" authorityYear="1940" box="[467,627,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Incolacridinae">Incolacridinae</taxonomicName>
differs from all other subfamilies of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF825258C232F8FFFBCE3B70" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1821" box="[1036,1146,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acrididae</taxonomicName>
in the completely divided asymmetrical epiphallus and in specific shape of ovipositor, which widened apically and dentate only at apex (both characters are the brightest synapomorphies of this subfamily). The divided epiphallus is also typical for the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF825258C682F853FEAF3BE4" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[188,283,1935,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oxyinae">Oxyinae</taxonomicName>
and the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF825258C789F853FDF23BE4" authorityName="sensu Storozhenko" authorityYear="2018" box="[439,582,1935,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mesambriini">Mesambriini</taxonomicName>
of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF825258C530F853FC163BE4" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[782,930,1935,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Catantopinae">Catantopinae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B20FF825258C58FF853FBF43BE4" author="Hollis, D." box="[945,1088,1934,1961]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" pagination="189 - 234" refId="ref6753" refString="Hollis, D. 1975. A review of the subfamily Oxyinae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 31, 189 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29486" type="journal article" year="1975">Hollis, 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF825258C273F853FA973BE4" authority="Storozhenko, 2021" authorityName="Storozhenko" authorityYear="2021" box="[1101,1315,1935,1961]" genus="Storozhenko" pageId="1" pageNumber="113" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B20FF825258C273F853FA973BE4" author="Storozhenko, S. Yu." box="[1101,1315,1935,1961]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" pagination="55 - 65" refId="ref7379" refString="Storozhenko, S. Yu. (2018) A new species of the genus Mesambria Stal, 1878 with notes on the tribe Mesambriini (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Catantopinae). Zootaxa, 4418 (1), 55 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4418.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">Storozhenko, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) but in the above mentioned taxa the epiphallus is always symmetrical and ovipositor valves are hook-like or spined/serrate along the full length. Ventral genicular lobes of hind knee in the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF825258C5CBF80BFB3D3BBC" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[1013,1161,2007,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Catantopinae">Catantopinae</taxonomicName>
are broadly rounded, in
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF81525BC6A9FF4BFF423CFC" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,246,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oxyinae">Oxyinae</taxonomicName>
with distinct apical spine, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF81525BC4B0FF4BFC9A3CFC" authorityName="Tinkham" authorityYear="1940" box="[654,814,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Incolacridinae">Incolacridinae</taxonomicName>
spined or narrowly rounded at apex. Mesosternal interspace is narrowly longitudinal in
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF81525BC7C3FF67FDEB3C98" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[509,607,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oxyinae">Oxyinae</taxonomicName>
, but in
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF81525BC490FF67FC893C98" authorityName="sensu Storozhenko" authorityYear="2018" box="[686,829,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mesambriini">Mesambriini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF81525BC54FFF67FBA53C98" authorityName="Tinkham" authorityYear="1940" box="[881,1041,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Incolacridinae">Incolacridinae</taxonomicName>
it is transverse. Body in
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF81525BC31FFF67FF723CB4" authorityName="Tinkham" authorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Incolacridinae">Incolacridinae</taxonomicName>
is rugose and similar in this aspect to the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF81525BC4F5FF03FCE93CB4" authorityName="sensu Storozhenko" authorityYear="2018" box="[715,861,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mesambriini">Mesambriini</taxonomicName>
, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF81525BC5F9FF03FB923CB4" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[967,1062,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oxyinae">Oxyinae</taxonomicName>
body with smooth integument. In modern classification of grasshoppers the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF81525BC490FEDFFC893D50" baseAuthorityName="Storozhenko" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[686,829,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Incolacridini">Incolacridini</taxonomicName>
occupies intermediate position between
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF81525BC336FEDFFA283D50" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[1288,1436,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Catantopinae">Catantopinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF81525BC6F9FEFBFE9D3D0C" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[199,297,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oxyinae">Oxyinae</taxonomicName>
; therefore it considered here as a separate subfamily.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36D1FF81525BC6F9FE96FDF93DC4" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B946EAC3FF81525BC6F9FE96FEEB3D29" bold="true" box="[199,351,330,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="108">Composition</emphasis>
. This small subfamily consists of four genera from a nominotypical tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C324D52FF81525BC2A5FE97FF7B3DC4" authority="Tinkham, 1940" authorityName="Tinkham" authorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Incolacridini">
Incolacridini
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B20FF81525BC30FFE97FF7B3DC4" author="Tinkham, E. R." pageId="2" pageNumber="108" pagination="269 - 382" refId="ref7585" refString="Tinkham, E. R. (1940) Taxonomic and biological studies on the Cyrtacanthacrinae of South China. Lingnan Science Journal, 19 (4), 269 - 382, pls. 10 - 16." type="journal article" year="1940">Tinkham, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
distributed in the Oriental region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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