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<mods:title id="2A7241FB4A8EA7B7C08C057366D6E02F">Systematics and phylogeny of Dolichopodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EAD5BE8F469139AA2B1400613B1DA912">SCOTT E. BROOKS</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF872E4C7350FE4FFDE9DAD5" blockId="59.[264,607,446,507]" box="[264,607,446,472]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="075481F9FF872E4C7350FE4FFDE9DAD5" bold="true" box="[264,607,446,472]" fontSize="11" level="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="6">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C7350FE4FFDE9DAD5" bold="true" box="[264,607,446,472]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C7307FE4FFDE9DAD5" ID-CoL="4RWM" ID-ENA="310633" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[351,607,446,472]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C7307FE4FFDA4DAD5" bold="true" box="[351,530,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Gymnopternus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF872E4C7350FE10FE17DAF6" blockId="59.[264,607,446,507]" box="[264,417,481,507]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
(
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FF872E4C7349FE10FED4DAF6" box="[273,354,481,507]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="60.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[332,1254,320,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[324,1263,313,1688]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 13. Gymnopternus cupreus and G. a e ro s u s: (A) G. cupreus, male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) G. cupreus, male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) G. cupreus, male genitalia, postgonite and subepandrial sclerite / hypandrial arm complex, lateral view; (D) G. cupreus, male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (E) G. a e ro s u s, female genitalia, dorsal view; (F) G. ae ro s us, female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170766/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
A–F)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="14B9651EFF872E4C7350FDC0FB96D8D8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF872E4C7350FDC0FB07D985" blockId="59.[264,1323,561,744]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7CB311BBFF872E4C7350FDC0FB07D985" infered="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C7350FDC0FDE2D945" ID-CoL="4RWM" authority="Loew, 1857: 10" authorityName="Loew" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1857" box="[264,596,561,584]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C7350FDC0FE13D945" box="[264,421,561,584]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Gymnopternus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="DD021084FF872E4C73F4FDC0FDE2D945" author="Loew" box="[428,596,561,584]" page="10" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1857">
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF872E4C73F4FDC0FD9BD945" author="Loew" box="[428,557,561,584]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Loew, H. (1857) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Dipteren. Funfter Beitrag. Programme der Koniglichen Realschule zu Meseritz, pp. 1 - 56." type="book chapter" year="1857">Loew, 1857</bibRefCitation>
: 10
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="83188837FF872E4C7007FDC0FD22D945" box="[607,660,561,584]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C70AEFDC0FBA3D945" ID-CoL="376CS" authority="Fallen" authorityName="Fallen" box="[758,1045,561,584]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Dolichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C70AEFDC0FC7DD945" box="[758,971,561,584]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Dolichopus cupreus</emphasis>
Fallén
</taxonomicName>
[Palaearctic], designation by 
<treatmentCitation id="DD021084FF872E4C7304FDA0FDF1D965" author="Coquillett" box="[348,583,593,616]" page="548" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF872E4C7304FDA0FDB9D965" author="Coquillett" box="[348,527,593,616]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Coquillett, D. W. (1910) The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37, 499 - 647." type="journal article" year="1910">Coquillett, 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 548
</treatmentCitation>
. Listed as a subgenus (
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF872E4C7110FDA0FC7FD965" author="Pollet" box="[840,969,593,616]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Pollet, M. (1990) Phenetic and ecological relationships between species of the subgenus Hercostomus (Gymnopternus) in western Europe with the description of two new species (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Systematic Entomology, 15, 359 - 382." type="journal article" year="1990">Pollet 1990</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF872E4C718FFDA0FBCED965" author="Chandler" box="[983,1144,593,616]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Chandler, P. J. (Ed.) (1998) Checklists of Insects of the British Isles (New Series). Part 1: Diptera. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, 12 (1), 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1998">Chandler 1998</bibRefCitation>
) or synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C7360FD80FE72D985" ID-CoL="4VS7" box="[312,452,625,648]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Hercostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C7360FD80FE72D985" box="[312,452,625,648]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hercostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF872E4C738AFD80FDF0D985" author="Dyte" box="[466,582,625,648]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Dyte, C. E. (1975) Family Dolichopodidae, In: Delfinado, M. D. &amp; Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Volume II. Suborder Brachycera through Division Aschiza. Suborder Cyclorrhapha. University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 212 - 258." type="book chapter" year="1975">Dyte 1975</bibRefCitation>
, 1976; 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF872E4C70CCFD80FCDFD985" author="Dyte" box="[660,873,625,648]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Dyte, C. E. &amp; Smith, K. G. V. (1980) Family Dolichopodidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 443 - 463." type="book chapter" year="1980">Dyte &amp; Smith 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF872E4C712BFD80FBABD985" author="Negrobov" box="[883,1053,625,648]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Negrobov, O. P. (1991) Family Dolichopodidae, In: Soos, A. &amp; Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 7. Dolichopodidae - Platypezidae. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 139." type="book" year="1991">Negrobov 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF872E4C7670FD80FB12D985" author="Poole" box="[1064,1188,625,648]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Poole, R. W. (1996) Diptera. In: Poole, R. W. &amp; Gentili, P. (Eds.), Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America. Volume 3. Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, pp. 15 - 604." type="book" year="1996">Poole 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF872E4C7350FD60FBF3D9E5" blockId="59.[264,1323,561,744]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C7350FD60FDDFD9A5" authority="Bigot, 1888a" authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1888" box="[264,617,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paragymnopternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C7350FD60FE62D9A5" box="[264,468,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Paragymnopternus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF872E4C7383FD60FDDFD9A5" author="Bigot" box="[475,617,657,680]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Bigot, J. M. F. (1888 a) [Les etudes et les connaissances dipterologiques]. Bulletin Bimensuel de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1888 (3), xxiv." type="journal article" year="1888" yearSuffix="a">Bigot, 1888a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: xxiv [1888c: xxiv; 1890: 281]. 
<typeStatus id="83188837FF872E4C71E7FD60FC42D9A5" box="[959,1012,657,680]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C760DFD60FECDD9C5" ID-CoL="376CS" authority="Fallen" authorityName="Fallen" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Dolichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C760DFD60FA9CD9A5" box="[1109,1322,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Dolichopus cupreus</emphasis>
Fallén
</taxonomicName>
[Palaearctic], designation by 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF872E4C70E7FD40FC76D9C5" author="Evenhuis" box="[703,960,689,712]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. &amp; Pont A. C. (2004) The Diptera genera of Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot. Zootaxa, 751, 1 - 94" type="journal article" year="2004">Evenhuis &amp; Pont, 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 46. Junior objective synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C7360FD20FDEAD9E5" ID-CoL="4RWM" authority="Loew, 1857" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1857" box="[312,604,721,744]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C7360FD20FE63D9E5" box="[312,469,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Gymnopternus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF872E4C7384FD20FDEAD9E5" author="Loew" box="[476,604,721,744]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Loew, H. (1857) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Dipteren. Funfter Beitrag. Programme der Koniglichen Realschule zu Meseritz, pp. 1 - 56." type="book chapter" year="1857">Loew, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, synonymized by 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF872E4C7145FD20FBAFD9E5" author="Evenhuis" box="[797,1049,721,744]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. &amp; Pont A. C. (2004) The Diptera genera of Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot. Zootaxa, 751, 1 - 94" type="journal article" year="2004">Evenhuis &amp; Pont, 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 46.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF872E4C7350FCE9FB96D8D8" blockId="59.[264,1327,792,1901]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C7350FCE9FE13D83F" bold="true" box="[264,421,792,818]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Recognition.</emphasis>
This genus is distinguished by its nearly straight wing vein M, R4+5 and M parallel to subparallel, pleuron with a cluster of fine hairs in front of the posterior spiracle, fore tibia usually with an anterodorsal comb­like row of strong, often spine­like setae. 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C7350FC65FE03D8A0" ID-CoL="4RWM" box="[264,437,916,941]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C7350FC65FE03D8A0" box="[264,437,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Gymnopternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C70F8FC65FCF1D8A0" box="[672,839,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">New Genus A</emphasis>
, but can be distinguished by characters given in the “Recognition” section for 
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C7096FC4DFCD8D8D8" box="[718,878,956,981]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">New Genus A</emphasis>
and in the key.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14B9651EFF872E497360FC12FD2DDEEB" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF872E4C7360FC12FB67DDA8" blockId="59.[264,1327,792,1901]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C7360FC12FE66D8F0" bold="true" box="[312,464,995,1021]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Description.</emphasis>
Head: Vertex not excavated, 1 pair of strong vertical setae, stronger than postverticals. Frons about 1.8–3.0 x wider than high, sides subparallel to slightly convergent anteriorly, bare or with 1–3 fine hairs in front of each vertical seta (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C76CEFBC5FE3DDF78" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C76CEFBC5FA9DDF40" box="[1174,1323,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. annulatus</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C73CFFBADFD34DF78" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[407,642,1115,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatulus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C73CFFBADFD81DF78" box="[407,567,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. barbatulus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C70D6FBADFC2EDF78" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[654,920,1115,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ohioensis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C70D6FBADFCA8DF78" box="[654,798,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. ohioensis</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C71FDFBADFB56DF78" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[933,1248,1115,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propriofacies">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C71FDFBADFBD7DF78" box="[933,1121,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. propriofacies</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
). Face concave, bare or with a few weak hairs, broad to narrow in male, sides strongly to weakly convergent below, narrowest at or above upper clypeal margin, usually broader in female with sides convergent to subparallel. Clypeus pubescent or bare, flat to weakly produced, sometimes strongly produced in female, lower margin straight or slightly emarginate, ending well above lower eye margin. Palp ovoid, rounded to subtriangular apically, with weak setae on apical half of outer surface, usually with distinct apical seta. Antenna: Scape subconical, with distinct acute medioventral process; pedicel short, medial margin occasionally strongly projecting into first flagellomere; first flagellomere variable, subquadrate, ovoid or subtriangular to triangular, sometimes acute and elongate in male (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C76EBFA35FECDDD08" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C76EBFA35FE9CDD08" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. subulatus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
), about as long as wide to over 
<date id="281D1055FF872E4C70A2FA1AFC96DD08" box="[762,800,1515,1541]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2 x</date>
longer than wide, usually more well­developed and elongate in male; arista dorsal, 2­segmented, second segment pubescent, nearly plumose in some species, occasionally bare with apical lamella in male (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C76C6F9CDFEC9DD70" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigribarbis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C76C6F9CDFE9CDD70" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. nigribarbis</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF872E4C73CBF995FD1FDD70" authority="Melander" authorityName="Melander" box="[403,681,1635,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirificus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C73CBF995FD95DD70" box="[403,547,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. mirificus</emphasis>
Melander
</taxonomicName>
). Lowermost postocular seta occasionally stronger. Postvertical setae slightly to distinctly stronger than uppermost pair of postoculars.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF872E4A7360F942FB2EDAA3" blockId="59.[264,1327,792,1901]" lastBlockId="61.[264,1325,284,1883]" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Thorax: Acrostichals biserial; usually with 6 dorsocentrals, occasionally with 5 (e.g., 
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF872E4C7350F92DFEDDDDF8" box="[264,363,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. f l a v u s</emphasis>
Loew), penultimate pair strongly offset medially, posterior part of mesonotum in front of scutellum bare or with fine setae; 1 strong outer posthumeral, 1 weaker inner posthumeral, sometimes indistinct; 2 notopleurals; 1 presutural; 1 sutural; 2 supraalars; 1 postalar. Upper part of propleuron with fine hairs, outer 2–3 hairs sometimes slightly stronger; lower part of propleuron with 1 strong prothoracic seta and fine hairs; pleural surface in front of posterior spiracle with at least 1 fine hair, usually with a cluster of 2–10 fine hairs; metepisternum with 1 or more fine hairs. Scutellum with 1 strong inner seta and 1 minute outer seta on lateral margin, dorsal surface and margin bare or with fine hairs.
</paragraph>
<caption id="08DC661DFF802E4B7350F943FBE5DC6C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170766/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[332,1254,320,1682]" targetPageId="60">
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF802E4B7350F943FBE5DC6C" blockId="60.[264,1323,1714,1889]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF802E4B7350F943FE2DDDC7" bold="true" box="[264,411,1714,1738]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF802E4B73FDF942FD16DDC7" box="[421,672,1715,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF802E4B73FDF942FD16DDC7" box="[421,672,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Gymnopternus cupreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF802E4B7081F942FCFEDDC7" box="[729,840,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. a e ro s u s</emphasis>
: (A) 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF802E4B71D4F942FC49DDC7" box="[908,1023,1715,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF802E4B71D4F942FC49DDC7" box="[908,1023,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. cupreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF802E4B73B4F929FDE9DDE2" box="[492,607,1752,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF802E4B73B4F929FDE9DDE2" box="[492,607,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. cupreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF802E4B762BF929FB50DDE2" box="[1139,1254,1752,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF802E4B762BF929FB50DDE2" box="[1139,1254,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. cupreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male genitalia, postgonite and subepandrial sclerite/hypandrial arm complex, lateral view; (D) 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF802E4B774CF90FFEEDDC37" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF802E4B774CF90FFEEDDC37" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. cupreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (E) 
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF802E4B76EBF8D2FA97DC37" box="[1203,1313,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. a e ro s u s</emphasis>
, female genitalia, dorsal view; (F) 
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF802E4B7029F8BBFD6BDC6C" box="[625,733,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. ae ro s us</emphasis>
, female genitalia, left lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF812E4A7360FE4DFCBDD883" blockId="61.[264,1325,284,1883]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Legs: Pulvilli developed normally on all legs, occasionally slightly enlarged on fore tarsus of male (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A73A0FE15FD16DAF3" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[504,672,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A73A0FE15FDE0DAF0" box="[504,598,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. exilis</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A7082FE15FC6FDAF3" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[730,985,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subdilatatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A7082FE15FC3FDAF0" box="[730,905,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. subdilatatus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
). Foreleg: Tibia usually with distinct anterodorsal comb­like row of strong, often spine­like setae, usually preceded by 1 strong anterodorsal seta; males of some species (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A7126FDC5FBA8D940" box="[894,1054,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatulus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A7126FDC5FBA8D940" box="[894,1054,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. barbatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A7674FDC5FB0ED940" box="[1068,1208,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. o h i o e n s i s</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A7692FDC5FED8D978" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. p ro p ­ riofacies</emphasis>
) with fine ventral hairs on tarsomeres 2–5. Midleg: Femur with 1 anterior preapical seta, some species with 1 strong posteroventral preapical in addition to terminal posteroventral preapical, which is also sometimes developed (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A7676FD5DFB72D9C8" box="[1070,1220,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A7676FD5DFB72D9C8" box="[1070,1220,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. annulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A768DFD5DFEE8D9E0" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatulus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A768DFD5DFEE8D9E0" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. barbatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A7336FD25FE4DD9E0" box="[366,507,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. o h i o e n s i s</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A7056FD25FD7AD9E0" box="[526,716,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propriofacies">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A7056FD25FD7AD9E0" box="[526,716,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. propriofacies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Hindleg: Coxa with strong lateral seta near middle; femur with 1 anterodorsal preapical seta; tibia sometimes with apical, ridge­like or dentiform process posterodorsally in male; basitarsus shorter than second tarsomere, most species with distinct basiventral seta, males of most species with distinct dentiform process and/or sclerotized ridge posterobasally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF812E4A7360FC6DFD40DFBC" blockId="61.[264,1325,284,1883]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Wing: Brownish to hyaline. Costa of male occasionally swollen basally before R1 (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A7316FC36FDD9D8EC" authority="Staeger" authorityName="Staeger" box="[334,623,967,993]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A7316FC36FE40D8ED" box="[334,502,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. brevicornis</emphasis>
(Staeger)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A7027FC36FD6CD8ED" box="[639,730,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. c e l e r</emphasis>
(Meigen)); R2+3 straight to weakly convex; R4+5 nearly straight or with slight posterior curve in distal section, usually straightening just before apex; distal section of M beyond crossvein dm­cu usually with barely discernable sinuous bend before middle, nearly straight, or with slight posterior curve in distal section similar to that of R4+5, ending near wing apex; R4+5 and M parallel to subparallel; crossvein dm­cu shorter than distal section of CuA1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF812E497360FB30FB88DFC3" blockId="61.[264,1325,284,1883]" lastBlockId="62.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Abdomen: Subconical. Male: T6 bare; S2 unmodified or weakly emarginate and membranous anteriorly and posteriorly; S3 weakly to strongly emarginate and membranous posteriorly; S4 strongly emarginate and membranous posteriorly to entirely divided medially; S5 mainly membranous with weakly sclerotized regions, often with weakly sclerotized lateral longitudinal bands, distal portion sometimes with narrow medial sclerotization, pair of eversible of glands often present (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A7193FA78FB1DDEAE" authority="Fallen" authorityName="Fallen" box="[971,1195,1417,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aerosus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A7193FA78FBF3DEAF" box="[971,1093,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. aerosus</emphasis>
(Fallén)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A76EEFA78FE9CDEC7" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. a s s i m i ­ lus</emphasis>
(Staeger), 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A73F3FA40FD91DEC7" box="[427,551,1457,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A73F3FA40FD91DEC7" box="[427,551,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. cupreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A706DFA40FCE6DEC6" authority="Stannius" authorityName="Stannius" box="[565,848,1457,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A706DFA40FD7BDEC7" box="[565,717,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. metallicus</emphasis>
(Stannius)
</taxonomicName>
, see 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FF812E4A71D0FA40FBEDDEC6" author="Couturier" box="[904,1115,1457,1483]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Couturier, G. (1974) Presence d'une glande exsertile chez les males de la sous-famille des Dolichopodinae [Dipt. Dolichopodidae]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 79, 240 - 248." type="journal article" year="1974">Couturier (1974))</bibRefCitation>
; S6 mainly membranous, weakly sclerotized along anterior and/or lateral margin; segment 7 forming welldeveloped peduncle; S8 heart­shaped, often with short, narrow stalk­like base, setose. Hypopygium (
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FF812E4A73EBF9D8FDB3DD4E" box="[435,517,1577,1603]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="60.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[332,1254,320,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[324,1263,313,1688]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 13. Gymnopternus cupreus and G. a e ro s u s: (A) G. cupreus, male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) G. cupreus, male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) G. cupreus, male genitalia, postgonite and subepandrial sclerite / hypandrial arm complex, lateral view; (D) G. cupreus, male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (E) G. a e ro s u s, female genitalia, dorsal view; (F) G. ae ro s us, female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170766/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
A–D) large, nearly as large as abdomen in some species. Epandrium 1.5–1.8 x longer than high, ovoid in lateral view; foramen positioned anterolaterally, wellseparated from base of cerci; basiventral epandrial lobe absent to moderately developed, basiventral epandrial seta usually present, occasionally absent (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A766AF950FB70DDB7" box="[1074,1222,1697,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A766AF950FB70DDB7" box="[1074,1222,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. annulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A768FF950FEE8DDEF" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatulus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A768FF950FEE8DDEF" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. barbatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); apicoventral epandrial lobe well­developed, short and broad to elongate and slen­ der, enlarged apically, with 1 strong lateral to lateroventral seta near or slightly beyond middle, 2 smaller preapical to apical setae, occasionally with a cluster of apical setae (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF812E4A7350F8B0FDB5DC56" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[264,515,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weemsi">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF812E4A7350F8B0FE35DC57" box="[264,387,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">G. weemsi</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
). Surstylus bilobed. Ventral lobe variable, more or less digitiform, often with dorsal projections, apex usually tapered bearing a stout seta. Dorsal lobe laterally flattened, apex rounded to acute upcurved, often rugose laterally, usually with 1 strong dorsal to apical seta often on a tubercle, subequal to slightly longer than ventral lobe. Postgonite (
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FF822E49733BFE65FE0CDAA3" box="[355,442,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="60.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[332,1254,320,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[324,1263,313,1688]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 13. Gymnopternus cupreus and G. a e ro s u s: (A) G. cupreus, male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) G. cupreus, male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) G. cupreus, male genitalia, postgonite and subepandrial sclerite / hypandrial arm complex, lateral view; (D) G. cupreus, male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (E) G. a e ro s u s, female genitalia, dorsal view; (F) G. ae ro s us, female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170766/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
B,C) with anteroventral portion usually very reduced to absent, occasionally developed, weakly sclerotized, flat, broad and emarginate anteriorly; posterodorsal portion well­developed and complex, usually broad, with ventral medial lobe and a pair of dorsolateral lobes, often with secondary dorsal and lateral membranous lobes, ventral medial lobe occasionally absent. Proctiger brushes absent. Cercus small to medium­sized, occasionally large, variable in shape ranging from subtriangular to ovoid to subrectangular to crescent­shaped, occasionally bilobate (
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E4970A7FD75FCE8D990" box="[767,862,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4970A7FD75FCE8D990" box="[767,862,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">G. exilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Hypandrium simple, narrow, troughlike, mainly free laterally, fused to epandrium distinctly anterior to basiventral epandrial lobe/seta (
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FF822E4973DAFD25FE6FD9E3" box="[386,473,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="60.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[332,1254,320,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[324,1263,313,1688]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 13. Gymnopternus cupreus and G. a e ro s u s: (A) G. cupreus, male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) G. cupreus, male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) G. cupreus, male genitalia, postgonite and subepandrial sclerite / hypandrial arm complex, lateral view; (D) G. cupreus, male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (E) G. a e ro s u s, female genitalia, dorsal view; (F) G. ae ro s us, female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170766/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
D); hypandrial apodeme present, well­developed; hypandrial arms connected to hypandrium, sometimes also narrowly fused to epandrium laterally near basiventral epandrial seta/lobe. Sperm pump large, reniform; ejaculatory apodeme elongate, curved ventrally with acute apex, distinctly flattened laterally to rod­like, often weakly sclerotized and translucent, usually with long basal projections appressed to base of phallus (
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FF822E497361FC6DFE38D8BB" box="[313,398,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="60.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[332,1254,320,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[324,1263,313,1688]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 13. Gymnopternus cupreus and G. a e ro s u s: (A) G. cupreus, male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) G. cupreus, male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) G. cupreus, male genitalia, postgonite and subepandrial sclerite / hypandrial arm complex, lateral view; (D) G. cupreus, male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (E) G. a e ro s u s, female genitalia, dorsal view; (F) G. ae ro s us, female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170766/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
B), projections occasionally short (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E497106FC6DFB25D8BB" authority="Yang &amp; Saigusa" authorityName="Yang &amp; Saigusa" box="[862,1171,924,950]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petilus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497106FC6DFC7DD8B8" box="[862,971,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">G. petilus</emphasis>
Yang &amp; Saigusa
</taxonomicName>
); basal sclerite of sperm pump variably sclerotized, nearly straight in dorsal view with lateral triangular projections. Phallus elongate and slender, apex weakly serrate and/or with dentiform process. Female (
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FF822E497044FBE5FDC5DF23" box="[540,627,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="60.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[332,1254,320,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[324,1263,313,1688]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 13. Gymnopternus cupreus and G. a e ro s u s: (A) G. cupreus, male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) G. cupreus, male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) G. cupreus, male genitalia, postgonite and subepandrial sclerite / hypandrial arm complex, lateral view; (D) G. cupreus, male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (E) G. a e ro s u s, female genitalia, dorsal view; (F) G. ae ro s us, female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170766/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
E,F): T6, T7, S6 and S7 undivided, T6 and T7 often with darkened proximal and lateral margins; T8 and S8 divided medially, tergite and sternite weakly fused anterolaterally. T10 divided medially into hemitergites each bearing 4 spines along outer margin, spines rounded and flattened apically. Upper lobe of cercus usually with long apical seta, seta occasionally reduced (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E497126FB45FB82DFC0" box="[894,1076,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatulatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497126FB45FB82DFC0" box="[894,1076,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">G. barbatulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF822E497360FB2DFD30DE13" blockId="62.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497360FB2DFD39DFFB" bold="true" box="[312,655,1244,1270]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Geographical Distribution.</emphasis>
This genus is widespead and occurs in the Nearctic, Palaearctic and Oriental regions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF822E497360FADDFD2DDEEB" blockId="62.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497360FADDFD26DE4B" bold="true" box="[312,656,1324,1350]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Phylogenetic Relationships.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E4970C0FADDFCF2DE48" box="[664,836,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4970C0FADDFCF2DE48" box="[664,836,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Gymnopternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms the sister group to the 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E4976FBFADDFA9CDE48" box="[1187,1322,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Dolichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4976FBFADDFA9CDE48" box="[1187,1322,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Dolichopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497378FAA5FE76DE60" box="[288,448,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457FCFF822E497378FAA5FE11DE60" box="[288,423,1364,1389]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">New Genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
A
</emphasis>
clade based on the possession of a cluster of setae in front of the posterior spiracle. As discussed above (see “ 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E4970EAFA8DFC8FDE98" box="[690,825,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Dolichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4970EAFA8DFC8FDE98" box="[690,825,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Dolichopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group”), 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E4971A7FA8DFB1DDE98" box="[1023,1195,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4971A7FA8DFB1DDE98" box="[1023,1195,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Gymnopternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be regarded as a genus and not placed in 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E49709CFA55FCEBDEB0" box="[708,861,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Hercostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E49709CFA55FCEBDEB0" box="[708,861,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Hercostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym or subgenus, as has been done by most Palaearctic workers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14B9651EFF822E497360FA05FCC4DDA3" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF822E497360FA05FCC4DDA3" blockId="62.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497360FA05FE07DD03" bold="true" box="[312,433,1524,1550]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Remarks.</emphasis>
Most species of 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E4970CBFA05FCF6DD00" box="[659,832,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4970CBFA05FCF6DD00" box="[659,832,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Gymnopternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a distinctive anterodorsal row of strong setae on the fore tibia. A similar modification has also arisen in some members of the 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E497364F9B5FDC7DD50" box="[316,625,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Hercostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiventris">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497364F9B5FDC7DD50" box="[316,625,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Hercostomus longiventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E497177F9B5FC6ADD50" box="[815,988,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Hercostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicaudis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497177F9B5FC6ADD50" box="[815,988,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">H. fulvicaudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E4971ABF9B5FBC6DD50" box="[1011,1136,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Hercostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4971ABF9B5FBC6DD50" box="[1011,1136,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">H. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E4976C9F9B5FDA1DD8B" authority="Stannius" authorityName="Stannius" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Hercostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriplantis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4976C9F9B5FE27DD88" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Hercostomus nigriplantis</emphasis>
(Stannius)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E497070F99DFCC0DD88" box="[552,886,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Allohercostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497070F99DFCC0DD88" box="[552,886,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Allohercostomus rotundatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E4971D1F99DFB04DD88" box="[905,1202,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Poecilobothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aberrans">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4971D1F99DFB04DD88" box="[905,1202,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Poecilobothrus aberrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and outside the 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E497332F965FD93DDA3" box="[362,549,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichopodinae">Dolichopodinae</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E497012F965FCDDDDA0" box="[586,875,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Colobocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alchymicus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497012F965FCDDDDA0" box="[586,875,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Colobocerus alchymicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14B9651EFF822E487360F94DFC77D833" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FF822E487360F94DFC77D833" blockId="62.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="63.[264,1323,283,830]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497360F94DFD85DDDB" bold="true" box="[312,563,1724,1750]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E497064F94DFC04DDDB" authority="Fallen" authorityName="Fallen" box="[572,946,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aerosus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497064F94DFCFDDDD8" box="[572,843,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Gymnopternus aerosus</emphasis>
(Fallén)
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497191F94DFB9CDDDB" bold="true" box="[969,1066,1724,1750]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">PA, OR</emphasis>
]: 5ɗ, 4Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF822E4976F1F94DFB5DDDDB" box="[1193,1259,1724,1750]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">CNC</collectionCode>
); 5ɗ, 3Ψ (LEM); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E4973C9F915FCF4DDF3" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[401,834,1764,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4973C9F915FD01DDF0" box="[401,695,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Gymnopternus annulatus</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E49710EF915FCC9DDF3" bold="true" box="[854,895,1764,1790]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">NE</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF822E497191F915FBBDDDF3" box="[969,1035,1764,1790]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E497647F915FE3CDC2B" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatulus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497647F915FE8FDC28" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Gymnopternus barbatulus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4973FDF8FDFE78DC2B" bold="true" box="[421,462,1804,1830]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">NE</emphasis>
]: 8ɗ, 4Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF822E497004F8FDFD28DC2B" box="[604,670,1804,1830]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E4970E1F8FDFBC4DC2B" authority="Staeger" authorityName="Staeger" box="[697,1138,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4970E1F8FDFC40DC28" box="[697,1014,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Gymnopternus brevicornis</emphasis>
(Staeger)
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4976D5F8FDFB06DC2B" bold="true" box="[1165,1200,1804,1830]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">PA</emphasis>
]: 3ɗ, 3Ψ (LEM); 3ɗ, 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF822E497388F8C5FDA4DC43" box="[464,530,1844,1870]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF822E497071F8C5FC27DC43" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[553,913,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celer">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E497071F8C5FCAFDC40" box="[553,793,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Gymnopternus celer</emphasis>
(Meigen)
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF822E4971F0F8C5FC7DDC43" bold="true" box="[936,971,1844,1870]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">PA</emphasis>
]: 3ɗ, 3Ψ (LEM); 2ɗ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF822E497683F8C5FAABDC43" box="[1243,1309,1844,1870]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E487350FEEDFD1EDA3B" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[264,680,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congruens">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487350FEEDFD80DA38" box="[264,566,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus congruens</emphasis>
(Becker)
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E4870E6FEEAFD5CDA38" bold="true" box="[702,746,283,309]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">OR</emphasis>
]: 6ɗ, 4Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E487131FEEDFC1DDA3B" box="[873,939,284,310]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 2ɗ, 1Ψ (LEM); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E487626FEEDFE5FDA53" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487626FEEDFE23DA50" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus crassicauda</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48705DFEB2FD98DA50" bold="true" box="[517,558,323,349]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E487099FEB5FCB5DA53" box="[705,771,324,350]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E487178FEB5FB13DA53" authority="Fallen" authorityName="Fallen" box="[800,1189,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487178FEB5FB81DA50" box="[800,1079,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus cupreus</emphasis>
(Fallén)
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48769BFEB2FB50DA50" bold="true" box="[1219,1254,323,349]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">PA</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E487348FE9DFEE4DA8B" box="[272,338,364,390]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 4 ɗ, 1Ψ (LEM); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E48706BFE9DFC35DA8B" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[563,899,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48706BFE9DFC81DA88" box="[563,823,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus debilis</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E4871C2FE9AFC75DA88" bold="true" box="[922,963,363,389]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E48761CFE9DFB30DA8B" box="[1092,1158,364,390]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E4876C5FE9DFE75DAA3" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E4876C5FE9DFEC1DAA0" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus exilis</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487381FE62FDB4DAA0" bold="true" box="[473,514,403,429]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 9ɗ, 2Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E4870D8FE65FD74DAA3" box="[640,706,404,430]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E48708FFE65FBA8DAA3" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[727,1054,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48708FFE65FC64DAA0" box="[727,978,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus flavus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48766CFE62FBEBDAA0" bold="true" box="[1076,1117,403,429]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 5ɗ, 3Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E487683FE65FAABDAA3" box="[1243,1309,404,430]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E487350FE4DFDCFDADB" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[264,633,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frequens">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487350FE4DFD91DAD8" box="[264,551,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus frequens</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E4870CEFE4AFD09DAD8" bold="true" box="[662,703,443,469]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 11ɗ, 5Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E487106FE4DFC16DADB" box="[862,928,444,470]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E4871E4FE4DFA90DADB" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[956,1318,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E4871E4FE4DFB62DAD8" box="[956,1236,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus humilus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48734AFE12FE8DDAF0" bold="true" box="[274,315,483,509]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 12ɗ, 3Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E48739FFE15FDBFDAF3" box="[455,521,484,510]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E487046FE15FC60DAF3" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[542,982,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividifrons">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487046FE15FCFDDAF0" box="[542,843,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus lividifrons</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E4871B4FE12FBA3DAF0" bold="true" box="[1004,1045,483,509]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ, 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E4876CAFE15FB62DAF3" box="[1170,1236,484,510]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E4876B1FE15FDEAD92B" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigribarbis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E4876B1FE15FDBAD928" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus nigribarbis</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48702DFDFAFD28D928" bold="true" box="[629,670,523,549]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 8ɗ, 3Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E48717EFDFDFCDED92B" box="[806,872,524,550]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E4871D9FDFDFA90D92B" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[897,1318,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ohioensis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E4871D9FDFDFB1ED928" box="[897,1192,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus ohioensis</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48734AFDC2FE8DD940" bold="true" box="[274,315,563,589]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E4873DFFDC5FE70D943" box="[391,454,564,590]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CAS</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E487383FDC5FC98D943" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[475,814,564,590]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487383FDC5FD54D940" box="[475,738,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus opacus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48711BFDC2FCDAD940" bold="true" box="[835,876,563,589]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 6ɗ, 3Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E4871B1FDC5FB9DD943" box="[1001,1067,564,590]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E487618FDC5FE47D97B" authority="Yang &amp; Saigusa" authorityName="Yang &amp; Saigusa" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petilus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487618FDC5FE9CD978" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus petilus</emphasis>
Yang &amp; Saigusa
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48705EFDAAFD9FD978" bold="true" box="[518,553,603,629]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">PA</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ 
<typeStatus id="83188837FF832E487035FDADFD63D97B" box="[621,725,604,630]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1Ψ 
<typeStatus id="83188837FF832E487151FDADFCD8D97B" box="[777,878,604,630]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E487126FDADFC71D97B" box="[894,967,604,630]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">ISNB</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E487182FDADFECDD993" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propriofacies">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487182FDADFA9DD978" box="[986,1323,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus propriofacies</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E4873CDFD75FE08D993" bold="true" box="[405,446,644,670]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 5ɗ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E48704AFD75FDE7D993" box="[530,593,644,670]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CAS</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E487032FD75FC75D993" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[618,963,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotias">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487032FD75FCC5D990" box="[618,883,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus scotias</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487184FD75FBB3D993" bold="true" box="[988,1029,644,670]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ, 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E4876D6FD75FB66D993" box="[1166,1232,644,670]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E4876B1FD75FD89D9CB" authority="Pollet" authorityName="Pollet" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E4876B1FD75FE59D9C8" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus silvestris</emphasis>
Pollet
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48700FFD5DFDCCD9CB" bold="true" box="[599,634,684,710]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">PA</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ (LEM); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E487100FD5DFB6FD9CB" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[856,1241,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487100FD5DFB3DD9C8" box="[856,1163,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus spectabilis</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E4876A8FD5DFAAFD9CB" bold="true" box="[1264,1305,684,710]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 7ɗ, 7Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E487329FD25FE05D9E3" box="[369,435,724,750]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E487393FD25FCE9D9E3" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[459,863,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subdilatatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487393FD25FCA6D9E0" box="[459,784,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus subdilatatus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48712FFD25FC16D9E3" bold="true" box="[887,928,724,750]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 6ɗ, 3Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E48767CFD25FBD0D9E3" box="[1060,1126,724,750]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E487626FD25FE72D81B" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487626FD25FECED818" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus subulatus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E487382FD0DFDB5D81B" bold="true" box="[474,515,764,790]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 7ɗ, 6Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E487027FD0DFD77D81B" box="[639,705,764,790]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E48708EFD0DFBC9D81B" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[726,1151,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vockerothi">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48708EFD0DFBB3D818" box="[726,1029,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus vockerothi</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E4876CDFD0DFB08D81B" bold="true" box="[1173,1214,764,790]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 6ɗ, 4Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E487348FCD5FEE4D833" box="[272,338,804,830]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CNC</collectionCode>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FF832E48733FFCD5FD5AD833" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[359,748,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weemsi">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48733FFCD5FDC7D830" box="[359,625,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Gymnopternus weemsi</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FF832E48715AFCD5FC9DD833" bold="true" box="[770,811,804,830]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NE</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FF832E48712EFCD5FC03D833" box="[886,949,804,830]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">CAS</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>