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<document id="094FA8FA39B057EDF9B263FBBCF47BF6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3641.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3b420769-6676-4089-be51-d5dd3c6e420e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219655" ID-ZooBank="D9F4C67F-FE27-467B-B0DD-07A77E493538" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460595981066" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Taphorn, Donald C., Armbruster, Jonathan W., Villa-Navarro, Francisco &amp; Ray, C. Keith" docDate="2013" docId="0E26F513DE2E847EFF1EF9F3FE639A55" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03641p370.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3641 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ancistrus caucanus Fowler 1943" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="350" masterDocId="F21F8D6BDE2D8476FF89FFA7FFCE9842" masterDocTitle="Trans-Andean Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="370" masterPageNumber="343" pageNumber="346" updateTime="1698326792420" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9165E296007D8637CCA8B9DA658E11D7">Trans-Andean Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EB8179DECA57C7E8D9F454E30BE4AD4B">Taphorn, Donald C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="452F040B91E570568CC739F3CA84CD52">Armbruster, Jonathan W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E3BFC66BC5E23F382F9167FEA4D2AAC">Villa-Navarro, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="48F79A6AAFEE45E3C8974474539E7349">Ray, C. Keith</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="41D23A5A85DF8FE08F17E9EDF9253E4C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6ABEA147E420E22D55FDADBC0202406E">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DBF476D119C243170996D9DE6FA6290C">3641</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BF75C6A5511912B49599496707180AC1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3641.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0E26F513DE2E847EFF1EF9F3FE639A55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6157717" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119566661" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6157717" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E26F513DE2E847EFF1EF9F3FE639A55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E26F513DE2E847EFF1EF9F3FE639A55" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="350" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
<subSubSection id="CE95178EDE2E8475FF1EF9F3FE449F72" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="86304405DE2E8475FF1EF9F3FDE99E2C" blockId="3.[151,551,1620,1679]" box="[151,551,1620,1646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
<heading id="DD78F369DE2E8475FF1EF9F3FDE99E2C" bold="true" box="[151,551,1620,1646]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE2E8475FF1EF9F3FDE99E2C" ID-CoL="DN2T" authority="Fowler 1943" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,551,1620,1646]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2E8475FF1EF9F3FDE99E2C" bold="true" box="[151,551,1620,1646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2E8475FF1EF9F3FE489E2C" bold="true" box="[151,390,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Ancistrus caucanus</emphasis>
Fowler 1943
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86304405DE2E8475FF1EF9D0FEF59ECD" blockId="3.[151,551,1620,1679]" box="[151,315,1655,1679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
(
<figureCitation id="1EB45880DE2E8475FF16F9D0FF239ECD" box="[159,237,1655,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1486,1509]" captionTargetBox="[274,1314,252,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[227,1360,195,1463]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ancistrus caucanus ANSP 70516, 53.0 mm SL, holotype, potentially from the upper Cauca River (see Remarks below). Photo by Kyle Luckenbill." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="1EB45880DE2E8475FEAAF9D0FEFC9ECD" box="[291,306,1655,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1286,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1265]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,661,1265]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live coloration of Ancistrus caucanus, CP-UCO 1443, collected and photographed by Juan Guillermo Ospino Pabon from a creek, tributary to the Nare River, middle Magdalena River drainage, Município de San Rafael, Antioquia, 6.402694 º, - 74.921833 º, 694 masl." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219657/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86304405DE2E8475FF1EF967FE449F72" blockId="3.[151,1436,1727,1841]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE2E8475FF1EF967FDFF9E97" authority="Fowler 1943: 253" authorityName="Fowler" authorityPageNumber="253" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,561,1727,1749]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2E8475FF1EF967FEAE9E97" box="[151,352,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Ancistrus caucanus</emphasis>
, Fowler 1943: 253
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 40–43.
<typeStatus id="5934FAA7DE2E8475FD4EF967FD379E97" box="[711,761,1728,1749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Sonsón, Cauca River basin,
<collectingCountry id="FE980495DE2E8475FB18F918FB3B9E97" box="[1169,1269,1727,1749]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(see comments below).
<typeStatus id="5934FAA7DE2E8475FE93F97AFEB29EB1" box="[282,380,1757,1779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ANSP 70516. Böhlke 1984:122
<typeStatus id="5934FAA7DE2E8475FD46F979FCCF9EB1" box="[719,769,1758,1779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Type</typeStatus>
catalog Isbrücker 1980; Burgess 1989; Isbrücker 2001; Isbrücker 2002; Fisch-Muller 2003 (list); Maldonado-Ocampo
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2E8475FD6CF95AFCDC9F50" box="[741,786,1788,1810]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">et al</emphasis>
2005 (species account based on Fowler’s original description); Ferraris 2007 (list).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CE95178EDE2E8472FF1EF8FAFAE29A7E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="86304405DE2E8472FF1EF8FAFAE29A7E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1885,2018]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2E8475FF1EF8FAFEDF9F34" bold="true" box="[151,273,1885,1910]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE2E8475FE9EF8F9FE3C9F34" box="[279,498,1886,1910]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2E8475FE9EF8F9FE3C9F34" box="[279,498,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Ancistrus caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be diagnosed from the other species in the Magdalena drainage (
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE2E8475FB7DF8F9FA949F34" box="[1268,1370,1886,1910]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2E8475FB7DF8F9FA949F34" box="[1268,1370,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">A. tolima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFC8256CDE2E8475FAE9F8F8FA529F34" box="[1376,1436,1887,1910]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE2E8475FF43F825FE4D9FD8" box="[202,387,1922,1946]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vericaucanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2E8475FF43F825FE4D9FD8" box="[202,387,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">A. vericaucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFC8256CDE2E8475FE04F825FE039FDB" box="[397,461,1921,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) by having: the pectoral fin tip extending to posterior half of pelvic-fin base when depressed ventral to pelvic fin (vs. maximally reaching to pelvic-fin spine); usually just one preadipose plate (vs. usually two to three in
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE2E8475FE21F86DFDAE9FA0" box="[424,608,1994,2018]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vericaucanus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2E8475FE21F86DFDAE9FA0" box="[424,608,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">A. vericaucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="4177E9E0DE2E8475FD14F86EFD299FA3" box="[669,743,1993,2017]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE2E8475FD78F86DFC959FA0" box="[753,859,1994,2018]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolima">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2E8475FD78F86DFC959FA0" box="[753,859,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">A. tolima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the depressed dorsal fin usually reaching to the preadipose plate just anterior to adipose-fin spine (vs. not reaching); by having a pectoral spine length to predorsal length ratio of 58.6–70.4 (vs.
<quantity id="4177E9E0DE298472FE7BFF1BFD4C9896" box="[498,642,188,212]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35001" metricValueMax="1.49352" metricValueMin="1.2065" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" unit="in" value="53.15" valueMax="58.8" valueMin="47.5">47.5–58.8 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE298472FD05FF1BFC8D9896" box="[652,835,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vericaucanus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE298472FD05FF1BFC8D9896" box="[652,835,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">A. vericaucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<quantity id="4177E9E0DE298472FC00FF1BFBD79896" box="[905,1049,188,212]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3233399999999997" metricValueMax="1.45542" metricValueMin="1.19126" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" unit="in" value="52.099999999999994" valueMax="57.3" valueMin="46.9">46.9–57.3 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE298472FBABFF1BFB459896" box="[1058,1163,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolima">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE298472FBABFF1BFB459896" box="[1058,1163,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">A. tolima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<figureCitation id="1EB45880DE298472FB14FF1BFB2F9896" box="[1181,1249,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1323,1346]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,226,1286]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1302]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic biplots for species of Ancistrus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219658/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A); and from
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE298472FA0DFF1BFEE398BA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vericaucanus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE298472FA0DFF1BFEE398BA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">A. vericaucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a dentary tooth cup length to SL ratio of 5.9–7.7% (vs. 4.7–5.3%;
<figureCitation id="1EB45880DE298472FB49FF78FACA98B5" box="[1216,1284,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1323,1346]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,226,1286]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1302]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic biplots for species of Ancistrus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219658/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B).
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE298472FABBFF47FECF995E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE298472FABBFF47FECF995E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Ancistrus caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can further be separated from
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE298472FDEAFEA3FD2D995E" box="[611,739,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chagresi">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE298472FDEAFEA3FD2D995E" box="[611,739,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">A. chagresi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having no well-defined white spots on the caudal fin (vs. well-defined white spots present); from
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE298472FDD6FE8FFD359902" box="[607,763,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centrolepis">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE298472FDD6FE8FFD359902" box="[607,763,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">A. centrolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking one to three rows of enlarged odontodes on the lateral plates and no odontodes on lateral plates longer than half the width of the supporting plate (vs. rows of odontodes present with some odontodes almost as long as the supporting plate is wide); from
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE298472FB35FED7FAEA99CA" box="[1212,1316,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galani">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE298472FB35FED7FAEA99CA" box="[1212,1316,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">A. galani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having fully developed eyes and pigment (vs. eyes reduced and pigment absent or reduced); and from
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE298472FB3CFE33FAE999EE" box="[1205,1319,404,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martini">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE298472FB3CFE33FAE999EE" box="[1205,1319,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">A. martini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a snout length to head length ratio of 45.9–54.9% (vs. 55.5–65.3%), a head-eye length to snout length ratio of 72.9– 88.0% (vs. 53.9–73.9;
<figureCitation id="1EB45880DE298472FE2CFE7BFE2299B6" box="[421,492,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1323,1346]" captionTargetBox="[203,1405,226,1286]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1302]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic biplots for species of Ancistrus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219658/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C), irregular dark spots on the fins relatively large, separated by lighter spaces, forming what appear a four to five irregular bands on the caudal fin (specimens are in a poor state of preservation; vs. six to nine irregular bands) and four to six spots along the pectoral-fin spine (vs. seven to nine spots).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CE95178EDE298471FF4EFDE0FE2B9F0A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="350" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="description">
<paragraph id="86304405DE298472FF4EFDE0FB0C9A1D" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,608]" box="[199,1218,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE298472FF4EFDE0FE979A22" bold="true" box="[199,345,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Description.</emphasis>
N=18. Morphometrics given in
<tableCitation id="CB0D71BEDE298472FD4AFDE0FCD79A1D" box="[707,793,583,607]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,259,283]" captionTargetBox="[151,1368,314,2012]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Selected morphometrics of Ancistrus caucanus and A. centrolepis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D2F0148DDE288473FF1EFEA4FC1A9959" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" tableUuid="D2F0148DDE288473FF1EFEA4FC1A9959">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Size range this study:
<quantity id="4177E9E0DE298472FB92FDE0FB5A9A1D" box="[1051,1172,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" unit="mm" value="56.5" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="47.0">47–66 mm</quantity>
SL.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D2F0148DDE298472FF1EFAA1FE389D18" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219657/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" targetBox="[151,1436,661,1265]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="86304405DE298472FF1EFAA1FE389D18" blockId="4.[151,1436,1286,1370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE298472FF1EFAA1FEDB9D5E" bold="true" box="[151,277,1286,1309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Live coloration of
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE298472FE6AFAA0FD649D5F" box="[483,682,1287,1309]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE298472FE6AFAA0FD649D5F" box="[483,682,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Ancistrus caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CP-UCO 1443, collected and photographed by Juan Guillermo Ospino Pabon from a creek, tributary to the Nare River, middle Magdalena River drainage, Município de San Rafael, Antioquia, 6.402694º, -74.921833º, 694 masl.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="86304405DE298472FF4EFA20FEA39ED8" blockId="4.[151,1437,1415,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
A relatively small
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE298472FE2CFA20FDC19DDD" box="[421,527,1415,1439]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE298472FE2CFA20FDC19DDD" box="[421,527,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Ancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, body broadest anteriorly, greatest body width near opercles, then narrowing progressively to end of caudal peduncle. Head and body depressed, greatest body depth between level of pectoralfin insertions and dorsal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle deep, robust, compressed posteriorly. Dorsal profile of head and body ascending steeply in convex arc from tip of snout tip to dorsal-fin origin, from there, descending in straight line or gently convex arc sloping gradually down to just posterior to tip of adipose-fin spine, then angled dorsally to caudal fin. Ventral profile flat to slightly convex from tip of snout to pelvic-fin insertions, abdomen flat to slightly concave to pelvic-fin insertions, from there, straight to slightly convex and sloping gently ventrally towards caudal fin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86304405DE298473FF4EF900FBDC9896" blockId="4.[151,1437,1415,2015]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Head wide, interorbital width slightly less than head depth, less than half of head length. Snout rounded with large broad naked margin in males, less wide in females and juveniles. Snout length about one-half head length. Eye moderate in size, interorbital area slightly convex. Oral disk ovate, wider than long. Lips covered with minute papillae, larger near mouth. Lower lip moderate in size, not reaching gill aperture, its border covered with very small papillae. Maxillary barbel very short, its length less than orbit diameter. Dentary tooth row straight, about same size as premaxillary tooth row. Teeth numerous (49–80 per jaw ramus), asymmetrically bifid, medial cusp much larger and spatulate, lateral cusp minute and pointed, usually not reaching more than half length of medial cusp, but equal in worn teeth. Hypertrophied cheek odontodes strongly evertible, 10–25, stout with tips hooked anteriorly, bases encased in thick fleshy sheaths. Exposed part of opercle roughly an elongate triangle with few short stout odontodes. Head smooth, bones on back of head not carinate; supraoccipital with margins between surrounding bones and plates usually clearly visible. Lateral plates not carinate.</paragraph>
<caption id="D2F0148DDE288473FF1EFEA4FC1A9959" ID-Table-UUID="D2F0148DDE288473FF1EFEA4FC1A9959" box="[151,980,259,283]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D2F0148DDE288473FF1EFEA4FC1A9959" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" targetBox="[151,1368,314,2012]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="86304405DE288473FF1EFEA4FC1A9959" blockId="5.[151,980,259,283]" box="[151,980,259,283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE288473FF1EFEA4FEC79959" bold="true" box="[151,265,259,283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Selected morphometrics of
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE288473FDBFFEA3FCC99959" box="[566,775,260,283]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE288473FDBFFEA3FCC99959" box="[566,775,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Ancistrus caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE288473FCB3FEA3FC039959" box="[826,973,260,283]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centrolepis">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE288473FCB3FEA3FC039959" box="[826,973,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">A. centrolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="86304405DE288473FD04FE9CFE579F9E" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<table id="F48FB6A5DE287B89FF1EFE9DFA969F9E" box="[151,1368,314,2012]" gridcols="3" gridrows="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFE9DFA969913" box="[151,1368,314,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FE9DFC7B9913" box="[653,949,314,337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE288473FD04FE9CFCC79913" box="[653,777,315,337]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE288473FD04FE9CFCC79913" box="[653,777,315,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">A. caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n=18)
</th>
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FE9DFA969913" box="[1025,1368,314,337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE288473FB88FE9CFB409913" box="[1025,1166,315,337]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centrolepis">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE288473FB88FE9CFB409913" box="[1025,1166,315,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">A. centrolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n=67)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFEC1FA969939" box="[151,1368,358,379]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FEC1FC7B9939" box="[653,949,358,379]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Mean SD Range</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FEC1FA969939" box="[1025,1368,358,379]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Mean SD Range</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFE37FA9699E5" box="[151,1368,400,423]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFE37FE2D99E5" box="[151,483,400,423]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">SL (mm)</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FE37FC7B99E5" box="[653,949,400,423]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">51.3 6.9 40.7–65.5</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FE37FA9699E5" box="[1025,1368,400,423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">115.6 53.7–187.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFE1CFA969992" box="[151,1368,443,464]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFE1CFE2D9992" box="[151,483,443,464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">%SL</th>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFE42FA9699B9" box="[151,1368,485,507]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFE42FE2D99B9" box="[151,483,485,507]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Predorsal Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FE42FC7B99B9" box="[653,949,485,507]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">45.9 0.7 44.3–46.9</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FE42FA9699B9" box="[1025,1368,485,507]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">47.8 2.0 42.9–51.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFDB7FA969A64" box="[151,1368,528,550]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFDB7FE2D9A64" box="[151,483,528,550]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Head Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FDB7FC7B9A64" box="[653,949,528,550]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">36.8 2.4 33.8–44.9</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FDB7FA969A64" box="[1025,1368,528,550]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">38.0 2.3 33.6–49.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFD9DFA969A12" box="[151,1368,570,592]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFD9DFE2D9A12" box="[151,483,570,592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Head-dorsal Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FD9DFC7B9A12" box="[653,949,570,592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">10.6 1.4 8.2–12.9</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FD9DFA969A12" box="[1025,1368,570,592]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">10.5 1.5 7.0–16.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFDC2FA969A39" box="[151,1368,613,635]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFDC2FE2D9A39" box="[151,483,613,635]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Cleithral Width</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FDC2FC7B9A39" box="[653,949,613,635]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">32.4 0.8 31.1–34.1</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FDC2FA969A39" box="[1025,1368,613,635]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">33.4 1.3 30.7–36.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFD37FA969AE4" box="[151,1368,656,678]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFD37FE2D9AE4" box="[151,483,656,678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Head-pectoral Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FD37FC7B9AE4" box="[653,949,656,678]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">27.4 1.7 23.6–30.1</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FD37FA969AE4" box="[1025,1368,656,678]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">28.9 1.9 23.9–34.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFD1CFA969A93" box="[151,1368,699,721]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFD1CFE2D9A93" box="[151,483,699,721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Thorax Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FD1CFC7B9A93" box="[653,949,699,721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">25.1 1.2 23.5–28.0</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FD1CFA969A93" box="[1025,1368,699,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">26.3 2.6 16.5–31.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFD42FA969AB9" box="[151,1368,741,763]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFD42FE2D9AB9" box="[151,483,741,763]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Pectoral-spine Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FD42FC7B9AB9" box="[653,949,741,763]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">29.1 2.0 24.4–32.5</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FD42FA969AB9" box="[1025,1368,741,763]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">39.2** 2.5 31.4–44.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFCB7FA969B64" box="[151,1368,784,806]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFCB7FE2D9B64" box="[151,483,784,806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Abdominal Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FCB7FC7B9B64" box="[653,949,784,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">22.6 0.8 20.8–24.3</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FCB7FA969B64" box="[1025,1368,784,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">22.8 1.0 20.5–24.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFC9CFA969B13" box="[151,1368,827,849]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFC9CFE2D9B13" box="[151,483,827,849]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Pelvic-spine Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FC9CFC7B9B13" box="[653,949,827,849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">24.5 1.8 21.1–27.4</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FC9CFA969B13" box="[1025,1368,827,849]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">27.0** 1.6 22.7–30.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFCC2FA969B39" box="[151,1368,869,891]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFCC2FE2D9B39" box="[151,483,869,891]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Postanal Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FCC2FC7B9B39" box="[653,949,869,891]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">31.9 1.2 30.2–35.2</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FCC2FA969B39" box="[1025,1368,869,891]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">30.6 1.4 26.2–33.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFC37FA969BE4" box="[151,1368,912,934]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFC37FE2D9BE4" box="[151,483,912,934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Anal-fin spine Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FC37FC7B9BE4" box="[653,949,912,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">10.1* 1.3 7.4–12.0</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FC37FA969BE4" box="[1025,1368,912,934]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">12.3** 1.3 9.2–17.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFC1CFA969B93" box="[151,1368,955,977]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFC1CFE2D9B93" box="[151,483,955,977]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Dorsal-pectoral Distance</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FC1CFC7B9B93" box="[653,949,955,977]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">29.3 1.0 27.5–31.2</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FC1CFA969B93" box="[1025,1368,955,977]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">29.9 1.2 26.0–32.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFC42FA969BB9" box="[151,1368,997,1019]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFC42FE2D9BB9" box="[151,483,997,1019]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Dorsal spine Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FC42FC7B9BB9" box="[653,949,997,1019]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">28.1* 1.5 26.3–30.3</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FC42FA969BB9" box="[1025,1368,997,1019]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">31.5*** 2.8 26.7–37.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFBB7FA969C64" box="[151,1368,1040,1062]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFBB7FE2D9C64" box="[151,483,1040,1062]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Dorsal-pelvic Distance</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FBB7FC7B9C64" box="[653,949,1040,1062]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">21.4 2.0 18.1–24.5</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FBB7FA969C64" box="[1025,1368,1040,1062]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">22.8 1.8 18.7–26.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFB9CFA969C13" box="[151,1368,1083,1105]" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFB9CFE2D9C13" box="[151,483,1083,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Dorsal-fin base Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FB9CFC7B9C13" box="[653,949,1083,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">21.6 3.3 11.5–24.8</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FB9CFA969C13" box="[1025,1368,1083,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">26.6 1.7 22.1–31.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFBC1FA969C3E" box="[151,1368,1126,1148]" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFBC1FE2D9C3E" box="[151,483,1126,1148]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Dorsal-adipose Distance</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FBC1FC7B9C3E" box="[653,949,1126,1148]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">19.2 1.8 14.1–21.9</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FBC1FA969C3E" box="[1025,1368,1126,1148]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">17.2 1.6 11.3–21.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFB37FA969CE4" box="[151,1368,1168,1190]" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFB37FE2D9CE4" box="[151,483,1168,1190]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Adipose-spine Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FB37FC7B9CE4" box="[653,949,1168,1190]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">8.5 1.3 5.6–10.8</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FB37FA969CE4" box="[1025,1368,1168,1190]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">7.5 0.9 5.7–9.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFB1CFA969C93" box="[151,1368,1211,1233]" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFB1CFE2D9C93" box="[151,483,1211,1233]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Adipose-upper caudal Distance</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FB1CFC7B9C93" box="[653,949,1211,1233]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">14.5 1.7 9.4–17.7</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FB1CFA969C93" box="[1025,1368,1211,1233]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">12.2 1.6 9.4–20.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFB41FA969CBE" box="[151,1368,1254,1276]" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFB41FE2D9CBE" box="[151,483,1254,1276]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Caudal peduncle Depth</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FB41FC7B9CBE" box="[653,949,1254,1276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">10.5 2.7 9.0–21.2</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FB41FA969CBE" box="[1025,1368,1254,1276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">11.6 0.8 9.6–13.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFAB7FA969D64" box="[151,1368,1296,1318]" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFAB7FE2D9D64" box="[151,483,1296,1318]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Adipose-lower caudal Distance</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FAB7FC7B9D64" box="[653,949,1296,1318]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">20.8 0.8 19.1–22.1</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FAB7FA969D64" box="[1025,1368,1296,1318]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">19.1 0.9 17.6–21.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFA9CFA969D13" box="[151,1368,1339,1361]" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFA9CFE2D9D13" box="[151,483,1339,1361]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Adipose-anal Distance</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FA9CFC7B9D13" box="[653,949,1339,1361]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">20.6 1.1 18.8–23.0</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FA9CFA969D13" box="[1025,1368,1339,1361]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">21.0 1.1 15.1–23.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFAC1FA969D3E" box="[151,1368,1382,1404]" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFAC1FE2D9D3E" box="[151,483,1382,1404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Dorsal-anal Distance</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FAC1FC7B9D3E" box="[653,949,1382,1404]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">15.3 0.7 14.0–16.6</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FAC1FA969D3E" box="[1025,1368,1382,1404]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">15.8 1.6 13.9–24.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFA37FA969DE4" box="[151,1368,1424,1446]" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFA37FE2D9DE4" box="[151,483,1424,1446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Pelvic-dorsal Distance</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FA37FC7B9DE4" box="[653,949,1424,1446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">23.1 1.5 20.5–26.0</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FA37FA969DE4" box="[1025,1368,1424,1446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">25.2 2.0 19.7–30.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFA1CFA969D93" box="[151,1368,1467,1489]" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFA1CFE2D9D93" box="[151,483,1467,1489]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">% Head Length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EFA41FA969DBE" box="[151,1368,1510,1532]" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EFA41FE2D9DBE" box="[151,483,1510,1532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Head-eye Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04FA41FC7B9DBE" box="[653,949,1510,1532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">42.0 2.6 35.1–46.8</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88FA41FA969DBE" box="[1025,1368,1510,1532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">44.9 2.1 37.4–48.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EF9B7FA969E64" box="[151,1368,1552,1574]" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EF9B7FE2D9E64" box="[151,483,1552,1574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Orbit Diameter</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04F9B7FC7B9E64" box="[653,949,1552,1574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">16.5 1.8 12.5–19.2</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88F9B7FA969E64" box="[1025,1368,1552,1574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">15.4 1.8 11.0–20.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EF99CFA969E13" box="[151,1368,1595,1617]" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EF99CFE2D9E13" box="[151,483,1595,1617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Snout Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04F99CFC7B9E13" box="[653,949,1595,1617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">53.1 2.4 45.9–55.9</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88F99CFA969E13" box="[1025,1368,1595,1617]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">57.7 2.7 46.1–64.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EF9C1FA969E3E" box="[151,1368,1638,1660]" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EF9C1FE2D9E3E" box="[151,483,1638,1660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Internares Width</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04F9C1FC7B9E3E" box="[653,949,1638,1660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">17.3 2.4 13.3–22.0</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88F9C1FA969E3E" box="[1025,1368,1638,1660]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">22.7 1.9 17.3–28.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EF936FA969EE5" box="[151,1368,1681,1703]" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EF936FE2D9EE5" box="[151,483,1681,1703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Interorbital Width</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04F936FC7B9EE5" box="[653,949,1681,1703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">54.9 3.3 45.3–60.3</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88F936FA969EE5" box="[1025,1368,1681,1703]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">61.1 2.9 47.3–66.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EF91CFA969E93" box="[151,1368,1723,1745]" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EF91CFE2D9E93" box="[151,483,1723,1745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Head Depth</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04F91CFC7B9E93" box="[653,949,1723,1745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">63.4 5.7 47.8–71.7</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88F91CFA969E93" box="[1025,1368,1723,1745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">65.0** 2.9 51.1–72.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EF941FA969EBE" box="[151,1368,1766,1788]" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EF941FE2D9EBE" box="[151,483,1766,1788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Mouth Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04F941FC7B9EBE" box="[653,949,1766,1788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">45.1 3.1 40.9–50.5</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88F941FA969EBE" box="[1025,1368,1766,1788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">46.1 4.1 32.0–55.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EF8B6FA969F65" box="[151,1368,1809,1831]" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EF8B6FE2D9F65" box="[151,483,1809,1831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Mouth Width</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04F8B6FC7B9F65" box="[653,949,1809,1831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">53.3 4.8 46.4–62.0</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88F8B6FA969F65" box="[1025,1368,1809,1831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">49.1 4.1 37.6–58.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EF89CFA969F13" box="[151,1368,1851,1873]" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EF89CFE2D9F13" box="[151,483,1851,1873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Barbel Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04F89CFC7B9F13" box="[653,949,1851,1873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">3.7 1.8 1.3–8.0</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88F89CFA969F13" box="[1025,1368,1851,1873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">6.4 2.8 0.8–13.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EF8C1FA969F3E" box="[151,1368,1894,1916]" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EF8C1FE2D9F3E" box="[151,483,1894,1916]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Dentary tooth cup Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04F8C1FC7B9F3E" box="[653,949,1894,1916]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">17.8 1.7 14.5–20.8</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88F8C1FA969F3E" box="[1025,1368,1894,1916]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">14.3** 1.7 10.6–18.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EF836FA969FE5" box="[151,1368,1937,1959]" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EF836FE2D9FE5" box="[151,483,1937,1959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Premaxillary tooth cup Length</th>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FD04F836FC7B9FE5" box="[653,949,1937,1959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">17.4 1.6 15.2–21.0</td>
<td id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FB88F836FA969FE5" box="[1025,1368,1937,1959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">15.1 1.7 10.2–18.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38BF4647DE287B89FF1EF861FA969F9E" box="[151,1368,1990,2012]" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="7B6E2F3BDE287B89FF1EF861FE2D9F9E" box="[151,483,1990,2012]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">*n=15, **n=66, ***n=60</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="D2F0148DDE2B8470FF1EFA8CFD029D00" box="[151,716,1323,1346]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" targetBox="[203,1405,226,1286]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="86304405DE2B8470FF1EFA8CFD029D00" blockId="6.[151,716,1323,1346]" box="[151,716,1323,1346]" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2B8470FF1EFA8CFEDC9D03" bold="true" box="[151,274,1323,1346]" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Diagnostic biplots for species of
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE2B8470FDEEFA8BFD099D03" box="[615,711,1324,1345]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2B8470FDEEFA8BFD099D03" box="[615,711,1324,1345]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">Ancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="86304405DE2B8470FF4EFAC9FAD09F50" blockId="6.[151,1437,1390,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">Ventral surface of head and abdomen naked, no exposed platelets anterior to anal-fin spine. Nuchal plate small and curved posterolaterally. No enlarged odontodes at edge of lateral plates. Five series of lateral plates anteriorly, three series on caudal peduncle, middorsal and mid-ventral plate series end on caudal peduncle beneath adipose fin. Last plate in median series slightly smaller than penultimate plate, base of caudal fin with vertical column of about four small platelets after main series, and about eight roughly triangular platelets covering bases of caudal-fin rays. Dorsal-fin origin situated anterior to vertical through pelvic-fin insertion. First dorsal-fin ray not elongate, just slightly longer than snout length; last dorsal-fin ray reaching first preadipose plate when depressed. Dorsal-fin base length about equal to dorsal-adipose distance. Adipose fin stout, angled up from body, membrane visible beneath spine. Pectoral spine short, stout, reaching past pelvic-fin insertions but only to anterior third of pelvic fins. Anal fin small but well developed; base of first anal-fin pterygiophore covered by skin, its origin below or posterior to vertical through base of last dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic fins reaching well past anal-fin origin, inserted posterior to vertical through first branched dorsal-fin ray. Caudal fin truncate, lower lobe slightly longer than upper.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86304405DE2B8470FF4EF8B9FB239F19" blockId="6.[151,1437,1390,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">Tiny odontodes present on body plates, largest on posterior margins of plates. All fin spines with small odontodes, more developed in pectoral-fin spine of males. All fin rays with tiny odontodes on rays.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86304405DE2B8470FF4EF8C1FAD49FA8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1390,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">Mid-dorsal plates 14(3), 15(6), 16(4), 17(1), 18(2), 19(2); median plates 22(6), 23(10), 24(1), 25(1); midventral plates 16(2)17(8), 18(8); plates bordering dorsal-fin base 7(14), 8(4); plates between dorsal and adipose fins 3(2), 4(6), 5(3), 7(6), 8(1); preadipose plates 1(9), 2(5), 3(2),4(2). Fin-ray formulae (N=18): dorsal i,7; pectoral i,6; pelvic i,5; anal i,3(4) i,4 (14); caudal i,14,i. Caudal procurrent spines dorsal: 4(2), 5(16), ventral: 3(18).</paragraph>
<caption id="D2F0148DDE2A8471FF1EFB71FEE29D49" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219659/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" targetBox="[161,1425,240,1204]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="86304405DE2A8471FF1EFB71FEE29D49" blockId="7.[151,1436,1238,1291]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2A8471FF1EFB71FEDC9CAE" bold="true" box="[151,274,1238,1261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Distributions of trans-Andean
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2A8471FDC4FB70FD7D9CAE" box="[589,691,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE2A8471FDC4FB70FD619CAE" box="[589,687,1239,1260]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ancistrus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Symbols may represent more than one collection. Open symbols indicate type localities.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="86304405DE2A8471FF4EFA90FC1B9DA2" blockId="7.[151,1437,1335,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2A8471FF4EFA90FE5E9D12" bold="true" box="[199,400,1335,1360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EB45880DE2A8471FE28FA9FFE2C9D12" box="[417,482,1336,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1486,1509]" captionTargetBox="[274,1314,252,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[227,1360,195,1463]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ancistrus caucanus ANSP 70516, 53.0 mm SL, holotype, potentially from the upper Cauca River (see Remarks below). Photo by Kyle Luckenbill." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219656/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) Base color of body brown or gray, with darker brown and lighter spots, especially noticeable dorsally on snout and top of head in freshly preserved material (spots fade with time). Ventrum brown or tan with traces of large, irregular light spots in freshly preserved specimens. All fins have dark spots separated by lighter areas present on spine and branched rays that align to form curved, transverse bands on the dorsal, caudal, pelvic and pectoral fins. Ventral surface of head and abdomen whitish tan.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86304405DE2A8471FF4EFA4CFE2B9F0A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1335,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2A8471FF4EFA4CFE9B9E46" bold="true" box="[199,341,1515,1540]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Life Colors.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EB45880DE2A8471FEECFA4BFE669E46" box="[357,424,1516,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1286,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1265]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,661,1265]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live coloration of Ancistrus caucanus, CP-UCO 1443, collected and photographed by Juan Guillermo Ospino Pabon from a creek, tributary to the Nare River, middle Magdalena River drainage, Município de San Rafael, Antioquia, 6.402694 º, - 74.921833 º, 694 masl." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219657/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) Dorsum dark greenish brown with light green spots concentrated on soft nose and top of head. Body posterior to dorsal-fin base with patch of three-four light brown plates; upper margin of posterior caudal peduncle (adjacent to caudal fin) light brown. Tentacles and soft nose dark olive green with lighter green spots. Ventrum dark olive green with light (whitish or light green) irregular spots and vermiculations, abdomen and chest darker green than ventral portion of caudal peduncle behind anal-fin origin. Oral disk whitish. Fin membranes transparent, but spines and rays marked with three-four alternating dark olive green and whitish or light green sections. Caudal peduncle with light vertical bar adjacent to caudal fin. Caudal-fin spine and rays with alternating light and dark sections often aligned to form three-four vertical bars, distal margin of fin hyaline. Ridges of lateral body plates light, in contrast with dark olive green to blackish base color, forming pattern of oblique dark bars along sides.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CE95178EDE2A8471FF4EF8F4FCA09F2E" box="[199,878,1875,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="86304405DE2A8471FF4EF8F4FCA09F2E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1335,2008]" box="[199,878,1875,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2A8471FF4EF8F4FEAE9F2E" bold="true" box="[199,352,1875,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Distribution.</emphasis>
Magdalena River drainage,
<collectingCountry id="FE980495DE2A8471FD17F8F3FCC29F2E" box="[670,780,1876,1900]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="1EB45880DE2A8471FC95F8F3FCAF9F2E" box="[796,865,1876,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1238,1261]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,240,1204]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,223,1216]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distributions of trans-Andean Ancistrus. Symbols may represent more than one collection. Open symbols indicate type localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219659/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CE95178EDE2A847EFF4EF8DFFE639A55" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="86304405DE2A847EFF4EF8DFFE639A55" blockId="7.[151,1437,1335,2008]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE2A8471FF4EF8DFFEF59FD2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1912,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Remarks.</emphasis>
For many years, this species was known only from the
<typeStatus id="5934FAA7DE2A8471FC23F8DFFBC19FD2" box="[938,1039,1912,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but recent collecting reveals that it is still present in the Magdalena River drainage. Because the
<typeStatus id="5934FAA7DE2A8471FCC9F83BFC6C9FF6" box="[832,930,1948,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and several other specimens collected with it grouped in our morphological analyses with specimens collected from the Magdalena River drainage but not with any specimens collected from near the
<typeStatus id="5934FAA7DE25847EFDD2FF3FFD4598F2" box="[603,651,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">type</typeStatus>
locality in the adjacent Cauca River drainage, this suggests that the
<typeStatus id="5934FAA7DE25847EFF1EFF1AFF099897" box="[151,199,189,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">type</typeStatus>
locality is in error. The
<typeStatus id="5934FAA7DE25847EFE5DFF1BFDF89896" box="[468,566,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected by Brother Niceforo Maria, reportedly from Sonsón,
<collectingCountry id="FE980495DE25847EFAA4FF1BFA559896" box="[1325,1435,188,212]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Colombia</collectingCountry>
in the Cauca River basin; however, it is known that some of the localities of Niceforo Maria are in error. In loricariids, one of us (JWA, pers. obs.) has identified
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE25847EFD72FEA3FC1F995E" box="[763,977,260,284]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Plecostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argus">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE25847EFD72FEA3FC1F995E" box="[763,977,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Plecostomus argus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as being a member of the trans-Andean
<taxonomicName id="418F3F86DE25847EFF1EFE8EFE7F9902" box="[151,433,297,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B4FB9817DE25847EFF1EFE8EFE7F9902" box="[151,433,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Hemiancistrus annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, but whose
<typeStatus id="5934FAA7DE25847EFD09FE8FFD7E9902" box="[640,688,296,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">type</typeStatus>
locality is given as Villavicencio in the Meta drainage, and clearly this is not possible. The town of Sonsón is situated near the watershed divide between the upper Cauca and Magdalena river drainages, and it is feasible that collectors based there could have collected in tributaries of either river without venturing far from town. Our data indicate that the
<typeStatus id="5934FAA7DE25847EFCF5FE33FC1099EE" box="[892,990,404,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and USNM specimens mentioned here were most likely collected in the Magdalena basin. Because this species is named for the Cauca River (which flows for most of its length independent of the Magdalena River), but apparently does not occur there, this now creates a very confusing situation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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