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<document id="272680FADDC30F9E3A1297042279AE08" ID-DOI="10.1515/aemnp-2017-0097" ID-ISSN="0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5318416" ID-ZooBank="638421F2-985E-43CC-8438-E871F96B1DB8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630129638815" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Magoga, Giulia, Montagna, Matteo, Marziali, Laura, Rossaro, Bruno &amp; Disaa" docDate="2017" docId="039435190B46C87AFEFDFF62FEC55AEE" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2017.57.2.723-749.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 57 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0097" docStyle="DocumentStyle:60E99616ED1F2F5EE637DA5E5309A4D2.7:ActaEntMusNatPra.2017.journal_article" docStyleId="60E99616ED1F2F5EE637DA5E5309A4D2" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2017.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) skirwithensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="726" masterDocId="FFAD4D610B45C879FFFFFFB9FD53590D" masterDocTitle="Revision of type and non-type material assigned to the genus Orthocladius by Goetghebuer (1940 - 1950), deposited in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Diptera: Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="749" masterPageNumber="723" pageNumber="726" updateTime="1699162318611" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E104C36AF587F5D922E1691329D54B18">Revision of type and non-type material assigned to the genus Orthocladius by Goetghebuer (1940 - 1950), deposited in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Diptera: Chironomidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A007BDCBD61774A1B880D9BD6815BDA">Magoga, Giulia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5EB8988A766C874BED7F17E391AE1257">) &amp;) &amp;) Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali (DISAA), via Celoria 2, I 20133, Milano, Italia; e-mails: giulia. magoga @ unimi. it; matteo. montagna @ unimi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4D807CB4C0016C362FC567BC7F870F05">Montagna, Matteo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="406BDFFCD12E8D2D7B3098D5D5E5B291">) &amp;) &amp;) Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali (DISAA), via Celoria 2, I 20133, Milano, Italia; e-mails: giulia. magoga @ unimi. it; matteo. montagna @ unimi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="84F3B2D317835E8A0FE69248377F8279">Marziali, Laura</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="362DC29FFB8BB14D09FC390CE591FA56">) &amp;) Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino 19, I 20861 Brugherio (MB), Italy; e-mail: marziali @ irsa. cnr. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D416634446FCB3D82107A38E91D4EC6F">Rossaro, Bruno</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="489F910693D4307BFAC155B7FC704E29">) &amp;) Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e lAmbiente (DeFENS), Via Celoria 2, I 20133 Milan, Italy; e-mail: bruno. rossaro @ unimi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="28D12E56DCE1C1DA4EEC40DD467BBE0C">Disaa</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039435190B46C87AFEFDFF62FEC55AEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039435190B46C87AFEFDFF62FEC55AEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039435190B46C87AFEFDFF62FEC55AEE" lastPageNumber="726" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<subSubSection id="C327D7840B46C87AFEFDFF62FEFC59FE" box="[258,943,219,243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFEFDFF62FEFC59FE" blockId="3.[258,943,219,243]" box="[258,943,219,243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<heading id="D0CA33630B46C87AFEFDFF62FEFC59FE" bold="true" box="[258,943,219,243]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFEFDFF62FEFC59FE" ID-CoL="9HHW5" authority="(Edwards, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[258,943,219,243]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cricotopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFEFDFF62FEFC59FE" bold="true" box="[258,943,219,243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFEFDFF62FC2959FE" bold="true" box="[258,378,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Cricotopus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE75FF62FF1C59FE" bold="true" box="[394,591,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Paratrichocladius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDA1FF62FFBD59FE" bold="true" box="[606,750,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
(Edwards, 1929)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFEB8FFDF5819" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" box="[113,652,257,276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFF8EFEB8FFDB5819" ID-CoL="8F3H6" authority="Edwards, 1929: 329" authorityName="Edwards" authorityPageNumber="329" authorityYear="1929" box="[113,648,257,276]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Trichocladius">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFEB8FD845819" box="[113,215,257,276]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Spaniotoma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF1BFEB8FC0A5819" box="[228,345,257,276]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Trichocladius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE9AFEB8FC875819" box="[357,468,257,276]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
Edwards, 1929: 329
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFEA5FC9E5847" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFF8EFEA5FCA65822" ID-CoL="88TGX" authority="Goetghebuer, 1938: 459" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityPageNumber="459" authorityYear="1938" box="[113,501,284,303]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFEA5FC745822" box="[113,295,284,303]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Orthocladius nigritus</emphasis>
Goetghebuer, 1938: 459
</taxonomicName>
not
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFDE7FEA5FE2B5822" ID-CoL="88TGX" authority="Malloch, 1915: 525" authorityName="Malloch" authorityPageNumber="525" authorityYear="1915" box="[536,888,284,303]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDE7FEA5FF9D5822" box="[536,718,284,303]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Orthocladius nigritus</emphasis>
Malloch, 1915: 525
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFC80FEA5FE9F5822" bold="true" box="[895,972,284,303]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27AE5660B46C87AFC80FEA5FE9F5822" box="[895,972,284,303]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(permanently invalid as junior primary homonym).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327D7840B46C87AFF8EFEE8FE695872" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFEE8FE055869" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" box="[113,854,337,356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFF7FFEE8FCBB5869" authority="(Goetghebuer)" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[128,488,337,356]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF7FFEE8FC305869" box="[128,355,337,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Paratrichocladius nigritus</emphasis>
(Goetghebuer)
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFE0FFEE8FF9C5869" author="LANGTON P. H. &amp; VISSER H." box="[496,719,337,356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref10193" refString="LANGTON P. H. &amp; VISSER H. 2003: Chironomidae exuviae. A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. World Biodiversity Database. CD-ROM Ser.; ETI, Amsterdam." type="book" year="2003">LANGTON &amp; VISSER (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, pupal exuviae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFED5FE695872" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" box="[113,826,364,383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFF7FFED5FCBB5872" authority="(Goetghebuer)" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[128,488,364,383]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF7FFED5FC305872" box="[128,355,364,383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Paratrichocladius nigritus</emphasis>
(Goetghebuer)
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFE0FFED5FF825872" author="LANGTON P. H. &amp; PINDER L. C. V." box="[496,721,364,383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref10148" refString="LANGTON P. H. &amp; PINDER L. C. V. 2007: Keys to the adult male Chironomidae of Britain and Ireland. Freshwater Biological Association, Scient. Publ. 64 (2 volumes): 239 + 168 pp." type="book" year="2007">LANGTON &amp; PINDER (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, adult male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327D7840B46C87AFF8EFE3EFC1358B9" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFE3EFC1358B9" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2DA3210B46C87AFF8EFE3EFC1358B9" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9CA21E0B46C87AFF8EFE3EFF075897" author="ASHE P. &amp; O'CONNOR J. P." box="[113,596,391,410]" page="492" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" year="2012">
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFF8EFE3EFF075897" authority="Ashe &amp; O'Connor, 2012: 492" authorityName="Ashe &amp; O'Connor" authorityPageNumber="492" authorityYear="2012" box="[113,596,391,410]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiesi">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFE3EFC165897" box="[113,325,391,410]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Paratrichocladius spiesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFEB4FE3EFF075897" author="ASHE P. &amp; O'CONNOR J. P." box="[331,596,391,410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref9623" refString="ASHE P. &amp; O'CONNOR J. P. 2012: A World Catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera) Part 2. Orthocladiinae. The Irish Biographical Society and National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, 968 pp." type="book" year="2012">Ashe &amp; OConnor, 2012: 492</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDA0FE3EFFE25897" bold="true" box="[607,689,391,410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27AE5660B46C87AFDA0FE3EFFE25897" box="[607,689,391,410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFC79FE3EFC6558B9" ID-CoL="88TGX" authority="Goetghebuer, 1938" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFC79FE3EF9135897" box="[902,1088,391,410]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Orthocladius nigritus</emphasis>
Goetghebuer, 1938
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327D7840B46C87AFF8EFE72FCD35B19" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFE72F91258D3" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" box="[113,1089,453,478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFE72FC0058D3" bold="true" box="[113,339,459,478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFEA6FE72FF4258D3" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1938" box="[345,529,459,478]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFEA6FE72FF4258D3" box="[345,529,459,478]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Orthocladius nigritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="54863AAD0B46C87AFDE3FE72FF2358D1" box="[540,624,459,478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: ♁ stored in isinglass, now mounted on slide, labelled
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFE5FF91258F4" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" box="[113,1089,479,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFF87FE5FFC6358F4" authority="Magoga &amp; Montagna &amp; Marziali &amp; Rossaro &amp; Disaa, 2017" authorityName="Magoga &amp; Montagna &amp; Marziali &amp; Rossaro &amp; Disaa" authorityYear="2017" box="[120,304,486,505]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF87FE5FFC6358F4" box="[120,304,486,505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Orthocladius nigritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27AE5660B46C87AFECAFE5FFC3058F4" box="[309,355,486,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
//
<typeStatus id="54863AAD0B46C87AFE87FE5FFCCE58F4" box="[376,413,486,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">type</typeStatus>
♁ / M. Goetghebuer // locality Basse
<collectingCountry id="F32AC49F0B46C87AFD23FE5FFE7458F4" box="[732,807,486,505]" name="Austria" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Autriche</collectingCountry>
1938, t 23°//
<collectionCode id="ED2C1CCA0B46C87AFC66FE5FFEF958F4" box="[921,938,486,505]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">R</collectionCode>
.I.SC.N.B. 18.073
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFDB8FCD35B19" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" box="[113,384,513,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">/ Coll. et det. M. Goetghebuer.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327D7840B46C87AFF8EFD95FEC55AEE" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFD95FEC55AEE" blockId="3.[113,1089,556,995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFD95FDA05B4E" bold="true" box="[113,243,556,579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Comments.</emphasis>
The specimen fits well with
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDCEFD95FF195B4E" box="[561,586,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFDADFD95FE9E5B4E" authority="(Edwards, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[594,973,556,579]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
(
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDA4FD95FF385B4E" box="[603,619,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFD7CFD95FE5D5B4E" box="[643,782,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
(Edwards, 1929)
</taxonomicName>
; therefore, we propose to synonymize
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFE67FDF5FF8C5B6E" authority="Goetghebuer, 1938" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1938" box="[408,735,588,611]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE67FDF5FF5F5B6E" box="[408,524,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">O. nigritus</emphasis>
Goetghebuer, 1938
</taxonomicName>
(not Malloch, 1915) with
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFC03FDF5FDAF5B8E" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFC03FDF5F9475B6E" box="[1020,1044,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFBDBFDF5F96A5B6E" box="[1060,1081,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFDD5FDAF5B8E" box="[113,252,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Consequently, its replacement name
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFD61FDD5F95F5B8E" authority="Ashe &amp; O'Connor, 2012" authorityName="Ashe &amp; O'Connor" authorityYear="2012" box="[670,1036,620,643]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiesi">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFD61FDD5FFA45B8E" box="[670,759,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P. spiesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFD00FDD5F95F5B8E" author="ASHE P. &amp; O'CONNOR J. P." box="[767,1036,620,643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref9623" refString="ASHE P. &amp; O'CONNOR J. P. 2012: A World Catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera) Part 2. Orthocladiinae. The Irish Biographical Society and National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, 968 pp." type="book" year="2012">Ashe &amp; OConnor, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
also becomes a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFE4BFD35FFD85BAE" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[436,651,652,675]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE4BFD35FC9E5BAE" box="[436,461,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE22FD35FCA25BAE" box="[477,497,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDFFFD35FFD85BAE" box="[512,651,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFD66FD35FEFD5BAE" author="LANGTON P. H. &amp; VISSER H." box="[665,942,652,675]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref10193" refString="LANGTON P. H. &amp; VISSER H. 2003: Chironomidae exuviae. A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. World Biodiversity Database. CD-ROM Ser.; ETI, Amsterdam." type="book" year="2003">LANGTON &amp; VISSER (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFC1DFD35FC4C5BCE" author="LANGTON P. H. &amp; PINDER L. C. V." pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref10148" refString="LANGTON P. H. &amp; PINDER L. C. V. 2007: Keys to the adult male Chironomidae of Britain and Ireland. Freshwater Biological Association, Scient. Publ. 64 (2 volumes): 239 + 168 pp." type="book" year="2007">LANGTON &amp; PINDER (2007)</bibRefCitation>
separated the respective pupae and adult male of
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFCD9FD15FC5E5BEE" authority="(Goetghebuer)" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFCD9FD15F9125BCE" box="[806,1089,684,707]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Paratrichocladius nigritus</emphasis>
(Goetghebuer)
</taxonomicName>
and of
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFEA1FD75FF2E5BEE" authority="(Edwards)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[350,637,716,739]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFEA1FD75FF505BEE" box="[350,515,716,739]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P. skirwithensis</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, the delimitation of species within the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFEA4FD55FF735A0E" authorityName="Santos Abreu" authorityYear="1918" box="[347,544,748,771]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFEA4FD55FF735A0E" box="[347,544,748,771]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Paratrichocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still controversial, many species are probably present, but morphological evidence should be supported by DNA sequences, because of intraspecific variability (
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFE8AFC95FFC35A4E" author="CRANSTON P. S. &amp; KROSCH M. N." box="[373,656,812,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" pagination="719 - 732" refId="ref9662" refString="CRANSTON P. S. &amp; KROSCH M. N. 2015: DNA sequences and austral taxa indicate generic synonymy of Paratrichocladius Santos-Abreu with Cricotopus Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae). Systematic Entomology 40: 719 - 732." type="journal article" year="2015">CRANSTON &amp; KROSCH 2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFD65FC95FED55A4E" author="MONTAGNA M. &amp; MEREGHETTI V. &amp; LENCIONI V. &amp; ROSSARO B." box="[666,902,812,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref10230" refString="MONTAGNA M., MEREGHETTI V., LENCIONI V. &amp; ROSSARO B. 2016: Integrated taxonomy and DNA barcoding of alpine midges (Diptera: Chironomidae). PLOS ONE 11 (e 0149673): 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2016">MONTAGNA et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The small differences described in pupal exuviae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFE18FCF5FFBF5A6E" author="LANGTON P. H. &amp; VISSER H." box="[487,748,844,867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref10193" refString="LANGTON P. H. &amp; VISSER H. 2003: Chironomidae exuviae. A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. World Biodiversity Database. CD-ROM Ser.; ETI, Amsterdam." type="book" year="2003">LANGTON &amp; VISSER 2003</bibRefCitation>
) do not justify the separation of two species, and this is supported by the examination of the adult male of
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFC7FFCD5FEAA5A8E" box="[896,1017,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFC7FFCD5FEA65A8E" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[896,1013,876,899]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">O. nigritus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which cannot be separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFE81FC35FF025AAE" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[382,593,908,931]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE81FC35FCC45AAE" box="[382,407,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE5BFC35FCEA5AAE" box="[420,441,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE39FC35FF025AAE" box="[454,593,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is thus not recommended to increase species names and the present decision of synonymizing
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFD83FC15FE925ACE" authority="sensu Goetghebuer" authorityName="Goetghebuer" box="[636,961,940,963]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFD83FC15FFBC5ACE" box="[636,751,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">O. nigritus</emphasis>
sensu Goetghebuer
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFC02FC15FDAF5AEE" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFC02FC15F9465ACE" box="[1021,1045,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFBDBFC15F96A5ACE" box="[1060,1081,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFC75FDAF5AEE" box="[113,252,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
results in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFDDAFC75FF2F5AEE" authorityName="Ashe &amp; O'Connor" authorityYear="2012" box="[549,636,972,995]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiesi">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDDAFC75FF2F5AEE" box="[549,636,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P. spiesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFD46FC75FEDC5AEE" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[697,911,972,995]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFD46FC75FF825AEE" box="[697,721,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFD1EFC75FFA65AEE" box="[737,757,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFCFBFC75FEDC5AEE" box="[772,911,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>