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<document id="3BBA8BD53DCE960A1CC5BB23AF1B0AA4" ID-DOI="10.1046/j.1439-0469.2001.00155.x" ID-GBIF-Dataset="95b3d62f-8fcc-4088-873f-b33f4a63d3fc" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2360323" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1545431078479" checkinUser="PlaziZenodoSync" docAuthor="R. G. Beutel &amp; S. N. Gorb" docDate="2001" docId="0394A3592F618E1802BAFBEBFD09FA06" docLanguage="en" docName="j.zool.syst.evol.res.j.1439-0469.2001.00155.x.pdf" docOrigin="J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Research 39" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Coleoptera" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="182" masterDocId="FFADDB212F648E1D022AFFC1FF81FFBA" masterDocTitle="Ultrastructure of attachment specializations of hexapods (Arthropoda): evolutionary patterns inferred from a revised ordinal phylogeny" masterLastPageNumber="207" masterPageNumber="177" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1545061171653" originalUpdateUser="PlaziZenodoSync" pageNumber="182" updateTime="1698553195662" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9C739E92966D6324AF23B03DD25EE729">Ultrastructure of attachment specializations of hexapods (Arthropoda): evolutionary patterns inferred from a revised ordinal phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D736E2C8FE8A1843876B2474EA48D360">R. G. Beutel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B330DB298E71E4C545938D162A450CDF">S. N. Gorb</mods:namePart>
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28 
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<paragraph id="8B82124F2F618E1802BAFB89FD09FA06" blockId="5.[144,782,1066,1468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">
Tarsi are five­segmented in most groups of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D69CC2F618E1800BFFB89FC8BFBE4" box="[661,778,1096,1118]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
. However reduction in number of tarsomeres occurs in several lineages (e.g. Chrysomeloidea). The ventral side of the proximal tarsomeres is covered with a very dense layer of hairs in males or both sexes of many coleopteran species (
<figureCitation id="13060ECA2F618E18007FFB7DFD23FB68" box="[597,674,1212,1234]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="3.[1132,1165,405,424]" captionTargetBox="[149,976,192,769]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[144,979,190,771]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Diversity of the leg attachment devices (gray­colored areas) in hexapods. (a) Arolium (smooth). (b) Pulvilli (smooth or hairy). (c) Empodial pulvillus (ep) (hairy). (d) Hairy adhesive soles of tarsomeres. (e) Eversible pretarsal bladder (smooth). (f) Eversible structure between tibia and tarsus (smooth). (g) Fossula spongiosa (hairy). (h) Euplantulae (eu) and claw pad (cp) (both smooth). (i) Tarsal thorns transformed into adhesive structures (th), claw pad (cp) (both smooth). (j) Adhesive claw setae" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2360333/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13060ECA2F618E180085FB7DFC83FB68" box="[687,770,1212,1234]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="6.[182,215,1652,1671]" captionTargetBox="[212,1447,190,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1447,190,1619]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Details of hexapod tarsi and pretarsi. (A) Coreus marginatus (Heteroptera), hindleg, pretarsus, ventro­lateral aspect. (B) Cantharis fusca (Coleoptera, Polyphaga), hindleg, first and second tarsomeres, ventral aspect. (C, D, F) Priacma serrata (Coleoptera, Archostemata), midleg, tarsus, ventral aspect. (E, I) Sialis lutaria (Megaloptera), midleg, tarsus, ventral aspect. (G) Rhagonycha fulva (Coleoptera, Polyphaga), midleg, tarsus, ventral aspect. (H) Cantharis fusca (Coleoptera, Polyphaga), foreleg, tarsus, adhesive setae. HS, hairy soles; PU, pulvilli; TAR, tarsal segments; UN, claw" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2360347/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">5B,G,H</figureCitation>
). This is considered as a groundplan feature of the order. Tarsal hairs are transformed into larger or smaller suckers in representatives of some aquatic groups of Adephaga such as 
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and 
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. In Priacma serrata (Archostemata), the hairs are branched in a feather­like pattern (
<figureCitation id="13060ECA2F618E1800AAFA8EFC80FADF" box="[640,769,1359,1381]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="6.[182,215,1652,1671]" captionTargetBox="[212,1447,190,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1447,190,1619]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Details of hexapod tarsi and pretarsi. (A) Coreus marginatus (Heteroptera), hindleg, pretarsus, ventro­lateral aspect. (B) Cantharis fusca (Coleoptera, Polyphaga), hindleg, first and second tarsomeres, ventral aspect. (C, D, F) Priacma serrata (Coleoptera, Archostemata), midleg, tarsus, ventral aspect. (E, I) Sialis lutaria (Megaloptera), midleg, tarsus, ventral aspect. (G) Rhagonycha fulva (Coleoptera, Polyphaga), midleg, tarsus, ventral aspect. (H) Cantharis fusca (Coleoptera, Polyphaga), foreleg, tarsus, adhesive setae. HS, hairy soles; PU, pulvilli; TAR, tarsal segments; UN, claw" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2360347/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Fig. 5C,D,F</figureCitation>
). Arolium, pulvilli, and euplantulae are absent from adults and most larvae of 
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. An arolium­like structure is present in larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D69CC2F618E180326FA67FD05FA06" authority="(Gannon et al. 1994)" authorityName="Gannon et al." authorityYear="1994" box="[268,644,1446,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Chrysomelidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC6FBE2F618E180399FA67FDFCFA06" author="Gannon, A. J. &amp; Bach, C. E. &amp; Walker, G." box="[435,637,1446,1468]" journalOrPublisher="Great Lakes Entomol." pageId="5" pageNumber="182" pagination="89 - 101" part="27" refId="ref12367" refString="Gannon, A. J.; Bach, C. E.; Walker, G., 1994: Feeding patterns and attachment ability of Altica subplicata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on sand-dune willow. Great Lakes Entomol. 27, 89 - 101." title="Feeding patterns and attachment ability of Altica subplicata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on sand-dune willow" type="journal article" year="1994">Gannon et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
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