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<document id="8C13AB7A638D0002A9DECBC18F071BCA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4811.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3944031" ID-ZooBank="EB3E2796-D738-405B-AAB7-4D8209214114" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1594719006450" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Weglarz, Kathryn M. &amp; Bartlett, Charles R" docDate="2020" docId="9C5C87C4AB52FFEFFF2EFABAFC42FB57" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4811.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4811 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chionomus pacificus Weglarz &amp; Bartlett 2020, new combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="6065FFBCAB4EFFF1FFB9FFA3FF90FF90" masterDocTitle="A revision of the planthopper genus Chionomus Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698781408566" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="25F3172A21B25E7CE13C5CA6D9AE787E">A revision of the planthopper genus Chionomus Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4120777080C5C117549A3876D7570D7A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F63E93A9FBF3140042A8DE673E034A92">Weglarz, Kathryn M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="562BE8983B07020732B1C9F0C8ED7B88">Bartlett, Charles R</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B65D4096D267E6900F37837178B7C9C8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1FDC42061BF0B61F6E6C505F4FCBBFD9">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6BA5DD6C8ED51EC9878210DB57903439">2020-07-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="02602069F46A0A081B017FCDBB096079">4811</mods:number>
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<treatment id="9C5C87C4AB52FFEFFF2EFABAFC42FB57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C5C87C4AB52FFEFFF2EFABAFC42FB57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C5C87C4AB52FFEFFF2EFABAFC42FB57" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB52FFEDFF2EFABAFCCCFAA3" box="[151,860,1305,1332]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB52FFEDFF2EFABAFCCCFAA3" blockId="28.[151,860,1305,1367]" box="[151,860,1305,1332]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="4F0281BEAB52FFEDFF2EFABAFCCCFAA3" bold="true" box="[151,860,1305,1332]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB52FFEDFF2EFABAFCCCFAA3" bold="true" box="[151,860,1305,1332]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB52FFEDFF2EFABAFDE9FAA3" ID-CoL="9FNK5" authority="(Crawford, 1914)" authorityName="Weglarz &amp; Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[151,633,1305,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB52FFEDFF2EFABAFE08FAA3" bold="true" box="[151,408,1305,1332]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Chionomus pacificus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB52FFEDFE1EFABAFDE0FAA3" author="Crawford, D. L." box="[423,624,1305,1331]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="557 - 640" refId="ref27777" refString="Crawford, D. L. (1914) A contribution toward a monograph of the homopterous insects of the family Delphacidae of North and South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 46, 557 - 640, 6 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.46 - 2041.557" type="book chapter" year="1914">Crawford, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DB257BBAB52FFEDFD3EFABAFCCCFAA3" box="[647,860,1305,1331]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB52FFEDFF2EFA9EFE3EFAC7" box="[151,430,1341,1367]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB52FFEDFF2EFA9EFE3EFAC7" blockId="28.[151,860,1305,1367]" box="[151,430,1341,1367]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
(
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB52FFEDFF26FA9EFE8AFAC7" box="[159,282,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,454,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1435,453,1899]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Habitus of Chionomus pacificus. A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944057/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figures 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB52FFEDFE9FFA9EFEEDFAC7" box="[294,381,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1618,1643]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,635,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,633,1593]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal and lateral habitus of brachypters of select Chionomus species, A,D. Chionomus havanae, B,E. Chionomus balboae, C,F. Chionomus herkos, G,J. Chionomus pacificus, H,K. Chionomus puellus, I,L. Chionomus quadrispinosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944068/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">18g &amp; j</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB52FFEDFE30FA9EFE36FAC7" box="[393,422,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1095,1120]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,181,1069]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[209,1378,181,1069]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Line art of Chionomus pacificus terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube, left lateral view, C. aedeagus, left lateral view, D. left paramere, widest view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">28</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB52FFEDFF2EFA22FCF7FA47" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB52FFEDFF2EFA22FDDFFA0A" blockId="28.[151,871,1409,1495]" box="[151,591,1409,1434]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="34E511FCAB52FFEDFF2EFA22FDDFFA0A" box="[151,591,1409,1434]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitation id="955410C3AB52FFEDFF2EFA22FDDBFA0A" author="Crawford, D. L." box="[151,587,1409,1434]" page="626" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1914">
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB52FFEDFF2EFA22FDDBFA0A" ID-CoL="6R888" authority="Crawford, 1914: 626" authorityName="Crawford" authorityPageNumber="626" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,587,1409,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Megamelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB52FFEDFF2EFA22FEFDFA09" box="[151,365,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megamelus pacificus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB52FFEDFECDFA22FDDBFA0A" author="Crawford, D. L." box="[372,587,1409,1434]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="557 - 640" refId="ref27777" refString="Crawford, D. L. (1914) A contribution toward a monograph of the homopterous insects of the family Delphacidae of North and South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 46, 557 - 640, 6 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.46 - 2041.557" type="book chapter" year="1914">Crawford, 1914: 626</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB52FFEDFF2EFA03FC96FA28" blockId="28.[151,871,1409,1495]" box="[151,774,1439,1464]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB52FFEDFF2EFA03FE53FA28" ID-CoL="6Q8FK" authority="(Crawford)" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[151,451,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Liburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB52FFEDFF2EFA03FED8FA28" box="[151,328,1440,1464]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Liburnia pacifica</emphasis>
(Crawford)
</taxonomicName>
, comb. by
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB52FFEDFD88FA03FC93FA28" author="Van Duzee, E. P." box="[561,771,1440,1464]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref30113" refString="Van Duzee, E. P. (1917) Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico (excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae). University of California Publications, Technical Bulletins. Vol. 2. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, xiv + 902 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 29381" type="book" year="1917">Van Duzee, 1917:84</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB52FFEDFF2EFA1CFCF7FA47" blockId="28.[151,871,1409,1495]" box="[151,871,1470,1495]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="34E511FCAB52FFEDFF2EFA1CFCF7FA47" box="[151,871,1470,1495]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB52FFEDFF2EFA1CFE7EFA47" ID-CoL="9XLSM" authority="(Crawford)" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[151,494,1470,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB52FFEDFF2EFA1CFEE4FA47" box="[151,372,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Delphacodes pacifica</emphasis>
(Crawford)
</taxonomicName>
, comb. by
<treatmentCitation id="955410C3AB52FFEDFDE4FA1DFCF3FA47" author="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M." box="[605,867,1470,1495]" page="34" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB52FFEDFDE4FA1DFCF3FA47" author="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M." box="[605,867,1470,1495]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref29217" refString="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M. (1924) Studies in North American Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological Series, 15, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1924">Muir &amp; Giffard, 1924: 34</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB52FFEDFF2EF9A6FE51F98F" box="[151,449,1540,1567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB52FFEDFF2EF9A6FE51F98F" blockId="28.[151,1437,1540,2035]" box="[151,449,1540,1567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<materialsCitation id="A49D3C8FAB52FFEDFF2EF9A6FE2CF98F" box="[151,444,1540,1567]" location="California" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB52FFEDFF2EF9A6FED0F98F" bold="true" box="[151,320,1540,1567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB52FFEDFF2EF9A6FF42F98F" box="[151,210,1541,1567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
Locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB52FFEDFEFEF9A6FE2CF98F" box="[327,444,1541,1567]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">California</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB52FFEDFF7EF98BFD6DF967" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB52FFEDFF7EF98BFD6DF967" blockId="28.[151,1437,1540,2035]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB52FFEDFF7EF98BFED2F9D3" bold="true" box="[199,322,1576,1603]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body brown to light brown, with distinct median vitta and ivory to cream markings. Vertex quadrate, foveae infuscate. Foveae of frons dark; carinae distinct, noticeably contrasting with foveae, stramineous to cream in color. Antennae light cream colored to yellow. Pronotum light, white to cream in color, infuscate shadows directly behind eyes, paranota white. Mesonotum brown with median white vitta; wings with dark mark at apex of clavus. Armature of diaphragm bifurcate, hooked along entirety; parameres sinuate, outer angles enlarged. Aedeagus tubular, with two rows of teeth along sides on distal 2/3rds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB52FFEFFF7EF8A3FF44FCAC" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB52FFECFF7EF8A3FACAFE3F" blockId="28.[151,1437,1540,2035]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,153,431]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB52FFEDFF7EF8A3FEC9F88B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1792,1819]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB52FFEDFED8F8A2FDBAF88B" box="[353,554,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Color. Macropter.</emphasis>
Body brown to dark brown, matte, with cream or white markings. Carinae of head (including genal carinae) distinct, ochraceous to off-white in color; median carinae of vertex evident. Foveae of frons dark brown; vertex lighter than frons, foveae infuscate. Antennae cream to light brown, segment I dark brown in some specimens. Pronotum white to cream, fuscate markings directly posterior to eyes and between median and lateral carinae. Mesonotum dark brown to brown, median and lateral carinae cream to white, space between carinae also lightened. Legs white to light brown; apex of tarsi brown. Forewings hyaline, faint fuscous spot just before apex of clavus. Abdomen brown, fine line of white on caudal edge of each segment, lateral projections of sternites white. Pygofer brown.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB53FFECFE2EFF3AFD85FF23" box="[407,533,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brachypter</emphasis>
. Similar to above, tegmina infuscate, white stripe along apex, darkened spot near apex of clavus.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB53FFECFEF3FF1EFE21FF47" box="[330,433,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Structure</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB53FFECFE79FF1EFE6AFF47" box="[448,506,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Body</emphasis>
. Length (in mm) macropter
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB53FFECFC87FF1EFCC1FF47" box="[830,849,189,215]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male"></specimenCount>
1.93±0.14 (n=31);
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB53FFECFB90FF1EFBAEFF47" box="[1065,1086,189,215]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female"></specimenCount>
macropter 2.21±0.12 (n=6);
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB53FFECFA3EFF1EFA0CFF47" box="[1415,1436,189,215]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male"></specimenCount>
brachypter 1.85±0.05 (n=9); width
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB53FFECFDA6FF42FDA4FF6B" box="[543,564,225,251]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male"></specimenCount>
0.78±0.06 (n=50);
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB53FFECFCB4FF42FCB2FF6B" box="[781,802,225,251]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.88±0.06 (n=6).
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB53FFECFC52FF42FBA0FF6B" box="[1003,1072,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Head.</emphasis>
Vertex length 0.17±0.03 (n=50); vertex width 0.19±0.03 (n=50); frons length 0.50±0.03 (n=25); frons width 0.22±0.02 (n=25).
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB53FFECFB79FEA5FAA7FE8F" box="[1216,1335,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Macropter</emphasis>
. Carinae of vertex distinct, stem of Y-shaped carina evident. In lateral view (
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB53FFECFC21FE8AFB88FED4" box="[920,1048,297,324]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,454,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1435,453,1899]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Habitus of Chionomus pacificus. A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944057/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figure 13b</figureCitation>
), fastigium rounded; projecting in front of the eye about 1/4th eye length. Carinae of frons and clypeus distinct (
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB53FFECFC4DFEEEFBE0FEF7" box="[1012,1136,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,454,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1435,453,1899]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Habitus of Chionomus pacificus. A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944057/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figure 13c</figureCitation>
), frons subparallel, narrow at vertex, widest at ventral edge of compound eyes. Antennal segments subequal in length, segment II wider; 2nd segment bearing sensory pits arranged 4, 4, 2, 1, evenly spaced around segment.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB53FFECFB99FE36FB0EFE3F" box="[1056,1182,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brachypter</emphasis>
. Same as above.
</paragraph>
<caption id="408A665AAB53FFECFF2EF827FDF2F851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944057" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3944057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944057/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[151,250,1924,1949]" targetBox="[151,1429,454,1896]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB53FFECFF2EF827FDF2F851" blockId="29.[151,1436,1924,1985]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB53FFECFF2EF827FE89F80D" bold="true" box="[151,281,1924,1949]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 13</emphasis>
. Habitus of
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB53FFECFE21F826FDE5F80D" box="[408,629,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB53FFECFE21F826FDE1F80D" authorityName="Weglarz &amp; Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[408,625,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">Chionomus pacificus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB50FFEFFF7EFF3AFA8BFF6B" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFF7EFF3AFE0DFF23" box="[199,413,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thorax. Macropter</emphasis>
. Carinae of mesonotum evident, median carina ending at scutellum, lateral carinae distinct, parallel, reaching hind margin. Legs sparsely setaceous. Calcar bearing 2225 small teeth.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFB16FF1EFABDFF47" box="[1199,1325,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Brachypter</emphasis>
. Same as above except lateral carinae of mesonotum diverging; tegmina apically rounded, reaching past pygofer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB50FFEFFF7EFEA6FF72FED3" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFF7EFEA6FE2BFE8F" box="[199,443,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Abdomen. Macropter</emphasis>
. Compressed dorsoventrally, tapering caudad to truncate apex.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFB15FEA6FABFFE8F" box="[1196,1327,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Brachypter.</emphasis>
Same as above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB50FFEFFF7EFEEEFDF8FD3B" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFF7EFEEEFEA9FEF7" box="[199,313,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Genitalia.</emphasis>
Pygofer in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB50FFEFFDE9FEEEFD5DFEF8" box="[592,717,333,360]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,454,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1435,453,1899]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Habitus of Chionomus pacificus. A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944057/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 13d</figureCitation>
) nearly half as long dorsally as ventrad, ventral margin sinuate. Pygofer in caudal view (
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB50FFEFFE15FED2FDB9FE1B" box="[428,553,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,454,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1435,453,1899]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Habitus of Chionomus pacificus. A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944057/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 13e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB50FFEFFD8FFED2FDF1FE1B" box="[566,609,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1095,1120]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,181,1069]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[209,1378,181,1069]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Line art of Chionomus pacificus terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube, left lateral view, C. aedeagus, left lateral view, D. left paramere, widest view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944088/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">28a</figureCitation>
), about as tall as wide, rounded; margins rounded, slightly produced dorsolaterally. Opening to inner chamber triangular, pointed ventrad. Armature of diaphragm bifurcate, hooked along entirety, distinctly projecting caudad prior to dissection, apices of hooks pointed ventrad when fully dissected. Parameres, widest in basal half, basal angle mild, rounded; dorsolaterally diverging to expanded apices, lateral margins concave, inner angles weak, pointed; outer angles produced, rounded. Aedeagus circular in cross-section, slightly curved ventrad, directed dorsoposteriorly, widest near base, slightly tapering for most of length. Aedeagus with two rows of scattered teeth reaching from gonopore to ventral margin in apical 2/3rds; gonopore dorsally directed, apical. Segment X quadrate; bearing two weakly produced processes, projected posteriorly, hooked. Segment XI produced, about 1/2 length of segment X.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB50FFEFFF7EFD16FF44FCAC" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFF7EFD16FE33FD5F" bold="true" box="[199,419,692,719]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Plant associations.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFE13FD16FDF4FD5F" box="[426,612,693,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFE13FD16FDF4FD5F" box="[426,612,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Medicago sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., (alfalfa,
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFD48FD16FCCEFD40" box="[753,862,693,720]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFCC8FD16FBDFFD5F" box="[881,1103,693,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFCC8FD16FBDFFD5F" box="[881,1103,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Solanum tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (Irish potato,
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFAB7FD16FA00FD40" box="[1294,1424,693,720]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFF2EFD79FEBEFD63" box="[151,302,729,755]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Beta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFF2EFD79FEBEFD63" box="[151,302,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Beta vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (common beet, reported as sugar beet,
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFCA5FD7AFC4BFD64" authorityName="Ventenat" authorityYear="1799" box="[796,987,729,756]" class="Insecta" family="Chenopodiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chenopodiaceae</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFC54FD79FB20FD63" box="[1005,1200,729,755]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Larrea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFC54FD79FB20FD63" box="[1005,1200,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Larrea tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(DC.) Coville (creosote bush,
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFEA8FD5EFE59FC88" box="[273,457,765,792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zygophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFE67FD5EFC9CFC87" authority="Wooton" authorityName="Wooton" box="[478,780,765,791]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thurberi">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFE67FD5EFD3CFC87" box="[478,684,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lepidium thurberi</emphasis>
Wooton
</taxonomicName>
(Thurbers pepperweed,
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFB92FD5EFB2DFC88" authorityName="G.T.Burnett" authorityYear="1835" box="[1067,1213,765,792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
) (all label information).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB50FFEFFF7EFCE7FD31FC7F" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB50FFEFFF7EFCE7FC1AFC5B" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFF7EFCE7FEF1FCCF" bold="true" box="[199,353,836,863]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB50FFEFFEDFFCE6FE32FCCF" box="[358,418,837,863]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">USA</collectingCountry>
:AZ, AR, CA, CO, FL, GA, KS, LA, MS, NM, NV, NC, OK, SC, TX, WI;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB50FFEFFB6FFCE6FABCFCCF" box="[1238,1324,837,863]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFA80FCE6FA08FCCF" box="[1337,1432,837,863]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFF2EFCCAFE83FC13" box="[151,275,873,899]" country="Mexico" name="Chihuahua" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chihuahua</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFE99FCCAFE15FC13" box="[288,389,873,899]" country="Mexico" name="Durango" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Durango</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFE2BFCCAFE7FFC13" box="[402,495,873,899]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hidalgo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFE45FCCAFDDBFC13" box="[508,587,873,899]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB50FFEFFDE1FCCAFD20FC13" box="[600,688,873,899]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFD04FCCAFCDCFC13" box="[701,844,873,899]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mexico City</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFCE0FCCAFC29FC13" box="[857,953,873,899]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Morelos</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFC7FFCCAFBC5FC13" box="[966,1109,873,899]" country="Mexico" name="Nuevo Leon" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nuevo Leon</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFBDBFCCAFB45FC13" box="[1122,1237,873,899]" country="Mexico" name="Queretaro de Arteaga" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Querétaro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFB5BFCCAFA08FC13" box="[1250,1432,873,899]" country="Mexico" name="San Luis Potosi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">San Luis Potosí</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFF2EFC2EFF79FC37" box="[151,233,909,935]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sonora</collectingRegion>
, Tamaulipa),
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB50FFEFFE39FC2EFE6DFC37" box="[384,509,909,935]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB50FFEFFDB1FC2EFD14FC37" box="[520,644,909,935]" name="Guatemala" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB50FFEFFD36FC2EFD7BFC37" box="[655,747,909,935]" name="Panama" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB50FFEFFD4CFC2EFCF6FC37" box="[757,870,909,935]" name="Colombia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB50FFEFFCC8FC2EFC78FC37" box="[881,1000,909,935]" name="Venezuela" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
; also reported IL, UT;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB50FFEFFB5DFC2EFAAAFC37" box="[1252,1338,909,935]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFAF1FC2EFF5DFC5B" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB50FFEFFF61FC12FEBEFC5B" box="[216,302,945,971]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB50FFEFFEFDFC12FD0BFC5B" author="Wilson, S. W. &amp; McPherson, J. E." box="[324,667,945,971]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref30635" refString="Wilson, S. W. &amp; McPherson, J. E. (1980 b) A list of the Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) of southern Illinois. Great Lakes Entomologist, 13, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1980">Wilson and McPherson 1980b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB50FFEFFD1EFC12FCEEFC5B" author="Bartlett, C. R. &amp; O'Brien, L. B. &amp; Wilson, S. W." box="[679,894,945,971]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 287" refId="ref27290" refString="Bartlett, C. R., O'Brien, L. B. &amp; Wilson, S. W. (2014) A review of the planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 50, 1 - 287." type="journal article" year="2014">
Bartlett
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFCBBFC11FCA3FC5B" box="[770,819,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB50FFEFFF7EFC77FD31FC7F" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1223]" box="[199,673,980,1007]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFF7EFC77FD89FC7F" bold="true" box="[199,537,980,1007]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">GenBank accession number.</emphasis>
<accessionNumber id="0BA6AB31AB50FFEFFD99FC77FD31FC7F" box="[544,673,980,1007]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN339590" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">MN339590</accessionNumber>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB50FFEFFF7EFC5AFB34FBCB" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB50FFEFFF7EFC5AFB34FBCB" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFF7EFC5AFEABFB83" bold="true" box="[199,315,1017,1043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</emphasis>
There is a large amount of variation in color for
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFCE0FC5AFC4EFB83" authorityName="Weglarz &amp; Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[857,990,1017,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFCE0FC5AFC4EFB83" box="[857,990,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, some specimens are dark with the vitta faint and marking stramineous while others are light with almost perfectly white markings and distinct vittas. This species is closely allied with
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFE64FBE2FDFEFBCB" authorityName="Weglarz &amp; Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[477,622,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellicosus">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFE64FBE2FDFEFBCB" box="[477,622,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. bellicosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFD1DFBE2FC86FBCB" authorityName="Weglarz &amp; Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Van Duzee" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[676,790,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puellus">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFD1DFBE2FC86FBCB" box="[676,790,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. puellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see the remarks for
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFBBAFBE2FB0CFBCB" box="[1027,1180,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFBBAFBE2FB04FBCB" authorityName="Weglarz &amp; Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1027,1172,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellicosus">C. bellicosus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB50FFEFFF7EFBC6FC42FB57" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB50FFEFFF7EFBC6FC42FB57" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,1223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB50FFEFFF7EFBC6FE67FBEF" bold="true" box="[199,503,1124,1151]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="A49D3C8FAB50FFEFFDBBFBC6FC42FB57" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="D. G. C. Crawf" country="United States of America" location="U. S." pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB50FFEFFDBBFBC6FDFAFBEF" box="[514,618,1125,1151]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
[
<collectionCode id="72E4AE17AB50FFEFFDC2FBC7FD45FBEF" box="[635,725,1124,1151]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
]: Macropterous
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB50FFEFFC28FBC6FC38FBEF" box="[913,936,1125,1151]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male"></specimenCount>
, under
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFBBAFBC6FB68FBEF" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1914" box="[1027,1272,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Megamelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">Megamelus pacificus</taxonomicName>
, “Cala / 2351 [Handwritten]// Collection / CF Baker // Type / No. 15996 [Number handwritten] /
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB50FFEFFB85FB2AFBFCFB33" box="[1084,1132,1161,1187]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">U.S.</collectingCountry>
N.M. [Red paper] //
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB50FFEFFAEAFB2AFF4AFB57" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Megamelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megamelus</taxonomicName>
/ pacificus /
<collectorName id="B9005304AB50FFEFFED2FB0EFD98FB57" box="[363,520,1197,1223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D.G.C. Crawf</collectorName>
[Handwritten, label with black border]”.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>