294 lines
30 KiB
XML
294 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E104C36AF587F5D922E1691329D54B18">Revision of type and non-type material assigned to the genus Orthocladius by Goetghebuer (1940 - 1950), deposited in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Diptera: Chironomidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A007BDCBD61774A1B880D9BD6815BDA">Magoga, Giulia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5EB8988A766C874BED7F17E391AE1257">) &) &) Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali (DISAA), via Celoria 2, I 20133, Milano, Italia; e-mails: giulia. magoga @ unimi. it; matteo. montagna @ unimi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="73F0A0085A01314CCC9124C59F45A37E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4D807CB4C0016C362FC567BC7F870F05">Montagna, Matteo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="406BDFFCD12E8D2D7B3098D5D5E5B291">) &) &) Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali (DISAA), via Celoria 2, I 20133, Milano, Italia; e-mails: giulia. magoga @ unimi. it; matteo. montagna @ unimi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="94E3FF94FDEAB5248BB16C355AE73013" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3D332B9C8F28A06ED58923978A73EFD1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="84F3B2D317835E8A0FE69248377F8279">Marziali, Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="362DC29FFB8BB14D09FC390CE591FA56">) &) Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino 19, I 20861 Brugherio (MB), Italy; e-mail: marziali @ irsa. cnr. it</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D416634446FCB3D82107A38E91D4EC6F">Rossaro, Bruno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="489F910693D4307BFAC155B7FC704E29">) &) Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Via Celoria 2, I 20133 Milan, Italy; e-mail: bruno. rossaro @ unimi. it</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="28D12E56DCE1C1DA4EEC40DD467BBE0C">Disaa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A44ED5C422EA6DC089F1F43A16717027">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3047A80BD5A958350A925889C919E967">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="950FEB1E055279F284E0CAD1CA03FC44">
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<mods:date id="4EF884192869AA37FB93816F2680BF0F">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="CEB57773E6623478832DF8C651772BA4">Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="3C271BFC1C709D05C6026DA6555CE85C">2017-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B8DA4E6C3B7466DEDDD3EDDA414B2DA2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="949FC39B8598CE779C288206CA333494">57</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="446F3AFDF1DCC715013BE78F52150729" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5DE310986D6409250423A346DE71D1CE">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="91949BFE21F0DBF08EB84CF4B7CA3D96">723</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="D94DBF62943B4F8E5FAD00DF450C670C">749</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="E1AAC0C4A3E9ED9D0FB6B23DA95D8945">http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0097</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5763743DB8F60087A6B9EF47320577B2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C53769BB9F2F7FB242D0F60FB0C97B92" type="DOI">10.1515/aemnp-2017-0097</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BCA0D67D86FAF7319ADE02B5BEB72CBD" type="ISSN">0374-1036</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="222A6A60C61687B743C33CEDB092BAB9" type="Zenodo-Dep">5318416</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="039435190B46C87AFEFDFF62FEC55AEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039435190B46C87AFEFDFF62FEC55AEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039435190B46C87AFEFDFF62FEC55AEE" lastPageNumber="726" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
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<subSubSection id="C327D7840B46C87AFEFDFF62FEFC59FE" box="[258,943,219,243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFEFDFF62FEFC59FE" blockId="3.[258,943,219,243]" box="[258,943,219,243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
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<heading id="D0CA33630B46C87AFEFDFF62FEFC59FE" bold="true" box="[258,943,219,243]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFEFDFF62FEFC59FE" ID-CoL="9HHW5" authority="(Edwards, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[258,943,219,243]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cricotopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
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||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFEFDFF62FEFC59FE" bold="true" box="[258,943,219,243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
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<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFEFDFF62FC2959FE" bold="true" box="[258,378,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Cricotopus</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE75FF62FF1C59FE" bold="true" box="[394,591,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Paratrichocladius</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDA1FF62FFBD59FE" bold="true" box="[606,750,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
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||
(Edwards, 1929)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C327D7840B46C87AFF8EFEB8FC9E5847" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFEB8FFDF5819" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" box="[113,652,257,276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFF8EFEB8FFDB5819" ID-CoL="8F3H6" authority="Edwards, 1929: 329" authorityName="Edwards" authorityPageNumber="329" authorityYear="1929" box="[113,648,257,276]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Trichocladius">
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||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFEB8FD845819" box="[113,215,257,276]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Spaniotoma</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF1BFEB8FC0A5819" box="[228,345,257,276]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Trichocladius</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE9AFEB8FC875819" box="[357,468,257,276]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
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Edwards, 1929: 329
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFEA5FC9E5847" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFF8EFEA5FCA65822" ID-CoL="88TGX" authority="Goetghebuer, 1938: 459" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityPageNumber="459" authorityYear="1938" box="[113,501,284,303]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
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||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFEA5FC745822" box="[113,295,284,303]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Orthocladius nigritus</emphasis>
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Goetghebuer, 1938: 459
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
not
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<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFDE7FEA5FE2B5822" ID-CoL="88TGX" authority="Malloch, 1915: 525" authorityName="Malloch" authorityPageNumber="525" authorityYear="1915" box="[536,888,284,303]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
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||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDE7FEA5FF9D5822" box="[536,718,284,303]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Orthocladius nigritus</emphasis>
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Malloch, 1915: 525
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFC80FEA5FE9F5822" bold="true" box="[895,972,284,303]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27AE5660B46C87AFC80FEA5FE9F5822" box="[895,972,284,303]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
(permanently invalid as junior primary homonym).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C327D7840B46C87AFF8EFEE8FE695872" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFEE8FE055869" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" box="[113,854,337,356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
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||
?
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<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFF7FFEE8FCBB5869" authority="(Goetghebuer)" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[128,488,337,356]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
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||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF7FFEE8FC305869" box="[128,355,337,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Paratrichocladius nigritus</emphasis>
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(Goetghebuer)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFE0FFEE8FF9C5869" author="LANGTON P. H. & VISSER H." box="[496,719,337,356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref10193" refString="LANGTON P. H. & VISSER H. 2003: Chironomidae exuviae. A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. World Biodiversity Database. CD-ROM Ser.; ETI, Amsterdam." type="book" year="2003">LANGTON & VISSER (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pupal exuviae.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFED5FE695872" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" box="[113,826,364,383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
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||
?
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFF7FFED5FCBB5872" authority="(Goetghebuer)" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[128,488,364,383]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF7FFED5FC305872" box="[128,355,364,383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Paratrichocladius nigritus</emphasis>
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||
(Goetghebuer)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFE0FFED5FF825872" author="LANGTON P. H. & PINDER L. C. V." box="[496,721,364,383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref10148" refString="LANGTON P. H. & PINDER L. C. V. 2007: Keys to the adult male Chironomidae of Britain and Ireland. Freshwater Biological Association, Scient. Publ. 64 (2 volumes): 239 + 168 pp." type="book" year="2007">LANGTON & PINDER (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, adult male.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327D7840B46C87AFF8EFE3EFC1358B9" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFE3EFC1358B9" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2DA3210B46C87AFF8EFE3EFC1358B9" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9CA21E0B46C87AFF8EFE3EFF075897" author="ASHE P. & O'CONNOR J. P." box="[113,596,391,410]" page="492" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" year="2012">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFF8EFE3EFF075897" authority="Ashe & O'Connor, 2012: 492" authorityName="Ashe & O'Connor" authorityPageNumber="492" authorityYear="2012" box="[113,596,391,410]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFE3EFC165897" box="[113,325,391,410]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Paratrichocladius spiesi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFEB4FE3EFF075897" author="ASHE P. & O'CONNOR J. P." box="[331,596,391,410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref9623" refString="ASHE P. & O'CONNOR J. P. 2012: A World Catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera) Part 2. Orthocladiinae. The Irish Biographical Society and National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, 968 pp." type="book" year="2012">Ashe & O’Connor, 2012: 492</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDA0FE3EFFE25897" bold="true" box="[607,689,391,410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27AE5660B46C87AFDA0FE3EFFE25897" box="[607,689,391,410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFC79FE3EFC6558B9" ID-CoL="88TGX" authority="Goetghebuer, 1938" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFC79FE3EF9135897" box="[902,1088,391,410]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Orthocladius nigritus</emphasis>
|
||
Goetghebuer, 1938
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327D7840B46C87AFF8EFE72FCD35B19" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFE72F91258D3" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" box="[113,1089,453,478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFE72FC0058D3" bold="true" box="[113,339,459,478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Type material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFEA6FE72FF4258D3" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1938" box="[345,529,459,478]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFEA6FE72FF4258D3" box="[345,529,459,478]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Orthocladius nigritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54863AAD0B46C87AFDE3FE72FF2358D1" box="[540,624,459,478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
: ♁ stored in isinglass, now mounted on slide, labelled
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFE5FF91258F4" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" box="[113,1089,479,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
|
||
‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFF87FE5FFC6358F4" authority="Magoga & Montagna & Marziali & Rossaro & Disaa, 2017" authorityName="Magoga & Montagna & Marziali & Rossaro & Disaa" authorityYear="2017" box="[120,304,486,505]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF87FE5FFC6358F4" box="[120,304,486,505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Orthocladius nigritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27AE5660B46C87AFECAFE5FFC3058F4" box="[309,355,486,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
//
|
||
<typeStatus id="54863AAD0B46C87AFE87FE5FFCCE58F4" box="[376,413,486,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">type</typeStatus>
|
||
♁ / M. Goetghebuer // locality Basse
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AC49F0B46C87AFD23FE5FFE7458F4" box="[732,807,486,505]" name="Austria" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Autriche</collectingCountry>
|
||
1938, t 23°//
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2C1CCA0B46C87AFC66FE5FFEF958F4" box="[921,938,486,505]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.I.SC.N.B. 18.073
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFDB8FCD35B19" blockId="3.[113,1089,257,532]" box="[113,384,513,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">/ Coll. et det. M. Goetghebuer’.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327D7840B46C87AFF8EFD95FEC55AEE" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82840F0B46C87AFF8EFD95FEC55AEE" blockId="3.[113,1089,556,995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFD95FDA05B4E" bold="true" box="[113,243,556,579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimen fits well with
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDCEFD95FF195B4E" box="[561,586,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">C.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFDADFD95FE9E5B4E" authority="(Edwards, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[594,973,556,579]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDA4FD95FF385B4E" box="[603,619,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFD7CFD95FE5D5B4E" box="[643,782,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Edwards, 1929)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; therefore, we propose to synonymize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFE67FDF5FF8C5B6E" authority="Goetghebuer, 1938" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1938" box="[408,735,588,611]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE67FDF5FF5F5B6E" box="[408,524,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">O. nigritus</emphasis>
|
||
Goetghebuer, 1938
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not Malloch, 1915) with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFC03FDF5FDAF5B8E" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFC03FDF5F9475B6E" box="[1020,1044,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">C.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFBDBFDF5F96A5B6E" box="[1060,1081,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFDD5FDAF5B8E" box="[113,252,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Consequently, its replacement name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFD61FDD5F95F5B8E" authority="Ashe & O'Connor, 2012" authorityName="Ashe & O'Connor" authorityYear="2012" box="[670,1036,620,643]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFD61FDD5FFA45B8E" box="[670,759,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P. spiesi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFD00FDD5F95F5B8E" author="ASHE P. & O'CONNOR J. P." box="[767,1036,620,643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref9623" refString="ASHE P. & O'CONNOR J. P. 2012: A World Catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera) Part 2. Orthocladiinae. The Irish Biographical Society and National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, 968 pp." type="book" year="2012">Ashe & O’Connor, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also becomes a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFE4BFD35FFD85BAE" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[436,651,652,675]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE4BFD35FC9E5BAE" box="[436,461,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">C.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE22FD35FCA25BAE" box="[477,497,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDFFFD35FFD85BAE" box="[512,651,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFD66FD35FEFD5BAE" author="LANGTON P. H. & VISSER H." box="[665,942,652,675]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref10193" refString="LANGTON P. H. & VISSER H. 2003: Chironomidae exuviae. A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. World Biodiversity Database. CD-ROM Ser.; ETI, Amsterdam." type="book" year="2003">LANGTON & VISSER (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFC1DFD35FC4C5BCE" author="LANGTON P. H. & PINDER L. C. V." pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref10148" refString="LANGTON P. H. & PINDER L. C. V. 2007: Keys to the adult male Chironomidae of Britain and Ireland. Freshwater Biological Association, Scient. Publ. 64 (2 volumes): 239 + 168 pp." type="book" year="2007">LANGTON & PINDER (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
separated the respective pupae and adult male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFCD9FD15FC5E5BEE" authority="(Goetghebuer)" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFCD9FD15F9125BCE" box="[806,1089,684,707]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Paratrichocladius nigritus</emphasis>
|
||
(Goetghebuer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFEA1FD75FF2E5BEE" authority="(Edwards)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[350,637,716,739]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFEA1FD75FF505BEE" box="[350,515,716,739]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P. skirwithensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Edwards)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, the delimitation of species within the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFEA4FD55FF735A0E" authorityName="Santos Abreu" authorityYear="1918" box="[347,544,748,771]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFEA4FD55FF735A0E" box="[347,544,748,771]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Paratrichocladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is still controversial, many species are probably present, but morphological evidence should be supported by DNA sequences, because of intraspecific variability (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFE8AFC95FFC35A4E" author="CRANSTON P. S. & KROSCH M. N." box="[373,656,812,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" pagination="719 - 732" refId="ref9662" refString="CRANSTON P. S. & KROSCH M. N. 2015: DNA sequences and austral taxa indicate generic synonymy of Paratrichocladius Santos-Abreu with Cricotopus Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae). Systematic Entomology 40: 719 - 732." type="journal article" year="2015">CRANSTON & KROSCH 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFD65FC95FED55A4E" author="MONTAGNA M. & MEREGHETTI V. & LENCIONI V. & ROSSARO B." box="[666,902,812,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref10230" refString="MONTAGNA M., MEREGHETTI V., LENCIONI V. & ROSSARO B. 2016: Integrated taxonomy and DNA barcoding of alpine midges (Diptera: Chironomidae). PLOS ONE 11 (e 0149673): 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2016">MONTAGNA et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The small differences described in pupal exuviae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFACF9FE0B46C87AFE18FCF5FFBF5A6E" author="LANGTON P. H. & VISSER H." box="[487,748,844,867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" refId="ref10193" refString="LANGTON P. H. & VISSER H. 2003: Chironomidae exuviae. A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. World Biodiversity Database. CD-ROM Ser.; ETI, Amsterdam." type="book" year="2003">LANGTON & VISSER 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) do not justify the separation of two species, and this is supported by the examination of the adult male of
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFC7FFCD5FEAA5A8E" box="[896,1017,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFC7FFCD5FEA65A8E" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[896,1013,876,899]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">O. nigritus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which cannot be separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFE81FC35FF025AAE" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[382,593,908,931]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE81FC35FCC45AAE" box="[382,407,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">C.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE5BFC35FCEA5AAE" box="[420,441,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFE39FC35FF025AAE" box="[454,593,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is thus not recommended to increase species names and the present decision of synonymizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFD83FC15FE925ACE" authority="sensu Goetghebuer" authorityName="Goetghebuer" box="[636,961,940,963]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFD83FC15FFBC5ACE" box="[636,751,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">O. nigritus</emphasis>
|
||
sensu Goetghebuer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFC02FC15FDAF5AEE" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFC02FC15F9465ACE" box="[1021,1045,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">C.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFBDBFC15F96A5ACE" box="[1060,1081,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFF8EFC75FDAF5AEE" box="[113,252,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
results in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFDDAFC75FF2F5AEE" authorityName="Ashe & O'Connor" authorityYear="2012" box="[549,636,972,995]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrichocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFDDAFC75FF2F5AEE" box="[549,636,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P. spiesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3DFF8C0B46C87AFD46FC75FEDC5AEE" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[697,911,972,995]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skirwithensis" subGenus="Paratrichocladius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFD46FC75FF825AEE" box="[697,721,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">C.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFD1EFC75FFA65AEE" box="[737,757,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B949581D0B46C87AFCFBFC75FEDC5AEE" box="[772,911,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">skirwithensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |