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<document id="FD2B09F4E04217A3F4DF23BEFD4BDB52" ID-CLB-Dataset="26985" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c6f362bc-4d6b-4e3a-b69a-a9e8392e6756" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2650112" ID-ZooBank="D9E64DD6-D675-4E25-B9B8-A44C14CE0B22" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1556106999488" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Oliveira, Livia M., Hoeksema, Bert W. &amp; Rocha, Rosana M." docDate="2019" docId="039C8788FFB4217BFE238AEFFDCA750F" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-519_oliveira_hoeksema_rocha.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 519" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Polysyncraton globosum Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="1BF4A55D-4A94-4598-8BC0-4A26E33EF5DD" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="24" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFA5FFF0FFBF2175FFCB8F2FFFB4710F" masterDocTitle="Polysyncraton (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae): a re-examination of some specimens and descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698723430310" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="F99E78743CC9F90DC4CDD53FC3BB9C71" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8B0C7270B6C3581E80146FB23B7252F0">
<mods:title id="A3587377620EE4FCED62DA0F36ADDC5D">Polysyncraton (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae): a re-examination of some specimens and descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B5731F483C17F88E1130DACA6D41367E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="41FBAE95183871A552DFA70B8C31E5FD">
<mods:roleTerm id="42DDEF5729C7182B587FF165F9556C93">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="188B3112651A5FA55971844E0C798202">Oliveira, Livia M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB33F02C28F675FD36F30B9A8D1E99E2" type="LSID">2058206A-50D4-4956-8888-358701793D7F</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="959195C7971677D3C0E016714D33B0A2">Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados Marinhos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FA5E2BB05FD7D7AF4C2C4994AA5F9245" type="email">liviaoliveira@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="186F764E8A3A81D927E72FDE98B4CDB1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8CFA80B0EEAF0AC68CCF15589AE94F9D">
<mods:roleTerm id="F6AD491DB07642425AC3DF4CB576307D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1775E6C7FE76D9D85691E230FB2298EC">Hoeksema, Bert W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A6323382C9DF6919A1FA4C56CAEBC074" type="LSID">548DBAFD-040B-4773-A043-6FCC466160A1</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1CAABEA7EDFFFEC7D6EDDAB6385DF2C1">Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="317B907C7A099A038647334060A6378C" type="email">bert.hoeksema@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="38EA0FCC6AC65B00D99A6E8BA014B1DC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5ABB2D872774F6E1BECF10D7B4CF0B67">
<mods:roleTerm id="667DD495823FFEBF53ACF0A7DCE3491D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="12F57E3BD212D5FA3E7A4F7BE6FC3647">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A093B5B5F8C6C85A406EB75AFE692BB0" type="LSID">E170DE7A-DB70-4E5B-8488-45FA680812DA</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2A0F47DDCDD68C9E9585064BB44958C0">Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados Marinhos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="69B0D6167320A484A4EF6EE268EEDC89" type="email">rmrocha@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5CCB85C88E6577581C4A1B75C1D8ED2D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="25C287C8F0CDA89D9C3ADAAAB29885EB">
<mods:title id="1E2E453CCB67002D266529606E53A53E">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F64B8B48B05DE7046C0B50B585604F58">
<mods:date id="0122A11E127525E4200B731997CFCAA3">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BC595075F387E3FE3419FD3BF8694E95" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="773AF0F294A4A24D30D4D2E6ADA74523">2019-04-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="DA4D6C391DD9D414D001AB94EF11160E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7E76704E9F746804CC714C71669F54A4">519</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="0316AC5EF7EFA71ECA63887F48965421">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="2A305E8132357097C473E60C1B02C1F4">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2C90D626DBD33E37967BD925661511DC" type="CLB-Dataset">26985</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A7B25F43439E42B743E14604293B3D75" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2019.519</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E4E392C01C67C786D24182A9F19F52C9" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C4BF6A42950A50F1DCE9B3E997610CC7" type="Zenodo-Dep">2650112</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039C8788FFB4217BFE238AEFFDCA750F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5167412" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156832916" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5167412" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1BF4A55D-4A94-4598-8BC0-4A26E33EF5DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C8788FFB4217BFE238AEFFDCA750F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB4217EFE238AEFFC88772F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFE238AEFFBF874D4" blockId="11.[361,1227,1472,1568]" box="[488,1100,1472,1499]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB4217EFE238AEFFBF874D4" box="[488,1100,1472,1499]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB4217EFE238AEFFC5E74D5" authority="Oliveira &amp; Rocha" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[488,1002,1472,1499]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globosum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFE238AEFFCA574D4" bold="true" box="[488,785,1472,1499]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Polysyncraton globosum</emphasis>
Oliveira &amp; Rocha
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257F7FFB4217EFC3A8AEEFBF874D4" box="[1009,1100,1473,1499]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFEA28ACCFB7F74F1" blockId="11.[361,1227,1472,1568]" box="[361,1227,1507,1534]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<uri id="FFA43A9CFFB4217EFEA28ACCFB7F74F1" box="[361,1227,1507,1534]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FF930C4BFFB4217EFD418ACCFB7F74F1" box="[650,1227,1507,1534]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1BF4A55D-4A94-4598-8BC0-4A26E33EF5DD</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFD3C892AFC88772F" blockId="11.[361,1227,1472,1568]" box="[759,828,1541,1568]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB4217EFD3C892AFC88772F" box="[759,828,1541,1568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,391,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,387,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Polysyncraton globosum Oliveira &amp; Rocha sp. nov., Australia (NHM 1866.3.21.21). a. Preserved colony. b. Spicules. c. Thorax (big arrow indicates the lateral thoracic organ and small arrows the muscle fibers present on each side of the thorax). d. Abdomen. e–f. Larva stained with hemalum (the arrows in f indicate the membrane of the tail). Scale bars: b = 10 µm; c–d = 0.1 mm; e–f = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239953/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB4217EFF768968FA87776E" box="[189,1331,1606,1633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF768968FA87776E" blockId="11.[189,1331,1606,1633]" box="[189,1331,1606,1633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2511B0FFB4217EFF768968FA87776E" box="[189,1331,1606,1633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB4217EFF768968FDCF776F" authority="Millar 1963" authorityName="Hastings" authorityYear="1931" box="[189,635,1607,1633]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnetae" subGenus="Polysyncraton">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFF768968FDCF776F" box="[189,635,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Didemnum (Polysyncraton) magnetae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A94108FFFB4217EFD528969FCD4776E" author="Millar R. H." box="[665,864,1606,1633]" page="702" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB4217EFD528969FCD4776E" author="Millar" box="[665,864,1606,1633]" firstAuthor="Millar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="689 - 746" refId="ref8912" refString="Millar R. H. 1963. Australian ascidians in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 141 (4): 689 - 746. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1963. tb 01623. x" type="journal article" year="1963">Millar 1963: 702</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(misidentification, not
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB4217EFBBA8969FA92776E" author="Hastings" box="[1137,1318,1606,1633]" firstAuthor="Hastings" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="69 - 110" refId="ref8439" refString="Hastings A. B. 1931. Tunicata. Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 29. Scientific Reports 4: 69 - 110. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49516617 [accessed 20 Jul. 2018]." type="journal article" year="1931">Hastings, 1931</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB4217EFF7689A7FD0377DF" box="[189,695,1672,1744]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF7689A7FEF077AD" blockId="11.[189,324,1672,1698]" box="[189,324,1672,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB4217EFF7689A7FEF077AD" bold="true" box="[189,324,1672,1698]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFF7689A7FEF077AD" bold="true" box="[189,324,1672,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF768999FD0377DF" blockId="11.[189,695,1718,1744]" box="[189,695,1718,1744]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">The name refers to the shape of the colony.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB4217EFF7689D9FB6E76E4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF7689D9FE1E761F" blockId="11.[189,426,1782,1808]" box="[189,426,1782,1808]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB4217EFF7689D9FE1E761F" bold="true" box="[189,426,1782,1808]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFF7689D9FE1E761F" bold="true" box="[189,426,1782,1808]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CC3FFB4217EFF21880AFF4C7688" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236933714" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="Bowerbank" country="Australia" location="AUSTRALIA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="DID 5.12" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF21880AFEE87630" blockId="11.[189,1398,1829,1927]" box="[234,348,1829,1855]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="548E883CFFB4217EFF21880AFEE87630" box="[234,348,1829,1855]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFF21880AFEE87630" bold="true" box="[234,348,1829,1855]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF768866FF4C7688" blockId="11.[189,1398,1829,1927]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFB4217EFF768866FED6766C" box="[189,354,1865,1891]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
• 1 colony;
<collectorName id="26C05348FFB4217EFE3A8867FDCC766D" box="[497,632,1864,1890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bowerbank</collectorName>
leg.; NHM 1866.3.21.21, slides NHM 1866.3.21.21,
<collectionCode id="ED24AE5BFFB4217EFB248866FA8F766C" box="[1263,1339,1865,1891]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB939EE5FFB4217EFA898866FF407688" collectionCode="DZUP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="University or college">DID 5.12</specimenCode>
.
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF218881FEE876C7" blockId="11.[189,1242,1966,2027]" box="[234,348,1966,1992]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="548E883CFFB4217EFF218881FEE876C7" box="[234,348,1966,1992]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFF218881FEE876C7" bold="true" box="[234,348,1966,1992]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Paratype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF7688FEFB6E76E4" blockId="11.[189,1242,1966,2027]" box="[189,1242,2001,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CC3FFB4217EFF7688FEFB6276E4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236933717" box="[189,1238,2001,2027]" collectorName="Bowerbank" country="Australia" location="AUSTRALIA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFB4217EFF7688FEFED676E4" box="[189,354,2001,2027]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
• 1 colony;
<collectorName id="26C05348FFB4217EFE3B88FEFDC376E4" box="[496,631,2001,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bowerbank</collectorName>
leg.; NHM 1866.3.21.20, slide NHM 1866.3.21.20
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4A6616FFB32179FF768849FB6776E4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239953/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[189,232,1894,1920]" targetBox="[192,1395,391,1825]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB32179FF768849FB6776E4" blockId="12.[189,1399,1894,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB32179FF768849FEBD768E" bold="true" box="[189,265,1894,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB32179FEC48849FCB1768F" authority="Oliveira &amp; Rocha" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[271,773,1894,1921]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globosum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB32179FEC48849FD85768F" box="[271,561,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Polysyncraton globosum</emphasis>
Oliveira &amp; Rocha
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257F7FFB32179FCC08848FCD3768E" box="[779,871,1895,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Australia (NHM 1866.3.21.21).
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB32179FB2C8848FB42768E" bold="true" box="[1255,1270,1895,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">a</emphasis>
. Preserved colony.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB32179FED388A5FE9C76AB" bold="true" box="[280,296,1930,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">b</emphasis>
. Spicules.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB32179FE6D88A5FE0776AB" bold="true" box="[422,435,1930,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">c</emphasis>
. Thorax (big arrow indicates the lateral thoracic organ and small arrows the muscle fibers present on each side of the thorax).
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB32179FD628882FD0D76C8" bold="true" box="[681,697,1965,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">d</emphasis>
. Abdomen.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB32179FC828882FCDA76C8" bold="true" box="[841,878,1965,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">e–f</emphasis>
. Larva stained with hemalum (the arrows in f indicate the membrane of the tail). Scale bars: b = 10 µm; c–d = 0.1 mm; e–f = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB2217BFF768E24FD977044" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB22178FF768E24FEFA702A" blockId="13.[189,334,267,293]" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB22178FF768E24FEFA702A" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB22178FF768E24FEFA702A" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB22178FF768E16FE3B70EE" blockId="13.[189,1399,313,481]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The species is characterised by its globular colonies,
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB22178FCFA8E16FC35705B" box="[817,897,313,340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
at maximum length (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB22178FBB48E16FB62705B" box="[1151,1238,313,340]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,391,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,387,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Polysyncraton globosum Oliveira &amp; Rocha sp. nov., Australia (NHM 1866.3.21.21). a. Preserved colony. b. Spicules. c. Thorax (big arrow indicates the lateral thoracic organ and small arrows the muscle fibers present on each side of the thorax). d. Abdomen. e–f. Larva stained with hemalum (the arrows in f indicate the membrane of the tail). Scale bars: b = 10 µm; c–d = 0.1 mm; e–f = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
). The tunic is gelatinous and the colony surface is smooth. The spicules are distributed in low density, mainly on the colony surface. Just one cloacal aperture with a smooth edge was observed in each colony. The globular spicules are
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB22178FE9B8E8CFE5070B1" box="[336,484,419,446]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 30 µm</quantity>
in diameter and have numerous thin rays (16 to 18 rays in optical transverse section) (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB22178FEE18EE9FE3670EE" box="[298,386,454,481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,391,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,387,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Polysyncraton globosum Oliveira &amp; Rocha sp. nov., Australia (NHM 1866.3.21.21). a. Preserved colony. b. Spicules. c. Thorax (big arrow indicates the lateral thoracic organ and small arrows the muscle fibers present on each side of the thorax). d. Abdomen. e–f. Larva stained with hemalum (the arrows in f indicate the membrane of the tail). Scale bars: b = 10 µm; c–d = 0.1 mm; e–f = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB2217BFF768D27FD977044" blockId="13.[189,1399,520,828]" lastBlockId="14.[189,1399,267,332]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The thorax has 12 conspicuous muscle bundles on each side (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB22178FC4C8D27FC69732D" box="[903,989,520,546]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,391,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,387,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Polysyncraton globosum Oliveira &amp; Rocha sp. nov., Australia (NHM 1866.3.21.21). a. Preserved colony. b. Spicules. c. Thorax (big arrow indicates the lateral thoracic organ and small arrows the muscle fibers present on each side of the thorax). d. Abdomen. e–f. Larva stained with hemalum (the arrows in f indicate the membrane of the tail). Scale bars: b = 10 µm; c–d = 0.1 mm; e–f = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
). The oral siphon has six triangular lobes. The atrial languet is bifurcated but was lost in some thoraces when the zooids were dissected. The lateral thoracic organ is circular, not protruding, located at the level of the 1
<superScript id="7C409BD6FFB22178FB948D62FBDE7354" attach="left" box="[1119,1130,589,603]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">st</superScript>
row of stigmata, in the middle of the thorax (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB22178FE758D5EFDA17383" box="[446,533,625,652]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,391,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,387,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Polysyncraton globosum Oliveira &amp; Rocha sp. nov., Australia (NHM 1866.3.21.21). a. Preserved colony. b. Spicules. c. Thorax (big arrow indicates the lateral thoracic organ and small arrows the muscle fibers present on each side of the thorax). d. Abdomen. e–f. Larva stained with hemalum (the arrows in f indicate the membrane of the tail). Scale bars: b = 10 µm; c–d = 0.1 mm; e–f = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
). The second gut loop does not overlay the stomach. The testis is divided in six follicles surrounded by two or three coils of the sperm duct (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB22178FC2D8DBBFB8B73A0" box="[998,1087,660,687]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,391,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,387,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Polysyncraton globosum Oliveira &amp; Rocha sp. nov., Australia (NHM 1866.3.21.21). a. Preserved colony. b. Spicules. c. Thorax (big arrow indicates the lateral thoracic organ and small arrows the muscle fibers present on each side of the thorax). d. Abdomen. e–f. Larva stained with hemalum (the arrows in f indicate the membrane of the tail). Scale bars: b = 10 µm; c–d = 0.1 mm; e–f = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7d</figureCitation>
), although the description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB22178FF2F8D97FE3373DD" author="Millar" box="[228,391,695,722]" firstAuthor="Millar" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="689 - 746" refId="ref8912" refString="Millar R. H. 1963. Australian ascidians in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 141 (4): 689 - 746. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1963. tb 01623. x" type="journal article" year="1963">Millar (1963)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned up to eight follicles. Larvae are elliptical, the trunk 1.0 to
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB22178FB178D97FA8C73DD" box="[1244,1336,696,722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB22178FF0D8DF4FEAE73FA" box="[198,282,731,757]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,391,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,387,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Polysyncraton globosum Oliveira &amp; Rocha sp. nov., Australia (NHM 1866.3.21.21). a. Preserved colony. b. Spicules. c. Thorax (big arrow indicates the lateral thoracic organ and small arrows the muscle fibers present on each side of the thorax). d. Abdomen. e–f. Larva stained with hemalum (the arrows in f indicate the membrane of the tail). Scale bars: b = 10 µm; c–d = 0.1 mm; e–f = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7e</figureCitation>
). The tail winds about ¾ of the way around the trunk. At the left side of the larva, it is possible to see a wide membrane projecting from the sides of the tail (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB22178FCAB8DD1FC067216" box="[864,946,766,793]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,391,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,387,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Polysyncraton globosum Oliveira &amp; Rocha sp. nov., Australia (NHM 1866.3.21.21). a. Preserved colony. b. Spicules. c. Thorax (big arrow indicates the lateral thoracic organ and small arrows the muscle fibers present on each side of the thorax). d. Abdomen. e–f. Larva stained with hemalum (the arrows in f indicate the membrane of the tail). Scale bars: b = 10 µm; c–d = 0.1 mm; e–f = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7f</figureCitation>
). The three adhesive papillae with long and thin peduncles are close together and there are eight pairs of rectangular ectodermal ampullae. The sensory vesicle is in the central region of the larval trunk, with the ocellus and estatocyte close together. The larva is not gemmiparous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4A6616FFB22178FF7688A7FBA076E6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239955/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[189,1399,905,1876]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB22178FF7688A7FBA076E6" blockId="13.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB22178FF7688A7FEBA76AD" bold="true" box="[189,270,1928,1954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB22178FED388A7FD4B76AC" authority="Hastings, 1931" authorityName="Hastings" authorityYear="1931" box="[280,767,1928,1955]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnetae">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB22178FED388A7FD8A76AD" box="[280,574,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Polysyncraton magnetae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB22178FD8288A7FD4B76AC" accessDate="2018-07-20" author="Hastings A. B." box="[585,767,1928,1955]" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="69 - 110" part="4" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49516617" refId="ref8439" refString="Hastings A. B. 1931. Tunicata. Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 29. Scientific Reports 4: 69 - 110. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49516617 [accessed 20 Jul. 2018]." title="Tunicata. Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 29" type="journal article" year="1931">Hastings, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type specimen (NHM 1930.12.17.46).
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB22178FB2988A6FB4576AC" bold="true" box="[1250,1265,1929,1955]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">a</emphasis>
. Preserved colony.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB22178FED38883FE9C76C9" bold="true" box="[280,296,1964,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">b</emphasis>
. Cross section of the colony showing cavities found in the median region (arrows).
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB22178FB3A8883FB4A76C9" bold="true" box="[1265,1278,1964,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">c</emphasis>
. Spicules.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB22178FF7688E0FF7976E6" bold="true" box="[189,205,1999,2025]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">d</emphasis>
. Cross section of a decalcified colony. Scale bars: a = 1 cm; c = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB1217BFF768E59FCB27285" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB1217BFF768E59FE9B709F" blockId="14.[189,303,374,400]" box="[189,303,374,400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB1217BFF768E59FE9B709F" bold="true" box="[189,303,374,400]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFF768E59FE9B709F" bold="true" box="[189,303,374,400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB1217BFF768E88FCB27285" blockId="14.[189,1399,423,906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
These Australian specimens, which were deposited at the Natural History Museum in London, have previously been identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB1217BFDAE8EE1FC0170E8" authority="Hastings, 1931" authorityName="Hastings" authorityYear="1931" box="[613,949,461,487]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnetae">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFDAE8EE1FD4370E8" box="[613,759,462,487]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. magnetae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB1217BFCC98EE2FC0170E8" author="Hastings" box="[770,949,461,487]" firstAuthor="Hastings" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="69 - 110" refId="ref8439" refString="Hastings A. B. 1931. Tunicata. Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 29. Scientific Reports 4: 69 - 110. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49516617 [accessed 20 Jul. 2018]." type="journal article" year="1931">Hastings, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB1217BFC238EE2FB3A70E7" author="Millar" box="[1000,1166,461,488]" firstAuthor="Millar" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="689 - 746" refId="ref8912" refString="Millar R. H. 1963. Australian ascidians in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 141 (4): 689 - 746. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1963. tb 01623. x" type="journal article" year="1963">Millar (1963)</bibRefCitation>
. The sample NHM 1930.12.17.46 from the Great Barrier Reef, Stat. XXIII, R/V “Magneta”, collected on
<date id="FF8B105EFFB1217BFB778EDCFAEF7302" box="[1212,1371,499,526]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1929-03-12">12 Mar. 1929</date>
is part of the
<typeStatus id="548E883CFFB1217BFE8F8D35FEC3733B" box="[324,375,538,564]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB1217BFE258D35FDCB733C" authorityName="Hastings" authorityYear="1931" box="[494,639,538,563]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnetae">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFE258D35FDCB733C" box="[494,639,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. magnetae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and was re-examined (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB1217BFC528D36FC56733C" box="[921,994,537,563]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,905,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1399,905,1876]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Polysyncraton magnetae Hastings, 1931, type specimen (NHM 1930.12.17.46). a. Preserved colony. b. Cross section of the colony showing cavities found in the median region (arrows). c. Spicules. d. Cross section of a decalcified colony. Scale bars: a = 1 cm; c = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239955/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Although also looking globular, the colony is not as solid as in
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB1217BFDF78D6FFD7A7356" authority="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha, 2019" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[572,718,575,601]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globosum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFDF78D6FFD7A7356" box="[572,718,575,601]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. globosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257F7FFB1217BFD138D6FFC827355" box="[728,822,576,602]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and has a high density of spicules in the tunic, with cylindrical rays of a larger diameter and in a smaller number than in
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB1217BFBFB8D49FB6C7370" box="[1072,1240,613,639]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosum">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFBFB8D49FB6C7370" box="[1072,1240,613,639]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. globulosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB1217BFB228D4AFA857370" box="[1257,1329,613,639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,905,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1399,905,1876]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Polysyncraton magnetae Hastings, 1931, type specimen (NHM 1930.12.17.46). a. Preserved colony. b. Cross section of the colony showing cavities found in the median region (arrows). c. Spicules. d. Cross section of a decalcified colony. Scale bars: a = 1 cm; c = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239955/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). The atrial languet in
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB1217BFE4F8DA3FDA173AA" authorityName="Hastings" authorityYear="1931" box="[388,533,652,677]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnetae">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFE4F8DA3FDA173AA" box="[388,533,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. magnetae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is almost imperceptible, short and pointed, and could be missed during dissection, although
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB1217BFE7F8D9EFDC773C4" author="Hastings" box="[436,627,689,715]" firstAuthor="Hastings" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="69 - 110" refId="ref8439" refString="Hastings A. B. 1931. Tunicata. Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 29. Scientific Reports 4: 69 - 110. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49516617 [accessed 20 Jul. 2018]." type="journal article" year="1931">Hastings (1931)</bibRefCitation>
described it as large. Unfortunately, the larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB1217BFB038D9DFAED73C4" authorityName="Hastings" authorityYear="1931" box="[1224,1369,690,715]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnetae">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFB038D9DFAED73C4" box="[1224,1369,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. magnetae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not known for comparison with congeneric species.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB1217BFCD68DF7FC1173FD" author="Kott" box="[797,933,728,754]" firstAuthor="Kott" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref8579" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 4, Aplousobranchia (3), Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47 (1): 1 - 410. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40460926 [accessed 20 Jul. 2018]." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott (2001)</bibRefCitation>
also realised that Millar’s identification was wrong and suggested that the NHM material belonged to
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB1217BFC5C8DD1FA947217" authority="F. Monniot, 1993" authorityName="F. Monniot" authorityYear="1993" box="[919,1312,765,792]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meandratum">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFC5C8DD1FBFD7218" box="[919,1097,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. meandratum</emphasis>
F.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB1217BFBA58DD2FA947217" author="Monniot" box="[1134,1312,765,792]" firstAuthor="Monniot" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="3 - 17" refId="ref9261" refString="Monniot F. 1993. Ascidies de Nouvelle-Caledonie XIII. Le genre Polysyncraton. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 ieme serie 15 ª (1 - 4): 3 - 17." type="journal article" year="1993">Monniot, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. We do not agree with this suggestion because
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB1217BFD4E8C0BFC817232" authorityName="F. Monniot" authorityYear="1993" box="[645,821,803,829]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meandratum">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFD4E8C0BFC817232" box="[645,821,803,829]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. meandratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has thin and sheet-like colonies, an atrial languet larger than those observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB1217BFDD38C65FD13726B" authority="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha, 2019" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[536,679,842,868]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globosum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFDD38C65FD13726B" box="[536,679,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. globosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257F7FFB1217BFD648C65FCB8726B" box="[687,780,842,868]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, less male follicles and a larva less than half the size of that of
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB1217BFEFB8C5FFE0B7285" authority="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha, 2019" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[304,447,880,906]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globosum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFEFB8C5FFE0B7285" box="[304,447,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. globosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257F7FFB1217BFE0D8C5FFD957285" box="[454,545,880,906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(F.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB1217BFD858C5FFD4D7285" author="Monniot" box="[590,761,880,906]" firstAuthor="Monniot" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="3 - 17" refId="ref9261" refString="Monniot F. 1993. Ascidies de Nouvelle-Caledonie XIII. Le genre Polysyncraton. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 ieme serie 15 ª (1 - 4): 3 - 17." type="journal article" year="1993">Monniot 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB1217BFF768C9BFDCA750F" box="[189,638,948,1024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB1217BFF768C9BFEE272C1" blockId="14.[189,342,948,974]" box="[189,342,948,974]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB1217BFF768C9BFEE272C1" bold="true" box="[189,342,948,974]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFF768C9BFEE272C1" bold="true" box="[189,342,948,974]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB1217BFF768CC9FDCA750F" blockId="14.[189,638,997,1024]" box="[189,638,997,1024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFB1217BFEAF8CCAFE6472F0" box="[356,464,997,1023]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB1217BFE148CCAFDC5750F" author="Millar" box="[479,625,997,1024]" firstAuthor="Millar" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="689 - 746" refId="ref8912" refString="Millar R. H. 1963. Australian ascidians in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 141 (4): 689 - 746. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1963. tb 01623. x" type="journal article" year="1963">Millar 1963</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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