327 lines
28 KiB
XML
327 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.740.14640" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbe844d6-89b6-4c9b-9cd1-4b7a8c332dc5" ID-PMC="PMC5904532" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-740-1" ID-PubMed="29674886" ID-ZBK="2DAF40B395FF46BBAFB486E62F116973" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-740-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 740" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Paraonis and an annotated checklist of polychaetes from mangroves of the Brazilian Amazon Coast (Annelida, Paraonidae)" checkinTime="1519774900245" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ribeiro, Rannyele Passos, Alves, Paulo Ricardo, Almeida, Zafira da Silva de & Ruta, Christine" docDate="2018" docId="95EB3D0115D89DA0D7FB26D8A5AFC732" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 740: 1-34" docOrigin="ZooKeys 740" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.740.14640" docTitle="Paraonis amazonica Ribeiro, Alves, Almeida & Ruta, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="D7449E5D-1126-4135-A4B2-DB76AE4CFCCE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFF76241FFB3B773A711FF98DF6BFFF3" masterDocTitle="A new species of Paraonis and an annotated checklist of polychaetes from mangroves of the Brazilian Amazon Coast (Annelida, Paraonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668165484584" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Paraonis and an annotated checklist of polychaetes from mangroves of the Brazilian Amazon Coast (Annelida, Paraonidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ribeiro, Rannyele Passos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Alves, Paulo Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Almeida, Zafira da Silva de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ruta, Christine</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>740</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>34</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.740.14640</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.740.14640</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-740-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">2DAF40B395FF46BBAFB486E62F116973</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2DAF40B395FF46BBAFB486E62F116973</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="141242926" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D7449E5D-1126-4135-A4B2-DB76AE4CFCCE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/95EB3D0115D89DA0D7FB26D8A5AFC732" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/D7449E5D-1126-4135-A4B2-DB76AE4CFCCE" class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis amazonica" order="Capitellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="amazonica">Paraonis amazonica</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 12, 13, 14
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Brazil,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Luís">Luis</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-2.5988889">02°35'56"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-44.353275">44°21'11.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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, mangrove, 21 October 2010, R.P. Ribeiro.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Holotype:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Luís">Luis</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-2.5988889">02°35'56"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-44.353275">44°21'11.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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, one specimen, complete, 21 October 2010 (NPM-Pol 906). Paratypes:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Luís">Luis</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-2.5988889">02°35'56"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-44.353275">44°21'11.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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, one specimen, incomplete, 18 August 2010 (NPM-Pol 907); 80 specimens, all incomplete, 27 January 2011 (NPM-Pol 908); two specimens, both complete, 21 October 2010 (NPM-Pol 929); two specimens, both incomplete, 18 March 2012 (MNCN 16.01/17766). Caranguejos Island,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-2.826">02°49'33.6"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-44.48086">44°28'51.1"W</geoCoordinate>
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, three specimens, all incomplete, 26 January 2011 (NPM-Pol 930); 11 specimens, all incomplete, 28 March 2011 (MNCN 16.01/17765).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Only known from the type locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rounded prostomium, clearly wider than longer. Dorsal brownish pigmentation reaching the beginning of the prostomium. Rounded to foliaceous branchiae (4-8 pairs), from the fourth segment. Neurochaetae of two types: acicular chaeta with lateral spine beginning in pre-branchial segments, and hook-shaped chaeta with terminal spines in post-branchial segments.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Complete holotype, 2.68 mm long, 0.17 mm wide (chaetiger 8), and 46 chaetigers. Three complete paratypes with 2.43-2.94 mm long, 0.18-0.20 mm wide and 36-54 chaetigers. Incomplete paratypes up to 4.607 mm long, 0.283 mm wide, and 16-61 chaetigers. Fixed individuals with brown pigmentation that reaches the distal end of the prostomium and extends along the body. Anteriorly flattened body, wider than longer, cylindrical from the 8th chaetiger and in all middle body region (Fig. 12A, B). Branchial region dorsoventrally flattened. Rounded prostomium, wider than longer (Fig. 12B, D). Absence of antenna, palpode, ciliated bands and eyes in the prostomium (Fig. 12A, B). The anterior segments are short, wider than longer. Long and biannulate segments in the post-branchial region. One pair of nuchal organs located on the posterior edge of the prostomium (Fig. 13A). Notopodial post-chaetal lobes absent in the pre-branchial region, the first notopodial post-chaetal lobe appear in the fifth branchial chaetiger. Notopodial post-chaetal cirrifom lobes, longer
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
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the middle and posterior regions. Branchiae from chaetiger 4, rounded to foliaceous, flat, short, 4-8 pairs, first and last pairs are shorter (Fig. 12D). Notopodial capillary chaetae throughout the body. Curved capillary chaetae in the neuropodium and notopodium of the pre-branchial and branchial segments (Fig. 13B). Capillary neurochaetae progressively thinner, longer, and straight in the post-branchial segments. Capillary notochaetae of the posterior segments thicker than those anterior and median segments. Pre-branchial and branchial segments with 3-5 chaetae capil
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">laries</pageBreakToken>
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in the notopodium and 2-5 in the neuropodium. Post-branchial segments with 1-2 chaetae capillary in the notopodium, absent in the neuropodium. First acicular neuropodial chaetae with a lateral spine in chaetiger 2-8, and 2-3 chaetae in the branchial segments (Figs 13B, 14A). Neuropodium in the post-branchial middle segments and posterior end segments with one acicular chaeta with a lateral spine (Figs 13B, C, 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Hook-shaped neurochaetae with terminal spine beginning in post-branchial chaetigers, 1-2 chaetae. Neuropodium in the post-branchial middle chaetigers with 2-4 hook-shaped chaetae with a terminal spine. Neuropodium in posterior chaetigers with two hook-shaped chaetae with a terminal spine (Figs 13B, C, 14B, C). Pygidium rounded with two anal lobes and three anal cirri: two dorsolateral and one medium-ventral (Figs 12C, 14D).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis amazonica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="amazonica">Paraonis amazonica</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., fixed specimen, NPM-Pol 906. A Whole body, lateral view B Anterior end, dorsal view C Posterior end, dorsal view D Anterior end, the arrow indicates foliaceous branchiae, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B) 0.25 mm (C, D).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Figure 13.
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis amazonica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="amazonica">Paraonis amazonica</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., SEM. A Anterior end, arrow point to the nuchal organ, dorsal view B Anterior parapodium of chaetiger 3, arrow point to the acicular lateral spine, dorsal view C Parapodium of setiger 35, acicular chaeta with a lateral spine (sl) hook-shaped chaeta with a terminal spine (st) D Acicular chaeta with a lateral spine enlarged. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A), 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(B), 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(C), 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(D).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Figure 14.
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis amazonica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="amazonica">Paraonis amazonica</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., chaetae. A Acicular chaetae with a lateral spine of anterior setiger 3 B Posterior hook-shaped chaeta with terminal spine and acicular chaetae with a lateral spine (left) in setiger 30 C Hook-shaped chaeta with a terminal spine in the last setiger, 36 D Pygidium with three anal cirri, ventral view. Scale bars 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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), 0.25 mm (D).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="colour">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Colour</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Specimens in alcohol show brownish pigment spots all over the body, two pairs of reddish brown lateral spots in the pygidial lobes of some specimens.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Named after the Amazon Coast, region where type locality is located.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis amazonica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="amazonica">Paraonis amazonica</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. differs from all other species by the presence of acicular and hook-shaped modified neurochaetae. Currently, there are five valid species named in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Paraonis</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis fulgens" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fulgens">Paraonis fulgens</taxonomicName>
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(Levinsen, 1884);
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis paucibranchiata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">Paraonis paucibranchiata</taxonomicName>
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Cerruti, 1909;
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis pycnobranchiata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pycnobranchiata">Paraonis pycnobranchiata</taxonomicName>
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Fauchald, 1972;
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis pygoenigmatica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygoenigmatica">Paraonis pygoenigmatica</taxonomicName>
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Jones, 1968; and
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis strelzovi" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="strelzovi">Paraonis strelzovi</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
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, 1980 (see Table 1). Several species first described as
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Paraonis</taxonomicName>
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were established as a synonymy of
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Aricidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aricidea" order="Spionida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Aricidea</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Lopez, E" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="297 - 307" title="Redescription of Aricideabelgicae (Fauvel, 1936), an Antarctic Paraonidae (Annelida: Polychaeta), with reassessment of its taxonomic status based on new material." url="https://doi.org/10.2988/08-05.1" volume="121" year="2008">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Levinsenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Levinsenia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Levinsenia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Gaston, GR" editor="Uebelacker, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Fish Biology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" title="Barry A. Vittor and Associates, Inc., Louisiana" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4035" year="1984">Gaston 1984</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paradoneis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradoneis" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Paradoneis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Mackie, ASY" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="147 - 155" title="Paradoneiseliasoni sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Paraonidae) from northern european waters, with a redescription of Paradoneislyra (Southern, 1914)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1986.10429745" volume="5" year="1991">Mackie 1991</bibRefCitation>
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), and
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonides" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Paraonides</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" title="AnnelidaPolychaeta III. In: Ramos MA, et al. (Eds) Fauna Iberica." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2006.70n1159" year="2012">Parapar et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis tenera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tenera">Paraonis tenera</taxonomicName>
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Grube, 1873 is a species considered nomen oblitum by
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<bibRefCitation author="Strelzov, VE" journalOrPublisher="Akademiya Nauk, Leningrad" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" title="Polychaete worms of the family Paraonidae Cerruti, 1909 (Polychaeta, Sedentaria)." year="1973">Strelzov (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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because its description was inaccurate, being based on a single specimen and probably referring to a species of
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Aricidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aricidea" order="Spionida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Aricidea</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Table 1. Key features of
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Paraonis</taxonomicName>
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based on original descriptions and redescriptions. NI: no information.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<table pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<tr pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rowspan="2">Features</th>
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<th colspan="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">Species</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amazonica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="amazonica">P. amazonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fulgens" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="fulgens">P. fulgens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Levinsen, 1884)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. paucibranchiata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">P. paucibranchiata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cerruti, 1909
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pycnobranchiata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="pycnobranchiata">P. pycnobranchiata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fauchald, 1972
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pygoenigmatica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="pygoenigmatica">P. pygoenigmatica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Jones, 1968
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. strelzovi" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="strelzovi">P. strelzovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1980
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">USA</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">USA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Among the five valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Paraonis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fulgens" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="fulgens">P. fulgens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. paucibranchiata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">P. paucibranchiata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. strelzovi" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="strelzovi">P. strelzovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have the first pair of branchiae in the fourth chaetiger as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amazonica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="amazonica">P. amazonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fulgens" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="fulgens">P. fulgens</taxonomicName>
|
||
has more than 25 pairs of branchiae and the first post-chaetal lobe starts in the third chaetiger, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amazonica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="amazonica">P. amazonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. has 4-8 pairs of branchiae and first post-chaetal lobe in the 9th chaetiger. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fulgens" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="fulgens">P. fulgens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(about 120 chaetigers in total) seems to be longer than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amazonica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="amazonica">P. amazonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (up to 54 chaetigers in complete individuals). However, longer animals could be found, since incomplete individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amazonica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="amazonica">P. amazonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. showed up to 61 chaetigers. Only four pairs of branchiae are described in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. paucibranchiata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">P. paucibranchiata</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. strelzovi" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="strelzovi">P. strelzovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amazonica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="amazonica">P. amazonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. has 4-8 pairs of branchiae. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. paucibranchiata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">P. paucibranchiata</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amazonica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="amazonica">P. amazonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. by the presence of eyes and longer and straighter branchiae. The other two species mainly differ on the first chaetiger with branchiae and post-chaetal lobe.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis pygoenigmatica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygoenigmatica">Paraonis pygoenigmatica</taxonomicName>
|
||
has approximately 20 pairs of branchiae that begin in the sixth chaetiger, joined to the first dorsal lobes. In
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pycnobranchiata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="pycnobranchiata">P. pycnobranchiata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the branchiae (about 19) are present from chaetiger 6-25.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amazonica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="amazonica">P. amazonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pycnobranchiata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="pycnobranchiata">P. pycnobranchiata</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the same pigmentation pattern consisting in small pigment spots scattered along the body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">Species</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Paraonis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually reported in marine, inshore and continental shelf environments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Glasby, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" url="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.40.1988.150" year="2003">Glasby and Wilson 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are some exceptions, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fulgens" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="fulgens">P. fulgens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, recorded in the intertidal zone from Caribbean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Helguera, Y" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology Research" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="757 - 768" title="Distribution patterns of macrofaunal polychaete asSEMblages in a polluted SEMi-enclosed bay: Cienfuegos, Caribbean Sea." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2011.569552" volume="7" year="2011">Helguera et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. strelzovi" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="strelzovi">P. strelzovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
in mangroves from Australia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hartmann-Schroeder, G" editor="Hartmann-Schroeder, G" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="41 - 110" title="Die Polychaeten der tropischen Nordwestkueste Australiens (zwischen Port Samson im Norden und Exmouth im Sueden)." volume="77" volumeTitle="Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kuesten unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden." year="1980">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
|
||
1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and P. pygoenigmatica recorded in estuarine areas from Brazil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barros, F" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="351 - 364" title="Macroinfauna of six beaches near Guaratuba Bay, Southern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132001000400005" volume="44" year="2001">Barros et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis amazonica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="amazonica">Paraonis amazonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is the first record of a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" genus="Paraonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraonis" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Paraonis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species found in muddy bottoms in mangrove vegetated areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |