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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.18.3903" ID-PMC="PMC3666602" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-18-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9A37FFEFFFC7FFB5FA04FFFEF66A1676" ID-PubMed="23730189" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576150" ModsDocID="1314-2003-18-1" checkinTime="1451251969691" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chiarini, Franco E. &amp; Mentz, Lilian Auler" docDate="2012" docId="C0C9476034BD58379DCF84C99FB5BFAE" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 18: 1-10" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 18" docPubDate="2012-11-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.18.3903" docTitle="Solanum neei Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="9A37FFEFFFC7FFB5FA04FFFEF66A1676" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="9A37FFEFFFC7FFB5FA04FFFEF66A1676" masterDocTitle="A new species of Solanum sect. Acanthophora (Solanaceae) from Argentina and Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1668140403704" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of Solanum sect. Acanthophora (Solanaceae) from Argentina and Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chiarini, Franco E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal, CONICET-UNC. Velez Sarsfield 299, CC 495, Cordoba 5000, ARGENTINA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mentz, Lilian Auler</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Botanica, UFRGS, Av. Bento Goncalves, 9500, Predio 43433, Campus do Vale, CEP 91501 - 970 - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, BRAZIL</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-11-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>10</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.18.3903</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.18.3903</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-18-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9A37FFEFFFC7FFB5FA04FFFEF66A1676</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576150</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229227" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C0C9476034BD58379DCF84C99FB5BFAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0C9476034BD58379DCF84C99FB5BFAE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName LSID="C0C94760-34BD-5837-9DCF-84C99FB5BFAE" authority="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum neei" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei" status="sp. nov.">Solanum neei Chiarini &amp; L.A.Mentz</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="2">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Solanum neei. A Inside view of spread open corolla B Glandular trichome of the ovary C Glandular trichome of the stem D Calyx E Stellate short-stalked trichome from the lower leaf surface F-G Ventral and dorsal view of the anther, respectively H Gynoecium I Flower J Branch with flowers and fruits K Unicellular trichome from the upper leaf surface L Multicellular uniseriate trichome from the upper leaf surface M Seed N Glandular trichome from the upper leaf surface O Fruit. I from Tressens et al. 6749; the rest from Subils &amp; Moscone 4160. Drawn by P. Peralta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10204" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution of Solanum neei in Argentina and Brazil." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10207" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">-4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Differs from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1799" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incarceratum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Solanum incarceratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav. by its inflorescences with unarmed or prickly peduncles 1.8-4 cm long (versus sessile inflorescences in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1799" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incarceratum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Solanum incarceratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); also differs from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Dun" authorityYear="1816" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acerifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Solanum acerifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dunal and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atropurpureum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Solanum atropurpureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schrank by its unequal, linear calyx lobes (versus equal, triangular or deltoid calyx lobes in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Dun" authorityYear="1816" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acerifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Solanum acerifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atropurpureum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Solanum atropurpureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the non-petaloid linear calyx lobes also distinguishes it from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sendtn" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anoacanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Solanum anoacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sendtn., which has petaloid, elliptic-lanceolate calyx lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Argentina. Misiones: Dpt.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaraní">Guarani</normalizedToken>
, Predio
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaraní">Guarani</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-26.916388">26°54'59&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-54.205">54°12'18&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, Tramo I, borde de selva, 16-X-2002,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">G. Tressens</emphasis>
et al.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">6749</emphasis>
(holotype: CORD [CORD00006750], isotype: CTES).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Shrub up to 1.7 m tall. Stems sparsely pubescent with glandular hairs (stalked or sessile) and 2-5 celled simple hairs, armed with straight (sometimes recurved), broad-based prickles to 5-10 mm long, and needlelike prickles,1-2 mm long. Sympodial units di- or trifoliate. Leaves solitary or sometimes geminate, if geminate then one of the leaves about twice the size of the other; petioles 3-9 cm long, pubescent with glandular and simple trichomes and armed with acicular prickles to 1.2 cm; blades membranaceous, deltoid, 10-19
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9-18 cm, with 2-3 pairs of shallow, broadly triangular teeth or lobes, the base truncate or cuneate to subcordate; upper surface with simple, spreading, 2-4-celled eglandular hairs and very short glandular hairs; lower surface moderately to sparsely pubescent with stellate, sessile or short-stalked trichomes, with (3) 4 (6) lateral rays and a central ray (midpoint) the same size or a little longer, and with glandular hairs and prickles on the midvein, the prickles 1-3 mm long, smaller than those of the petioles. Inflorescence extra-axillary, pedunculate, unbranched, scorpioid, (3) 5-25-flowered, with prickles to 2 mm long; peduncles up to 1.8-4 cm (2.5-5 cm in fruit) unarmed to prickly, with simple and glandular hairs; pedicels up to 3 cm, enlarged towards the apex, unarmed to prickly, with simple and glandular hairs. Flowers all perfect; calyx lobes unequal, elongate, linear-lanceolate to linear, equal to or somewhat shorter than the corolla lobes, 0.6-1.6 cm long and up to 1 mm wide (1.3-2.6 cm long in fruit), pubescent with glandular and simple hairs, sometimes also with some small prickles; corolla stellate, 2.2-2.5 cm in diameter, white, with simple hairs outside, inner surface glabrous, the lobes planar, lanceolate, 12-14 mm long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.5-6 mm wide; anthers attenuate, yellow, 8-9 mm long, opening by apical pores; ovary globose covered by small glandular trichomes; style whitish, 10-11 mm; stigma capitate or clavate, green. Fruits globose-ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 cm long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1 cm wide, variegated when immature, yellow when ripe, subtended by the calyx lobes that are usually longer than the fruit (sometimes the same length or a little shorter). Seeds orbicular, compressed, winged,
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3 mm diam. Chromosome number 2n = 24 (
<bibRefCitation author="Acosta, MC" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="713 - 723" publicationUrl="10.2307/25065428" refId="B1" refString="Acosta, MC, Bernardello, G, Guerra, M, Moscone, EA, 2005. Karyotype analysis in several South American species of Solanum and Lycianthes rantonnei (Solanaceae). Taxon 54: 713 - 723, 10.2307/25065428" title="Karyotype analysis in several South American species of Solanum and Lycianthes rantonnei (Solanaceae)." url="10.2307/25065428" volume="54" year="2005">Acosta et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
, sub nom.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10204" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Solanum neei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
Inside view of spread open corolla
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
Glandular trichome of the ovary
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
Glandular trichome of the stem
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D</emphasis>
Calyx
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E</emphasis>
Stellate short-stalked trichome from the lower leaf surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">F-G</emphasis>
Ventral and dorsal view of the anther, respectively
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">H</emphasis>
Gynoecium
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">I</emphasis>
Flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J</emphasis>
Branch with flowers and fruits
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">K</emphasis>
Unicellular trichome from the upper leaf surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L</emphasis>
Multicellular uniseriate trichome from the upper leaf surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M</emphasis>
Seed
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">N</emphasis>
Glandular trichome from the upper leaf surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</emphasis>
Fruit.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">I</emphasis>
from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tressens et al.</emphasis>
6749; the rest from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Subils &amp; Moscone 4160</emphasis>
. Drawn by P. Peralta.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10205" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Fruiting branch of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Solanum neei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Misiones, Argentina (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Keller 3922</emphasis>
, CTES).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10206" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Photograph of the holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Solanum neei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tressens et al. 6749</emphasis>
, CORD 00006750).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution of Solanum neei in Argentina and Brazil." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10207" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Southern Brazil in the states of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, Brazil, and in Prov. Misiones, Argentina; 100-1000 m elevation.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Solanum neei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits the Atlantic Forest region (Alto
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
Atlantic forest,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Araucaria</emphasis>
humid forest and Serra do Mar coastal forest), in areas with 1200-2000 mm of annual precipitation.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10207" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Solanum neei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Argentina and Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">The new species is found in clearings of semideciduous primary forests and in secondary forest.Flowering specimens have been collected from September to April; fruiting specimens from October to April.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
The epithet honors Dr. Michael Nee, a specialist in
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
at the Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden (USA).
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nees">Nee's</normalizedToken>
contributions to the knowledge of this family (and particularly of genus
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are many and remarkable, and include his Ph.D. thesis on the taxonomy of section
<taxonomicName class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Acanthophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ceramiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Acanthophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Solanum neei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species of open and somewhat disturbed habitats (as are many 'spiny
<normalizedToken originalValue="solanum">solanum'</normalizedToken>
species) and seems to be fairly evenly distributed within its area (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution of Solanum neei in Argentina and Brazil." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10207" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The species has been regularly collected to date. Although not usually common where it occurs, it is not a species of immediate conser
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">vation</pageBreakToken>
concern. Applying the criteria of the IUCN (http://www.iucn.org/) suggests its conservation status should be 'Least
<normalizedToken originalValue="Concern">Concern'</normalizedToken>
(LC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ARGENTINA. Misiones:</emphasis>
Dpt. San Javier, Cnia.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Acaraguá">Acaragua</normalizedToken>
, 29-IX-1946,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bertoni 3032</emphasis>
(LIL); Dpt. Gral. San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
, El
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alcázar">Alcazar</normalizedToken>
, propiedad
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Alto</pageBreakToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
S.A., 23-IX-2000,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Keller 315</emphasis>
(CTES); Dpt. San Pedro, camino de tierra que une la RP 17 con la RN 14, a la altura de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Piñalito">Pinalito</normalizedToken>
Sur, 13-I-2007,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Keller 3922</emphasis>
(CTES); Dpt. Eldorado, ruta de Eldorado a B. de Irigoyen, a
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
45 km de Eldorado, 17-XI-1980,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Legname</emphasis>
et al.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7525</emphasis>
(CTES, LIL); Dpt.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iguazú">Iguazu</normalizedToken>
, urwald picada bei den Yguazu
<normalizedToken originalValue="fällen">faellen</normalizedToken>
, 13-IX-1915,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Osten &amp; Rojas 8267</emphasis>
(G); Dpt. San Pedro, Ruta prov. 17, 80 km al E de Eldorado, 22-I-1973,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Schinini &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
5978
</emphasis>
(SI); Dpt.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iguazú">Iguazu</normalizedToken>
, Ruta 12, rumbo a Bosetti, a
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
5 km del
<normalizedToken originalValue="límite">limite</normalizedToken>
del PN, 29-V-1987,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Subils &amp; Moscone 4160</emphasis>
(CORD); Dpt.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaraní">Guarani</normalizedToken>
, Predio
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaraní">Guarani</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-26.916388">26°54'59&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-54.205">54°12'18&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, sendero CiFOR, 27-IV-1999,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tressens</emphasis>
et al.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6106</emphasis>
(CTES).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
BRAZIL.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Larangeiras do Sul, Rio
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iguaçú">Iguacu</normalizedToken>
, Salto
<normalizedToken originalValue="Osório">Osorio</normalizedToken>
, 18-IV-1970,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hatschbach 24155</emphasis>
(MBM);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maringá">Maringa</normalizedToken>
, Horto Florestal, 29-I-1970,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hatschbach 26187</emphasis>
(MBM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Rio Grande do Sul:</emphasis>
Rodeio Bonito, rodovia para Planalto, 6-XII-1986,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bassan &amp; Benedetti 746</emphasis>
(HAS);
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Francisco de Paula, Faz. Englert, I-1944,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Buck s.n.</emphasis>
(PACA 11621); Caxias do Sul, Morro do Biondi, 19-XI-1951,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cordeiro s.n.</emphasis>
(ICN 896); Santo
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ângelo">Angelo</normalizedToken>
, Granja Piratini, 24-XI-1973,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hagelund 7473</emphasis>
(ICN) - XII-1941,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Leite 743</emphasis>
(NY) -
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Salvador, 12-I-1941,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Leite 2189</emphasis>
(SP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ijuí">Ijui</normalizedToken>
, Augusto Pestana, 27-IX-1953,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pivetta</emphasis>
946 (PACA);
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Francisco de Paula, Potreiro Novo, Tainhas, 23-II-1978,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sehnem 15906</emphasis>
(PACA 72218);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Veranópolis">Veranopolis</normalizedToken>
, 4°
<normalizedToken originalValue="seção">secao</normalizedToken>
, 3-IV-1983,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silveira 633</emphasis>
(HAS); Montenegro, Kappesberg, 16-XII-1935,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Rambo 2198</emphasis>
(PACA); Caxias do Sul (
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Francisco de Paula) Vila Oliva, 6-I-1946,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Rambo 31113</emphasis>
(B, PACA, LIL 199948); Bom Jesus, Fazenda da Ronda perto Vacaria, 30-XII-1946,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Rambo 34640</emphasis>
(PACA);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cambará">Cambara</normalizedToken>
do Sul, perto S. Francisco de Paula, II-1948,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Rambo 36080</emphasis>
(PACA).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Santa Catarina:</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caçador">Cacador</normalizedToken>
, Rio do Bugre, 7-XII-1962,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Klein 3449</emphasis>
(HBR).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
This species is undoubtedly placed within sect.
<taxonomicName class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Acanthophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ceramiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Acanthophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the lack of stellate hairs and the presence of simple hairs on the upper leaf surfaces. Because of its flattened and winged seeds,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum neei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be placed in the Pterosperma group of sect.
<taxonomicName class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Acanthophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ceramiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Acanthophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the taxonomic scheme of
<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="Pesquisas, Botanica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="B8" refString="Nee, M, 1979a. A revision of Solanum section Acanthophora. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA." title="A revision of Solanum section Acanthophora. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA." year="1979 a">Nee (1979a</bibRefCitation>
; see
<bibRefCitation author="Levin, RA" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="603 - 612" publicationUrl="10.3732/ajb.92.4.603" refId="B6" refString="Levin, RA, Watson, K, Bohs, L, 2005. A four-gene study of evolutionary relationships in Solanum section Acanthophora. American Journal of Botany 92: 603 - 612, 10.3732/ajb.92.4.603" title="A four-gene study of evolutionary relationships in Solanum section Acanthophora." url="10.3732/ajb.92.4.603" volume="92" year="2005">Levin et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
for an explanation of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nees">Nee's</normalizedToken>
subsectional groups). However,
<bibRefCitation author="Levin, RA" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="603 - 612" publicationUrl="10.3732/ajb.92.4.603" refId="B6" refString="Levin, RA, Watson, K, Bohs, L, 2005. A four-gene study of evolutionary relationships in Solanum section Acanthophora. American Journal of Botany 92: 603 - 612, 10.3732/ajb.92.4.603" title="A four-gene study of evolutionary relationships in Solanum section Acanthophora." url="10.3732/ajb.92.4.603" volume="92" year="2005">Levin et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
demonstrated that the groupings based on seed morphology are unnatural, although they did not sample all species of the section. Therefore, the phylogenetic position of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum neei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within sect.
<taxonomicName class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Acanthophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ceramiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Acanthophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Morphologically,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum neei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1799" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incarceratum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum incarceratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the well developed peduncles of the inflorescences (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Solanum neei. A Inside view of spread open corolla B Glandular trichome of the ovary C Glandular trichome of the stem D Calyx E Stellate short-stalked trichome from the lower leaf surface F-G Ventral and dorsal view of the anther, respectively H Gynoecium I Flower J Branch with flowers and fruits K Unicellular trichome from the upper leaf surface L Multicellular uniseriate trichome from the upper leaf surface M Seed N Glandular trichome from the upper leaf surface O Fruit. I from Tressens et al. 6749; the rest from Subils &amp; Moscone 4160. Drawn by P. Peralta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10204" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Fruiting branch of Solanum neei in Misiones, Argentina (Keller 3922, CTES)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10205" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">, 2</figureCitation>
) distinguish it from the latter, which has sessile or almost sessile inflorescences. Other characteristics that also help to distinguish these two species are the leaf shape (barely lobed in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1799" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incarceratum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum incarceratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the fruit shape (globose in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1799" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incarceratum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum incarceratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the distribution range:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1799" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incarceratum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum incarceratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits Peru, Bolivia and the states of Bahia,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
and Minas Gerais (Brazil), therefore it would overlap with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nee">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum nee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only in a small area in the Brazilian state of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sendtn" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anoacanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum anoacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also some resemblance to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum neei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: both species have long calyx lobes that are equal to or longer than the corolla lobes and longer than half of the fruit, but in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sendtn" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anoacanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum anoacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the lobes are wider and petaloid, whilst in the latter, they are linear-lanceolate to linear and not more than 1 mm wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Some</pageBreakToken>
species of sect.
<taxonomicName class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Acanthophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Acanthophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have derived breeding systems and are andromonoecious (with both long- and short-styled flowers in the same inflorescence, e.g.,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capsicoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum capsicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but the new species seems not to be andromonoecious, since all specimens studied had inflorescences with only long-styled flowers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
A specimen belonging to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum neei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was placed by
<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" editor="Hawkes, JG" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="257 - 266" refId="B10" refString="Nee, M, 1991. Synopsis of Solanum section Acanthophora, a group of interest for glycoalkaloids. In: Hawkes, JG, Lester, R, Nee, M, Estrada, N, Eds., Solanaceae III, Taxonomy, Chemistry, Evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey: 257 - 266" title="Synopsis of Solanum section Acanthophora, a group of interest for glycoalkaloids." volumeTitle="Solanaceae III, Taxonomy, Chemistry, Evolution." year="1991">Nee (1991)</bibRefCitation>
under the name
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species B, and later
<bibRefCitation author="Mentz, LA" journalOrPublisher="Pesquisas, Botanica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 327" refId="B7" refString="Mentz, LA, Oliveira, PL, 2004. Solanum (Solanaceae) na regiao sul do Brasil. Pesquisas, Botanica 54: 1 - 327" title="Solanum (Solanaceae) na regiao sul do Brasil." volume="54" year="2004">Mentz and Oliveira (2004)</bibRefCitation>
described and illustrated it
<normalizedToken originalValue="under">under'</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp 1', but neither of these works validly publishes it as a new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Key to the species of section
<taxonomicName class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Acanthophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Acanthophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with flattened or winged seeds in Southern Brazil/Northern-Eastern Argentina (for all members of the section in the region see
<bibRefCitation author="Mentz, LA" journalOrPublisher="Pesquisas, Botanica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 327" refId="B7" refString="Mentz, LA, Oliveira, PL, 2004. Solanum (Solanaceae) na regiao sul do Brasil. Pesquisas, Botanica 54: 1 - 327" title="Solanum (Solanaceae) na regiao sul do Brasil." volume="54" year="2004">Mentz and Oliveira 2004</bibRefCitation>
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">)</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<table inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Plants not andromonoecious, with all the flowers hermaphroditic; fruits smaller than 2 cm in diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Plants andromonoecious; fruits larger than 2 cm in diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes equal to or longer than the corolla lobes and longer than half of the fruit, elliptic-lanceolate to linear</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes markedly shorter that the corolla lobes and shorter than the half of the fruit, deltoid to narrowly triangular</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes not petaloid, linear-lanceolate to linear, up to 1 mm wide and 6-16 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes petaloid, elliptic-lanceolate, ca. 2-4 mm wide and 14-20 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sendtn" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anoacanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum anoacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sendtn.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Penduncle of inflorescences very short or absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1799" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incarceratum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum incarceratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Penduncle of inflorescences well developed, up to 1.8-4 cm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; L. A. Mentz" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum neei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chiarini &amp; L.A.Mentz
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Fruits yellow or greyish-green. Stems sprawling, pubescent with 1-3-celled simple eglandular hairs and some glandular hairs and armed with profuse acicular prickles</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dieckmann" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum platense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dieckmann
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Fruits orange-red. Stems erect to prostrate, glabrous or pubescent with a few simple 4-6-celled eglandular hairs and armed with some acicular or recurved flattened prickles</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capsicoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum capsicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
All.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Leaves entire or with 3-5 triangular entire lobes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Dun" authorityYear="1816" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acerifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum acerifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dunal
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Leaves clearly lobed or pinnatifid, the lobes sinuate or again lobed</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Upper leaf surfaces almost glabrous at maturity, with only some stellate hairs on the midvein; blades deeply lobed. Stem prickles reflexed. Calyx and corolla glabrous or with a few hairs. Berries orange, globose, 15-20 mm in diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atropurpureum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum atropurpureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schrank
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Upper leaf surfaces with evident and persistent simple hairs; blades sinuate to lobed. Stem prickles straight. Calyx with bristle-like hairs up to 3 mm long; corolla hispid. Berries yellowish, ovoid, 11-15 mm in diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rusby" authorityYear="1934" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuispinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum tenuispinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Rusby
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>