428 lines
62 KiB
XML
428 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="13FBA59777F7F0E365CE58FE85C70832" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2391.1.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5307048" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629669142287" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Shenkar, Noa & Lambert, Gretchen" docDate="2010" docId="0394EE08FF9B8707FF797F4346985F79" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02391p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2391 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2391.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Boltenia yossiloya Shenkar & Lambert 2010, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFAD9670FF9A8701FFEE793145295C2B" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Boltenia (Ascidiacea) from the Red Sea" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1699093280649" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="65E3837CB823D73D25F6B6FF0E68C55E">A new species of the genus Boltenia (Ascidiacea) from the Red Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D9C93C3D7AD0C3BCB6CD759C5653E9B3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="16F1517B1FA42C7DE23C5D31C6ED3503">Shenkar, Noa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5E98721B9BD3EFE1D5BD2F93C2AEF2E9">Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 U. S. A. E-mail: nshenkar @ u. washington. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F0EC79C85E9027524B994B8729945610">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5E5E1C666D1FE9F445A751659E554EFF">Lambert, Gretchen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BD079AB5A07D162147DEFEF11208B476">University of Washington Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="203D48261E8C1D9551DA6D4A40C24755">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8F0800303A62DDB2C04E5C5130E629CF">
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<mods:date id="2D864F925CA60F3D7CCE8EE5BF7E435E">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7B86DFE144CEB26A4D240DB5C1CB4A8C">2010-03-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EAC4F711F0C139B5AE1DF6E04C6B571A">2391</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="7493C97F9955FB6F5CBCB7FBABC88536">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2391.1.4</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4F5E40D73C95CC7773B164825D755BA1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0138A6B3C207A70EFD1D073C463F331A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2391.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5C72E3AE18ED43321FAD33CDB2496E43" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0394EE08FF9B8707FF797F4346985F79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5315110" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5315110" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0394EE08FF9B8707FF797F4346985F79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394EE08FF9B8707FF797F4346985F79" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="C3270C95FF9B8700FF797F4344925AA7" box="[151,443,1650,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF9B8700FF797F4344925AA7" blockId="1.[151,443,1650,1711]" box="[151,443,1650,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<heading id="D0CAE872FF9B8700FF797F4344925AA7" bold="true" box="[151,443,1650,1676]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B949830CFF9B8700FF797F4344925AA7" bold="true" box="[151,443,1650,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9B8700FF797F43445B5AA7" ID-CoL="5WNYH" authority="Shenkar & Lambert, 2010" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,370,1650,1676]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B949830CFF9B8700FF797F43445B5AA7" bold="true" box="[151,370,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Boltenia yossiloya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A3E77FF9B8700FE977F4344925AA7" box="[377,443,1650,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3270C95FF9B8700FF797FA4442D5A84" box="[151,260,1685,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF9B8700FF797FA4442D5A84" blockId="1.[151,443,1650,1711]" box="[151,260,1685,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<figureCitation id="1306439BFF9B8700FF797FA4442D5A84" box="[151,260,1685,1711]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,964,988]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,255,1756,1780]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,255,726,750]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,255,1387,1411]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,255,994,1018]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,184,716]" captionTargetBox-3="[168,1408,791,1378]" captionTargetBox-4="[506,1073,209,960]" captionTargetId-1="figure-103@3.[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetId-2="figure-300@4.[151,1436,184,716]" captionTargetId-3="figure-302@4.[168,1420,791,1378]" captionTargetId-4="figure-62@5.[494,1093,194,973]" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. External appearance of Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. scale bar 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. Left side; B. right side; B. muscles arrangement on the left side body wall; D. oral tentacle; E. oral siphon inner side; F. stigmata shape. Arrow pointing to: or—oral siphon, at—atrial siphon, gl—gut loop and gd—gonad, scale bar 4 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. dorsal tubercle; B. liver and stomach, scale bar 2.5 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. rectal region." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. Left side of body: en- endocarps, gl- gut loop, gd- gonad. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361408" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361410" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361412" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361414" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5361408/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5361410/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5361412/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5361414/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Figs. 2–6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3270C95FF9B8702FF797FEE45C45CD7" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF9B8700FF797FEE41535B34" blockId="1.[151,1436,1759,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B949830CFF9B8700FF797FEE44AE5AD2" bold="true" box="[151,391,1759,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Material examined</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="3B555543FF9B8700FE797FEE41535B34" country="American Samoa" county="Gulf of Aqaba" latitude="29.5" location="University" longLatPrecision="1226" longitude="34.933334" municipality="The National Collections of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Tel Aviv" typeStatus="holotype">
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Israel, Eilat,
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<collectingCounty id="62E32792FF9B8700FDDE7FEE47F45AD2" box="[560,733,1759,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Gulf of Aqaba</collectingCounty>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1306439BFF9B8700FD017FEE46045AD2" box="[751,813,1759,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1470,1494]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,421,1445]" captionTargetId="figure-252@1.[151,1436,421,1445]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Gulf of Aqaba with study sites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361406/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Fig.1</figureCitation>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0939D9FF9B8700FCDB7FEE468B5AD2" box="[821,930,1759,1785]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" precision="925" value="29.5">29°30' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0939D9FF9B8700FC417FEE41335AD2" box="[943,1050,1759,1785]" degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" precision="925" value="34.933334">34°56' E</geoCoordinate>
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).
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<typeStatus id="5486E1BCFF9B8700FBC17FEE418B5AD2" box="[1071,1186,1759,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: AS25420,
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<typeStatus id="5486E1BCFF9B8700FAC07FEE40B15AD2" box="[1326,1432,1759,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F32A1F8EFF9B8700FF797E3445945B34" box="[151,189,1797,1823]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">AS</collectingCountry>
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25231,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE6C564FF9B8700FEFA7E3446305B34" box="[276,793,1797,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">The National Collections of Natural History</collectingMunicipality>
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at
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<collectingRegion id="49F991FCFF9B8700FCD37E3446885B34" box="[829,929,1797,1823]" country="Israel" name="Tel Aviv" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Tel Aviv</collectingRegion>
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<location id="8EE209C5FF9B8700FC477E34410F5B34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0394EE08FF9B8707FF797F4346985F79:8EE209C5FF9B8700FC477E34410F5B34" box="[937,1062,1797,1823]" country="American Samoa" county="Gulf of Aqaba" latitude="29.5" longLatPrecision="1226" longitude="34.933334" municipality="The National Collections of Natural History" name="University" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" stateProvince="Tel Aviv">University</location>
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, Israel.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF9B8700FF2A7E1B47CE5BF2" blockId="1.[151,1436,1759,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B949830CFF9B8700FF2A7E1B44F35B6F" bold="true" box="[196,474,1834,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">External appearance.</emphasis>
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Individuals have a somewhat spherical body with long siphons, up to
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<quantity id="4CC5F2FBFF9B8700FAD17E1B40555B6F" box="[1343,1404,1834,1860]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
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in diameter. The test is thick and hard with embedded sand, shell fragments and rubble, grayish in living specimens (
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<figureCitation id="1306439BFF9B8700FECF7E4444415BA4" box="[289,360,1909,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,964,988]" captionText="FIGURE 2. External appearance of Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. scale bar 1 cm." pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). The tunic is unusually thin on both left and right sides of the body of the
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<typeStatus id="5486E1BCFF9B8700FB3C7E4440115BA4" box="[1234,1336,1909,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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because it was in the middle of a clump of other stolidobranchs and tightly adherent to them, with only the siphons and upper part of the body extending above the clump.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF420F96FF988703FF797AF546E35FF0" box="[151,970,964,988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" startId="2.[151,255,964,988]">
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<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF988703FF797AF546E35FF0" blockId="2.[151,970,964,988]" box="[151,970,964,988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B949830CFF988703FF797AF544305FF7" bold="true" box="[151,281,964,988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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External appearance of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF988703FDF27AF447C95FF7" authority="Shenkar & Lambert, 2010" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[540,736,965,988]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B949830CFF988703FDF27AF447C95FF7" box="[540,736,965,988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Boltenia yossiloya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B949830CFF988703FD097AF5460A5FF7" bold="true" box="[743,803,964,988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A3E77FF988703FD097AF5460A5FF7" box="[743,803,964,988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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scale bar 1 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF988703FF2A7D3846965902" blockId="2.[151,1436,1033,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B949830CFF988703FF2A7D3844FC5808" bold="true" box="[196,469,1033,1059]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Internal appearance.</emphasis>
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Both siphons are long, with 4 lobes, and directed anteriorly. The body wall is tightly attached to the whitish tunic lining. The bright orange–red siphons retain their color in formalin. The body musculature is well developed, the predominant pattern consisting of strong circular muscles around the siphons and body wall, overlying numerous wide longitudinal muscles covering the entire body wall (
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<figureCitation id="1306439BFF988703FAD47D4B45955892" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-103@3.[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. Left side; B. right side; B. muscles arrangement on the left side body wall; D. oral tentacle; E. oral siphon inner side; F. stigmata shape. Arrow pointing to: or—oral siphon, at—atrial siphon, gl—gut loop and gd—gonad, scale bar 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361408/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3A, 3B</figureCitation>
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). About 37 longitudinal muscle bands originate from each siphon and extend ventrally and posteriorly, while numerous bands circle the base of each siphon. The longitudinal muscles cross each other and interweave over the body forming a meshwork; posteriorly there are also numerous narrower muscles also interweaving to form a third irregular layer of musculature (
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<figureCitation id="1306439BFF988703FCBB7C3E46985902" box="[853,945,1295,1321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-103@3.[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. Left side; B. right side; B. muscles arrangement on the left side body wall; D. oral tentacle; E. oral siphon inner side; F. stigmata shape. Arrow pointing to: or—oral siphon, at—atrial siphon, gl—gut loop and gd—gonad, scale bar 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361408/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF988703FF287C0541155A22" blockId="2.[151,1436,1033,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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There are about 20 branchial tentacles sparsely branched in two orders (
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<figureCitation id="1306439BFF988703FBAD7C05418F5965" box="[1091,1190,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-103@3.[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. Left side; B. right side; B. muscles arrangement on the left side body wall; D. oral tentacle; E. oral siphon inner side; F. stigmata shape. Arrow pointing to: or—oral siphon, at—atrial siphon, gl—gut loop and gd—gonad, scale bar 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361408/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
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); there are no atrial tentacles. A large velum is present at the base of both siphons and the siphonal lining is thick, white and irregularly ridged (
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<figureCitation id="1306439BFF988703FE627C4E44D959B2" box="[396,496,1407,1433]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-103@3.[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. Left side; B. right side; B. muscles arrangement on the left side body wall; D. oral tentacle; E. oral siphon inner side; F. stigmata shape. Arrow pointing to: or—oral siphon, at—atrial siphon, gl—gut loop and gd—gonad, scale bar 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361408/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
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), without any siphonal spines. The stigmata, diagnostic of the genus, are transversely oriented in longitudinal rows and the longitudinal vessels cross them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF988703FBB17C9541915995" box="[1119,1208,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-103@3.[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. Left side; B. right side; B. muscles arrangement on the left side body wall; D. oral tentacle; E. oral siphon inner side; F. stigmata shape. Arrow pointing to: or—oral siphon, at—atrial siphon, gl—gut loop and gd—gonad, scale bar 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361408/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The branchial sac has six high folds on each side with 12–21 longitudinal vessels on the folds and 4–10 between the folds. The branchial formula of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486E1BCFF988703FE547CDE47095A22" box="[442,544,1519,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (approximately 3.2 cm in width) is:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF988703FF2A7F25462C5A05" blockId="2.[151,1436,1033,2030]" box="[196,773,1556,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">DL 5(20)8(21)8(16)9(16)6(16)6(12)5 E Left side</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF988703FF2A7F0B460D5A7F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1033,2030]" box="[196,804,1594,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">E 5(18)8(20)9(17)9(20)10(18)5(16)4 DL Right side</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF988703FF2A7F6E47565A52" blockId="2.[151,1436,1033,2030]" box="[196,639,1631,1657]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486E1BCFF988703FF2A7F6E44035A52" box="[196,298,1631,1657]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC5F2FBFF988703FE5F7F6E44C25A52" box="[433,491,1631,1657]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
in width) is:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF988703FF2A7FB547BE5AB5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1033,2030]" box="[196,663,1668,1694]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">DL 4(17)4(24)6(22)8(19)8(17)5(12)4 E</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF988702FF2A7F9B45C45CD7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1033,2030]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,252]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The dorsal lamina is composed of numerous short languets; the dorsal tubercle is C-shaped opening to the left (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF988703FF3F7FFE44185AC2" box="[209,305,1743,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,726,750]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,716]" captionTargetId="figure-300@4.[151,1436,184,716]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. dorsal tubercle; B. liver and stomach, scale bar 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) inside a large
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2CC7DBFF988703FE037FFE472B5AC2" box="[493,514,1743,1769]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
with brown pigments (in preserved material) in the peribranchial area. The stomach is short, with numerous longitudinal folds. The liver, about equal in size to the stomach, consists of a large mass of glandular yellowish tubules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF988703FD7D7E2B47D85B1F" box="[659,753,1818,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,726,750]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,716]" captionTargetId="figure-300@4.[151,1436,184,716]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. dorsal tubercle; B. liver and stomach, scale bar 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the secondary intestinal curve there are 2 very small endocarps, one on the outer side and one on the inner side opposite the liver. The short rectum is attached directly and firmly to the branchial sac (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF988703FD247E5446B95B55" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[714,912,1893,1918]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transversaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF988703FD247E5446B95B55" box="[714,912,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">B. transversaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The anus is somewhat flattened into two halves, the rim with about 12 very small lobes and 4 slightly larger lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF988703FC127EBB416D5B8F" box="[1020,1092,1930,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1387,1411]" captionTargetBox="[168,1408,791,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-302@4.[168,1420,791,1378]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. rectal region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361412/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is one gonad on each side comprised of 5 large overlapping blocks of tissue closely but narrowly connected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF988703FB7A7E9E41F25BE2" box="[1172,1243,1967,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,255,994,1018]" captionTargetBox="[506,1073,209,960]" captionTargetId="figure-62@5.[494,1093,194,973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. Left side of body: en- endocarps, gl- gut loop, gd- gonad. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361414/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The left gonad lies diagonally above the secondary gut loop with the last lobe close to the rectum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF988703FB647EE541DF5BC5" box="[1162,1270,2004,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-103@3.[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. Left side; B. right side; B. muscles arrangement on the left side body wall; D. oral tentacle; E. oral siphon inner side; F. stigmata shape. Arrow pointing to: or—oral siphon, at—atrial siphon, gl—gut loop and gd—gonad, scale bar 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361408/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF988703FAED7EE5403D5BC5" box="[1283,1300,2004,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,255,994,1018]" captionTargetBox="[506,1073,209,960]" captionTargetId="figure-62@5.[494,1093,194,973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. Left side of body: en- endocarps, gl- gut loop, gd- gonad. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361414/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The right gonad lies diagonal to the ventral line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF998702FDB079A947905C99" box="[606,697,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-103@3.[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. Left side; B. right side; B. muscles arrangement on the left side body wall; D. oral tentacle; E. oral siphon inner side; F. stigmata shape. Arrow pointing to: or—oral siphon, at—atrial siphon, gl—gut loop and gd—gonad, scale bar 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). A short oviduct and sperm duct, with small brown pigmented spots on them, terminate from the distal end of each gonad, opening close together near the base of the atrial siphon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF420F96FF998702FF797FED470E5B18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361408" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5361408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" startId="3.[151,255,1756,1780]" targetBox="[151,1436,306,1734]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF998702FF797FED470E5B18" blockId="3.[151,1436,1756,1843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF998702FF797FED44335ADF" bold="true" box="[151,282,1756,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF998702FECC7FED44CE5AD8" authority="Shenkar & Lambert, 2010" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[290,487,1756,1779]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF998702FECC7FED44CE5AD8" box="[290,487,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Boltenia yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF998702FE007FED47645ADF" bold="true" box="[494,589,1756,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A3E77FF998702FE007FED47025ADF" box="[494,555,1756,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Left side;
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF998702FD2C7FED47F35ADF" bold="true" box="[706,730,1756,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">B.</emphasis>
|
||
right side;
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF998702FCB87FED46475ADF" bold="true" box="[854,878,1756,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">B.</emphasis>
|
||
muscles arrangement on the left side body wall;
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF998702FA6C7FED40B55ADF" bold="true" box="[1410,1436,1756,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">D.</emphasis>
|
||
oral tentacle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF998702FEC67FCD44695B3F" bold="true" box="[296,320,1788,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">E.</emphasis>
|
||
oral siphon inner side;
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF998702FDD37FCD477D5B3F" bold="true" box="[573,596,1788,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">F.</emphasis>
|
||
stigmata shape. Arrow pointing to: or—oral siphon, at—atrial siphon, gl—gut loop and gd—gonad, scale bar 4 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF420F96FF9E8705FF797BE741885EC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5361410" box="[151,1185,726,750]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361410/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" startId="4.[151,255,726,750]" targetBox="[151,1436,184,716]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF9E8705FF797BE741885EC6" blockId="4.[151,1185,726,750]" box="[151,1185,726,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FF797BE744305EC5" bold="true" box="[151,281,726,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FECE7BE744CD5EC6" authority="Shenkar & Lambert, 2010" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[288,484,726,749]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FECE7BE744CD5EC6" box="[288,484,726,749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Boltenia yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FE057BE7476E5EC5" bold="true" box="[491,583,726,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A3E77FF9E8705FE057BE7470E5EC5" box="[491,551,726,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal tubercle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FD147BE7463B5EC5" bold="true" box="[762,786,726,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">B.</emphasis>
|
||
liver and stomach, scale bar 2.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF420F96FF9E8705FF797C5A479259A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5361412" box="[151,699,1387,1411]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361412/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" startId="4.[151,255,1387,1411]" targetBox="[168,1408,791,1378]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF9E8705FF797C5A479259A9" blockId="4.[151,699,1387,1411]" box="[151,699,1387,1411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FF797C5A443159A8" bold="true" box="[151,280,1387,1411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FECE7C5A44CD59A9" authority="Shenkar & Lambert, 2010" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[288,484,1387,1410]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FECE7C5A44CD59A9" box="[288,484,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Boltenia yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FE057C5A470E59A8" bold="true" box="[491,551,1387,1411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A3E77FF9E8705FE057C5A470E59A8" box="[491,551,1387,1411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
rectal region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3270C95FF9E8707FF2A7C9A46985F79" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF9E8705FF2A7C9A418E5AE0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1451,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FF2A7C9A441459EE" bold="true" box="[196,317,1451,1477]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This new species has some characters in common with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FC397C9D40BE59EE" authority="(Sluiter, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[983,1431,1451,1477]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transversaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FC397C9D41C859EE" box="[983,1249,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Boltenia transversaria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FB1F7C9A40A759EE" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[1265,1422,1451,1477]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref3155" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1904) Die Tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition. Part 1. Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. Siboga-Exped., 56 a, 1 - 126." type="book chapter" year="1904">Sluiter, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Indonesian waters: the body tightly attached to the tunic (not actually a valid feature distinguishing species), the number of branchial folds, and the dorsal lamina description. However, the branchial formulas are quite different. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FDF47F2A47E95A1E" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[538,704,1563,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref3155" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1904) Die Tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition. Part 1. Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. Siboga-Exped., 56 a, 1 - 126." type="book chapter" year="1904">Sluiter (1904)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FD187F2D469C5A1E" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[758,949,1564,1589]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transversaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FD187F2D469C5A1E" box="[758,949,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">B. transversaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486E1BCFF9E8705FC527F2A46C65A1E" box="[956,1007,1563,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC5F2FBFF9E8705FB637F2A41EE5A1E" box="[1165,1223,1563,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
(similar in size to our
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FF2A7F70447B5A71" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[196,338,1601,1626]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FF2A7F70447B5A71" box="[196,338,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">B. yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486E1BCFF9E8705FEB67F7044A55A70" box="[344,396,1601,1627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
|
||
) had 5 broad branchial folds per side each with 10 longitudinal vessels and a smaller fold on each side of the endostyle with only 4 longitudinal vessels, and 4–7 vessels between the folds, a much different and smaller formula than for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FD877FBD47D25A8E" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[617,763,1676,1701]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FD877FBD47D25A8E" box="[617,763,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">B. yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The formulas given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FBC87FBA41C95A8E" author="Tokioka, T." box="[1062,1248,1675,1701]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="205 - 221" refId="ref3188" refString="Tokioka, T. (1960) Contributions to the Japanese ascidian fauna XVII. Ascidians found in the benthonic samples dredged in the Ariake Sea 1957 - 58. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 8, 205 - 221." type="journal article" year="1960">Tokioka (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FAF27FBA45CC5AE0" author="Nishikawa, T." pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="25 - 170" refId="ref2965" refString="Nishikawa, T. (1991) The ascidians of the Japan Sea. II. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 35, 25 - 170." type="journal article" year="1991">Nishikawa (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are not really comparable because the animals they examined were much smaller.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF9E8705FF287FE747855BDE" blockId="4.[151,1436,1451,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FF287FE744895AC4" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[198,416,1750,1775]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FF287FE744895AC4" box="[198,416,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Boltenia yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has strongly developed musculature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF9E8705FC867FE741265ADB" box="[872,1039,1750,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-103@3.[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. Left side; B. right side; B. muscles arrangement on the left side body wall; D. oral tentacle; E. oral siphon inner side; F. stigmata shape. Arrow pointing to: or—oral siphon, at—atrial siphon, gl—gut loop and gd—gonad, scale bar 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3A, B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) similar to Tokioka’s description but in contrast to Sluiter’s remark on the weak musculature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FC777FCD41765B3E" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[921,1119,1788,1813]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transversaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FC777FCD41765B3E" box="[921,1119,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">B. transversaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except on the siphons.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FA6C7FCD44225B11" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FA6C7FCD44225B11" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">B. yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a C-shaped dorsal tubercle opening to the left in contrast to the longitudinally ovate slit described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FED77E7744D15B74" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[313,504,1862,1887]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transversaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FED77E7744D15B74" box="[313,504,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">B. transversaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FDCB7E7747E55B4B" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[549,716,1862,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref3155" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1904) Die Tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition. Part 1. Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. Siboga-Exped., 56 a, 1 - 126." type="book chapter" year="1904">Sluiter (1904)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FD367E7746B25B4B" author="Herdman, W. A." box="[728,923,1862,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="295 - 348" refId="ref2595" refString="Herdman, W. A. (1906) Report on the Tunicata collected by Professor Herdman at Ceylon in 1902. Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fisheries Supplementary Reports, 39, 295 - 348." type="journal article" year="1906">Herdman (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FC3B7E7741A65B4B" author="Tokioka, T." box="[981,1167,1862,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="205 - 221" refId="ref3188" refString="Tokioka, T. (1960) Contributions to the Japanese ascidian fauna XVII. Ascidians found in the benthonic samples dredged in the Ariake Sea 1957 - 58. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 8, 205 - 221." type="journal article" year="1960">Tokioka (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FB757E7740465B4B" author="Nishikawa, T." box="[1179,1391,1862,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="25 - 170" refId="ref2965" refString="Nishikawa, T. (1991) The ascidians of the Japan Sea. II. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 35, 25 - 170." type="journal article" year="1991">Nishikawa (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not include a description of this character.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FD7D7E5D41115BAE" authority="(Linnaeus, 1767)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[659,1080,1899,1925]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="echinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FD7D7E5D464C5BAE" box="[659,869,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Boltenia echinata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FC997E5A41075BAE" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[887,1070,1899,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" refId="ref2630" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema naturae. Stockholm, 3 vols. (Ascidians only in vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 1087, 1089, 1294,1295,1319)." type="book" year="1767">Linnaeus, 1767</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is a cold water species has eight branchial folds and long bushy tunic spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FCD87EA041295B80" author="Van Name, W. G." box="[822,1024,1937,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref3232" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FBE07EA041F35B80" author="Nishikawa, T." box="[1038,1242,1937,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="25 - 170" refId="ref2965" refString="Nishikawa, T. (1991) The ascidians of the Japan Sea. II. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 35, 25 - 170." type="journal article" year="1991">Nishikawa 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FB1E7EA044C15BFB" authority="Monniot and Monniot, 1977" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="1977" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FB1E7EA040B25B81" box="[1264,1435,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Boltenia hirta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FF797E8744C15BFB" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[151,488,1974,2000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="305 - 327" refId="ref2862" refString="Monniot, C., Monniot, F. (1977) Quelques ascidies abyssales du Sud-Ouest de l'Ocean Indien. Comite National Francais des Recherches Antarctiques, 42, 305 - 327." type="journal article" year="1977">Monniot and Monniot, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an abyssal Indian Ocean species that has recently been assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9E8705FF797EED47815BDE" authority="(Sanamyan and Sanamyan 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Sanamyan and Sanamyan" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[151,680,2011,2037]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Hemistyela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9E8705FF797EED44325BDE" box="[151,283,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Hemistyela</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9E8705FEC47EEA47895BDE" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & Sanamyan, N. P." box="[298,672,2011,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="307 - 344" refId="ref3038" refString="Sanamyan, K. E., Sanamyan, N. P. (2006) Deep water ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the North and Western Pacific. Journal of Natural History, 40, 307 - 344." type="journal article" year="2006">Sanamyan and Sanamyan 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF420F96FF9F8704FF797AD3406C5FD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361414" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5361414" box="[151,1349,994,1018]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361414/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" startId="5.[151,255,994,1018]" targetBox="[506,1073,209,960]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF9F8704FF797AD3406C5FD1" blockId="5.[151,1349,994,1018]" box="[151,1349,994,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9F8704FF797AD344315FD1" bold="true" box="[151,280,994,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9F8704FECE7AD244CD5FD1" authority="Shenkar & Lambert, 2010" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[288,484,995,1018]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9F8704FECE7AD244CD5FD1" box="[288,484,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Boltenia yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9F8704FE057AD3470E5FD1" bold="true" box="[491,551,994,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A3E77FF9F8704FE057AD3470E5FD1" box="[491,551,994,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Left side of body: en- endocarps, gl- gut loop, gd- gonad. Scale bar 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF420F96FF9F8704FF797E8645DD5BD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361416" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5361416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361416/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" startId="5.[151,255,1975,1999]" targetBox="[151,1436,1069,1954]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF9F8704FF797E8645DD5BD8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1975,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9F8704FF797E8644305BE4" bold="true" box="[151,281,1975,1999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9F8704FECE7E8944CA5BE4" box="[288,483,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9F8704FECE7E8944C95BE4" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[288,480,1976,1999]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">Boltenia africana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9F8704FE077E86472A5BE4" bold="true" box="[489,515,1975,1999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">A.</emphasis>
|
||
right side gonad;
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9F8704FD2B7E8647F45BE4" bold="true" box="[709,733,1975,1999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">B.</emphasis>
|
||
left side gonad with a part of the gut loop. Photos courtesy of Dr. M. Rius.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF9C8707FF2879A941475EC9" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The most closely related species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FD8279A947D35C9A" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[620,762,152,177]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FD8279A947D35C9A" box="[620,762,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FC4979A9400A5C99" authority="(Millar, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[935,1315,152,178]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FC4979A9415C5C9A" box="[935,1141,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Boltenia africana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9C8707FB6879A940325C99" author="Millar, R. H." box="[1158,1307,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="113 - 221" refId="ref2833" refString="Millar, R. H. (1962) Further description of South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum, 46, 113 - 221." type="journal article" year="1962">Millar, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from the southern coasts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A1F8EFF9C8707FE00798C47A75CFC" box="[494,654,189,215]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which has a similar tunic, dorsal tubercle, number of folds and longitudinal vessels, and musculature arrangement. We were not allowed to borrow the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486E1BCFF9C8707FB0779D3407C5CD7" box="[1257,1365,226,252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FA6C79D345D35D0A" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FA6C79D345D35D0A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SAM
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946EC2FDFF9C8707FEBC7839449B5D09" box="[338,434,264,290]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A25620" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" type="EnaNcbi">A25620</accessionNumber>
|
||
) from the South African Museum but Dr. M. Rius from the University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F991FCFF9C8707FAF87839407B5D09" box="[1302,1362,264,290]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town kindly examined and photographed it for us, and they are clearly separate species. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486E1BCFF9C8707FB7B781C41D25D6C" box="[1173,1275,301,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
measures 4.5 cm in the tunic. The gonads of the two species have a very dissimilar appearance (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF9C8707FB2E7863402D5D47" box="[1216,1284,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1975,1999]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1069,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-66@5.[151,1436,1069,1954]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 7. Boltenia africana. A. right side gonad; B. left side gonad with a part of the gut loop. Photos courtesy of Dr. M. Rius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361416/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF9C8707FAA8786340A55D47" box="[1350,1420,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,255,994,1018]" captionTargetBox="[506,1073,209,960]" captionTargetId="figure-62@5.[494,1093,194,973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. Left side of body: en- endocarps, gl- gut loop, gd- gonad. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361414/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); indeed, the flattened undulating gonads of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FD467849461A5DBA" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[680,819,376,401]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FD467849461A5DBA" box="[680,819,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble those illustrated for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FB437849405C5DBA" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1197,1397,376,401]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transversaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FB437849405C5DBA" box="[1197,1397,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. transversaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9C8707FF7978AC44665D9C" author="Tokioka, T." box="[151,335,413,439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="205 - 221" refId="ref3188" refString="Tokioka, T. (1960) Contributions to the Japanese ascidian fauna XVII. Ascidians found in the benthonic samples dredged in the Ariake Sea 1957 - 58. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 8, 205 - 221." type="journal article" year="1960">Tokioka (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FEB578AC44F65D9D" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[347,479,413,438]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FEB578AC44F65D9D" box="[347,479,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a much more closed and narrow gut loop with the left gonad lying very close to the secondary loop. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FE2E78F347675DF0" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[448,590,450,475]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FE2E78F347675DF0" box="[448,590,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the gut loop is broadly open until the rectal region which lies very close to the esophagus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF9C8707FE8578D9449B5E29" box="[363,434,488,514]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,255,994,1018]" captionTargetBox="[506,1073,209,960]" captionTargetId="figure-62@5.[494,1093,194,973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. Left side of body: en- endocarps, gl- gut loop, gd- gonad. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361414/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the left gonad does not lie closely in the secondary gut loop as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FA6D78D945D35E0D" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FA6D78D945D35E0D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and also clearly visible in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF9C8707FDAC7B3C47AE5E0C" box="[578,647,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1975,1999]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1069,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-66@5.[151,1436,1069,1954]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 7. Boltenia africana. A. right side gonad; B. left side gonad with a part of the gut loop. Photos courtesy of Dr. M. Rius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361416/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) but is rather above it and diagonal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF9C8707FBD27B3C41B25E0C" box="[1084,1179,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-103@3.[151,1436,306,1734]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. A. Left side; B. right side; B. muscles arrangement on the left side body wall; D. oral tentacle; E. oral siphon inner side; F. stigmata shape. Arrow pointing to: or—oral siphon, at—atrial siphon, gl—gut loop and gd—gonad, scale bar 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361408/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are two small endocarps on the secondary intestinal loop in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FD277B0346725E60" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[713,859,562,587]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FD277B0346725E60" box="[713,859,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306439BFF9C8707FC807B0346915E67" box="[878,952,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,255,994,1018]" captionTargetBox="[506,1073,209,960]" captionTargetId="figure-62@5.[494,1093,194,973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Boltenia yossiloya n. sp. Left side of body: en- endocarps, gl- gut loop, gd- gonad. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361414/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) which are apparently not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FA6C7B0344295E5A" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FA6C7B0344295E5A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FEDA7B6944E25E5A" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[308,459,600,625]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FEDA7B6944E25E5A" box="[308,459,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the anus has lobed margins versus the apparently plain margin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FAE17B6940B25E5A" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1295,1435,600,625]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FAE17B6940B25E5A" box="[1295,1435,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9C8707FEAA7B4C44C15EBC" author="Millar, R. H." box="[324,488,637,663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="113 - 221" refId="ref2833" refString="Millar, R. H. (1962) Further description of South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum, 46, 113 - 221." type="journal article" year="1962">Millar (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Rius (pers. comm.). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FCD37B4C46ED5EBD" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[829,964,637,662]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FCD37B4C46ED5EBD" box="[829,964,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the largest oral tentacles are tripinnate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC22EFFF9C8707FF717B9344115E97" author="Millar, R. H." box="[159,312,674,700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="113 - 221" refId="ref2833" refString="Millar, R. H. (1962) Further description of South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum, 46, 113 - 221." type="journal article" year="1962">Millar 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FE557B93477B5E90" authorityName="Shenkar & Lambert" authorityYear="2010" box="[443,594,674,699]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yossiloya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FE557B93477B5E90" box="[443,594,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. yossiloya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is only secondary branching (those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486E1BCFF9C8707FB577B93400F5E97" box="[1209,1318,674,700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
were not described by Rius).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D249DFF9C8707FE6F7BF9472D5ECA" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[385,516,712,737]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Boltenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949830CFF9C8707FE6F7BF9472D5ECA" box="[385,516,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has not been recorded from tropical coral reefs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B825F1EFF9C8707FF287BDC46985F79" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">These specimens were collected only from artificial substrates which makes it difficult to determine whether the species is endemic to the Gulf of Eilat. However, due to its external camouflaged appearance it may be very difficult to spot this animal in the natural environment.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |