plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/3B/16/87/3B168794FF1DF885FF1AFB0AB990E3C4.xml
maintenance 6f3fd9c10f added 3B
2024-06-21 12:33:57 +02:00

317 lines
34 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="D39B98C33663C40412D022586606717A" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629794286657" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hodgson, Chris J. &amp; Peronti, Ana L. B. G." docDate="2012" docId="3B168794FF1DF885FF1AFB0AB990E3C4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03372p265.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3372" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="154" masterDocId="C72FFFECFF8AF81CFF8DFFC8BB23E553" masterDocTitle="3372" masterLastPageNumber="265" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1699112745853" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="30AD14947E23FC09161CE83CF82C047C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8424785D630D610B3A34BC1D9DF70B2B">
<mods:title id="422AA19DACDD0A41AF1ECBAAE989A9E6">3372</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0FF32A3EBFEBFE77E8833023FB6F99C7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E3F16493CED7C3A802B48135E5923B38">
<mods:roleTerm id="9F3858DDBE29A6C7CF33B4F3664C5C70">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E5A5DC1023810E44DD06DECA24CE5D92">Hodgson, Chris J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="61894DE5A3322A206C1EF99BC5572062" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AEE28A6CB0681CA8FE968B52C0F73DB9">
<mods:roleTerm id="E17321B05D26472425A79A9DE9D84F30">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F842F62678C3BE0C3B7B21B1EA40B7B6">Peronti, Ana L. B. G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="983EF8E5B4B50899F652E334D9D039FD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="1722D8F6E8CE37B9249448A739B1D7F2" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="36DE2133D93F10CE6CCCBC0B45B4EAB9">
<mods:title id="F1076E7A11F980AC9FA8C08B8D911ED5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="59221E398452CBC6056DE85236CB046C">
<mods:date id="EBCC138F94F1F8851388A7FC1CEC2FEE">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9811F78B317AC128222BF23343167B74" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="6F76A7495674F2B90D157866AF24D59D">2012-07-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="307D58E327617EEE25FF67B3D3D02ED8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CEBE5E935C03AF0282457B7124A08240">3372</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B2C6556B4F47D5DE78C548EF4B87AB94" unit="page">
<mods:start id="AB58FB736D5C981D1817BA57BD86B7E2">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="70D9DF3417CF60C67886C8C718BAA2EE">265</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="2AE298E957D7E1C4107CA819CB90FF75">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9F5A43D1E0198F779D3FC0E20221DCCD" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="3B168794FF1DF885FF1AFB0AB990E3C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5255425" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5255425" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B168794FF1DF885FF1AFB0AB990E3C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B168794FF1DF885FF1AFB0AB990E3C4" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection id="FBA56509FF1DF88BFF1AFB0AB90EE18F" box="[151,557,1218,1244]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B3003682FF1DF88BFF1AFB0AB90EE18F" blockId="151.[151,557,1218,1277]" box="[151,557,1218,1244]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<heading id="E84881EEFF1DF88BFF1AFB0AB90EE18F" bold="true" box="[151,557,1218,1244]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF1DF88BFF1AFB0AB90EE18F" ID-CoL="69N8C" authority="Del Guercio" authorityName="Del Guercio" box="[151,557,1218,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFF1AFB0AB90EE18F" bold="true" box="[151,557,1218,1244]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA56509FF1DF88BFF1AFB2DBABAE1AE" box="[151,409,1253,1277]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="description">
<paragraph id="B3003682FF1DF88BFF1AFB2DBABAE1AE" blockId="151.[151,557,1218,1277]" box="[151,409,1253,1277]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
(
<figureCitation id="2B842A07FF1DF88BFF12FB2DBBD0E1AE" box="[159,243,1253,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="152.[151,244,1823,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1435,218,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-118@152.[151,1436,191,1802]" captionTargetPageId="152" captionText="FIGURE 69. C. sinensis Del Guercio. Modified after Gimpel et al. (1974). For explanation of labels, see p. 9. Notes: (i) dorsal setae long and predominantly with pointed apices; (ii) stigmatic setae in a broad triangle, extending laterally along margin; (iii) venter with a band of simple microducts along margin; (iv) simple microducts apparently absent on dorsum; (v) dorsal loculate microducts of intermediate-type; (vi) multilocular disc-pores restricted to posteriorly on abdomen; (vii) ventral tubular ducts present both anteriorly and posteriorly; (viii) legs with a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; (ix) claw digitules both broad, and (x) antennae 7 segmented." pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
; Map fig. 105)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA56509FF1DF88BFF1AFAEFB96BE06F" box="[151,584,1318,1341]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B3003682FF1DF88BFF1AFAEFB96BE06F" blockId="151.[151,584,1318,1341]" box="[151,584,1318,1341]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93AF11ACFF1DF88BFF1AFAEFB96BE06F" box="[151,584,1318,1341]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation id="321E1093FF1DF88BFF1AFAEFB967E06F" author="Del Guercio, G." box="[151,580,1318,1341]" page="3" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1900">
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF1DF88BFF1AFAEFB967E06F" ID-CoL="69N8C" authority="Del Guercio, 1900: 3" authorityName="Del Guercio" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,580,1318,1341]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFF1AFAEFBA46E06F" box="[151,357,1319,1341]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Ceroplastes sinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FF1DF88BFEE1FAEEB967E06F" author="Del Guercio, G." box="[364,580,1318,1340]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="3 - 26" refId="ref184070" refString="Del Guercio, G. (1900) Osservazioni intorno ad una nuova cocciniglia nociva agli agrumi in Italia ed al modo di immunizzare la parte legnosa delle piante contro la puntura delle coccinglie in generale e di distruggerle. (In Italian). Nuove Relazione della R. Stazione di Entomologia Agraria. Firenze 3, 3 - 26." type="journal article" year="1900">Del Guercio, 1900: 3</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA56509FF1DF885FF1AFAAABF83E007" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B3003682FF1DF88BFF1AFAAABFA9E029" blockId="151.[151,1436,1378,2036]" box="[151,1162,1378,1403]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFF1AFAAABA5AE028" bold="true" box="[151,377,1378,1403]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFE05FAABBADDE028" bold="true" box="[392,510,1379,1403]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Topotype,</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="03D73CDFFF1DF88BFD88FAABBFA6E029" box="[517,1157,1378,1403]" collectingDate="1913-03-21" collectionCode="USNM" country="Italy" location="Liguria" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Liguria">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFD88FAABB91EE028" bold="true" box="[517,573,1379,1403]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FF1DF88BFD88FAABB91EE028" box="[517,573,1379,1403]" name="Italy" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Italy</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="717BF860FF1DF88BFDC6FAAAB983E029" box="[587,672,1378,1402]" country="Italy" name="Liguria" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Liguria</collectingRegion>
,
<collectedFrom id="00A3757FFF1DF88BFD26FAABB844E028" box="[683,871,1379,1403]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
on
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF1DF88BFD40FAABB844E028" box="[717,871,1379,1403]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Erica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFD40FAABB844E028" box="[717,871,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Erica arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="C7011042FF1DF88BFCF9FAAAB8C9E029" box="[884,1002,1378,1402]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" value="1913-03-21">
<collectingDate id="D745E9AAFF1DF88BFCF9FAAAB8C9E029" box="[884,1002,1378,1402]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" value="1913-03-21">21.iii.1913</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FF1DF88BFC75FAAABF6DE029" box="[1016,1102,1378,1402]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
): 1/1
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FF1DF88BFF4AFA4DB8BFE31D" blockId="151.[151,1436,1378,2036]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFF4AFA4DBBD8E0CD" bold="true" box="[199,251,1413,1438]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Also</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFE84FA4DBA53E0CD" bold="true" box="[265,368,1413,1438]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Madeira</emphasis>
, Funchal, on
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF1DF88BFD8FFA4EB98CE0CE" box="[514,687,1414,1438]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Streptosolen" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFD8FFA4EB9ABE0CD" box="[514,648,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Streptosolen</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="C7011042FF1DF88BFD37FA4EB806E0CD" box="[698,805,1414,1438]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" value="1921-01">Jan. 1921</date>
, T.D.A. Cockerell (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FF1DF88BFC75FA4EBF72E0CD" box="[1016,1105,1414,1438]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 2/4 (good-poor); Funchal, no other data, T.D.A. Cockerell (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FF1DF88BFE6AFA61B963E092" box="[487,576,1449,1473]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/3 (fair-good).
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFC87FA60B854E092" bold="true" box="[778,887,1448,1473]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FF1DF88BFC87FA60B854E092" box="[778,887,1448,1473]" name="Australia" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Sydney Region, Glenhaven, on
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF1DF88BFB62FA61BA3DE0B7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Callistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFB62FA61BE50E092" box="[1263,1395,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Callistemon</emphasis>
sp. (Myrtaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="C7011042FF1DF88BFEA1FA04BABEE0B7" box="[300,413,1484,1508]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" value="1982-07-07">7.vii.1982</date>
, No. 5, S. Goodwin (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FF1DF88BFD1FFA04B9C8E0B7" box="[658,747,1484,1508]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/2 (good);
<collectingRegion id="717BF860FF1DF88BFC0BFA05BF73E0B7" box="[902,1104,1484,1508]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
, Harvey, on citrus leaves and stems,
<date id="C7011042FF1DF88BFF6BFA27BA7DE354" box="[230,350,1519,1543]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" value="1988-08-05">5.viii.1988</date>
, B. Woods (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FF1DF88BFE61FA27B966E354" box="[492,581,1519,1543]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/3 (good).
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFD6DFA38B811E35B" bold="true" box="[736,818,1520,1544]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FF1DF88BFD6DFA38B811E35B" box="[736,818,1520,1544]" name="Turkey" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Turkey</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="717BF860FF1DF88BFCCFFA27B8BFE354" box="[834,924,1519,1543]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Samsun</collectingRegion>
, O.m., on
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF1DF88BFB9BFA38BE48E354" box="[1046,1387,1519,1543]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Punica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granatum">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFB9BFA38BFFBE354" box="[1046,1240,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Punica granatum</emphasis>
(Lythraceae)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF1DF88BFF1AF9DBBAE5E379" box="[151,454,1554,1579]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFF1AF9DBBA27E378" box="[151,260,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Capsicum</emphasis>
sp. (Solanaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="C7011042FF1DF88BFE5EF9DAB960E379" box="[467,579,1554,1578]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" value="1971-02-19">19.ii.1971</date>
, Dr. H. Canakçioglu (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FF1DF88BFCB3F9DAB8B4E379" box="[830,919,1554,1578]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/1 (fair-good).
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFBE7F9DABEB6E378" bold="true" box="[1130,1429,1554,1579]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FF1DF88BFBE7F9DABEB6E378" box="[1130,1429,1554,1579]" name="United States of America" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">United States of America</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="717BF860FF1DF88BFF1AF9FEBBD1E31D" box="[151,242,1590,1614]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Virginia</collectingRegion>
, Norfolk,
<date id="C7011042FF1DF88BFEEDF9FEBAC5E31D" box="[352,486,1590,1614]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" value="1957-08-05">05.viii.1957</date>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF1DF88BFE7DF9FEB963E31E" box="[496,576,1590,1614]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aquifoliaceae" genus="Ilex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Aquifoliales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFE7DF9FEB93AE31D" box="[496,537,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Ilex</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, R.N. Roymaster (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FF1DF88BFC87F9FEB843E31D" box="[778,864,1590,1614]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
): 1/1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FF1DF88BFF4AF991BAE7E3C7" blockId="151.[151,1436,1378,2036]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFF4AF991BBDCE322" bold="true" box="[199,255,1625,1649]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Note</emphasis>
. The following description is based mainly on that of
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FF1DF88BFCE3F991BF76E322" author="Gimpel, W. F. &amp; D. R. Miller &amp; J. A. Davidson" box="[878,1109,1625,1649]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref185147" refString="Gimpel, W. F., D. R. Miller &amp; J. A. Davidson. (1974) A systematic revision of the scale genus Ceroplastes in the United States (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). University of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment Station, Miscellaneous Publication 841, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1974">
Gimpel
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFC47F992B8DFE322" box="[970,1020,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
. (1974)
</bibRefCitation>
but with a few added details from the above specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FF1DF88BFF4AF968BA97E2A7" blockId="151.[151,1436,1378,2036]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFF4AF968BAEAE3E4" box="[199,457,1695,1720]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFF4AF968BAE1E3EB" bold="true" box="[199,450,1695,1720]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Unmounted material</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
“Wet wax rectangular in young females, rectangular in old specimens in dorsal view, hemispherical in lateral view, without horn, white in young females reddish brown in old material, marginal flange small or absent on young specimens not hiding lateral filaments, divided into 1 dorsal and 6 lateral plates on young females, plates normally absent on old specimens, young specimens with nuclei, old specimens with dorsal nuclei only. Dry wax with filaments as follows: cephalic filament trifurcate, with rounded apices, anterolateral, mediolateral, and posterolateral filaments simple; caudal filaments weakly bifurcate; dorsal dry wax of first and second instars forming central cap, surrounded by small dorsomedial nucleus; dorsal dry wax not tilted. Stigmatic wax bands present near both pairs of spiracles, anterior bands directed dorsally, filamentous wax confined to stigmatic areas. Length 4.0 mm (range 2.0–7.0), width
<quantity id="74479B67FF1DF88BFC9EF871B848E282" box="[787,875,1977,2001]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
(range 2.0–6.0), height 3.0mm (range 1.5–5.0).” (
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FF1DF88BFF13F814BA8BE2A7" author="Gimpel, W. F. &amp; D. R. Miller &amp; J. A. Davidson" box="[158,424,2012,2036]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref185147" refString="Gimpel, W. F., D. R. Miller &amp; J. A. Davidson. (1974) A systematic revision of the scale genus Ceroplastes in the United States (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). University of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment Station, Miscellaneous Publication 841, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1974">
Gimpel
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF1DF88BFF76F815BA19E2A7" box="[251,314,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al.,</emphasis>
1974: 62
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E7C0660AFF12F884FF1AF8D7BE4FE2F9" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" startId="152.[151,244,1823,1844]" targetBox="[165,1435,218,1798]" targetPageId="152">
<paragraph id="B3003682FF12F884FF1AF8D7BE4FE2F9" blockId="152.[151,1436,1823,1962]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF12F884FF1AF8D7BA3BE267" bold="true" box="[151,280,1823,1844]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">FIGURE 69.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF12F884FE93F8E8B944E266" authority="Del Guercio. Modified" authorityName="Del Guercio. Modified" box="[286,615,1824,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF12F884FE93F8E8BAA5E266" box="[286,390,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">C. sinensis</emphasis>
Del Guercio. Modified
</taxonomicName>
after
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FF12F884FD12F8E8B846E266" author="Gimpel, W. F. &amp; D. R. Miller &amp; J. A. Davidson" box="[671,869,1824,1845]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref185147" refString="Gimpel, W. F., D. R. Miller &amp; J. A. Davidson. (1974) A systematic revision of the scale genus Ceroplastes in the United States (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). University of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment Station, Miscellaneous Publication 841, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1974">
Gimpel
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF12F884FD60F8E8B83DE266" box="[749,798,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
(1974)
</bibRefCitation>
. For explanation of labels, see p. 9. Notes: (i) dorsal setae long and predominantly with pointed apices; (ii) stigmatic setae in a broad triangle, extending laterally along margin; (iii) venter with a band of simple microducts along margin; (iv) simple microducts apparently absent on dorsum; (v) dorsal loculate microducts of intermediate-type; (vi) multilocular disc-pores restricted to posteriorly on abdomen; (vii) ventral tubular ducts present both anteriorly and posteriorly; (viii) legs with a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; (ix) claw digitules both broad, and (x) antennae 7 segmented.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B3003682FF13F885FF4AFF50BF1FE580" blockId="153.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FF4AFF50BA8AE5FC" box="[199,425,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FF4AFF50BA81E5E3" bold="true" box="[199,418,151,176]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Mounted material</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Body oval, probably rather convex, with shallow, stigmatic clefts; dorsum with distinct tubercles. Caudal process short and stout. Length
<quantity id="74479B67FF13F885FD5FFF74B87FE580" box="[722,860,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–4.6 mm</quantity>
; width 0.9–4.0 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FF13F885FF4AFF28BA1FE76F" blockId="153.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FF4AFF28BA0FE5A4" box="[199,300,224,248]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FF4AFF28BA06E5AB" bold="true" box="[199,293,224,248]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Dorsum</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Derm membranous on young individuals, except for heavily sclerotised caudal process. Caudal process about 500–600 µm long, 500–600 µm wide. Derm with eight clear areas, each without setae, except cephalic area with 1 or 2 cylindrical setae. Dorsal setae cylindrical with a rounded or pointed apex, length 4.5–11.5 µm; basal socket width 3.5–5.0 µm. Dorsal pores: (i) loculate microducts of intermediate
<typeStatus id="6C048820FF13F885FC5DFE84BF22E437" box="[976,1025,332,356]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">type</typeStatus>
, each about 5–6 µm wide with 1–4 satellite loculi; those with 2 or 3 satellite loculi most abundant; those with 1 satellite loculus possibly mainly concentrated in submarginal areas; pores with 4 satellite loculi scarce; present throughout; wax-plate lines not detected; and (ii) simple microducts not detected. Preopercular pores in a transverse band of about 8–20 pores. Anal plates each with 3 large dorsal setae on posterior quarter of each plate plus a smaller apical seta; usually with 2 ventral (lateral margin) setae; length of plates 150–158 µm, combined width 125–145 µm. Anal tube about 1.1 times longer than anal plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FF13F885FF4AFD8FBEBEE647" blockId="153.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FF4AFD8FBA05E70C" box="[199,294,583,608]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FF4AFD8FBA3CE733" bold="true" box="[199,287,583,608]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Margin</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Marginal setae each strongly setose; length of each seta 13–27 µm; with perhaps 5–7 between eyespots and, on each side, 1–3 between eyespots and anterior stigmatic setae, 2–4 between stigmatic clefts and about 6–10 between each posterior stigmatic furrow and anal cleft; anal lobe with 3 or 4 anal lobe setae, longest 40–50 µm long. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each with 18–54 hemispherical, bullet–shaped or lanceolate spiracular setae (most setae 8–26 µm long; 10–12 µm wide at base) in 3 or 4 irregular rows in each cleft; each group with 20–30 setae along margin and with 4–6 larger setae, largest 16–24 µm long and 14–17 µm wide, and sometimes bent. Eyespots each 30–33 µm wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FF13F885FF4AFCE8B822E12F" blockId="153.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FF4AFCE8BA3FE664" box="[199,284,800,824]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FF4AFCE8BA36E66B" bold="true" box="[199,277,800,824]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Venter</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores present around vulva and across preceding segment; much less frequent medially and occasionally mediolaterally on segment V; generally absent from IV and more anteriorly. Spiracular disc-pore band narrowest near spiracle and broadest near margin, each band with 60–80 discpores, with few extending medially past peritreme. Simple microducts (filamentous ducts), each about 1 µm wide, with a lightly sclerotised orifice, frequent in a narrow band or line around submargin, approximately level with submarginal setae (perhaps most easily seen in younger specimens). Ventral microducts showing nothing distinctive. Ventral tubular ducts each with a narrow inner ductule, generally without an obvious terminal gland; with about 7–25 ducts in cephalic region and quite abundant associated with anogenital-fold, particularly in abdominal segment VI, becoming less frequent anteriorly, with 0 or 1 on segments II &amp; III. Submarginal setae more frequent than marginal setae, each 7–15 µm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FF13F885FF4AFB4FBF83E007" blockId="153.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Antennae each 7 segmented; total length 223–335 µm. Clypeolabral shield 185–226 µm long. Spiracles: width of each anterior peritreme 50–64 µm, each posterior peritreme 58–76 µm. Legs well developed; tibia 1.4 times length of tarsus, with a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; tarsal digitules 51–52 µm long; both claw digitules broad, 29–39 µm long; each claw with an almost imperceptible denticle; dimensions of metathoracic legs: coxa 149–170 µm; trochanter + femur 145–195 µm; tibia 87–125 µm; tarsus 66–83 µm, and claw 20–27 µm; setal distribution: coxa 5; trochanter 1 long plus 2 short on dorsal margin; femur 1; tibia 4 (3 apical and 1 basal), tarsus 3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA56509FF13F885FF4AFA97B990E3C4" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B3003682FF13F885FF4AFA97BE12E354" blockId="153.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FF4AFA97BA6BE024" box="[199,328,1375,1400]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FF4AFA97BA61E02B" bold="true" box="[199,322,1375,1400]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Discussion</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Based on their cladistic analysis of wax scale insects, Qin
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FC47FAA9BF23E02B" box="[970,1024,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(1994) predicted that the native range of
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF13F885FF38FA4CBA08E0CF" box="[181,299,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FF38FA4CBA08E0CF" box="[181,299,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">C. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was within Central or South America. This supposition was supported later by the discovery of heavily parasitized individuals of
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF13F885FE4CFA60B91EE0EC" box="[449,573,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FE4CFA60B91EE0EC" box="[449,573,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">C. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FF13F885FDE6FA6FB9F8E0EC" box="[619,731,1447,1471]" name="Argentina" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Argentina</collectingCountry>
. In addition, we have observed (Peronti,
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FB4CFA61BE0AE093" box="[1217,1321,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">pers. obs</emphasis>
.) that the Neotropical species
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF13F885FEFFFA04B9A9E0B7" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[370,650,1484,1508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Cedrela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FEFFFA04B934E0B7" box="[370,535,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">C. albolineatus</emphasis>
Cockerell
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF13F885FD30FA04BF0BE0B7" authority="Cockerell &amp; Tinsley" authorityName="Cockerell &amp; Tinsley" box="[701,1064,1484,1508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FD30FA04B866E0B7" box="[701,837,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">C. confluens</emphasis>
Cockerell &amp; Tinsley
</taxonomicName>
, both from Neotropical region, are very close to
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF13F885FEA5FA38BABDE354" box="[296,414,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FEA5FA38BABDE354" box="[296,414,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">C. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and both of these latter species might be synonymised with the former in the future.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FF13F885FF4AF9DCB990E3C4" blockId="153.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
Within the area covered by this paper,
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF13F885FDF3F9DCB9DBE37F" box="[638,760,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FDF3F9DCB9DBE37F" box="[638,760,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">C. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently only reliably identified from the North African coast (
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FF13F885FF6DF9FFBA1AE31C" box="[224,313,1591,1615]" name="Algeria" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FF13F885FEC8F9F0BA89E31C" box="[325,426,1592,1615]" name="Morocco" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Morocco</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FF13F885FE6EF9FFB915E31C" box="[483,566,1591,1615]" name="Tunisia" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FF13F885FDC8F9FFB8BEE31C" author="Pellizzari, G. &amp; Camporese P." box="[581,925,1591,1615]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="175 - 192" refId="ref187871" refString="Pellizzari, G. &amp; Camporese P. (1994) The Ceroplastes species (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of the Mediterranea basin with emphasis on C. japonicus Green. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 30, 175 - 192." type="journal article" year="1994">Pellizzari &amp; Camporese, 1994</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FF13F885FC53F9F0BF02E303" box="[990,1057,1592,1616]" name="Egypt" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FF13F885FBBDF9FFBE38E31C" author="Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P." box="[1072,1307,1591,1616]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refId="ref183322" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2011) ScaleNet. A Database of the Scale Insects of the World. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (last accessed 10 March 2011)." type="url" year="2011">
Ben-Dov
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FB13F9F1BFEDE303" box="[1182,1230,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al</emphasis>
., 2011
</bibRefCitation>
) plus some outlying islands (Azores, Canary Islands and Madeira) (
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FF13F885FC9EF994BF2BE327" author="Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P." box="[787,1032,1628,1652]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refId="ref183322" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2011) ScaleNet. A Database of the Scale Insects of the World. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (last accessed 10 March 2011)." type="url" year="2011">
Ben-Dov
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FC09F995B89EE327" box="[900,957,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FF13F885FBA0F994BF8BE327" box="[1069,1192,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FF13F885FBA0F994BF8BE327" box="[1069,1192,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">C. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a very large host range,
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FF13F885FF6EF948BAB8E3C4" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[227,411,1663,1687]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refId="ref183122" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scales of the World. Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., Florida, USA, Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook 9, 563 p." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
listing 44 plant families.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink