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<mods:title id="AEE73D09267CDC888630A7412917BBC8">Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FF1EF3E81231FC7F" bold="true" box="[151,287,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Terebellum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FEAFF3E812E5FC7E" author="Roding, P. F." box="[294,459,978,1004]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref40656" refString="Roding, P. F. (1798) Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus Cimeliorum e Tribus Regnis Naturae quae Olium Collegerat Jon. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per X: Pars Secunda Continens Conchylia sive Testacea Univalvia, Bivalvia and Multivalvia. Typis Johan. Christi. Trappii, HamburgI, 199 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10588" type="book" year="1798">Röding, 1798</bibRefCitation>
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[Maxwell, this paper] 
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FD6FF3E91728FC7F" bold="true" box="[742,1030,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">nomen cladi conversum</emphasis>
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(
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)
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<figureCitation id="13092A10877BFFD1FF1EF421121CFBA7" box="[151,306,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[204,1373,360,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-88@32.[180,1407,344,1553]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pseudoterebellum new genus and Terebellum Röding, 1798. A. Pseudoterebellum diversiornatum (Eames, 1952), holotype, NHMUK GG68239, length 10.1 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 14, figs. 12–14). B. Pseudoterebellum oympiae (Rolando, 2001), holotype, MGPD 28168, length 20.9 mm (Rolando 2001, fig. 2). C. Pseudoterebellum saudiensis (Abbass, 1972), holotype, ASU S53, length 25 mm (Abbass 1972, pl. V, figs. 1, 2). D. Terebellum cinctum Martin, 1916, holotype, RGM St10337, length 34.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 13, figs. 4, 6). E. Terebellum obtusum Sowerby, 1840, holotype, NHMUK GG21000, length 42.2 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 13, figs. 17, 18). F. Terebellum papilliferum Martin, 1916, lectotype, RGM St10339, length 28 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 13, figs. 9, 11)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5026799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5026799/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Figures 8D–F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A10877BFFD1FEB7F4211262FBA7" box="[318,332,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1357,1381]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,272,1332]" captionTargetId="figure-50@36.[156,1431,272,1332]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 9. Terebellum Röding, 1798. A. Terebellum delicatum Kuroda &amp; Kawamoto in Kawamoto &amp; Tanabe, 1956, Khánh Hòa, Nha Trang, Vietnam, length 27 mm (NMR 54693). B. Terebellum hubrechti Poppe &amp; Tagaro, 2016, Caubian Deep, Bohol, Philippine, length 33.2 mm (image Conchology Inc.). C. Terebellum simoni Dekkers et al., 2019, Bohol Island, Philippines, length 50.6 mm (Paratype 1, AMD STR2269). D. Terebellum terebellum. D1. Vanuatu, length 63.4 mm (Coll. Guido and Philippe Poppe, 464722). D2. Solomon Islands, size unknown (NMR 44172). D3. Solomon Islands, size unknown (NMR 54964). D4. Leyte, Philippines, length 41.3 mm (Coll. Guido and Philippe Poppe, 378696)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5026801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5026801/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">9</figureCitation>
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1753 
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Klein
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, p. 38. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FE42F465114AFBE5" author="Sowerby I, G. B." box="[459,612,1119,1143]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref41837" refString="Sowerby I, G. B. (1820 - 1825) The Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells for the use of Students in Conchology and Geology. G. B. Sowerby, London, 262 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86281" type="book" year="1820">Sowerby, 1820</bibRefCitation>
–1825, pl. 263. 
<treatmentCitation id="0A931084877BFFD1FC8BF46510EEFBE5" author="Morch, O. A. L." box="[770,960,1119,1143]" page="63" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" year="1852">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FC8BF46510AFFBE5" author="Morch, O. A. L." box="[770,897,1119,1143]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref39269" refString="Morch, O. A. L. (1852) Catalogus Conchyliorum quae Reliquit D. Alphonso d'Aguirra &amp; Gadea comes de Yoldi: Regisdanlae Cubiculariorum Princeps, Ordinis Dannebrogici in Prima Classe &amp; Ordinis Caroli Terth Eques. Ludvici Kleini, Hafniae, 170 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12921" type="book" year="1852">Mörch 1852</bibRefCitation>
, p. 63
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. 
<treatmentCitation id="0A931084877BFFD1FC40F46517D1FBE5" author="Adams, H. &amp; Adams, A." box="[969,1279,1119,1143]" page="263" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" year="1858">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FC40F465179DFBE5" author="Adams, H. &amp; Adams, A." box="[969,1203,1119,1143]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref31954" refString="Adams, H. and Adams, A. (1858) The Genera of Recent Mollusca Arranged According to their Organization. Vol. I. John van Voorst, London, 484 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4772" type="book" year="1858">Adams &amp; Adams 1858</bibRefCitation>
, p. 263
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. 
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Maxwell 
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FAE3F45A16B3FBE5" box="[1386,1437,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">et al.</emphasis>
2018b
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, p. 63
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. Excluded—pre-Linnaeus (1758).
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1798 
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<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FF59F4A6126EFB26" box="[208,320,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Terebellum</emphasis>
Röding
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, p. 135. p. 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FD8BF4A711D1FB27" author="Horst, R. &amp; Schepman, M. M." box="[514,767,1180,1205]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref36345" refString="Horst, R. &amp; Schepman, M. M. (1908) Museum D'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas Volume 13: Catalogue Systematique des Mollusques (Gatsropodes Prosobranches et Polyplacophores). E. J. Brill, Leide, 572 pp." type="book" year="1908">Horst &amp; Schepman 1908</bibRefCitation>
, p. 223
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. 
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Maxwell 
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FC3FF4A710C7FB26" box="[950,1001,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">et al.</emphasis>
2018b
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, p. 63
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(= 
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. 
<treatmentCitation id="0A931084877BFFD1FD38F54910F6FA19" author="Maxwell, S. J. &amp; Liverani, V. &amp; Rymer, T. R. &amp; Congdon, B. C." box="[689,984,1395,1419]" page="63" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FD38F54910BAFA19" author="Maxwell, S. J. &amp; Liverani, V. &amp; Rymer, T. R. &amp; Congdon, B. C." box="[689,916,1395,1419]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref38585" refString="Maxwell, S. J., Liverani, V., Rymer, T. R. &amp; Congdon, B. C. (2018 b) Revision of Terebellum delicatum Kuroda and Kawamoto in Kawamoto and Tanabe, 1956 (Gastropoda, Seraphsidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 123, 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="2018">
Maxwell 
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FC9DF54E1064FA19" box="[788,842,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">et al.</emphasis>
2018b
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 63
</treatmentCitation>
. Synonymized - Emendation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FAA5F549124AFA38" ID-CoL="8YS9T" authority="Lamarck, 1799" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1799" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FAA5F54916B2FA19" box="[1324,1436,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Terebellum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FF4EF5A8124AFA38" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[199,356,1426,1450]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="63 - 91" refId="ref37257" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1799) Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles, comprenent une reaction appropee de characteres generiques, et l'etablissement d'un grand nombre de genres nouveaux. Memoires de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 1, 63 - 91." type="journal article" year="1799">Lamarck, 1799</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E877BFFD1FF1EF58B10CFF9D1" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D3695877BFFD1FF1EF58B12AAFA75" blockId="33.[151,1437,1119,1603]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211BB877BFFD1FF1EF58B12AAFA75" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
1848 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FF58F58B1263FA5A" ID-CoL="766ab9f3-d112-49da-be39-be73d0f933be" authority="Gistel" authorityName="Gistel" box="[209,333,1456,1480]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Lucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FF58F58B1226FA5A" box="[209,264,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Lucis</emphasis>
Gistel
</taxonomicName>
, p. 171. p. 72. 
<treatmentCitation id="0A931084877BFFD1FE6FF58A102DFA5A" author="Maxwell, S. J. &amp; Liverani, V. &amp; Rymer, T. R. &amp; Congdon, B. C." box="[486,771,1456,1480]" page="63" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FE6FF58A11EDFA5A" author="Maxwell, S. J. &amp; Liverani, V. &amp; Rymer, T. R. &amp; Congdon, B. C." box="[486,707,1456,1480]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref38585" refString="Maxwell, S. J., Liverani, V., Rymer, T. R. &amp; Congdon, B. C. (2018 b) Revision of Terebellum delicatum Kuroda and Kawamoto in Kawamoto and Tanabe, 1956 (Gastropoda, Seraphsidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 123, 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="2018">
Maxwell 
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FDCEF58B1154FA5A" box="[583,634,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">et al.</emphasis>
2018b
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 63
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="54898837877BFFD1FC84F58B106DFA5B" box="[781,835,1457,1481]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Type</typeStatus>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FCC4F58B17B8FA5B" authority="Lamarck, 1801" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[845,1174,1456,1481]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Lucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subulatum">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FCC4F58B10DBFA5A" box="[845,1013,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Lucis subulatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FC72F58A17B8FA5B" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[1019,1174,1456,1481]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref37305" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1801) Systeme des Animaux sans Vertebres. J. B Lamarck, Paris, 432 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl / title. 14255" type="book" year="1801">Lamarck, 1801</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FB33F58A12AEFA75" authority="terebellum (Linnaeus, 1758))" authorityName="terebellum (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Terebellum" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="terebellum">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FB33F58A16B2FA5A" box="[1210,1436,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Terebellum terebellum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FF47F5F51240FA75" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[206,366,1487,1511]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref37629" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Caracteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Edition. Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D3695877BFFD1FF1EF5D410CFF9D1" blockId="33.[151,1437,1119,1603]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
1848 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FF58F5D4125CF994" authority="Gistel" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[209,370,1518,1542]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Artopoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FF58F5D41205F997" box="[209,299,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Artopoia</emphasis>
Gistel
</taxonomicName>
, pl 7, fig. 8. p. 72. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FDB3F5D41034F994" author="Maxwell, S. J. &amp; Liverani, V. &amp; Rymer, T. R. &amp; Congdon, B. C." box="[570,794,1518,1542]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref38585" refString="Maxwell, S. J., Liverani, V., Rymer, T. R. &amp; Congdon, B. C. (2018 b) Revision of Terebellum delicatum Kuroda and Kawamoto in Kawamoto and Tanabe, 1956 (Gastropoda, Seraphsidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 123, 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="2018">
Maxwell 
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FD15F5D511FFF994" box="[668,721,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">et al.</emphasis>
2018b
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 63. 
<typeStatus id="54898837877BFFD1FCEFF5D410B2F994" box="[870,924,1518,1542]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Type</typeStatus>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FC2EF5D416B2F994" authority="(Lamarck, 1810)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1810" box="[935,1436,1518,1542]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Artopoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subulata" subGenus="Terebellum">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FC2EF5D4172FF997" box="[935,1025,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Artopoia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FB9BF5D417ACF994" box="[1042,1154,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Terebellum</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FB1BF5D417C7F994" box="[1170,1257,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">subulata</emphasis>
(Lamarck, 1810)
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FF6CF63611A9F9B6" authority="terebellum (Linnaeus, 1758))" authorityName="terebellum (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Terebellum" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[229,647,1548,1572]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="terebellum">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FF6CF63612E9F9B6" box="[229,455,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Terebellum terebellum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FE5CF636115BF9B6" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[469,629,1548,1572]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref37629" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Caracteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Edition. Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
. = 
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FD2FF637102EF9B6" box="[678,768,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Artopoja</emphasis>
Gistel 
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FCCDF6371075F9B6" box="[836,859,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FCD3F63610F4F9B7" author="Paetel, F." box="[858,986,1548,1573]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref39731" refString="Paetel, F. (1888) Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung, mit Hinzufugung der bis Jetzt Publicirten Recenten Arten, Sowie der Ermittelten Synonyma. Verlag von Gerbuder Paetel, Berlin, 249 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10575" type="book" year="1888">Paetel, 1888</bibRefCitation>
, p. 315. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FBBBF6361621F9B6" author="Maxwell, S. J. &amp; Liverani, V. &amp; Rymer, T. R. &amp; Congdon, B. C." box="[1074,1295,1548,1572]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref38585" refString="Maxwell, S. J., Liverani, V., Rymer, T. R. &amp; Congdon, B. C. (2018 b) Revision of Terebellum delicatum Kuroda and Kawamoto in Kawamoto and Tanabe, 1956 (Gastropoda, Seraphsidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 123, 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="2018">
Maxwell 
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FB1AF63717E9F9B6" box="[1171,1223,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">et al.</emphasis>
2018b
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 63. Notes: synonymised emendation of original name 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FDF4F61110F3F9D1" authority="Gistel, 1848" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[637,989,1579,1603]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Artopoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FDF4F61111F9F9D0" box="[637,727,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Artopoia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FD57F6111074F9D1" author="Gistel, J." box="[734,858,1579,1603]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref35483" refString="Gistel, J. (1848) Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs fur Hohere Schulen Bearbeitet. Hoffmann, Stuttgart, 216 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 97235" type="book" year="1848">Gistel, 1848</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FCEEF61110F8F9D1" author="Jung, P." box="[871,982,1579,1603]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E877BFFD1FF1EF64B115DF93D" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8D3695877BFFD1FF1EF64B17EBF91E" blockId="33.[151,1437,1649,2036]" box="[151,1221,1649,1676]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FF1EF64B13F7F919" bold="true" box="[151,217,1649,1675]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<typeStatus id="54898837877BFFD1FF1EF64B13FAF919" box="[151,212,1649,1675]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Type</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FF69F6481177F91E" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[224,601,1649,1676]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="terebellum">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FF69F648128BF919" box="[224,421,1649,1676]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Conus terebellum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FE25F64B1177F91E" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[428,601,1649,1676]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref37629" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Caracteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Edition. Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FDEEF64B1018F91E" author="Winckworth, R." box="[615,822,1649,1676]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="136 - 148" refId="ref43219" refString="Winckworth, R. (1945) The types of the Boltenian Genera. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 26, 136 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. mollus. a 064468" type="journal article" year="1945">Winckworth 1945</bibRefCitation>
, p. 144, by subsequent designation)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D3695877BFFD1FF4EF6AF115DF93D" blockId="33.[151,1437,1649,2036]" box="[199,627,1685,1711]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FF4EF6AF1115F93D" bold="true" box="[199,571,1685,1711]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">RegNum Registration Number.</emphasis>
684.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E877BFFD1FF4EF683111AF941" box="[199,564,1721,1747]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D3695877BFFD1FF4EF683111AF941" blockId="33.[151,1437,1649,2036]" box="[199,564,1721,1747]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FF4EF68312E9F941" bold="true" box="[199,455,1721,1747]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Reference Phylogeny.</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13092A10877BFFD1FE47F6831100F941" box="[462,558,1721,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,833,857]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,185,804]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,809]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. The clade Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 derived from character analysis and contextualised with the fossil record showing the ancestral Seraphsinae and crown clade Pseudoterebellinae both new subfamilies." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5026783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5026783/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Figure 3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E877BFFD1FF4EF6E711CCF8D2" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D3695877BFFD1FF4EF6E711CCF8D2" blockId="33.[151,1437,1649,2036]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FF4EF6E71268F965" bold="true" box="[199,326,1757,1783]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Definition.</emphasis>
The maximum clade consisting of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FD40F6E717ABF96A" authority="terebellum (Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="terebellum (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Terebellum" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[713,1157,1757,1784]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="terebellum">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FD40F6E710ECF965" box="[713,962,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Terebellum terebellum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FC46F6E71753F96A" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[975,1149,1757,1784]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref37629" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Caracteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Edition. Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and all species that share a more recent common ancestor with it than with 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FD36F73B1707F88E" authority="(Brander, 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Brander" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[703,1065,1793,1820]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sopitus">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FD36F73B1041F889" box="[703,879,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Seraphs sopitus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FCF4F73B170CF88E" author="Brander, G." box="[893,1058,1793,1820]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref32698" refString="Brander, G. (1766) Fossilia Hantoniensia Collecta, et in Museao Britannico Deposita. s. n., London, 43 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 146466" type="book" year="1766">Brander, 1766</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FBBCF73B16B2F889" authority="Jung, 1974" authorityName="Jung" authorityYear="1974" box="[1077,1436,1793,1820]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tetanus">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FBBCF73B1635F889" box="[1077,1307,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Paraseraphs tetanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FAABF73816B2F889" author="Jung, P." box="[1314,1436,1793,1820]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FF3FF71F1251F8AD" authority="Maxwell &amp; Rymer &amp; Congdon, 2021" authorityName="Maxwell &amp; Rymer &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2021" box="[182,383,1829,1855]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Pseudoterebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="433" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FF3FF71F1251F8AD" box="[182,383,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Pseudoterebellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16877BFFD1FE0FF71F11F0F8D2" authority="(Eames, 1952)" baseAuthorityName="Eames" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[390,734,1829,1856]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diversiornatum">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FE0FF71F111FF8AD" box="[390,561,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">diversiornatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64877BFFD1FDC9F71F11F8F8D2" author="Eames, F. E." box="[576,726,1829,1856]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames, 1952</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E877BFFD2FF4EF77311B8FF47" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8D3695877BFFD1FF4EF77312B9F861" blockId="33.[151,1437,1649,2036]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="B946EA87877BFFD1FF4EF773126CF8F1" bold="true" box="[199,322,1865,1891]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The shell is convolute, with an evolute growth pattern. The shell lacks a posterior canal. It is typically smooth, or with greatly reduced sculpture where present, and is widest near the anterior end of the shell. The labrum of the shell is protocyrt, and there is a channeled suture between the whorls. The aperture is long and narrows anteriorly, with a smooth columella. The labium is calloused and extends just above the apex. The basal sinus is present, but shallow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958778FFD2FF4EF0AC11B8FF47" blockId="34.[151,1436,150,429]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FF4EF0AC1249FF22" bold="true" box="[199,359,150,176]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Composition.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FEF9F0AC12C2FF22" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1799" box="[368,492,150,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FEF9F0AC12C2FF22" box="[368,492,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Terebellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contains seven species detailed herein, and belongs to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FB1CF0AC1642FF22" authority="Maxwell &amp; Rymer &amp; Congdon, 2021" authorityName="Maxwell &amp; Rymer &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2021" box="[1173,1388,150,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="425" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Pseudoterebellinae">Pseudoterebellinae</taxonomicName>
, but excludes 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FE89F08012E7FF46" authority="Maxwell &amp; Rymer &amp; Congdon, 2021" authorityName="Maxwell &amp; Rymer &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2021" box="[256,457,186,212]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Pseudoterebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="433" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FE89F08012E7FF46" box="[256,457,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Pseudoterebellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FD89F08011A1FF46" authorityName="Jung" authorityYear="1974" box="[512,655,186,212]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FD89F08011A1FF46" box="[512,655,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Paraseraphs</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8778FFD2FF4EF0E412A8FA14" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958778FFD2FF4EF0E41616FE3E" blockId="34.[151,1436,150,429]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FF4EF0E41215FF6A" bold="true" box="[199,315,222,248]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Remarks.</emphasis>
The geological record indicates that 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FD69F0E41072FF6A" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1799" box="[736,860,222,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FD69F0E41072FF6A" box="[736,860,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Terebellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
arose during the beginning of the Neogene, which places the direct ancestor during the Oligocene (Table 8). The earliest record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FB9FF1391786FE8E" authorityName="terebellum (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Terebellum" box="[1046,1192,258,284]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="terebellum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FB9FF1391786FE8E" box="[1046,1192,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">T. terebellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comes from the early Miocene of Saipan. We propose that the species arose in the Indonesian region and the clade’s ancestor resides there. The clade expanded during the early to mid-Miocene to incorporate a maximum of three species during the Langhian from 
<collectingCountry id="F32576058778FFD2FECEF15412AFFE1A" box="[327,385,366,392]" name="India" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">India</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="F32576058778FFD2FE2FF1541139FE1A" box="[422,535,366,392]" name="Indonesia" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. Examples of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FD3EF154109FFE1A" authority="terebellum" authorityName="terebellum (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Terebellum" box="[695,945,366,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="terebellum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FD3EF154109FFE1A" box="[695,945,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Terebellum terebellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Miocene of 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8778778FFD2FB23F15517F2FE1B" box="[1194,1244,367,393]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Java</collectingRegion>
show little or no variation from the more recent specimens, as does the trace colouration in preserved material (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648778FFD2FB31F1A81605FE3E" author="Cox, L. R." box="[1208,1323,402,428]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" pagination="1 - 70" refId="ref33676" refString="Cox, L. R. (1948) Neogene Mollusca from the Dent Peninsula, British North Borneo. Schweizerische Palaeontologische Abhandlungen, 66, 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="1948">Cox 1948</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958778FFD2FF2FF23E1620FB3B" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<table id="F932C4358778000FFF2FF23E161BFB3B" box="[166,1333,516,1193]" gridcols="7" gridrows="7" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<tr id="350234D78778000FFF2FF23E161BFD8E" box="[166,1333,516,540]" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D35DAB8778000FFF2FF23E1265FD8E" box="[166,331,516,540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Occurrence</th>
<th id="76D35DAB8778000FFD69F23E1761FD8E" box="[736,1103,516,540]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Geological Period</th>
<th id="76D35DAB8778000FFB31F23E161BFD8E" box="[1208,1333,516,540]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Taxon</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350234D78778000FFF2FF217161BFD32" box="[166,1333,557,672]" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="76D35DAB8778000FFE69F21712D6FD32" box="[480,504,557,672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Holocene</td>
<td id="76D35DAB8778000FFDAAF2171115FD32" box="[547,571,557,672]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Pleistocene</td>
<td id="76D35DAB8778000FFDECF21711EEFD32" box="[613,704,557,672]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Pliocene</td>
<td id="76D35DAB8778000FFD69F2171761FD32" box="[736,1103,557,672]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Miocene</td>
<td id="76D35DAB8778000FFBF3F21717BCFD32" box="[1146,1170,557,672]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Oligocene</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350234D78778000FFF2FF2EC161BFCC2" box="[166,1333,726,848]" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="76D35DAB8778000FFDECF2EC11EEFCC2" box="[613,704,726,848]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Zanclean Piacenzian</td>
<td id="76D35DAB8778000FFD69F2EC1761FCC2" box="[736,1103,726,848]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Aquitanian Burdigalian Langhian Serravallian Tortonian Messinian</td>
<td id="76D35DAB8778000FFBF3F2EC17BCFCC2" box="[1146,1170,726,848]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Chattian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350234D78778000FFF2FF3A5161BFC72" box="[166,1333,927,992]" gridrow="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D35DAB8778000FFF2FF3A51265FC72" box="[166,331,927,992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Indo-Pacific</th>
<td id="76D35DAB8778000FFB31F3A5161BFC72" box="[1208,1333,927,992]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FB31F3A5160DFC72" box="[1208,1315,927,992]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FB31F3A51632FC25" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Kawamoto" authorityYear="1956" box="[1208,1308,927,951]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="delicatum">delicatum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FB31F3F2160DFC72" authorityName="terebellum (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Terebellum" box="[1208,1315,968,992]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="terebellum">terebellum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350234D78778000FFF2FF3CA161BFBA2" box="[166,1333,1008,1072]" gridrow="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D35DAB8778000FFF2FF3CA1265FBA2" box="[166,331,1008,1072]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Philippines</th>
<td id="76D35DAB8778000FFB31F3CA161BFBA2" box="[1208,1333,1008,1072]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FB31F3CA1636FB9A" authorityName="Poppe &amp; Tagaro" authorityYear="2016" box="[1208,1304,1008,1032]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hubrechti">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FB31F3CA1636FB9A" box="[1208,1304,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">hubrechti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
simoni
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350234D78778000FFF2FF47A161BFBCA" box="[166,1333,1088,1112]" gridrow="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D35DAB8778000FFF2FF47A1265FBCA" box="[166,331,1088,1112]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Indonesia</th>
<td id="76D35DAB8778000FFB31F47A161BFBCA" box="[1208,1333,1088,1112]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FB31F47B1626FBCA" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1916" box="[1208,1288,1089,1112]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cinctum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FB31F47B1626FBCA" box="[1208,1288,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">cinctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350234D78778000FFF2FF453161BFB3B" box="[166,1333,1129,1193]" gridrow="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D35DAB8778000FFF2FF4531265FB3B" box="[166,331,1129,1193]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Africa Sub-Asia</th>
<td id="76D35DAB8778000FFB31F453161BFB3B" box="[1208,1333,1129,1193]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">papilliferum obtusum</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958778FFD2FF4EF53A12A8FA14" blockId="34.[151,1436,1280,1415]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
A number of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FED3F53A1157FA88" authority="Loven, 1847" authorityName="Loven" authorityYear="1847" box="[346,633,1280,1306]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turritellidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Turritellidae Lovén, 1847</taxonomicName>
have been wrongly assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FC56F53A1775FA88" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1799" box="[991,1115,1280,1306]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FC56F53A1775FA88" box="[991,1115,1280,1306]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Terebellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FBE3F53A127DFAAD" authority="Tuomey &amp; Holmes, 1857" authorityName="Tuomey &amp; Holmes" authorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Turritellidae" genus="Turritella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burdenii">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FBE3F53A1614FA88" box="[1130,1338,1280,1306]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Turritella burdenii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648778FFD2FAC9F53B127DFAAD" author="Tuomey, M. &amp; Holmes, F. S." pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refId="ref42498" refString="Tuomey, M. &amp; Holmes, F. S. (1857) Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina: Containing Descriptions and figures of the Polyparia, Echinodermata, and Mollusca. Russell and Jones, Charleston, 122 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 60986" type="book" year="1857">Tuomey &amp; Holmes, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FED4F51E102BFAAD" authority="Emmons, 1858" authorityName="Emmons" authorityYear="1858" box="[349,773,1316,1343]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turritellidae" genus="Turritella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="constrictum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FED4F51E117CFAAC" box="[349,594,1316,1342]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Turritella constrictum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648778FFD2FDD0F51F102BFAAD" author="Emmons, E." box="[601,773,1316,1343]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refId="ref34942" refString="Emmons, E. (1858) Report on the North-Carolina Geological Survey Agriculture of the Eastern Counties: Together with Descriptions of the Fossils of the Marl Beds. Henry D. Turner, Raleigh, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 18874" type="book" year="1858">Emmons, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FC86F51E1609FAAD" authority="Toumey &amp; Holmes, 1857" authorityName="Toumey &amp; Holmes" authorityYear="1857" box="[783,1319,1316,1343]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turritellidae" genus="Turritella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="etiwanensis">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FC86F51E172AFAAC" box="[783,1028,1316,1342]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Turritella etiwanensis</emphasis>
Toumey &amp; Holmes, 1857
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FAB8F51E12BFFAF0" authority="Conrad, 1841" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="1841" class="Gastropoda" family="Turritellidae" genus="Turritella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exaltata">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FAB8F51E13DFFAF0" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Turritella exaltata</emphasis>
Conrad, 1841
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168778FFD2FE15F57210A4FAF1" authority="Tuomey &amp; Holmes, 1857" authorityName="Tuomey &amp; Holmes" authorityYear="1857" box="[412,906,1352,1379]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turritellidae" genus="Turritella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="striatum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878778FFD2FE15F5721144FAF0" box="[412,618,1352,1378]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Turritella striatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648778FFD2FDF9F57310A4FAF1" author="Tuomey, M. &amp; Holmes, F. S." box="[624,906,1352,1379]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refId="ref42498" refString="Tuomey, M. &amp; Holmes, F. S. (1857) Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina: Containing Descriptions and figures of the Polyparia, Echinodermata, and Mollusca. Russell and Jones, Charleston, 122 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 60986" type="book" year="1857">Tuomey &amp; Holmes, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648778FFD2FC1EF5721781FAF1" author="Tuomey, M. &amp; Holmes, F. S." box="[919,1199,1352,1379]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refId="ref42498" refString="Tuomey, M. &amp; Holmes, F. S. (1857) Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina: Containing Descriptions and figures of the Polyparia, Echinodermata, and Mollusca. Russell and Jones, Charleston, 122 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 60986" type="book" year="1857">Tuomey &amp; Holmes 1857</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648778FFD2FB33F5731671FAF1" author="Emmons, E." box="[1210,1375,1352,1379]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" refId="ref34942" refString="Emmons, E. (1858) Report on the North-Carolina Geological Survey Agriculture of the Eastern Counties: Together with Descriptions of the Fossils of the Marl Beds. Henry D. Turner, Raleigh, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 18874" type="book" year="1858">Emmons 1858</bibRefCitation>
; Har- ris 1890; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648778FFD2FE88F5571257FA14" author="Jung, P." box="[257,377,1388,1415]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>