356 lines
48 KiB
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356 lines
48 KiB
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<document id="40D773175233D1DD1C3F2ABFE54439DF" ID-CLB-Dataset="45497" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.279987" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7ddfc27-0196-4ad2-afc3-8579d3d0deda" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="279987" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460436242751" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bursey, Joseph, Smith, Julian P. S. & Litvaitis, Marian" docDate="2012" docId="0E39FB14F02B9D47FF666D5FF8B0FA8F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03184p063.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3184" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Kataplana celeretrix Bursey, Smith & Litvaitis, 2012, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="F200836CF02B9D44FFF1680AF912FFC6" masterDocTitle="Kataplana celeretrix n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Proseriata: Otoplanidae) from the Coast of North Carolina, USA" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1698332278747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EEC76926C2BFB6A4048A3F8F989D5A2E">Kataplana celeretrix n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Proseriata: Otoplanidae) from the Coast of North Carolina, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E15A39E3E97EB855355107005FB7CB2D">Bursey, Joseph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="398A3A515DB8516CC22C5E66CF5807D2">Smith, Julian P. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC132A06F467A6007DEF295D910EE059">Litvaitis, Marian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4B8F4FA2CAF01705C3DE4B95228E825D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="707DF934639EACD86C656BDF09F4D802">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6D4B65A0C892986AB02650C9C3BBCF1D">3184</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="432258281CCFC03D1D5AF5AA31B4FABE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7B2DE42E7240FCCEC4CA369CF86A4092" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.279987</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0E39FB14F02B9D47FF666D5FF8B0FA8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6180298" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119431952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6180298" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E39FB14F02B9D47FF666D5FF8B0FA8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E39FB14F02B9D47FF666D5FF8B0FA8F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="CE8A1989F02B9D45FF666D5FFA7DFA06" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="862F4A02F02B9D44FF666D5FF8ABFAAB" blockId="0.[151,441,1365,1389]" box="[151,441,1365,1389]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="DD67FD6EF02B9D44FF666D5FF8ABFAAB" bold="true" box="[151,441,1365,1389]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F02B9D44FF666D5FF8ABFAAB" bold="true" box="[151,441,1365,1389]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02B9D44FF666D5FF865FAAB" box="[151,375,1365,1389]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celeretrix" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F02B9D44FF666D5FF865FAAB" bold="true" box="[151,375,1365,1389]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Kataplana celeretrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFD72B6BF02B9D44FE8C6D5FF8ABFAAB" box="[381,441,1365,1389]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="862F4A02F02B9D44FF666D91FB3CF942" blockId="0.[151,1437,1435,2012]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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The specific epithet (L. “swift harlot”) refers to the extremely rapid movement and bivaginate condition of the organism. Since the early 1970s, this species has been known from the EI site as “OtoStumpf” (Rieger, unpublished).
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<typeStatus id="592BF4A0F02B9D44FAF86DB7FC2CFA12" box="[1289,1342,1469,1492]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Type</typeStatus>
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material was deposited at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) as follows: Holotype—a wholemounted specimen from EI (NMNH 1156977);
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<typeStatus id="592BF4A0F02B9D44FD696E09FA16F9DC" box="[664,772,1539,1562]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: two serially-sectioned specimens from OI (NMNH 1156978- 1156979). A 412-base sequence from the 18s rDNA gene of a specimen from OI was deposited at GenBank under accession number
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<accessionNumber id="99C3D7E1F02B9D44FEAC6E41F8DFF9A4" box="[349,461,1611,1634]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ180234" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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JQ
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<date id="F22E6CC2F02B9D44FE8A6E41F8DFF9A4" box="[379,461,1611,1634]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" value="34-02-18">180234</date>
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</accessionNumber>
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; blastn returned the sequence from
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02B9D44FCBA6E41FD3AF9A4" box="[843,1064,1611,1634]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="renatae">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F02B9D44FCBA6E41FD3AF9A4" box="[843,1064,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Parotoplana renatae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at an E-value of 2e -171, placing our specimens firmly into
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02B9D44FE776E67FB38F942" box="[390,554,1645,1668]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Parotoplaninae">Parotoplaninae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="862F4A02F02B9D44FF366E9AF86EF8C9" blockId="0.[151,1437,1435,2012]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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In transmitted light, the free-swimming animal was golden brown with a peripheral translucent zone; the body shape was an elongated oval with a slightly pointed tail and blunt head (Fig. A).
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02B9D44FC476EB9FD81F90C" box="[950,1171,1715,1738]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celeretrix">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F02B9D44FC476EB9FD81F90C" box="[950,1171,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Kataplana celeretrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were exceptionally fastmoving, darting from grain to grain in a fast stop-and-go pattern by means of ciliary gliding. The animals were also remarkably adhesive.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="862F4A02F02B9D45FF366F11FBA5FEBA" blockId="0.[151,1437,1435,2012]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1437,152,1950]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02B9D44FF366F11F8B4F8F4" box="[199,422,1819,1842]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celeretrix">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F02B9D44FF366F11F8B4F8F4" box="[199,422,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Kataplana celeretrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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possessed intraepithelial nuclei throughout, with rare mitoses (detectible by anti-phosphoH3 staining) always beneath the body-wall muscle (CLSM data not shown). The head region had numerous sensory bristles with two pairs of larger bristles arising laterally from regions of ciliation found on either side of the head (Fig. B). Smaller bristle groups were spaced along the sides of the body running to the posterior end (Figs. B, F). A pair of photoreceptors (“Sehkolben”), slightly pink in life, occurred in the posterior part of the brain (Fig. B). Pericerebral ciliary aggregates, visible only with CLSM, were anterior to the brain dorsally underneath the epidermis (Fig. C). The statocyst possessed 8 accessory cells (“Nebensteinchen”; see
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<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F02A9D45FD356892FD16FF69" author="Ehlers" box="[708,1028,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refString="Ehlers, E. & Sopott-Ehlers, B. (1990). Organization of statocysts in the Otoplanidae (Plathelminthes): an ultrastructural analysis with implications for the phylogeny of the Proseriata. Zoomorphology, 109, 309 - 318." type="journal article" year="1990">Ehlers & Sopott-Ehlers, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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). Ventrally, there was a small patch of cilia on the underside of the head, and the “creeping sole” (an English translation of the
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<collectingCountry id="FE870A92F02A9D45FBA168B0FDB4FF17" box="[1104,1190,186,209]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">German</collectingCountry>
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“Kriechsohle” that we prefer to the more awkward “creepsole”) originated just posterior to this and ended just anterior to the male pore (Figs. D, E). The creeping sole was interrupted by a cilium-free zone at the level of the mouth. Five adhesive papillae were grouped into a tailplate, and others occurred along the margin of the body, in two dorsal rows, and ventrally along either side of the creeping sole. The anterior-most ventral papillae comprised a pair (rarely three) on either side of the midline at the anterior end of the creeping sole (Figs. E, F).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="862F4A02F02A9D45FF36698DFDB8FD4A" blockId="1.[151,1437,152,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FF36698DF8B6FE58" box="[199,420,391,414]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celeretrix">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FF36698DF8B6FE58" box="[199,420,391,414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Kataplana celeretrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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had a vertically directed pharynx plicatus at U44 with both internal and external ciliation. The pharynx was oval in cross-section in living and fixed specimens, measuring 54 µm in the anterio-posterior axis and 34 µm transversely. The musculature of the pharynx comprised outer longitudinal and inner circular fibers along both the inner and outer walls. Pharyngeal glands occurred in the parenchyma circumferentially around the pharynx. Their gland necks entered the pharynx dorsally and opened around the ventral tip of the pharynx. The gut possessed an extremely thin epithelium separating it from dorsally-located chordoid tissue. A pre-cerebral diverticulum was not visible in living material or in our sections; however, it is possible that an anterior extension of the gut with such a thin epithelium could be invisible in living material and could not be distinguished from chordoid tissue in our sections.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="862F4A02F02A9D45FF366A92F82AFBC2" blockId="1.[151,1437,152,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Germaria were located posteriorly to the pharynx (Figs. F, G). Allosperm were occasionally observed by CLSM at the proximal ends of the germovitelloducts, in association with the germaria. Paired germo-vitelloducts ran posteriorly, combining into a single duct on the right side of the body which passed around the genital atrium just before entering the shell-gland region (Figs. F, H, I). The duct exited the glandular region before it seemingly disappeared just ventrally to the seminal vesicle (Fig. H, I). Follicular vitellaria occurred laterally from just posterior to the germaria to just anterior to the male copulatory organ (Fig. F). Two vaginae opened from either side of the body into a bursa, located ventrally to the seminal vesicle and posteriorly to the common genital atrium (Figs. E-G). Vaginae and the bursa were underlain by strong circular muscles (Fig. H) and lined by a thin epithelium. The bursa possessed two anterior wing-like extensions running towards the common genital atrium (Fig. F), and a single DIC micrograph showed these each continuing anteriorly into what looked like an unciliated duct. We could not detect connections between the bursa and the rest of the genital system.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="862F4A02F02A9D45FF366C05FA7DFA06" blockId="1.[151,1437,152,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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Four to five pairs of testes were visible in the anterior portion of the body with two vasa deferentia running parallel from the testes and opening into the anteriormost portion of the seminal vesicle from either side (Figs. F-I). The entire copulatory bulb was 38 µm in length and the elongated sac-like seminal vesicle was 105 µm in length. Sperm were observed within the seminal vesicle and throughout the vasa deferentia of fully mature specimens. The copulatory bulb contained a wreath-like stylet apparatus comprising 12 stylets of four different
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<typeStatus id="592BF4A0F02A9D45FC106C92FD0BFB69" box="[993,1049,1176,1199]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">types</typeStatus>
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in three separate groupings (Figs. J, K). These were: Group A: two sets of three hooked stylets (30 µm long), on either side of a central set of six stylets, comprising: Group B: two lateral hooks (37 µm) and four central bow-shaped stylets (Group C: outer pair—39 µm and Group D: inner pair—40 µm with outwardly-turned tips). Three pairs of prominent muscles were found within the bulb dorsally, laterally, and ventrally; the relationship of these six muscles to the stylets in group A was not ascertained. Prostate glands were found outside the copulatory bulb laterally, and sent gland-necks bearing granular secretions into the bulb. A small pair of glandular sacs was present within the copulatory bulb on both sides of the stylet apparatus (Fig. J). In our CLSM material, the common gonopore was surrounded by glandular material (Fig. H), although these glands were not unequivocally observed in our living, squeezed specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE8A1989F02A9D47FF366DC1F8B0FA8F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="862F4A02F02A9D45FF366DC1FC52F85B" blockId="1.[151,1437,152,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FF366DC1F8B1FA24" box="[199,419,1483,1506]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celeretrix">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FF366DC1F8B1FA24" box="[199,419,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Kataplana celeretrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs in the
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FDB96DC1FA4CFA24" authority="(Ax 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Ax" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[584,862,1483,1506]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Parotoplaninae">
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Parotoplaninae (
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<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F02A9D45FD066DC1FA44FA24" author="Ax" box="[759,854,1483,1506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refString="Ax, P. (1956) Monographie der Otoplanidae (Turbellaria). Morphologie und Systematik. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 13, 1 - 298." type="journal article" year="1956">Ax 1956</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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based on the vertically oriented pharynx plicatus, the possession of a shell-gland (“Schalendrüsen”) combined with the lack (at least in our living material) of a ring of cement glands (“Kittdrüsen”) around the gonopore. Within
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FD2E6E05FA90F9E0" box="[735,898,1551,1574]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Parotoplaninae">Parotoplaninae</taxonomicName>
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, the combination of a bursa separate from and posterior to the genital atrium (found in
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FDB16E38FA2DF98F" box="[576,831,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FDB16E38FBA1F98F" box="[576,691,1586,1609]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Kataplana</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FD4F6E38FA2DF98F" box="[702,831,1586,1609]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplanidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Otoplanidia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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), a vesicula granulorum incorporated into the copulatory bulb and a well-developed shell-gland region in a posterior pocket of the genital atrium (found in
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FAD56E59FB95F94B" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FAD56E59FC85F9AC" box="[1316,1431,1619,1642]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Kataplana</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FF666E7CF826F94B" box="[151,308,1654,1677]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Parotoplanina</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FECE6E7CF8FDF94B" box="[319,495,1654,1677]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Praebursoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Praebursoplana</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FE0B6E7CFB95F94B" box="[506,647,1654,1677]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Triporoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Triporoplana</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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), and Sehkolben (found in
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FC5A6E7CFC58F94B" box="[939,1354,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FC5A6E7CFD0CF94B" box="[939,1054,1654,1677]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Kataplana</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FBD86E7CFDABF94B" box="[1065,1209,1654,1677]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Triporoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Triporoplana</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FB356E7CFC58F94B" box="[1220,1354,1654,1677]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Parotoplana</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
) places our species into
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FEB26E92FB38F969" authority="Ax 1956" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1956" box="[323,554,1688,1711]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FEB26E92F8A6F969" box="[323,436,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Kataplana</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F02A9D45FE316E92FB30F969" author="Ax" box="[448,546,1688,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refString="Ax, P. (1956) Monographie der Otoplanidae (Turbellaria). Morphologie und Systematik. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 13, 1 - 298." type="journal article" year="1956">Ax 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Within
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FD726E92FBE1F969" box="[643,755,1688,1711]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FD726E92FBE1F969" box="[643,755,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Kataplana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FCF16E92FA91F969" box="[768,899,1688,1711]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celeretrix">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FCF16E92FA91F969" box="[768,899,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">K. celeretrix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from the three described species in number and shape of the copulatory stylets and in the possession of paired vaginae, rather than a single (or presumed single) vagina (
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FF006ED6F816F935" box="[241,260,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">cf</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FEE46ED6F8EDF935" box="[277,511,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FEE46ED6F8B8F935" box="[277,426,1756,1779]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="germanica">K. germanica</taxonomicName>
|
|
—sensu
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F02A9D45FDFB6ED6FB7FF935" author="Ax" box="[522,621,1756,1779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refString="Ax, P. (1951) Die Turbellarien des Eulitorals der Kieler Bucht. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung Systematik, Oekologie und Geographie der Tiere, 80, 277 - 378." type="journal article" year="1951">Ax 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FD8D6ED6FA3EF935" box="[636,812,1756,1779]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mesopharynx">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FD8D6ED6FA3EF935" box="[636,812,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">K. mesopharynx</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
—
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F02A9D45FCB96ED6FAB8F935" author="Ax" box="[840,938,1756,1779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refString="Ax, P. (1956) Monographie der Otoplanidae (Turbellaria). Morphologie und Systematik. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 13, 1 - 298." type="journal article" year="1956">Ax 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FC486ED6FD3CF935" box="[953,1070,1756,1779]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arcuata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FC486ED6FD3CF935" box="[953,1070,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">K. arcuata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
—
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F02A9D45FBB86ED6FC0DF935" author="Sopott-Ehlers" box="[1097,1311,1756,1779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refString="Sopott-Ehlers, B. (1976) Interstitielle Macrostomida und Proseriata (Turbellaria) von der franzosischen Atlantikkuste und den Kanarischen Inseln. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 60, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1976">Sopott-Ehlers 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The male organ of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FF096EF4F87BF8D3" box="[248,361,1790,1813]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arcuata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FF096EF4F87BF8D3" box="[248,361,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">K. arcuata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is most similar to that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FD8E6EF4FA16F8D3" box="[639,772,1790,1813]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celeretrix">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FD8E6EF4FA16F8D3" box="[639,772,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">K. celeretrix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, sharing a similar bow-shaped central stylet group and lateral gland cells incorporated into the copulatory bulb (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F02A9D45FD5B6F2AFD03F8F1" author="Sopott-Ehlers" box="[682,1041,1824,1847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refString="Sopott-Ehlers, B. (1976) Interstitielle Macrostomida und Proseriata (Turbellaria) von der franzosischen Atlantikkuste und den Kanarischen Inseln. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 60, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1976">Sopott-Ehlers 1976, her Fig. 12B</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). However, the number of stylets (
|
|
<quantity id="4168E7E7F02A9D45FA716F2AF9BEF89F" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FF446F49F82EF89C" box="[181,316,1859,1882]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celeretrix">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FF446F49F82EF89C" box="[181,316,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">K. celeretrix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<quantity id="4168E7E7F02A9D45FEBC6F48F895F89F" box="[333,391,1858,1881]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FE616F49FB16F89C" box="[400,516,1859,1882]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arcuata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FE616F49FB16F89C" box="[400,516,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">K. arcuata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), the number of
|
|
<typeStatus id="592BF4A0F02A9D45FD326F48FBE9F89F" box="[707,763,1858,1881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">types</typeStatus>
|
|
of stylets (
|
|
<quantity id="4168E7E7F02A9D45FC8A6F48FABAF89F" box="[891,936,1858,1881]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FC406F48FD2BF89F" box="[945,1081,1858,1881]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celeretrix">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FC406F48FD2BF89F" box="[945,1081,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">K. celeretrix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<quantity id="4168E7E7F02A9D45FBB86F48FD67F89F" box="[1097,1141,1858,1881]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FB8F6F48FDE0F89F" box="[1150,1266,1858,1881]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arcuata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FB8F6F48FDE0F89F" box="[1150,1266,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">K. arcuata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and the postpharyngeal germaria and the presence of 2 vaginae in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FD236F6FFA47F8BA" box="[722,853,1893,1916]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celeretrix">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FD236F6FFA47F8BA" box="[722,853,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">K. celeretrix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
make it extremely unlikely that our species is identical with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FF3C6F8DF82CF858" box="[205,318,1927,1950]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arcuata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FF3C6F8DF82CF858" box="[205,318,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">K. arcuata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Unfortunately,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F02A9D45FE1D6F8DFB4FF858" box="[492,605,1927,1950]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arcuata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F02A9D45FE1D6F8DFB4FF858" box="[492,605,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">K. arcuata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was described only from living material, and no
|
|
<typeStatus id="592BF4A0F02A9D45FB986F8CFD85F85B" box="[1129,1175,1926,1949]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
|
|
material exists.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="862F4A02F0289D47FF366892FC3DFD3A" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
|
Outside the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FEB96892F8F8FF69" box="[328,490,152,175]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Parotoplaninae">Parotoplaninae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, a bivaginate condition is also found in the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FBF16892FD26FF69" box="[1024,1076,152,175]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FBF16892FD26FF69" box="[1024,1076,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FE870A92F0289D47FBF16892FD26FF69" box="[1024,1076,152,175]" name="Qatar" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kata</collectingCountry>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In addition,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FB326892FDE5FF69" box="[1219,1271,152,175]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FB326892FDE5FF69" box="[1219,1271,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FE870A92F0289D47FB326892FDE5FF69" box="[1219,1271,152,175]" name="Qatar" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kata</collectingCountry>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FADA6892FC8EFF69" box="[1323,1436,152,175]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FADA6892FC8EFF69" box="[1323,1436,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kataplana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have very similar connections of the germovitelloduct to the bursa.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F0289D47FC7A68B0FD5BFF17" author="Ax" box="[907,1097,186,209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refString="Ax, P. (1956) Monographie der Otoplanidae (Turbellaria). Morphologie und Systematik. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 13, 1 - 298." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="p">Ax (1956, p.154)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
dismisses these similarities as convergent, as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FEB568D7F86AFF32" box="[324,376,221,244]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FEB568D7F86AFF32" box="[324,376,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FE870A92F0289D47FEB568D7F86AFF32" box="[324,376,221,244]" name="Qatar" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kata</collectingCountry>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FE4868D7FB38FF32" box="[441,554,221,244]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FE4868D7FB38FF32" box="[441,554,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kataplana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
belong to separate subfamilies (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FC5268D7FD35FF32" box="[931,1063,221,244]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Otoplaninae">Otoplaninae</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FBC468D7FD59FF32" box="[1077,1099,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">vs</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FBA968D7FDEFFF32" box="[1112,1277,221,244]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Parotoplaninae">Parotoplaninae</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Because the orientation of the pharynx is highly diagnostic in otoplanid taxonomy, any species with a vertically oriented pharynx plicatus will be almost automatically assigned to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FD596928FA59FEFF" box="[680,843,290,313]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Parotoplaninae">Parotoplaninae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Accordingly, a possible alternative explanation for the similarities between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FE8B694FF8BCFE9A" box="[378,430,325,348]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FE8B694FF8BCFE9A" box="[378,430,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FE870A92F0289D47FE8B694FF8BCFE9A" box="[378,430,325,348]" name="Qatar" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kata</collectingCountry>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FE18694FFB48FE9A" box="[489,602,325,348]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FE18694FFB48FE9A" box="[489,602,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kataplana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
might be that our species and others now assigned to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FB4E694FFC22FE9A" box="[1215,1328,325,348]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FB4E694FFC22FE9A" box="[1215,1328,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kataplana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
represent “miniaturised” members of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FDC86962FB7FFEB9" box="[569,621,360,383]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FDC86962FB7FFEB9" box="[569,621,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FE870A92F0289D47FDC86962FB7FFEB9" box="[569,621,360,383]" name="Qatar" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kata</collectingCountry>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
—all known
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FD0F6962FA20FEB9" box="[766,818,360,383]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FD0F6962FA20FEB9" box="[766,818,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FE870A92F0289D47FD0F6962FA20FEB9" box="[766,818,360,383]" name="Qatar" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kata</collectingCountry>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species are several millimeters in length, whereas the 4 known species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FE926980F8C6FE67" box="[355,468,394,417]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FE926980F8C6FE67" box="[355,468,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kataplana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are smaller than one millimeter. Evolution for small body size could be coupled with shortening and vertical re-orientation of the pharynx (with
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FCFF69A7FD06FE02" box="[782,1044,429,452]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mesopharynx">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FCFF69A7FD06FE02" box="[782,1044,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kataplana mesopharynx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as an intermediate form).
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<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F0289D47FAC169A7F816FE21" author="Ax" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refString="Ax, P. (1956) Monographie der Otoplanidae (Turbellaria). Morphologie und Systematik. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 13, 1 - 298." type="journal article" year="1956">Ax (1956, his Fig. 2)</bibRefCitation>
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carefully considered this change in pharyngeal orientation, but he assumed that it has only occurred once. We suggest that it has occurred at least twice, as we agree with
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<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F0289D47FCE569F8FAADFDCF" author="Ax" box="[788,959,498,521]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refString="Ax, P. (1956) Monographie der Otoplanidae (Turbellaria). Morphologie und Systematik. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 13, 1 - 298." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="p">Ax (1956, p 74)</bibRefCitation>
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that
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FC0569F8FDB3FDCF" box="[1012,1185,498,521]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mesopharynx">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FC0569F8FDB3FDCF" box="[1012,1185,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">K. mesopharynx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
is unlikely to represent the primitive member of the
|
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FE376A1FFB78FDEA" box="[454,618,533,556]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Parotoplaninae">Parotoplaninae</taxonomicName>
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. This change in the orientation of the pharynx might also be coupled with the post-pharyngeal position of the germaria, and in this context, it is important to note that
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<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F0289D47FBB16A32FDBDFD89" author="Ax" box="[1088,1199,568,591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refString="Ax, P. (1956) Monographie der Otoplanidae (Turbellaria). Morphologie und Systematik. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 13, 1 - 298." type="journal article" year="1956">Ax (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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describes the position of the germaria as “lateral to the pharynx” in
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FD596A50FA48FDB7" box="[680,858,602,625]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kataplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mesopharynx">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FD596A50FA48FDB7" box="[680,858,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">K. mesopharynx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
. Furthermore, the other diagnostic character of the
|
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FF666A77F80BFD52" box="[151,281,637,660]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Otoplaninae">Otoplaninae</taxonomicName>
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(shell-glands around the gonopore) may or not be present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FC6E6A77FAC1FD52" box="[927,979,637,660]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FC6E6A77FAC1FD52" box="[927,979,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<collectingCountry id="FE870A92F0289D47FC6E6A77FAC1FD52" box="[927,979,637,660]" name="Qatar" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Kata</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(shell-glands not shown nor mentioned for
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<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FF666AAAF802FD71" box="[151,272,672,695]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="evelinae">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FF666AAAF802FD71" box="[151,272,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">K. evelinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
, and drawn, but not labeled for
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|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FD9C6AAAFBC3FD71" box="[621,721,672,695]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="leroda">
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<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FD9C6AAAFBC3FD71" box="[621,721,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">K. leroda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F0289D47FD1C6AAAFA6EFD71" author="Marcus" box="[749,892,672,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refString="Marcus, E. (1949) Turbellaria Brasileiros 7. Universidade de Sao Paulo Boletins da Faculdade Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Zoologia, 14, 7 - 156." type="journal article" year="1949">Marcus 1949</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F0289D47FC796AAAFAD2FD71" author="Marcus" box="[904,960,672,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refString="Marcus, E. (1950) Turbellaria Brasileiros 8. Universidade de Sao Paulo Boletins da Faculdade Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Zoologia, 15, 5 - 191." type="journal article" year="1950">1950</bibRefCitation>
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; “not observed in our serial sections” for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FA756AAAF823FD1F" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="galapagoensis">
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|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FA756AAAF823FD1F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">K. galapagoensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
—
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F0289D47FEBD6AC8F8E1FD1F" author="Ax" box="[332,499,706,729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refString="Ax, P. & Ax, R. (1974) Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos V. Otoplanidae (Turbellaria, Proseriata). Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 27, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1974">Ax & Ax 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; drawn but not mentioned for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41903181F0289D47FCCF6AC8FAB4FD1F" box="[830,934,706,729]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Kata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="galeae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4E49610F0289D47FCCF6AC8FAB4FD1F" box="[830,934,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">K. galeae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
—
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E20137F3F0289D47FC306AC8FDC8FD1F" author="Ax" box="[961,1242,706,729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" refString="Ax, P. & Sopott-Ehlers, B. (1987) Otoplanidae (Plathelminthes, Proseriata) von Bermuda. Microfauna Marina, 3, 261 - 181." type="journal volume" year="1987">Ax & Sopott-Ehlers 1987</bibRefCitation>
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|
). In summary, we suggest that careful ultrastructural and molecular studies of members of these two genera might prove fruitful.
|
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="862F4A02F0289D47FF366B02F873FC29" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Although the use of CLSM with fluorescent phalloidin staining of muscles has become commonplace in routine species descriptions, it is likely to hold additional untapped potential when combined with fluorescent antibody staining. The anti-acetylated tubulin antibody used here reveals both external and internal cilia and sperm-tail flagella well, making visible details not otherwise readily seen. In particular, the ciliated part of the germovitelloduct, allosperm in association with the germaria, pericerebral ciliary aggregates, and head ciliation that comprises separate patches (instead of a single field) were all observed using this technique, and could not be observed in either living specimens or our sectioned material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="862F4A02F0289D47FF366BF0F8B0FA8F" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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JRB carried out the majority of live observations and of the CLSM work, drafted the manuscript and composed the plate. JSIII contributed DIC micrographs, prepared the serial sections, made initial CLSM observations, drew figures E and K and edited the draft manuscript. MKL sequenced material for 18 rDNA. The authors are grateful Dr. Stephen Fegley and the UNC-IMS for laboratory space during the
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|
<date id="F22E6CC2F0289D47FCF36C68FA8DFBBF" box="[770,927,1122,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" value="2010" valueMax="2011">2010 and 2011</date>
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field seasons, to Ms. Nicole Dallin for drawing figures F and I, and to Dr. Gunde Rieger and the estate of the late Dr. R.M. Rieger for permission to use his unpublished work on “OtoStumpf”, including the micrograph in figure B. All three authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript before submission. Research support for JSIII was provided by the Molecular Biomedical Research Initiative (MBRI). This publication was made possible in part by NIH Grant Number 2P20RR016461-10 from the National Center for Research Resources. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |