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<document id="F6831BDD49DC67418C99C99641DE6559" ID-CLB-Dataset="199611" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5214.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ccfba70b-f063-42c5-922b-3b2e388296a6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7389138" ID-ZooBank="76F65EE8-5307-4B4C-AA5F-0B39FBCA5A48" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669970023697" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tunnicliffe, Verena &amp; Breusing, Corinna" docDate="2022" docId="03FA6E53B8485400599490954F3CF82B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5214.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5214 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bathymodiolus septemdierum Hashimoto &amp; Okutani 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="347" masterDocId="FFC3162BB84C540A590395484B75FFAE" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Bathymodiolus septemdierum Hashimoto and Okutani, 1994 (Bivalvia, Mytilida, Mytilidae), a mussel broadly distributed across hydrothermal vent locations in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans" masterLastPageNumber="364" masterPageNumber="337" pageNumber="341" updateTime="1699412775960" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4652A856F62F96EB4CEEE643DABA1CA0">Redescription of Bathymodiolus septemdierum Hashimoto and Okutani, 1994 (Bivalvia, Mytilida, Mytilidae), a mussel broadly distributed across hydrothermal vent locations in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="16F0C947B0285DD22BA13561EC933C23">Tunnicliffe, Verena</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="42562F69C1C6ACE03AF7FACBCCA7CAF2">Department of Biology and School of Earth &amp; Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DAD662A6B31BC45C975A8EF4FFE8A58F">Breusing, Corinna</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CFC22B5F287B2696771A58AB68A2B894">Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C3498CCEB848540E59949095499EFA5B" box="[151,747,1501,1525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B848540E59949095499EFA5B" blockId="4.[151,747,1501,1525]" box="[151,747,1501,1525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B848540E59949095499EFA5B" ID-CoL="KXBS" authority="Hashimoto &amp; Okutani, 1994" authorityName="Hashimoto &amp; Okutani" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,747,1501,1525]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="septemdierum">
<emphasis id="B9270357B848540E599490954AB1FA5B" box="[151,452,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">Bathymodiolus septemdierum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2A2B4B848540E58C99095499EFA5B" author="Hashimoto, J. &amp; Okutani, T." box="[458,747,1501,1525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref5801" refString="Hashimoto, J. &amp; Okutani, T. (1994) Four new mytilid mussels associated with deepsea chemosynthetic communities around Japan. Venus, 53, 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="1994">Hashimoto &amp; Okutani, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3498CCEB848540E59949352484FF920" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B848540E599493524A7CF99C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1562,1801]" box="[151,265,1562,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
<heading id="D0A46829B848540E599493524A7CF99C" bold="true" box="[151,265,1562,1586]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B9270357B848540E599493524A7CF99C" bold="true" box="[151,265,1562,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">Synonymy</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B848540E59949371484FF920" blockId="4.[151,1436,1562,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
1994
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B848540E59D093714981F9FF" authority="Hashimoto &amp; Okutani" authorityName="Hashimoto &amp; Okutani" authorityYear="1994" box="[211,756,1593,1617]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="septemdierum">
<emphasis id="B9270357B848540E59D093714977F9FF" box="[211,514,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">Bathymodiolus septemdierum</emphasis>
Hashimoto &amp; Okutani
</taxonomicName>
, [OD],
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B848540E5A46937148F6F9FE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[837,899,1593,1616]" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Venus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Venus</taxonomicName>
53 (2), 72, (fig. 5, pl. 1.7-8, pl. 2.1, pl. 3.4), [type locality Mokuyo Seamount, Izu-Bonin Arc]; published
<date id="FFEDF985B848540E5BFF931048DFF9DE" box="[764,938,1624,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" value="1994-08-31">August 31, 1994</date>
;
<emphasis id="B9270357B848540E5AB693104F67F9DE" bold="true" box="[949,1042,1624,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
<typeStatus id="54E861E7B848540E5AB693104F67F9DE" box="[949,1042,1624,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(NSMT Mo-70035) and
<emphasis id="B9270357B848540E5C1693104EF5F9DE" bold="true" box="[1301,1408,1624,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
<typeStatus id="54E861E7B848540E5C1693104EF5F9DE" box="[1301,1408,1624,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
as designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2A2B4B848540E5859933E49F2F920" author="Hashimoto, J. &amp; Okutani, T." box="[346,647,1654,1678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref5801" refString="Hashimoto, J. &amp; Okutani, T. (1994) Four new mytilid mussels associated with deepsea chemosynthetic communities around Japan. Venus, 53, 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="1994">Hashimoto &amp; Okutani (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, amended herein.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3498CCEB848540E599493DD4A66F8A7" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B848540E599493DD498BF962" blockId="4.[151,1436,1562,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
1994
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B848540E59CC93DD499FF903" authority="Cosel, Metivier &amp; Hashimoto" authorityName="Cosel, Metivier &amp; Hashimoto" authorityYear="1994" box="[207,746,1685,1709]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brevior">
<emphasis id="B9270357B848540E59CC93DD4AC2F903" box="[207,439,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">Bathymodiolus brevior</emphasis>
Cosel, Métivier &amp; Hashimoto
</taxonomicName>
, The Veliger 37 (4), 375, (figs 1-10, 26, 30-34, 37, 38), [
<typeStatus id="54E861E7B848540E5C1F93DD4E3FF903" box="[1308,1354,1685,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">type</typeStatus>
locality Vailili vent site, Lau Basin]; published
<date id="FFEDF985B848540E5B5093FB498EF962" box="[595,763,1715,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" value="1994-10-04">October 4, 1994</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B848540E5994939A4A66F8A7" blockId="4.[151,1436,1562,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
2001
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B848540E59D0939A49CBF944" authority="Hashimoto, Venus" authorityName="Hashimoto, Venus" box="[211,702,1746,1770]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marisindicus">
<emphasis id="B9270357B848540E59D0939A4A8DF944" box="[211,504,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">Bathymodiolus marisindicus</emphasis>
Hashimoto, Venus
</taxonomicName>
60, 142, (figs 2-9, 12), [
<typeStatus id="54E861E7B848540E5ACA939B4882F945" box="[969,1015,1747,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">type</typeStatus>
locality Kairei vent site, Central Indian Ridge].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3498CCEB848540F5994927F4EE8FEB3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="342" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B848540E5994927F4A74F8DB" blockId="4.[151,1437,1847,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="B9270357B848540E5994927F4AFDF8FF" bold="true" box="[151,392,1847,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54E861E7B848540E589392704ABDF8FC" box="[400,456,1848,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">Type</typeStatus>
material not examined for the three species for reasons presented in the Materials and Methods.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B848540E59C492374FA5F84F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1847,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
Northwest Pacific: Whole specimens of 41 mussels from the Izu-Bonin Arc: Mokuyo Seamount (type locality), Suiyo Seamount and Myojin Knoll (both
<typeStatus id="54E861E7B848540E5B6592EC49B3F810" box="[614,710,1956,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
localities). Valves of 64 mussels from the Mariana Volcanic Arc: NW Eifuku and Nikko Seamounts. Whole specimens of 32 mussels from NW Eifuku Seamount.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B849540F59C495DF4950FF57" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">
Southwest Pacific: Valves of 67 mussels from four vent sites in the Lau Basin: Hine Hina (
<typeStatus id="54E861E7B849540F5DBB95DF4E6FFF1F" box="[1208,1306,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
locality for
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B849540F599495F34A73FF7B" authorityName="Cosel, Metivier &amp; Hashimoto" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,262,187,213]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brevior">
<emphasis id="B9270357B849540F599495F34A73FF7B" box="[151,262,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">B. brevior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Tow Cam, Tu’i Malila, and Kilo Moana. Eleven valves from one site in the North
<collectingCountry id="F3449FD5B849540F5D9C95F34FB3FF7B" box="[1183,1222,187,213]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Fiji</collectingCountry>
Basin: White Lady (material in
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B849540F582395974AE5FF57" authorityName="Cosel, Metivier &amp; Hashimoto" authorityYear="1994" box="[288,400,223,249]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brevior">
<emphasis id="B9270357B849540F582395974AE5FF57" box="[288,400,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">B. brevior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B849540F59C4944B4EE8FEB3" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[199,1437,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">
Indian Ocean:Whole specimens of nine mussels from one site on the Central Indian Ridge: Kairei (
<typeStatus id="54E861E7B849540F5C02944B4E46FEB3" box="[1281,1331,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">type</typeStatus>
locality).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3498CCEB849540059C4946E49B7FA23" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B849540F59C4946E4A61FDB7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="B9270357B849540F59C4946E4A2CFEEE" bold="true" box="[199,345,294,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9270357B849540F585C946F4AE2FEEF" box="[351,407,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Shell</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1368C3C0B849540F58A5946F4A9EFEEF" box="[422,491,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,393,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-128@3.[151,1435,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 Haplotype networks for mitochondrial COI and ND4, with haplotypes coloured by broader geographic region or type / paratype locality. Dot sizes are proportional to haplotype frequency. Dashes on connecting branches indicate number of mutations between haplotypes. Despite shared genetic variation among geographic regions, haplotypes can be broadly grouped into an Indian and western Pacific cluster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7389144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7389144/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Modioliform shell of variable fragility: very thin to strongly calcified dependent on habitat. Size up to
<quantity id="4CAB72A0B849540F586F94024ABFFECB" box="[364,458,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" unit="mm" value="151.0">151 mm</quantity>
in length; height to length ratio decreases with size varying from
<quantity id="4CAB72A0B849540F5DB494034E28FECB" box="[1207,1373,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2065" metricValueMax="1.397" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" unit="in" value="0.475" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.4">0.40 to 0.55 in</quantity>
large specimens. Similarly, tumidity (height/width) varies from 1.0 to 1.3. Juveniles are more oval and slender. Ventral margin may be slightly convex, straight or slightly concave, with a population showing all three forms. Anterior margin broadly to narrowly rounded; posterior margin may be fully rounded or forming a sharp angle at the dorsal junction (
<figureCitation id="1368C3C0B849540F580094934A3DFE5B" box="[259,328,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,897,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-343@5.[151,1436,885,1776]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 Outline sketches of Bathymodiolus septemdierum shells illustrating variability in shape and positions of the anterior retractor and anterior adductor muscle scars. AR: anterior retractor muscle scar; PA: posterior adductor muscle scar; PL: pallial line; AA: anterior adductor scar; LG: ligament. Scale bar is 10 mm and applies to all specimens. A and B: NW Eifuku site, Northwest Pacific; shells are predominantly rounded as in A. C and D: Tu’i Malila site, Lau Basin; shells are predominately angular as in D. E: Kairei site, Central Indian Ridge; redrawn from Hashimoto (2001) holotype. Here, we correct the scale applied to this drawing in the original. The specimen is 55.7 mm long. (A: SIO accession # M19392; B: SIO accession # M19393; C: SIO accession # M19391; D: SIO accession # M19389; E: paratype JAMSTEC #032386)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7389148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7389148/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Beak subterminal positioned at about 15% of shell length but ranging from 8% to 22% in larger specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B849540F59C4976B4E5FFD07" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">
Exterior smooth with largely intact glossy golden brown periostracum that may accumulate mineral deposits from vent fluids. Inner aragonite layer may show variable growth lines or signs of reabsorption/deposition, while outer calcite layer has distinct daily growth bands. Larval shell about 400 μm (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2A2B4B849540F5D0097234FB1FD2B" author="Cosel, R. von &amp; Metivier, C. &amp; Hashimoto, J." box="[1027,1220,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" pagination="374 - 392" refId="ref5704" refString="Cosel, R. von, Metivier, C. &amp; Hashimoto, J. (1994) Three new species of Bathymodiolu s (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from hydrothermal vents in the Lau Basin and the North Fiji Basin, western Pacific, and the Snake Pit area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The Veliger, 37, 374 - 392." type="journal article" year="1994">
Cosel
<emphasis id="B9270357B849540F5D4897234FF6FD2B" box="[1099,1155,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 30-33). Hinge edentulous. Ligament opisthodetic extending 90 to100% of the posterodorsal margin in large specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B849540F59C497FB48F3FCF3" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="B9270357B849540F59C497FB4A72FD63" box="[199,263,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Body.</emphasis>
Anterior adductor muscle scar usually situated anterior to umbo but may overlap; shape variable around an oval (
<figureCitation id="1368C3C0B849540F59FB979F4A4EFD5F" box="[248,315,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,897,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-343@5.[151,1436,885,1776]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 Outline sketches of Bathymodiolus septemdierum shells illustrating variability in shape and positions of the anterior retractor and anterior adductor muscle scars. AR: anterior retractor muscle scar; PA: posterior adductor muscle scar; PL: pallial line; AA: anterior adductor scar; LG: ligament. Scale bar is 10 mm and applies to all specimens. A and B: NW Eifuku site, Northwest Pacific; shells are predominantly rounded as in A. C and D: Tu’i Malila site, Lau Basin; shells are predominately angular as in D. E: Kairei site, Central Indian Ridge; redrawn from Hashimoto (2001) holotype. Here, we correct the scale applied to this drawing in the original. The specimen is 55.7 mm long. (A: SIO accession # M19392; B: SIO accession # M19393; C: SIO accession # M19391; D: SIO accession # M19389; E: paratype JAMSTEC #032386)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7389148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7389148/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); anterior retractor muscle scar usually under middle or forward end of the umbonal cavity. Anterior bundle scar of the posterior pedal/byssal retractor muscle located under ligament at half to two-thirds of its length. Posterior bundle of this muscle forms a bilobed scar with the posterior adductor muscle (
<figureCitation id="1368C3C0B849540F5D6B96574FD9FC97" box="[1128,1196,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,897,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-343@5.[151,1436,885,1776]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 Outline sketches of Bathymodiolus septemdierum shells illustrating variability in shape and positions of the anterior retractor and anterior adductor muscle scars. AR: anterior retractor muscle scar; PA: posterior adductor muscle scar; PL: pallial line; AA: anterior adductor scar; LG: ligament. Scale bar is 10 mm and applies to all specimens. A and B: NW Eifuku site, Northwest Pacific; shells are predominantly rounded as in A. C and D: Tu’i Malila site, Lau Basin; shells are predominately angular as in D. E: Kairei site, Central Indian Ridge; redrawn from Hashimoto (2001) holotype. Here, we correct the scale applied to this drawing in the original. The specimen is 55.7 mm long. (A: SIO accession # M19392; B: SIO accession # M19393; C: SIO accession # M19391; D: SIO accession # M19389; E: paratype JAMSTEC #032386)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7389148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7389148/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). These muscle insertions can vary somewhat in position partly dependent on shell size.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C8FCDB849540F5994924F4F3DF856" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7389148" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7389148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7389148/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" startId="5.[151,250,1799,1823]" targetBox="[164,1425,897,1769]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B849540F5994924F4F3DF856" blockId="5.[151,1436,1799,2040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="B9270357B849540F5994924F4A79F8B1" bold="true" box="[151,268,1799,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
Outline sketches of
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B849540F58DA92404870F88E" authorityName="Hashimoto &amp; Okutani" authorityYear="1994" box="[473,773,1800,1824]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="septemdierum">
<emphasis id="B9270357B849540F58DA92404870F88E" box="[473,773,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Bathymodiolus septemdierum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shells illustrating variability in shape and positions of the anterior retractor and anterior adductor muscle scars. AR: anterior retractor muscle scar; PA: posterior adductor muscle scar; PL: pallial line; AA: anterior adductor scar; LG: ligament. Scale bar is 10 mm and applies to all specimens. A and B: NW Eifuku site, Northwest Pacific; shells are predominantly rounded as in A. C and D: Tu’i Malila site, Lau Basin; shells are predominately angular as in D. E: Kairei site, Central Indian Ridge; redrawn from
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2A2B4B849540F5A4492D04F74F81E" author="Hashimoto, J." box="[839,1025,1944,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" pagination="141 - 149" refId="ref5767" refString="Hashimoto, J. (2001) A new species of Bathymodiolus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from hydrothermal vent communities in the Indian Ocean. Venus, 60, 141 - 149." type="journal article" year="2001">Hashimoto (2001)</bibRefCitation>
holotype. Here, we correct the scale applied to this drawing in the original. The specimen is 55.7 mm long. (A: SIO accession #
<accessionNumber id="940042A6B849540F5D1492F44F1AF87A" box="[1047,1135,1980,2004]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/M19392" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" type="EnaNcbi">M19392</accessionNumber>
; B: SIO accession # M19393; C: SIO accession # M19391; D: SIO accession # M19389; E: paratype JAMSTEC #032386).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2C8FCDB84A540C5994922C49D7F846" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7389150" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7389150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7389150/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" startId="6.[151,250,1892,1916]" targetBox="[203,1384,181,1867]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B84A540C5994922C49D7F846" blockId="6.[151,1437,1892,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B9270357B84A540C5994922C4A67F8D2" bold="true" box="[151,274,1892,1916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Shells of
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B84A540C5877922C49D5F8D2" authorityName="Hashimoto &amp; Okutani" authorityYear="1994" box="[372,672,1892,1916]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="septemdierum">
<emphasis id="B9270357B84A540C5877922C49D5F8D2" box="[372,672,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Bathymodiolus septemdierum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Lau Basin (Southwest Pacific), sites listed as ‘other material’ for original description of
<emphasis id="B9270357B84A540C585392C14ACFF80E" box="[336,442,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B84A540C585392C14AC3F80E" authorityName="Cosel, Metivier &amp; Hashimoto" authorityYear="1994" box="[336,438,1928,1952]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brevior">B. brevior</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Shell shape variability includes posterior angularity and beak position relative to anterior margin. Dark brownish periostracum largely intact but detaching where dried. Scale bar is 10 mm. (A: SIO accession #M19389; B:SIO accession # M19391; C: SIO accession # M19390).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2C8FCDB84B540D599492DF48A0F859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7389154" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7389154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7389154/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" startId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[194,1393,181,1919]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B84B540D599492DF48A0F859" blockId="7.[151,1436,1943,2039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
<emphasis id="B9270357B84B540D599492DF4A78F801" bold="true" box="[151,269,1943,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. Shells of
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B84B540D587A92DF49D0F801" authorityName="Hashimoto &amp; Okutani" authorityYear="1994" box="[377,677,1943,1967]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="septemdierum">
<emphasis id="B9270357B84B540D587A92DF49D0F801" box="[377,677,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Bathymodiolus septemdierum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kairei, Central Indian Ridge, holotype site for original description of
<emphasis id="B9270357B84B540D599492F44A48F87D" box="[151,317,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B84B540D599492F44A4DF87D" box="[151,312,1979,2003]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marisindicus">B. marisindicus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Shells have an oxidized mineral coating over the periostracum and black stains where byssal threads from other individuals attached. Scale bar is 10 mm. (A, B and C: SIO accession # M19395).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2C8FCDB84454025994922A4A7CF848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7389158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7389158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7389158/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="345" startId="8.[151,250,1890,1914]" targetBox="[210,1377,181,1866]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B84454025994922A4A7CF848" blockId="8.[151,1436,1890,2022]" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">
<emphasis id="B9270357B84454025994922A4A78F8D4" bold="true" box="[151,269,1890,1914]" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
. Shells of
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B8445402587A922A49D3F8D4" authorityName="Hashimoto &amp; Okutani" authorityYear="1994" box="[377,678,1890,1914]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="8" pageNumber="345" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="septemdierum">
<emphasis id="B9270357B8445402587A922A49D3F8D4" box="[377,678,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">Bathymodiolus septemdierum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Izu-Bonin Arc (Northwest Pacific). A, B, C: From paratype location, Suiyo Seamount; colour differences due to mineral deposits. D: From type location (Mokuyo Seamount) of first description of the species; specimen shows clean periostracum. Scale bar is 10 mm. (A, B and C: SIO accession #
<accessionNumber id="940042A6B84454025D8A92E24F97F86C" box="[1161,1250,1962,1986]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/M19397" pageId="8" pageNumber="345" type="EnaNcbi">M19397</accessionNumber>
; D: SIO accession #M19399).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2C8FCDB8455403599492DF4A9AF856" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7389163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7389163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7389163/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" startId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[196,1392,181,1920]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B8455403599492DF4A9AF856" blockId="9.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="B9270357B8455403599492DF4A7BF81E" bold="true" box="[151,270,1943,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. Shells of
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B8455403587892D049DDF81E" authorityName="Hashimoto &amp; Okutani" authorityYear="1994" box="[379,680,1944,1968]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="septemdierum">
<emphasis id="B9270357B8455403587892D049DDF81E" box="[379,680,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Bathymodiolus septemdierum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mariana Arc to illustrate more variation in shells of sequenced individuals. B and C have accumulations of iron oxide over the periostracum. Scale bar is 10 mm. (A: SIO accession # M19394; B and C: SIO accession #
<accessionNumber id="940042A6B8455403588992A84A91F856" box="[394,484,2016,2040]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/M19392" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" type="EnaNcbi">M19392</accessionNumber>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2C8FCDB84654005994968C48DBFBAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7389166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7389166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7389166/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" startId="10.[151,250,964,988]" targetBox="[157,1430,188,933]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B84654005994968C48DBFBAF" blockId="10.[151,1436,964,1025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis id="B9270357B84654005994968C4A67FC72" bold="true" box="[151,274,964,988]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Height to length proportions of
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B84654005B5B968D48F1FC73" authorityName="Hashimoto &amp; Okutani" authorityYear="1994" box="[600,900,965,989]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="septemdierum">
<emphasis id="B9270357B84654005B5B968D48F1FC73" box="[600,900,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Bathymodiolus septemdierum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shells from three ocean regions with regression lines shown for Northwest Pacific sites (dotted) and Southwest Pacific sites (solid).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B846540059C491674F5CFB3F" blockId="10.[151,1437,1071,1925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Ctenidia large from two-thirds to five-sixths length of shell, variable within a population. Inner and outer demibranchs more or less equal length with the former attached to mantle anteriorly but detached posteriorly. Valvular siphonal membrane narrow, terminating at postero-ventral margin; papilla absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B846540059C491D34F3BFB53" blockId="10.[151,1437,1071,1925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Mantle lobes separate along ventral margin usually with fluted edging. Mantle folds extend dorsally over anterior adductor muscle, along anterior margin, then down and posteriorly under the anterior adductor muscle. Foot somewhat variable in breadth with ventral byssal groove about two-thirds the length.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B846540059C4904F49B7FA23" blockId="10.[151,1437,1071,1925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Posterior byssus retractor muscles arise from foot-byssus muscle complex to attach as two muscle bundles (anterior and posterior) on dorsal and postero-dorsal shell interior. Posterior pedal retractors stout rising from base of foot to join with anterior bundle of the posterior byssus retractor muscles. Anterior retractor muscles of the complex rising forward to attach on anterior wall of umbo.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3498CCEB846540059C490DF4F93F97F" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B846540059C490DF4B85F9EF" blockId="10.[151,1437,1071,1925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis id="B9270357B846540059C490DF4A8BFA1F" bold="true" box="[199,510,1431,1457]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Habitat and Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from hydrothermal vents of the western Pacific and Indian oceans (
<figureCitation id="1368C3C0B8465400599C90F34B96FA7B" box="[159,227,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1638,1662]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,954,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-412@1.[151,1435,954,1612]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1 Distribution of Bathymodiolus septemdierum in the western Pacific and Indian oceans. Red stars indicate sites for which both genetic and morphological data are used in this study; black squares for genetic data only; black circles for morphological data only. Yellow symbols are additional sites at which this species occurs. Indian Ocean sites extended from records in Zhou et al. (2022)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7389142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7389142/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Hosts thiotrophic bacterial symbionts in gills, thus requires access to sulphide-rich vent fluids. Usually forms dense clusters around diffuse fluid flows, attached by byssal threads to rocks or other shells. Where currents disperse concentrated fluids over the seabed, can form extensive areas of high biomass. Shells very thin where fluid pH low.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B846540059C493034F93F97F" blockId="10.[151,1437,1071,1925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
This mussel species has a wide range: Northwest Pacific in Izu-Bonin Volcanic Arc, Mariana Volcanic Arc and Mariana Back-arc spreading ridge; in the Southwest Pacific, in the
<collectingCountry id="F3449FD5B84654005A8093274F51F927" box="[899,1060,1647,1673]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">New Hebrides</collectingCountry>
Arc, North
<collectingCountry id="F3449FD5B84654005DAB93274FBAF927" box="[1192,1231,1647,1673]" name="Fiji" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Fiji</collectingCountry>
Basin, Lau Basin, Tonga-Tofua Arc, and Kermadec Arc; in the Indian Ocean on the Southwest Indian Ridge and the Central Indian Ridge. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="4C53A4C6B8465400582D93F04A9FF97F" authorityName="Hashimoto &amp; Okutani" authorityYear="1994" box="[302,490,1719,1745]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="septemdierum">
<emphasis id="B9270357B8465400582D93F04A9FF97F" box="[302,490,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">B. septemdierum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in mid-ocean ridge, back-arc ridge and volcanic arc settings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3498CCEB846540059C493934F3CF82B" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BECDF45B846540059C493934F3CF82B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1071,1925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis id="B9270357B846540059C493934A4EF95B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1755,1781]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Remarks.</emphasis>
Given both the phenotypic variability and the wide geographic spread, it is not surprising that separate species were described from three ocean regions.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2A2B4B84654005BFB93B748B1F8B7" author="Hashimoto, J." box="[760,964,1791,1817]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="141 - 149" refId="ref5767" refString="Hashimoto, J. (2001) A new species of Bathymodiolus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from hydrothermal vent communities in the Indian Ocean. Venus, 60, 141 - 149." type="journal article" year="2001">Hashimoto (2001)</bibRefCitation>
provides a table of distinguishing characters among these species; however, we find that the noted shell differences are encompassed by larger samples from both NW and SW Pacific; relative position of the beak is one example. Within samples from one site, shell and scar characters may also vary as noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2A2B4B84654005B399223487EF82B" author="Cosel, R. von &amp; Metivier, C. &amp; Hashimoto, J." box="[570,779,1899,1925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="374 - 392" refId="ref5704" refString="Cosel, R. von, Metivier, C. &amp; Hashimoto, J. (1994) Three new species of Bathymodiolu s (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from hydrothermal vents in the Lau Basin and the North Fiji Basin, western Pacific, and the Snake Pit area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The Veliger, 37, 374 - 392." type="journal article" year="1994">
Cosel
<emphasis id="B9270357B84654005B82922449CCF82B" box="[641,697,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">et al.</emphasis>
(1994)
</bibRefCitation>
for ratio of height to length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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