430 lines
47 KiB
XML
430 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5231.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7571485" ID-ZooBank="9C66A388-C221-4D17-B2AA-F9EB7F1EC940" checkinTime="1674711822273" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kraus, Fred" docDate="2023" docId="0381A239FFFAFFDE7E8DFC84FC44F86E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5231.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5231 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5231.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gerrhopilus lorealis Kraus 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFB8DA41FFF4FFD17E1AFFE2FFBAFFD7" masterDocTitle="A revision of Gerrhopilus inornatus (Squamata: Gerrhopilidae) reveals a multi-species complex" masterLastPageNumber="23" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1674753466069" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of Gerrhopilus inornatus (Squamata: Gerrhopilidae) reveals a multi-species complex</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U. S. A</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-01-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5231</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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||
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>23</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5231.1.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5231.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7571485</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9C66A388-C221-4D17-B2AA-F9EB7F1EC940</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381A239FFFAFFDE7E8DFC84FC44F86E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381A239FFFAFFDE7E8DFC84FC44F86E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection box="[151,496,870,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,496,870,933]" box="[151,496,870,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,496,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,496,870,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Kraus, 2023" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,395,870,897]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lorealis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,395,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gerrhopilus lorealis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[402,496,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[151,275,906,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,496,870,933]" box="[151,275,906,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<figureCitation box="[151,275,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[174,1413,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and lateral views of heads for members of the Gerrhopilus inornatus Group having 22 midbody scale rows and venters marked with yellow. A, B holotype of Gerrhopilus wallachi (MCZ 140724); C, D holotype of Gerrhopilus flavinotatus (MCZ 175100); E, F holotype of Gerrhopilus lorealis (BPBM 2272)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7571501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7571501/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 5E, F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,978,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1961-05-14" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="H. Clissold & Bulolo" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-7.28" location="upper Watut River" longLatPrecision="782" longitude="146.56" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="BPBM 2272" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,267,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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||
<typeStatus box="[151,260,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[274,417,979,1005]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">BPBM 2272</specimenCode>
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, collected on
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||
<date box="[570,718,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1961-05-14">
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<collectingDate box="[570,718,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1961-05-14">14 May 1961</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
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<collectorName box="[759,885,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. Clissold</collectorName>
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||
at
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381A239FFFAFFDE7E8DFC84FC44F86E:8EF745F4FFFAFFDF7D8CFC31FBD9FC3A" box="[918,1123,979,1005]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-7.28" longLatPrecision="782" longitude="146.56" name="upper Watut River" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Morobe">upper Watut River</location>
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near
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<collectorName box="[1185,1264,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bulolo</collectorName>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1274,1347,979,1005]" degrees="7.28" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="555" value="-7.28">7.28 S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="146.56" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="555" value="146.56">146.56 E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion box="[182,380,1015,1041]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Morobe Province</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry box="[391,612,1015,1041]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,978,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,1050,1076]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
A
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<taxonomicName box="[351,575,1051,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis box="[351,487,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gerrhopilus</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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characterized by the unique combination of having a rounded snout in lateral view; LSR = 22 at midbody; TSR = 380; loreal present; supralabial imbrication pattern T-V; subocular scale one; presubocular scale absent; a sharp, protruding spine on the tail tip that is yellow; 4 glands in the prefrontal,
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||
<quantity box="[1365,1436,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.159" metricValueMax="2.286" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 in</quantity>
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the supraocular,
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<quantity box="[336,380,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
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||
the ocular,
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||
<quantity box="[511,610,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.001" metricValueMax="8.636" metricValueMin="7.366" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="31.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="29.0">29–34 in</quantity>
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||
the preocular, 0 in the frontal, and
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||
<quantity box="[1006,1077,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 in</quantity>
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||
the subocular; L/W = 50.3; TL/ SVL = 0.032; and a dark-brown venter with 1–3 mid-ventral scale rows on the posterior half of the body yellow. Its size is moderate for this species group (
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<tableCitation box="[593,677,1231,1257]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="17.[151,244,552,578]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 1. Mensural and count data for members of the Gerrhopilus inornatus Group. Forward slashes separate counts on the right and left sides, respectively." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,978,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,596,1266,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[607,839,1267,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lorealis">
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||
<emphasis box="[607,839,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gerrhopilus lorealis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is distinguished from
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||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wallach" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1105,1269,1267,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fredparkeri">
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||
<emphasis box="[1105,1269,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. fredparkeri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1288,1391,1267,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hades">
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<emphasis box="[1288,1391,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. hades</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. inornatus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[272,429,1303,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slapcinskyi">
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||
<emphasis box="[272,429,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. slapcinskyi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, and
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||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brongersma" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[489,620,1303,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suturalis">
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<emphasis box="[489,620,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. suturalis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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in having 22 longitudinal scale rows at midbody (vs
|
||
<quantity box="[1207,1263,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
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||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wallach" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1269,1429,1303,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fredparkeri">
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||
<emphasis box="[1269,1429,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. fredparkeri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<quantity box="[151,211,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
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||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[220,322,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hades">
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<emphasis box="[220,322,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. hades</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brongersma" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[382,517,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suturalis">
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||
<emphasis box="[382,517,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. suturalis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, and
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||
<quantity box="[584,644,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[653,797,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
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||
<emphasis box="[653,797,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. inornatus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[857,1018,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slapcinskyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[857,1018,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. slapcinskyi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
). It is further distinguished from
|
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wallach" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fredparkeri">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. fredparkeri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[335,467,1375,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallachi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[335,467,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. wallachi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in having fewer transverse scale rows (380 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[1006,1079,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.36906" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="539.0">539 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wallach" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1087,1249,1375,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fredparkeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1087,1249,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. fredparkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, 430 rows in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallachi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. wallachi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and apparently from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[499,677,1411,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuanorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[499,677,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. papuanorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(407–414 rows in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[890,1067,1411,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuanorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[890,1067,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. papuanorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It is further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,292,1447,1473]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,292,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[346,504,1447,1473]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slapcinskyi">
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||
<emphasis box="[346,504,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. slapcinskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in having more glands in the supraocular (8–9 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[1061,1131,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[1138,1278,1447,1473]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1138,1278,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity box="[1332,1403,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="1.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.0">0–3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slapcinskyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. slapcinskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and subocular (7–8 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[546,617,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[624,766,1483,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[624,766,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity box="[821,892,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[899,1058,1483,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slapcinskyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[899,1058,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. slapcinskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1144,1243,1483,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hades">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1144,1243,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. hades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having glands in the ocular and subocular scales (vs none in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[659,758,1519,1545]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hades">
|
||
<emphasis box="[659,758,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. hades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brongersma" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[888,1020,1519,1545]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suturalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[888,1020,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. suturalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a single postocular on each side of the head (vs two in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brongersma" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[448,579,1555,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suturalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[448,579,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. suturalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and lacking a presubocular (vs present in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brongersma" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1055,1187,1555,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suturalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1055,1187,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. suturalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[1209,1437,1555,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lorealis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1209,1437,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gerrhopilus lorealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from all other Melanesian
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[625,761,1591,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[625,761,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gerrhopilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a loreal scale; and it is distinguished from all other species except
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[316,481,1627,1653]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavinotatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[316,481,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. flavinotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[533,662,1627,1653]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallachi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[533,662,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. wallachi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having yellow mid-ventral scales on the posterior third of the body.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,380,1663,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lorealis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,380,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gerrhopilus lorealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[715,882,1663,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavinotatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[715,882,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. flavinotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its much more slender habitus (L/W = 50.3 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[151,229,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7818" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="26.7">26.7 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[236,402,1699,1725]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavinotatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[236,402,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. flavinotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in having more transverse scale rows (380 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[937,1008,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3058" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="327.0">327 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[1014,1180,1699,1725]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavinotatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1014,1180,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. flavinotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and in having glands in the ocular (vs absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[444,610,1735,1761]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavinotatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[444,610,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. flavinotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[742,872,1735,1761]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallachi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[742,872,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. wallachi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having fewer transverse scale rows (380 vs
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0922" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="430.0">430 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[182,313,1771,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallachi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[182,313,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. wallachi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a sharp, protruding tail spine (vs short, blunt, and downturned in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[1085,1216,1771,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallachi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1085,1216,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. wallachi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and fewer glands in the ocular (4 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[362,447,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[454,585,1807,1833]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallachi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[454,585,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. wallachi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Among the other species with 22 longitudinal scale rows,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[1261,1381,1807,1833]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lorealis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1261,1381,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. lorealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[489,652,1843,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyadenus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[489,652,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. polyadenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its greater number of transverse scale rows (380 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[1273,1401,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7978" metricValueMax="8.128" metricValueMin="7.4676" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="307.0" valueMax="320.0" valueMin="294.0">294–320 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyadenus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. polyadenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), more slender habitus (L/W = 50.3 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[726,868,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2075" metricValueMax="9.2202" metricValueMin="9.1948" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="36.25" valueMax="36.3" valueMin="36.2">36.2–36.3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[876,1039,1879,1905]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyadenus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[876,1039,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. polyadenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and far fewer glands in the ocular (4 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[212,310,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="17.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="11.0">11–23 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[316,478,1915,1941]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyadenus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[316,478,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. polyadenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), preocular (29–34 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[729,828,1914,1941]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1684" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.0668" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="46.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="42.0">42–50 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[834,995,1915,1941]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyadenus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[834,995,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. polyadenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and prefrontal (4 vs 11–29); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,329,1951,1977]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuanorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,329,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. papuanorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having fewer transverse scale rows (380 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[858,985,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04267" metricValueMax="1.0515599999999998" metricValueMin="1.03378" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="410.5" valueMax="414.0" valueMin="407.0">407–414 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[992,1170,1951,1977]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuanorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[992,1170,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. papuanorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and greater number of glands in the supraocular (8–9 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[529,600,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="2.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="0.0">0–4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[607,784,1987,2013]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuanorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[607,784,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. papuanorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and subocular (7–8 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[1054,1125,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[1132,1309,1987,2013]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuanorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1132,1309,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. papuanorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,535,150,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[425,528,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female. L =
|
||
<quantity box="[692,789,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="196.0">196 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SVL =
|
||
<quantity box="[889,986,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="190.0">190 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TL =
|
||
<quantity box="[1066,1135,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HW = 4.0 mm, SN =
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SW =
|
||
<quantity box="[284,373,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, PSN =
|
||
<quantity box="[470,559,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, RW =
|
||
<quantity box="[647,737,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, EW =
|
||
<quantity box="[825,914,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, W =
|
||
<quantity box="[985,1074,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, VW =
|
||
<quantity box="[1165,1255,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TW =
|
||
<quantity box="[1342,1432,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, L/W = 50.3, TL/SVL = 0.032. Head slightly wider than neck. Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views. Snout anterior to lower jaw horizontal. Rostral moderately large (RW/HW = 0.45), oval dorsally, lateral margins convex, posterior border extending approximately two-thirds way between naris and eye, posterior margin straight; ventrally surface papillose, with straight sides and posterior margin concave. Nasals separated dorsally by prefrontal (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[174,1413,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and lateral views of heads for members of the Gerrhopilus inornatus Group having 22 midbody scale rows and venters marked with yellow. A, B holotype of Gerrhopilus wallachi (MCZ 140724); C, D holotype of Gerrhopilus flavinotatus (MCZ 175100); E, F holotype of Gerrhopilus lorealis (BPBM 2272)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7571501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7571501/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
); superior nasal large, with sinuous posterior margin, concave dorsally, convex ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1230,1319,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[174,1413,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and lateral views of heads for members of the Gerrhopilus inornatus Group having 22 midbody scale rows and venters marked with yellow. A, B holotype of Gerrhopilus wallachi (MCZ 140724); C, D holotype of Gerrhopilus flavinotatus (MCZ 175100); E, F holotype of Gerrhopilus lorealis (BPBM 2272)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7571501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7571501/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
). External naris semicircular, oriented obliquely, close to rostral, anterior half covered by inferior nasal; superior nasal suture extending anterodorsally from naris to rostral; inferior nasal suture complete, contacting second supralabial just posterior to latter’s contact with first supralabial. Prefrontal smaller than supraoculars, subequal to frontal, parietals, and interparietal, which are all subequal in size. Narrow, crescentic loreal between superior nasal and preocular, oriented anteroventrally to dorsoposteriorly. Preocular large, triangular; approximately same size as ocular but smaller than superior nasal. Ocular large, approximately same size as preocular, extending dorsally well above preocular, extending ventrally to ~2/3 depth of preocular, bordered posteroventrally by subocular of approximately half its size. Eye with indistinct margin and large pupil, situated at widest point of ocular and approximately midway along its height, anterior half covered by preocular plate in lateral view. Four postoculars bordering ocular and subocular between parietal and fourth supralabial. Four supralabials, third the largest, all with long axis oblique to long axis of body, first approximately rectangular. Supralabial imbrication pattern T-V, posterior border of second supralabial overlaps anteroventral margin of preocular, that of third supralabial overlaps anteroventral margin of subocular and ends just anterior to rear margin of preocular. Mental crescentic, wider than long, projecting slightly beyond curve of lower jaw and fitting into notch on upper lip when mouth is closed. Infralabials two on each side, second much longer. Ventral slit from mouth to approximately 50 scale rows posteriorly; another ventral slit on posterior third of body and another under tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Longitudinal scale rows 22 behind head, 22 at midbody, and 22 anterior to vent; transverse scale rows between rostral and tail tip 380,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[406,565,1015,1041]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="intercalary">six intercalary</specimenCount>
|
||
scales along vertebral row; subcaudals 17; dorsocaudals 17; apical region with short, projecting spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rostral, nasals, and preoculars densely covered in pale glands; oculars with 4 glands, preoculars with 29 (R) and 34 (L), supraoculars with 8 (R) and 9 (L), prefrontal with 4; suboculars with 7 (R) and 8 (L), and frontal without glands.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">In preservative, 61 years after preservation, body medium brown above and below; no sharp distinction between dorsal and ventral shading; each scale uniformly dark. Venter with scattered mid-ventral yellow scales on anterior third of body, mid-ventral largely continuous line of yellow scales on posterior two-thirds of body, these expanding laterally to include 2–3 scale rows on posterior third of body, though many scales in these rows brown and not yellow, imparting a jagged appearance to this yellow stripe posteriorly. Anterior tip and margins of rostral, area around nares, first two supralabials, mental, first infralabials, and center of throat to four scales behind mental pale straw yellow; third and fourth supralabials pale straw yellow with brown along dorsal margins. Head glands pale straw yellow; tail spine and adjacent scales yellow. Iris dark gray, obscure; pupil paler gray.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1483,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is a Latinized masculine adjective of the English
|
||
<emphasis box="[1081,1147,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">loreal</emphasis>
|
||
in recognition of the most distinctive feature of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[199,845,1554,1581]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,845,1554,1581]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,1554,1580]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[608,656,1555,1581]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[763,832,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,456,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[179,1408,453,1045]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of southern Papua New Guinea showing collecting localities for Gerrhopilus inornatus (star), G. flavinotatus (diamond), G. lorealis (hexagon), G. papuanorum (square), G. polyadenus (open circles), G. slapcinskyi (filled circle), and G. wallachi (triangle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7571491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7571491/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1591,1617]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This is the only specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[644,859,1591,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[644,859,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Typhlops inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McDowell, S. B." box="[1016,1220,1591,1617]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref19162" refString="McDowell, S. B. (1974) A catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons, with special reference to those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part I. Scolecophidia. Journal of Herpetology, 8, 1 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1563076" type="journal article" year="1974">McDowell (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but it has not been reported on by subsequent authors. McDowell remarked that the scale he found wedged between the superior nasal and preocular—which I here refer to as a loreal—was not mentioned in the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Boulenger 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1299,1436,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[159,344,1699,1725]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="343 - 346" refId="ref18890" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1888) Descriptions of new reptiles and batrachians obtained by Mr. H. O. Forbes in New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 1 (5), 343 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938809460739" type="journal article" year="1888">Boulenger 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but so few specimens of nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[740,881,1699,1725]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[740,881,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected by that time that he was uncertain whether this scale represented “random or geographic variation”, by which I presume he meant intraspecific variation. I interpret the symmetry and regular appearance of this scale on each side of the head of BPBM 2272 to reflect that this scale is not a random anomaly, and, hence, I interpret it as diagnostic of a distinct species, a conclusion supported by a host of other features when compared to other samples of the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1166,1308,1843,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1166,1308,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (see Comparisons section above). Even were the loreal scale presumed to be an individual anomaly of this specimen and not diagnostic of a separate species, the unique combination of other characters (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1118,1205,1915,1941]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="19.[151,244,687,713]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 2. Diagnostic features for the members of the Gerrhopilus inornatus species group." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) does not allow this specimen to be readily assigned to any of the other species recognized herein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |