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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" ID-PMC="PMC5523356" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-683-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" ID-PubMed="28769729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1149788" ID-ZooBank="D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32" ModsDocID="1313-2970-683-51" checkinTime="1502744546974" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Anzaldo, Salvatore S." docDate="2017" docId="CA8CE50E880C0CC976F081210F7C9E4E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 683: 51-138" docOrigin="ZooKeys 683" docPubDate="2017-07-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" docTitle="Archocopturus Heller 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" masterDocTitle="Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="88" updateTime="1668164589837" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Anzaldo, Salvatore S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287 - 4501, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sanzaldo@asu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2017-07-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number>683</mods:number>
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
<mods:end>138</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649126" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA8CE50E880C0CC976F081210F7C9E4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA8CE50E880C0CC976F081210F7C9E4E" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName LSID="CA8CE50E-880C-0CC9-76F0-81210F7C9E4E" authority="Heller, 1895: 56" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Archocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="88" start="start">Archocopturus</pageBreakToken>
Heller, 1895: 56
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4654" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 46 - 54. Variation in eye shape. 46 Poecilogaster brevis [ARTSYS 0000805] with relatively vertical, separated eyes 47 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] showing subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a broad interocular space 48 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 0086637] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a thin lanceolate space 49 Cylindrocopturus quercus [ASUHIC 0016905] with vertical, separated eyes 50 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with widely separated eyes and a very thin rostrum 51 Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC 0016882], showing a strongly depressed interocular space 52 Male Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064708] showing oval, subcontiguous eyes and an apical antennal insertion on the rostrum 53 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] showing ovoid eyes and slender antennae 54 Zygopsella ruficauda [ARTSYS 0000526] with a sinuous lateral and mesal margin of the eyes which is strongly inflexed at the lower lateral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures4654" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143830" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Figs 48</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9194" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 91 - 94. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Lechriopini and Zygopini. All scale bars = 1 mm unless otherwise specified. 91 a-b Psomus armatus [ARTSYS 0000533] 92 a-b Turcopus viscivorus [ARTSYS 000530]; scale bar = 2 mm 93 a-b Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 94 a-b Archocopturus laselvaensis [ASUHIC 0086633]." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures9194" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143838" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">, 94</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="88" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Copturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturus regalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Copturus regalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Boheman, 1845 [by monotypy].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="88" type="gender">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Gender.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Masculine.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="88" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Archocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Archocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from the other zygopines that have a concealed pygidium and a second funicular article that is subequal to the first by the following combination of characters: the eyes are separated at the top by a small lanceolate space (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4654" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 46 - 54. Variation in eye shape. 46 Poecilogaster brevis [ARTSYS 0000805] with relatively vertical, separated eyes 47 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] showing subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a broad interocular space 48 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 0086637] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a thin lanceolate space 49 Cylindrocopturus quercus [ASUHIC 0016905] with vertical, separated eyes 50 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with widely separated eyes and a very thin rostrum 51 Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC 0016882], showing a strongly depressed interocular space 52 Male Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064708] showing oval, subcontiguous eyes and an apical antennal insertion on the rostrum 53 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] showing ovoid eyes and slender antennae 54 Zygopsella ruficauda [ARTSYS 0000526] with a sinuous lateral and mesal margin of the eyes which is strongly inflexed at the lower lateral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures4654" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143830" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">48</figureCitation>
; also in other genera - e.g. many species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the vertex of head has a triangular, transversely striolate region (visible in Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4654" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 46 - 54. Variation in eye shape. 46 Poecilogaster brevis [ARTSYS 0000805] with relatively vertical, separated eyes 47 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] showing subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a broad interocular space 48 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 0086637] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a thin lanceolate space 49 Cylindrocopturus quercus [ASUHIC 0016905] with vertical, separated eyes 50 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with widely separated eyes and a very thin rostrum 51 Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC 0016882], showing a strongly depressed interocular space 52 Male Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064708] showing oval, subcontiguous eyes and an apical antennal insertion on the rostrum 53 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] showing ovoid eyes and slender antennae 54 Zygopsella ruficauda [ARTSYS 0000526] with a sinuous lateral and mesal margin of the eyes which is strongly inflexed at the lower lateral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures4654" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143830" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">48</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9194" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 91 - 94. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Lechriopini and Zygopini. All scale bars = 1 mm unless otherwise specified. 91 a-b Psomus armatus [ARTSYS 0000533] 92 a-b Turcopus viscivorus [ARTSYS 000530]; scale bar = 2 mm 93 a-b Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 94 a-b Archocopturus laselvaensis [ASUHIC 0086633]." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures9194" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143838" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">94b</figureCitation>
for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Archocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Archocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but most noticeable in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9598" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 95 - 98. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Zygopini. Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified. 95 a-b Cylindrocopturus quercus [ARTSYS 0000819]; scale bars = 1 mm 96 a-b Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] 97 a-b Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC 0016882] 98 a-b Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001136]; scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures9598" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143839" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">95b</figureCitation>
for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cylindrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Cylindrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; also seen in some species of other genera, e.g.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Zygops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cylindrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Cylindrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) the pronotum has deep, close punctures, the profemora are unarmed, and the hind femora are carinate and ventrally toothed and do not extend much beyond the abdominal apex. Additionally, all known species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Archocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Archocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have blue-green scales on the pronotum, suggesting mimicry of the dolichopodid genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer von Waldheim" authorityYear="1819" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Medetera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Medetera" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Medetera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="55" pageNumber="106" pagination="671 - 685" refId="B72" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 2005. Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion: sibling species and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 107 (3): 671 - 685" title="Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion: sibling species and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae)." volume="107" year="2005">Hespenheide 2005</bibRefCitation>
). While this coloration is found in several other genera of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Conoderinae">Conoderinae</taxonomicName>
, the only other zygopine with it is
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygopsella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygopsella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Zygopsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Archocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Archocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily separated from by the lack of a ventral profemoral tooth and the more approximate eyes. The mesoventrite is flat in most species but posteromedially depressed in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. championi" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="championi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">A. championi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="88" type="key">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName genus="Keys" lsidName="Keys" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" rank="genus">Keys</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">
<bibRefCitation author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="55" pageNumber="106" pagination="671 - 685" refId="B72" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 2005. Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion: sibling species and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 107 (3): 671 - 685" title="Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion: sibling species and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae)." volume="107" year="2005">Hespenheide 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 673.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="88" type="phylogenetic relationships">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Phylogenetic relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">
<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion (1906b</bibRefCitation>
: 42) suggests a relationship with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygopsella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygopsella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Zygopsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The two genera have in common the deep punctures of the pronotum (also in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arachnomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arachnomorpha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Arachnomorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and blue-green scales.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="88" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Host associations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">
The South American
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Archocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archocopturus regalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Archocopturus regalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boheman, 1845) has been reared from branches of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" family="Lecythidaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="88" rank="family">Lecythidaceae</taxonomicName>
in Peru (
<bibRefCitation author="Fassbender, JL" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="53" pageNumber="104" refId="B39" refString="Fassbender, JL, 2013. Diversity, resource partitioning, and species turnover in Neotropical saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Curculionidae) associated with trees in the Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae). Ph.D Thesis, The City College of New York, New York City." title="Diversity, resource partitioning, and species turnover in Neotropical saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Curculionidae) associated with trees in the Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae). Ph. D Thesis, The City College of New York, New York City." year="2013">Fassbender 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="88" type="described species">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Described species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">
Four species are known from the focal region, which includes all four species described by
<bibRefCitation author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="55" pageNumber="106" pagination="671 - 685" refId="B72" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 2005. Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion: sibling species and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 107 (3): 671 - 685" title="Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion: sibling species and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae)." volume="107" year="2005">Hespenheide (2005)</bibRefCitation>
. One additional species is known from South America (
<bibRefCitation author="Wibmer, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute Number" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 563" refId="B153" refString="Wibmer, GJ, O'Brien, CW, 1986. Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute Number 39: 1 - 563" title="Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="39" year="1986">
Wibmer and
<normalizedToken originalValue="OBrien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
: 270,
<bibRefCitation author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="55" pageNumber="106" pagination="671 - 685" refId="B72" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 2005. Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion: sibling species and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 107 (3): 671 - 685" title="Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion: sibling species and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae)." volume="107" year="2005">Hespenheide 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 671).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="88" type="range">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">Range.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="88">
Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras (
<bibRefCitation author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="55" pageNumber="106" pagination="671 - 685" refId="B72" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 2005. Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion: sibling species and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 107 (3): 671 - 685" title="Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion: sibling species and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae)." volume="107" year="2005">Hespenheide 2005</bibRefCitation>
), Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; South America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>